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4. One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants

Author

Leebens-Mack, James H, Barker, Michael S, Carpenter, Eric J, Deyholos, Michael K, Gitzendanner, Matthew A, Graham, Sean W, Grosse, Ivo, Li, Zheng, Melkonian, Michael, Mirarab, Siavash, Porsch, Martin, Quint, Marcel, Rensing, Stefan A, Soltis, Douglas E, Soltis, Pamela S, Stevenson, Dennis W, Ullrich, Kristian K, Wickett, Norman J, DeGironimo, Lisa, Edger, Patrick P, Jordon-Thaden, Ingrid E, Joya, Steve, Liu, Tao, Melkonian, Barbara, Miles, Nicholas W, Pokorny, Lisa, Quigley, Charlotte, Thomas, Philip, Villarreal, Juan Carlos, Augustin, Megan M, Barrett, Matthew D, Baucom, Regina S, Beerling, David J, Benstein, Ruben Maximilian, Biffin, Ed, Brockington, Samuel F, Burge, Dylan O, Burris, Jason N, Burris, Kellie P, Burtet-Sarramegna, Valerie, Caicedo, Ana L, Cannon, Steven B, Cebi, Zehra, Chang, Ying, Chater, Caspar, Cheeseman, John M, Chen, Tao, Clarke, Neil D, Clayton, Harmony, Covshoff, Sarah, Crandall-Stotler, Barbara J, Cross, Hugh, dePamphilis, Claude W, Der, Joshua P, Determann, Ron, Dickson, Rowan C, Di Stilio, Veronica S, Ellis, Shona, Fast, Eva, Feja, Nicole, Field, Katie J, Filatov, Dmitry A, Finnegan, Patrick M, Floyd, Sandra K, Fogliani, Bruno, Garcia, Nicolas, Gateble, Gildas, Godden, Grant T, Goh, Falicia Qi Yun, Greiner, Stephan, Harkess, Alex, Heaney, James Mike, Helliwell, Katherine E, Heyduk, Karolina, Hibberd, Julian M, Hodel, Richard GJ, Hollingsworth, Peter M, Johnson, Marc TJ, Jost, Ricarda, Joyce, Blake, Kapralov, Maxim V, Kazamia, Elena, Kellogg, Elizabeth A, Koch, Marcus A, Von Konrat, Matt, Konyves, Kalman, Kutchan, Toni M, Lam, Vivienne, Larsson, Anders, Leitch, Andrew R, Lentz, Roswitha, Li, Fay-Wei, Lowe, Andrew J, Ludwig, Martha, Manos, Paul S, Mavrodiev, Evgeny, McCormick, Melissa K, McKain, Michael, McLellan, Tracy, and McNeal, Joel R

Subjects
Biotechnology, Genetics, Human Genome, Biological Evolution, Databases, Genetic, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Plant, Phylogeny, Transcriptome, Viridiplantae, One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Green plants (Viridiplantae) include around 450,000-500,000 species1,2 of great diversity and have important roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, as part of the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, we sequenced the vegetative transcriptomes of 1,124 species that span the diversity of plants in a broad sense (Archaeplastida), including green plants (Viridiplantae), glaucophytes (Glaucophyta) and red algae (Rhodophyta). Our analysis provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining the evolution of green plants. Most inferred species relationships are well supported across multiple species tree and supermatrix analyses, but discordance among plastid and nuclear gene trees at a few important nodes highlights the complexity of plant genome evolution, including polyploidy, periods of rapid speciation, and extinction. Incomplete sorting of ancestral variation, polyploidization and massive expansions of gene families punctuate the evolutionary history of green plants. Notably, we find that large expansions of gene families preceded the origins of green plants, land plants and vascular plants, whereas whole-genome duplications are inferred to have occurred repeatedly throughout the evolution of flowering plants and ferns. The increasing availability of high-quality plant genome sequences and advances in functional genomics are enabling research on genome evolution across the green tree of life.

Published
2019

6. The Astrochimps: America's First Astronauts

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

The Astrochimps: America's First Astronauts by Dawn Cusick Intermediate, Middle School Chicago Review 216 pp. 2/24 9781641608954 $19.99 e-book ed. 9781641608978 $12.99 Chimpanzees were 'America's first astronauts,' but what did [...]

Published
2024

7. Bunny and Clyde

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

Bunny and Clyde by Megan McDonald; illus. by Scott Nash Primary Candlewick 128 pp. 3/24 9781536228731 $16.99 e-book ed. 9781536237429 $16.99 Best friends Bunny and Clyde learn that it can [...]

Published
2024

8. Genetically encoded multivalent liquid glycan array displayed on M13 bacteriophage

Author

Sojitra, Mirat, Sarkar, Susmita, Maghera, Jasmine, Rodrigues, Emily, Carpenter, Eric J., Seth, Shaurya, Ferrer Vinals, Daniel, Bennett, Nicholas J., Reddy, Revathi, Khalil, Amira, Xue, Xiaochao, Bell, Michael R., Zheng, Ruixiang Blake, Zhang, Ping, Nycholat, Corwin, Bailey, Justin J., Ling, Chang-Chun, Lowary, Todd L., Paulson, James C., Macauley, Matthew S., and Derda, Ratmir

Published
2021
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9. Plague-Busters!: Medicine's Battles with History's Deadliest Diseases

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

Plague-Busters!: Medicine's Battles with History's Deadliest Diseases by Lindsey Fitzharris and Adrian Teal; illus. by Adrian Teal Intermediate, Middle School Bloomsbury 176 pp. 10/23 9781547606030 $19.99 e-book ed. 9781547606047 $13.99 [...]

Published
2023

10. They Hold the Line: Wildfires, Wildlands, and the Firefighters Who Brave Them

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

* They Hold the Line: Wildfires, Wildlands, and the Firefighters Who Brave Them by Dan Paley; illus. by Molly Mendoza Primary, Intermediate Chronicle 40 pp. 9/23 9781797214504 $18.99 Daunting, exhausting, [...]

Published
2023

11. Diversity of ABC transporter genes across the plant kingdom and their potential utility in biotechnology

Author

Lane, Thomas S, Rempe, Caroline S, Davitt, Jack, Staton, Margaret E, Peng, Yanhui, Soltis, Douglas Edward, Melkonian, Michael, Deyholos, Michael, Leebens-Mack, James H, Chase, Mark, Rothfels, Carl J, Stevenson, Dennis, Graham, Sean W, Yu, Jun, Liu, Tao, Pires, J Chris, Edger, Patrick P, Zhang, Yong, Xie, Yinlong, Zhu, Ying, Carpenter, Eric, Wong, Gane Ka-Shu, and Stewart, C Neal

Subjects
Genetics, Biotechnology, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Chromosome Mapping, Data Mining, Databases, Protein, Genes, Plant, Genetic Variation, Genome, Plant, Plant Proteins, Plants, Species Specificity, ABC transporter, Transcriptomics, Computational biology, Taxonomic diversity, Biological Sciences, Technology
Abstract

BackgroundThe ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene superfamily is ubiquitous among extant organisms and prominently represented in plants. ABC transporters act to transport compounds across cellular membranes and are involved in a diverse range of biological processes. Thus, the applicability to biotechnology is vast, including cancer resistance in humans, drug resistance among vertebrates, and herbicide and other xenobiotic resistance in plants. In addition, plants appear to harbor the highest diversity of ABC transporter genes compared with any other group of organisms. This study applied transcriptome analysis to survey the kingdom-wide ABC transporter diversity in plants and suggest biotechnology applications of this diversity.ResultsWe utilized sequence similarity-based informatics techniques to infer the identity of ABC transporter gene candidates from 1295 phylogenetically-diverse plant transcriptomes. A total of 97,149 putative (approximately 25 % were full-length) ABC transporter gene members were identified; each RNA-Seq library (plant sample) had 88 ± 30 gene members. As expected, simpler organisms, such as algae, had fewer unique members than vascular land plants. Differences were also noted in the richness of certain ABC transporter subfamilies. Land plants had more unique ABCB, ABCC, and ABCG transporter gene members on average (p

Published
2016

12. Lost Words: An Armenian Story of Survival and Hope

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
Armenian massacres, 1915-1923, Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

Lost Words: An Armenian Story of Survival and Hope by Leila Boukarim; illus. by Sona Avedikian Primary Chronicle 40 pp. 3/24 9781797213651 $18.99 In a story inspired by her husband's [...]

Published
2024

13. Data access for the 1,000 Plants (1KP) project

Author

Matasci, Naim, Hung, Ling-Hong, Yan, Zhixiang, Carpenter, Eric J, Wickett, Norman J, Mirarab, Siavash, Nguyen, Nam, Warnow, Tandy, Ayyampalayam, Saravanaraj, Barker, Michael, Burleigh, J Gordon, Gitzendanner, Matthew A, Wafula, Eric, Der, Joshua P, dePamphilis, Claude W, Roure, Béatrice, Philippe, Hervé, Ruhfel, Brad R, Miles, Nicholas W, Graham, Sean W, Mathews, Sarah, Surek, Barbara, Melkonian, Michael, Soltis, Douglas E, Soltis, Pamela S, Rothfels, Carl, Pokorny, Lisa, Shaw, Jonathan A, DeGironimo, Lisa, Stevenson, Dennis W, Villarreal, Juan Carlos, Chen, Tao, Kutchan, Toni M, Rolf, Megan, Baucom, Regina S, Deyholos, Michael K, Samudrala, Ram, Tian, Zhijian, Wu, Xiaolei, Sun, Xiao, Zhang, Yong, Wang, Jun, Leebens-Mack, Jim, and Wong, Gane Ka-Shu

Subjects
Viridiplantae, Biodiversity, Transcriptomes, Phylogenomics, Interactions, Pathways
Abstract

The 1,000 plants (1KP) project is an international multi-disciplinary consortium that has generated transcriptome data from over 1,000 plant species, with exemplars for all of the major lineages across the Viridiplantae (green plants) clade. Here, we describe how to access the data used in a phylogenomics analysis of the first 85 species, and how to visualize our gene and species trees. Users can develop computational pipelines to analyse these data, in conjunction with data of their own that they can upload. Computationally estimated protein-protein interactions and biochemical pathways can be visualized at another site. Finally, we comment on our future plans and how they fit within this scalable system for the dissemination, visualization, and analysis of large multi-species data sets.

Published
2014

14. Friend of Numbers: The Life of Mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

Friend of Numbers: The Life of Mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan by Priya Narayanan; illus. by Satwik Gade Primary, Intermediate Eerdmans 40 pp. 10/23 9780802856081 $17.99 Born in 1887 in southern India, [...]

Published
2023

16. Model of ionic currents through microtubule nanopores and the lumen

Author

Freedman, Holly, Rezania, Vahid, Priel, Avner, Carpenter, Eric, Noskovd, Sergei Y., and Tuszynski, Jack A.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Subcellular Processes, Physics - Biological Physics, Quantitative Biology - Biomolecules
Abstract

It has been suggested that microtubules and other cytoskeletal filaments may act as electrical transmission lines. An electrical circuit model of the microtubule is constructed incorporating features of its cylindrical structure with nanopores in its walls. This model is used to study how ionic conductance along the lumen is affected by flux through the nanopores when an external potential is applied across its two ends. Based on the results of Brownian dynamics simulations, the nanopores were found to have asymmetric inner and outer conductances, manifested as nonlinear IV curves. Our simulations indicate that a combination of this asymmetry and an internal voltage source arising from the motion of the C-terminal tails causes a net current to be pumped across the microtubule wall and propagate down the microtubule through the lumen. This effect is demonstrated to enhance and add directly to the longitudinal current through the lumen resulting from an external voltage source, and could be significant in amplifying low-intensity endogenous currents within the cellular environment or as a nano-bioelectronic device., Comment: 43 pages, 6 figures, revised version

Published
2009
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17. Independent optical excitation of distinct neural populations

Author

Klapoetke, Nathan C, Murata, Yasunobu, Kim, Sung Soo, Pulver, Stefan R, Birdsey-Benson, Amanda, Cho, Yong Ku, Morimoto, Tania K, Chuong, Amy S, Carpenter, Eric J, Tian, Zhijian, Wang, Jun, Xie, Yinlong, Yan, Zhixiang, Zhang, Yong, Chow, Brian Y, Surek, Barbara, Melkonian, Michael, Jayaraman, Vivek, Constantine-Paton, Martha, Wong, Gane Ka-Shu, and Boyden, Edward S

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Neurosciences, Neurological, Animals, Drosophila Proteins, Drosophila melanogaster, Light, Molecular Sequence Data, Neurons, Optogenetics, Rhodopsin, Technology, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences
Abstract

Optogenetic tools enable examination of how specific cell types contribute to brain circuit functions. A long-standing question is whether it is possible to independently activate two distinct neural populations in mammalian brain tissue. Such a capability would enable the study of how different synapses or pathways interact to encode information in the brain. Here we describe two channelrhodopsins, Chronos and Chrimson, discovered through sequencing and physiological characterization of opsins from over 100 species of alga. Chrimson's excitation spectrum is red shifted by 45 nm relative to previous channelrhodopsins and can enable experiments in which red light is preferred. We show minimal visual system-mediated behavioral interference when using Chrimson in neurobehavioral studies in Drosophila melanogaster. Chronos has faster kinetics than previous channelrhodopsins yet is effectively more light sensitive. Together these two reagents enable two-color activation of neural spiking and downstream synaptic transmission in independent neural populations without detectable cross-talk in mouse brain slice.

Published
2014

18. Contenders: Two Native Baseball Players, One World Series

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
World Series (Baseball), Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

Contenders: Two Native Baseball Players, One World Series by Traci Sorell; illus. by Arigon Starr Primary Kokila/Penguin 48 pp. 4/23 9780593496472 $18.99 e-book ed. 9780593406489 $11.99 Baseball's 1911 World Series [...]

Published
2023

19. The Story of the Saxophone

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

The Story of the Saxophone by Lesa Cline-Ransome; illus. by James E. Ransome Primary Holiday 40 pp. 2/23 9780823437023 $19.99 e-book ed. 9780823442225 $10.99 Perhaps no instrument is more associated [...]

Published
2023

21. The Bees of Notre-Dame

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

The Bees of Notre-Dame by Meghan P. Browne; illus. by E. B. Goodale Primary Random House Studio/Random 40 pp. 10/23 9780593374566 $18.99 Library ed. 9780593374573 $21.99 e-book ed. 9780593374580 $11.99 [...]

Published
2023

22. Insights into the Evolution of Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycoproteins from 1000 Plant Transcriptomes

Author

Johnson, Kim L., Cassin, Andrew M., Lonsdale, Andrew, Wong, Gane Ka-Shu, Soltis, Douglas E., Miles, Nicholas W., Melkonian, Michael, Melkonian, Barbara, Deyholos, Michael K., Leebens-Mack, James, Rothfels, Carl J., Stevenson, Dennis W., Graham, Sean W., Wang, Xumin, Wu, Shuangxiu, Pires, J. Chris, Edger, Patrick P., Carpenter, Eric J., Bacic, Antony, Doblin, Monika S., and Schultz, Carolyn J.

Published
2017

24. Paradise Sands

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

* Paradise Sands by Levi Pinfold; illus. by the author Primary, Intermediate Candlewick 40 pp. g 11/22 978-1-5362-1282-2 $18.99 Pinfold (The Black Dog, rev. 10/12) presents another surreal picture book, [...]

Published
2022

27. Concrete: From the Ground Up

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

* Concrete: From the Ground Up by Larissa Theule; illus. by Steve Light Primary Candlewick 48 pp. g 9/22 978-1-5362-1250-1 $18.99 Roads, bridges, basketball courts, skyscrapers--so much of our world [...]

Published
2022

28. The Woman Who Split the Atom: The Life of Lise Meitner

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

The Woman Who Split the Atom: The Life of Lise Meitner by Marissa Moss; illus. by the author Middle School, High School Abrams 264 pp. g 4/22 978-1-4197-5853-9 $19.99 e-book [...]

Published
2022

30. Pigeon & Cat

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

Pigeon & Cat by Edward Hemingway; illus. by the author Primary Ottaviano/Little, Brown 40 pp. g 6/22 978-0-316-31125-0 $17.99 A loner cat and an adventurous, outgoing bird are paired in [...]

Published
2022

31. Phylotranscriptomic analysis of the origin and early diversification of land plants

Author

Wickett, Norman J., Mirarab, Siavash, Nguyen, Nam, Warnow, Tandy, Carpenter, Eric, Matasci, Naim, Ayyampalayam, Saravanaraj, Barker, Michael S., Burleigh, J. Gordon, Gitzendanner, Matthew A., Ruhfel, Brad R., Wafula, Eric, Der, Joshua P., Graham, Sean W., Mathews, Sarah, Melkonian, Michael, Soltis, Douglas E., Soltis, Pamela S., Miles, Nicholas W., Rothfels, Carl J., Pokorny, Lisa, Shaw, A. Jonathan, DeGironimo, Lisa, Stevenson, Dennis W., Surek, Barbara, Villarreal, Juan Carlos, Roure, Béatrice, Philippe, Hervé, dePamphilis, Claude W., Chen, Tao, Deyholos, Michael K., Baucom, Regina S., Kutchan, Toni M., Augustin, Megan M., Wang, Jun, Zhang, Yong, Tian, Zhijian, Yan, Zhixiang, Wu, Xiaolei, Sun, Xiao, Wong, Gane Ka-Shu, and Leebens-Mack, James

Published
2014

35. No Major Schizophrenia Locus Detected on Chromosome 1q in a Large Multicenter Sample

Author

Levinson, Douglas F., Holmans, Peter A., Laurent, Claudine, Riley, Brien, Pulver, Ann E., Gejman, Pablo V., Schwab, Sibylle G., Williams, Nigel M., Owen, Michael J., Wildenauer, Dieter B., Sanders, Alan R., Nestadt, Gerald, Mowry, Bryan J., Wormley, Brandon, Bauché, Stéphanie, Soubigou, Stéphane, Ribble, Robert, Nertney, Deborah A., Liang, Kung Yee, Martinolich, Laura, Maier, Wolfgang, Norton, Nadine, Williams, Hywel, Albus, Margot, Carpenter, Eric B., deMarchi, Nicola, Ewen-White, Kelly R., Walsh, Dermot, Jay, Maurice, Deleuze, Jean-François, O'Neill, F. Anthony, Papadimitriou, George, Weilbaecher, Ann, Lerer, Bernard, O'Donovan, Michael C., Dikeos, Dimitris, Silverman, Jeremy M., Kendler, Kenneth S., Mallet, Jacques, Crowe, Raymond R., and Walters, Marilyn

Published
2002

36. Call Me Miss Hamilton: One Woman's Case for Equality and Respect

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
Gender equality, Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

Call Me Miss Hamilton: One Woman's Case for Equality and Respect by Carole Boston Weatherford; illus. by Jeffery Boston Weatherford Primary, Intermediate Millbrook 40 pp. g 2/22 978-1-5415-6040-6 $19.99 e-book [...]

Published
2022

37. The Legend of Gravity: A Tall Basketball Tale

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

* The Legend of Gravity: A Tall Basketball Tale by Charly Palmer; illus. by the author Primary Farrar 40 pp. g 1/22 978-0-374-31328-9 $18.99 Summer on the blacktop courts of [...]

Published
2022

38. Hanged!: Mary Surratt & the Plot to Assassinate Abraham Lincoln

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

Hanged!: Mary Surratt & the Plot to Assassinate Abraham Lincoln by Sarah Miller Middle School, High School Random House Studio/Random 352 pp. g 11/22 978-0-593-18156-0 $18.99 Library ed. 978-0-593-18157-7 $21.99 [...]

Published
2022

39. Copycat: Nature-Inspired Design Around the World

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

* Copycat: Nature-Inspired Design Around the World by Christy Hale; illus. by the author Primary Lee & Low 40 pp. g 9/22 978-1-64379-230-9 $20.95 e-book ed. 978-1-64379-474-7 $20.95 Hale (Water [...]

Published
2022

40. Horizontal transfer of an adaptive chimeric photoreceptor from bryophytes to ferns

Author

Li, Fay-Wei, Villarreal, Juan Carlos, Kelly, Steven, Rothfels, Carl J., Melkonian, Michael, Frangedakis, Eftychios, Ruhsam, Markus, Sigel, Erin M., Der, Joshua P., Pittermann, Jarmila, Burge, Dylan O., Pokorny, Lisa, Larsson, Anders, Chen, Tao, Weststrand, Stina, Thomas, Philip, Carpenter, Eric, Zhang, Yong, Tian, Zhijian, Li Chen, Yan, Zhixiang, Zhu, Ying, Sun, Xiao, Wang, Jun, Stevenson, Dennis W., Crandall-Stotler, Barbara J., Shaw, A. Jonathan, Deyholos, Michael K., Soltis, Douglas E., Graham, Sean W., Windham, Michael D., Langdale, Jane A., Wong, Gane Ka-Shu, Mathews, Sarah, and Pryer, Kathleen M.

Published
2014

42. Differential Treatment of Sexual Assault Cases by US Army Law Enforcement Personnel.

Author

Carpenter, Eric R.

Subjects
HOMICIDE, SCIENTIFIC observation, ASSAULT & battery, CRIME, DOMESTIC violence, SEX crimes, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ODDS ratio, POLICE
Abstract

Using data received through the Freedom of Information Act, this observational study explores whether Army law enforcement personnel do not find probable cause in sexual assault cases at higher rates than in other serious crimes. The study compares sexual assaults, homicides, robberies, and assaults in the Army from 2008 to 2014 and July 2015 to 2017. For the first period, the study finds that the odds are 5.30 times greater that Army law enforcement will not find probable cause in a sexual assault case when compared to other crimes, and for the second period the odds are 4.39 times greater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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43. Differential Treatment of Sexual Assault Cases by US Army Law Enforcement Personnel

Author

Carpenter, Eric and Carpenter, Eric

Abstract

Using data received through the Freedom of Information Act, this observational study explores whether Army law enforcement personnel do not find probable cause in sexual assault cases at higher rates than in other serious crimes. The study compares sexual assaults, homicides, robberies, and assaults in the Army from 2008 to 2014 and July 2015 to 2017. For the first period, the study finds that the odds are 5.30 times greater that Army law enforcement will not find probable cause in a sexual assault case when compared to other crimes, and for the second period the odds are 4.39 times greater.

Published
2022

44. The effect of changing the military’s sexual assault laws on law enforcement investigative findings in the U.S. Army

Author

Carpenter, Eric and Carpenter, Eric

Abstract

Objective: In 2007, Congress changed the military’s sexual assault laws as part of an effort to improve sexual assault case processing. This study looked at the U.S. Army law enforcement investigative finding for every sexual assault reported to the Army from 2004 through June 2012, along with every nonsexual assault. Our objective was to measure whether the legal intervention affected the investigative findings made by Army law enforcement officers in sexual assault cases (penetrative, nonpenetrative, and combined) as compared to assault cases (aggravated, simple, and combined). Hypotheses: We hypothesized that we would not find evidence that the legal intervention affected the rate of sexual assault cases labeled as “founded” by Army law enforcement, such that for the best-fitting time-series models, any difference in the residuals of the means before and after the intervention would not be statistically significant. Method: We received data from the U.S. Army on all sexual assaults and nonsexual assaults from 2004 through June 2012. The data comprised 47,058 observations. We used time-series analysis with autoregressive integrated moving average modeling. The variable tracked over time was the ratio of the proportion of founded sexual assault cases to the proportion of founded nonsexual assault cases. We then conducted t tests of the means of the residuals before and after the legal intervention. Results: The difference in the means of the residuals before and after the intervention was not statistically significant for combined sexual assaults versus combined assaults, penetrative sexual assaults versus aggravated assaults, or nonpenetrative sexual assaults versus simple assaults. Conclusions: This reform to sexual assault laws does not appear to have affected sexual assault case processing by U.S. Army law enforcement.

Published
2022

45. Normative Words and the Fundamental Limits of Rape Law Reform

Author

Carpenter, Eric and Carpenter, Eric

Abstract

Most rapists will not be held accountable. For every 100 forcible rapes, less than six offenders will be convicted. Since the 1970s, legislatures have been reforming sexual assault laws to hold more offenders accountable, but as I show with a comprehensive review of the research, the reforms do not appear to have worked. I then bring together social science, law, and practice to argue that this is because normative words in the law allow rape myths to enter the legal system. These words existed in the pre-reform laws and still exist in the post-reform law. They remain within the consent element (which is governed by the Confrontation Clause) and the mistake of fact defense (which is governed by the Due Process Clause). Both the Confrontation Clause and the Due Process Clause are fundamentally normative and fundamentally fixed, so normative words will always be in rape law and will always serve as a potential entry point for bias. Faced with these fundamental limits on rape law reform, I provide recommendations for reforms that may help keep some bias from entering the legal system and conclude that the way to improve case processing is to ensure that law enforcement and prosecutors operate free of inaccurate generalizations about rape.

Published
2022

46. Mambo Mucho Mambo!: The Dance That Crossed Color Lines

Author

Carpenter, Eric

Subjects
Literature/writing, Publishing industry
Abstract

!Mambo Mucho Mambo!: The Dance That Crossed Color Lines by Dean Robbins; illus. by Eric Velasquez Primary Candlewick 40 pp. g 10/21 978-1-5362-0608-1 $17.99 In 1948 at New York City's [...]

Published
2021

47. Genetically encoded multivalent liquid glycan array displayed on M13 bacteriophage

Author

Sojitra, Mirat, primary, Sarkar, Susmita, additional, Maghera, Jasmine, additional, Schmidt, Edward N., additional, Rodrigues, Emily, additional, Carpenter, Eric J., additional, Seth, Shaurya, additional, Vinals, Daniel F., additional, Bennett, Nicholas J., additional, Reddy, Revathi, additional, Khalil, Amira, additional, Xue, Xiaochao, additional, Bell, Michael R., additional, Zheng, Ruixiang B., additional, Zhang, Ping, additional, Nycholat, Corwin, additional, Bailey, Justin J., additional, Ling, Chang‐Chun, additional, Lowary, Todd L., additional, Paulson, James C., additional, Macauley, Matthew S., additional, and Derda, Ratmir, additional

Published
2022
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48. Isolation of a Human Betaretrovirus from Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Author

Goubran, Mariam, primary, Wang, Weiwei, additional, Indik, Stanislav, additional, Faschinger, Alexander, additional, Wasilenko, Shawn T., additional, Bintner, Jasper, additional, Carpenter, Eric J., additional, Zhang, Guangzhi, additional, Nuin, Paulo, additional, Macintyre, Georgina, additional, Wong, Gane K.-S., additional, and Mason, Andrew L., additional

Published
2022
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49. The Tactical Games Model Sport Experience: An Examination of Student Motivation and Game Performance during an Ultimate Frisbee Unit

Author

Carpenter, Eric J.

Abstract

Students benefit from positive sport experiences in physical education. If designed well, sport provides a social avenue for physical activity and strengthens student achievement in psychomotor (e.g., motor skill), cognitive (e.g., decision-making), and affective (e.g., personal and social responsibility) learning domains. Unfortunately, not all students receive quality sport instruction and many students fail to have positive sport experiences in physical education. The Tactical Games Model (TGM, Griffin, Mitchell, & Oslin, 1997) is an instructional model focused on improving student sport experiences. As a constructivist approach to teaching and learning sport, TGM reshapes sport lessons to allow students to experience small-sided games (Game 1), think critically about games playing (Q & A), practice aspects of playing (Situated Practice), and show improvement in games playing (Game 2). TGM literature includes practitioner reports about involvement (Berkowitz, 1996) and findings that show measures of game performance (e.g., skill execution, decision-making) during a TGM sport unit (Allison & Thorpe, 1997; Turner & Martinek, 1999). Limited data is available to explain how the constructivist nature of TGM influences motivation (Griffin & Patton, 2005; Rink, 2001). The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine motivation using situational interest theory (Chen, Darst, & Pangrazi, 1999; Mitchell, 1993) to interpret participant-learning situation (Game 1, Q & A, Practice, and Game 2) experiences during an eight-day TGM Ultimate Frisbee unit. The researcher acted as teacher-researcher and participants were 15 fifth graders (assigned to heterogeneous teams) and Mia, the regular physical education teacher and participant-observer. Data were collected using surveys, learning situation questionnaires, interviews, and systematic observations using the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI, Oslin, Mitchell, & Griffin, 1998). Data analysis incorporated open and axial coding (Strauss & Corbin, 1998), theoretical comparisons (Strauss & Corbin, 1998), and concept mapping (Rossman & Rallis, 2003). Findings show that participants': (a) participated in daily lessons regardless of gender, goal orientation, skill/effort level, and personal interest in Ultimate, (b) were excited to play games (Game 1, Game 2) because they wanted to move, liked Ultimate, and/or wanted to assess skills/playing, (c) required challenging conditions, positive competition, and/or individual/team success in order to have a positive participant-games playing experience, (d) entered Q & A and Practice expecting to learn something new, (e) stayed interested in Q & A if they received answers, learned facts/rules, and/or felt the discussion helped team, (f) remained involved in Practice if team worked well, task was fun, and/or they learned skill/strategy, and (g) perceived improvements in games playing (e.g., throwing). Mia concluded that participants: (a) were motivated to play, (b) were involved in the different learning situations, and (c) improved games playing during the unit. GPAI scores confirmed that participants. improved at least one area of game performance (e.g., skill execution-passing) between Day 3 (week 1) and Day 7 (week 2). [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2010

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