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10. Araucarioides: A Polar Lineage of Araucariaceae with New Paleogene Fossils from Tasmania, Australia.

Author

Slodownik, Miriam A., Escapa, Ignacio, Mays, Chris, Jordan, Gregory J., Carpenter, Raymond J., and Hill, Robert S.

Subjects
PALEOGENE, COMPUTED tomography, FOSSILS, TECHNOLOGICAL innovations, SCANNING electron microscopy
Abstract

Premise of research. The fossil assemblage of the Macquarie Harbour Formation (MHF) in Tasmania, Australia, represents a subpolar (65°S–70°S) lowland forest during the early Eocene climatic optimum (∼53–50 Ma) and bears fossils of Araucarioides linearis Bigwood et Hill, 1985 emend (Araucariaceae). New fossils, including isolated leaves, female ovuliferous complexes (=bract/scale complexes), a possible seed, and dispersed pollen, were recovered from the Lowana Road site near the type locality and offered the opportunity to clarify the previously poorly constrained relationship of Araucarioides within the Araucariaceae. Methodology. Macrofossils and cuticles were described and compared with other Araucariaceae. Palynological analyses were conducted to identify associated pollen. Tree Analysis Using New Technology (TNT) was used for phylogenetic analyses. To confirm conspecificity of leaves and reproductive remains, the whole-plant hypothesis was tested using multiple methods, including optical and fluorescence photo(micro)graphy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray computed tomography. Paleobiogeographic comparisons with other Araucarioides assemblages were undertaken. Pivotal results. New Araucarioides linearis fossils included two distinct leaf populations and the first putative female reproductive remains of this species. The generic and specific diagnoses of A. linearis were emended based on new data. Co-occurring Araucarioides sinuosa was designated a junior synonym of A. linearis. The fossils are associated with abundant Dilwynites tuberculatus pollen. The phylogenetic analyses revealed affinity with the agathioid clade (Wollemia + Agathis) of Araucariaceae. The whole-plant hypothesis was supported. Conclusions. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that A. linearis was a non- Agathis agathioid that represents the sister to the clade formed by Agathis and Wollemia. The polar Campanian Araucarioides falcata in New Zealand supports the Cretaceous divergence of Araucaria and agathioid lineages. The restriction of Araucarioides to high paleolatitudes and their adaptations to seasonal environments such as broad leaves and possibly winter deciduousness may have facilitated survival through the impact winter and photosynthetic crisis during the end-Cretaceous extinction. Continuous northward movement of Australia and New Zealand and resulting climatic and light regime changes likely contributed to its extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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28. Supplementary data from Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae

Author

Jordan, Gregory J., Carpenter, Raymond J., Holland, Barbara R., Beeton, Nicholas J., Woodhams, Michael D., and Brodribb, Timothy J.

Subjects
bacteria, equipment and supplies, complex mixtures
Abstract

Data, code, additional result and analyses for Jordan et al. Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae.

Published
2020
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37. Oldest record of the scale-leaved clade of Podocarpaceae, early Paleocene of Patagonia, Argentina

Author

Andruchow-Colombo, Ana, Escapa, Ignacio H., Carpenter, Raymond J., Hill, Robert S., Iglesias, Ari, Abarzua, Ana M., and Wilf, Peter

Abstract

Andruchow-Colombo, A., Escapa, I. H., Carpenter, R. J., Hill, R. S., Iglesias, A., Abarzua, A. M. & Wilf, P. 15 November 2018. Oldest record of the scale-leaved clade of Podocarpaceae, early Paleocene of Patagonia, Argentina. Alcheringa43, 127–145. ISSN 0311-5518.A new podocarpaceous conifer is described from the early Danian Salamanca Formation (southern Chubut, Patagonia, Argentina) based on compressions of leafy branches with cuticular remains. Kirketapel salamanquensisgen. et sp. nov. has amphistomatic, scale-like leaves with marginal frills distinguishable at the apex; stomata oriented randomly in relation to the major axis of the leaf with four to five subsidiary cells and extremely reduced Florin rings; and irregularly shaped epidermal cells. We compare K. salamanquensiswith extant and extinct members of the imbricate-leaved podocarps, among which it closely resembles Florin’s Dacrydiumgroup C genera (i.e., Lagarostrobos, Manoao, Lepidothamnusand Halocarpus). Among these genera, only Lepidothamnushas a living representative in South America, the Chilean L. fonkii, whose leaf macro- and micromorphological characters are described in detail for comparison. Overall, the Patagonian fossil species is most similar to the extant and extinct members of Lagarostrobosin its cuticular micromorphology; however, macromorphological characters, such as the leaf size, apex curvature and mode of flattening, clearly differentiate it from all four genera of Dacrydiumgroup C. We include Kirketapel salamanquensisin a combined molecular and morphological phylogenetic analysis conducted under the maximum parsimony criterion. The new, early Paleocene fossil taxon is confidently recovered as part of the scale-leaved clade as defined herein, which also includes Halocarpus, Phyllocladus, Lepidothamnus, Parasitaxus, Lagarostrobosand Manoao, and it constitutes the oldest record known for the group by at least 17 million years as well as its first fossil occurrence outside Australasia, establishing a widespread Gondwanan history. Furthermore, based on its oldest locality of occurrence, K. salamanquensisshows that the divergence of the total group of the scale-leaved podocarps occurred by at least 65 million years ago, adding to the growing systematic knowledge of earliest Cenozoic macrofloras in the Southern Hemisphere.Ana Andruchow-Colombo [aandruchow@mef.org.ar] and Ignacio Escapa [iescapa@mef.org.ar] CONICET, Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio Av. Fontana 140, Trelew 9100, Chubut, Argentina; Raymond J. Carpenter* [raymond.carpenter@adelaide.edu.au] School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia; Robert S. Hill [bob.hill@adelaide.edu.au] School of Biological Sciences and Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Ari Iglesias [ari_iglesias@yahoo.com.ar] CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente INIBIOMA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del COMAHUE, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Río Negro, Argentina; Ana Abarzua [anaabarzua@uach.cl] Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Av. Rector Eduardo Morales Miranda 23, Valdivia 5090000, Región de los Ríos, Chile; Peter Wilf [pwilf@psu.edu] Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. *Also affiliated with: School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.

Published
2019
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39. Cenozoic oil-shale deposits in southeastern-central Queensland: palynostratigraphic age determinations and correlations for the Biloela Formation (Biloela Basin) in GSQ Monto 5

Author

Macphail, Michael, Hill, Robert S, Carpenter, Raymond J., McKellar, John, Macphail, Michael, Hill, Robert S, Carpenter, Raymond J., and McKellar, John

Abstract

Fossil pollen and spores recovered from core chips of the Biloela Formation between 41.5 and 219.0m in GSQ Monto 5: Confirm that freshwater, lacustrine sediments infilling the inland Biloela Basin c. 110km southwest of Gladstone are a correlative of the oil-shale-rich Rundle Formation in the Narrows Graben near Gladstone on the central Queensland coast. Provide, within the resolution achieved by using palynostratigraphic-dating criteria, the first known evidence that the upper part of the Biloela Formation is Late Eocene–Early Oligocene. At present, the strongest evidence that the section is Late Eocene is the close similarity of the microflora to Late Eocene assemblages in the offshore Gippsland Basin in southeastern Australia. An Early (earliest?) Oligocene age is equally probable if age-range data from the Murray Basin, southeastern Australia, are used. Differences in the age range of fossil species shared with southeastern Australia emphasise caution is needed when using zonation schemata developed for the continental margin Gippsland Basin and/or epicontinental Murray Basin to date Cenozoic deposits in central Queensland

Published
2014

42. New potential nearest living relatives for Araucariaceae producing fossil Wollemi Pine-type pollen (Dilwynites granulatus W.K. Harris, 1965)

Author

Macphail, Michael, Carpenter, Raymond J., Macphail, Michael, and Carpenter, Raymond J.

Abstract

Two Agathis species that are endemic to New Caledonia, A. moorei and A. ovata, produce coarsely granulate inaperturate pollen that resembles pollen of the Wollemi Pine (Wollemi nobilis). For this reason, these Agathis species are potential nearest living

Published
2013

43. First evidence for Wollemi pine-type pollen (Dilwynites: Araucariaceae) in South America

Author

Macphail, Mike, Carpenter, Raymond J., Iglesias, Ari, Wilf, Peter, Macphail, Mike, Carpenter, Raymond J., Iglesias, Ari, and Wilf, Peter

Abstract

We report the first fossil pollen from South America of the lineage that includes the recently discovered, extremely rare Australian Wollemi Pine, Wollemia nobilis (Araucariaceae). The grains are from the late Paleocene to early middle Eocene Ligorio Márquez Formation of Santa Cruz, Patagonia, Argentina, and are assigned to Dilwynites, the fossil pollen type that closely resembles the pollen of modern Wollemia and some species of its Australasian sister genus, Agathis. Dilwynites was formerly known only from Australia, New Zealand, and East Antarctica. The Patagonian Dilwynites occurs with several taxa of Podocarpaceae and a diverse range of cryptogams and angiosperms, but not Nothofagus. The fossils greatly extend the known geographic range of Dilwynites and provide important new evidence for the Antarctic region as an early Paleogene portal for biotic interchange between Australasia and South America.

Published
2013

44. Near-tropical early eocene terrestrial temperatures at the Australo-Antarctic margin, western Tasmania

Author

Carpenter, Raymond J., Jordan, Gregory J., Macphail, Michael, Hill, Robert S, Carpenter, Raymond J., Jordan, Gregory J., Macphail, Michael, and Hill, Robert S

Abstract

A worldwide greenhouse warm climate prevailed in the Early Eocene, and nowhere was warming more dramatic than at high latitudes. Sea-surface temperatures of ~34 °C have been estimated for a site at paleolatitude 65°S on the East Tasman Plateau of the so

Published
2012

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