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Bluetongue is an infectious, non-contagious, vector-transmitted viral disease affecting domestic ruminants (sheep, goats, cattle) and wild (buffaloes, deer, several species of African antelopes and other species of the Artiodactyla order). The economic importance of the disease lies in the important economic losses following the decrease in the productive capacity of the animals, mortality and fetal malformations, immunization costs of the receptive animals, trade restrictions, reduction of the economic recovery price of the receptive animals and products thereof. Our study aimed at identifying by virological examinations the presence and circulation of BLA virus in the SE region of Romania. For viral isolation and identification were used blood samples collected from domestic ruminants in the counties: Galati, Braila, Tulcea and Vrancea. According to the working chart of the BT Diagnostic Manual (LNR Arboviroze Bucharest), the samples collected from suspect animals were processed and tested by RT-PCR. In the period 2015-2016, 517 blood samples with anticoagulant from 282 cattle and 235 sheep suspected of Bluetongue were tested for the identification of the viral genome by RT-PCR technique. There were no suspicions of Bluetongue disease in goats in the counties included in the study. In bovines in the SE of Romania, the viral genome was identified in 171 (60.64%) blood samples with anticoagulant. In sheep in the SE of Romania, the viral genome was identified in 209 (88.93%) blood samples with anticoagulant. Most positive samples confirmed by the detection of the BT viral genome came from Vrancea, both in cattle (161 positive samples) and in sheep (209 positive samples). Because of the pathogenicity, bluetongue virus infection can not be diagnosed for a certain period of time, the period in which the disease may exist and evolve, the infected animals being sources of infection for vectoric culicoid insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutation of the CFTR gene. In Romania, CF disease has an estimated a prevalence of 1 case per 2500 live births. Approximately 50% of children die in early life, so the exact number of CF patients in our country remains unknown as no national patient registry exists. This situation has limited our knowledge about the disease progression. Complicated with P. aeruginosa leads to long progressive diseases and often aggravates morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to phenotypically identify the P. aeruginosa strains, according to their antibiotic susceptibility profile in order to administer more precisely the antibiotics and to avoid development of multidrugresistant strains. After the diagnosis of CF, the patients return to a medical control at every 3 months. The sputum samples are collected from these patients, in order to perform the bacteriological examination and the DST test. This study was performed during 1 year (01.01-31.12.2015), and all the sputum samples were cultivated on usual and on special culture media to establish more precisely the type of isolated bacteria. The confirmation was performed using the API 20 NE biochemical test and classified in resistance phenotypes according to CLSI 2015 standards. The study population was represented by 85 infants with CF, from which we isolated 364 bacterial strains. 10.16% of the total bacterial strains were represented by P. aeruginosa. A major problem represents the repeated antibiotic treatments, this being favourable for the emergence of resistant strains. Antibiotic resistance is currently one of the most important problems faced by clinicians (Moskowitz et al., 2004). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of P. aeruginosa were identified in this study and we highlighted that this strains limits the antimicrobial treatment and is shortening the patient's life (9). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The community of medical veterinarians and humans draw attention to the microorganisms with potential pathogens that are both common and multiresistant to the latest antibiotics. Bacteria common to both animals and people favor the cross transmission of these strains with a major public health risk. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a motile, nonfermenting Gram-negative bacterium, is an important opportunistic animal and human pathogen that causes acute and chronic infections in immunocompromised patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has acquired several mechanisms of resistance to multiple groups of antibiotic agents. The isolation and identification of Ps. aeruginosa producing ESBL and MBL may often be challenging to microbiology laboratories, the level of expression of β-lactamases and MBL can affect the performance of phenotypic tests, and the lack of synergy might be due to a very high level of expression overcoming the effect of the inhibitors resulting in falsenegative results. Ps. aeruginosa from different purulent collections has an atypical appearance, even a specific pigment that is not present for all the strains. These investigations are part of a larger research study, aimed at highlighting the strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa common resistance genes in humans and animals. In this study, 93 Ps. aeruginosa strains were collected from pediatric patients. In order to establish resistance, profiling samples were isolated and identified for the production of βlactamase medium Brilliance ESBL AGAR (Oxoid) and for the production of MBL was tested Imipenem with EDTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The animals producing food have become an increasing reservoir of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae. The calves and cows are exposed to a greater quantity of antibiotics, but the data concerning the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are not enough, in comparison with other species of animals used for human consumption, such as birds (Hordijk et al., 2013). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli involved in some episodes of colibacilosis in calves. Faeces samples were collected from 33 calves with the age ranging between 1-2 weeks and that presented clinical signs of colibacilosis. The samples were collected in a sterile medium for the taxonomic isolation and identification of the etiological agent involved, the ESBL screening being conducted subsequently using the ESBL Agar Oxoid Brilliance chromogenic medium. The phenotypic confirmation of the ESBL-producing strains was conducted in accordance with the CLSI (2014) standard through the combined disc method. Following the tests conducted, out of the 33 strains of isolated E. coli, 9 (27, 27%) were phenotypically confirmed as being ESBL strains. The studies that were previously conducted on the dairy farms have pointed out that the young calves rapidly acquire bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics that are often ESBL strains (Hordijk et al., 2013). The prevalence obtained by us, as well as an insufficient quantity of information concerning the antimicrobial resistance on this segment of species of animals used for the human consumption, support conducting a more thorough study, as well as the identification of ESBL resistance genes, but also of the plasmids that encode the transmission of these genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feline infectious peritonitis is an infectious fatal disease of cats, caused by feline infectious peronitis virus (FIPV), a variety of feline enteric coronavirus that has undergone a mutation. Research has been conducted on a total of 24 cat breeds and ages, 22 with clinical signs of wet form of feline infectious peritonitis, and 2 suspected of dry form. Using RT-PCR the coronavirus was identified only in 10 (7 were females and 3 males.) of the14 ascites fluid. The cats presented progressive weakness, recurrent fever, difficulty in breathing, icteric mucous membranes, abdominal cavity fluid, chronic diarrhea, dyspnea, chronic nephritis, hepatosis, gastritis, pleuropneumonia and, rarely, in dry form, severe uveitis. Following necropsy, large amount of ascites fluid in the abdominal cavity, organs covered with fibrin, increased volume of mesenteric lymph node, spleen, liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increased frequency of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains isolated from infectious processes, a constant analysis of their sensitivities to the antibiotics currently used in therapy is required. The aim was to follow the evolution of the resistance phenomena for Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a current concern for clinicians and epidemiologists due to the intrinsic resistance to several classes of antibiotics, acquiring resistance and limiting therapeutic actions. It is a microorganism of major importance in the nosocomial infections developed both in the human and veterinary spaces. The tests were part of a more extensive study which was aimed at the correlating, identifying common resistance profile of P. aeruginosa strains of human and animal originated. Considering the pathogenic action of this bacterial species both for humans and animals, the data obtained can support the establishment of a mutual strategy to prevent and combat the action of strains having multiple resistance to antibiotics. Efflux transporters have a considerable role in the multidrug resistance (MDR) of P. aeruginosa, an important nosocomial pathogen. The lack of some antibiotics, active towards P. aeruginosa, makes the control of infection the most important measure against the MDR- P. aeruginosa strains. The study batch included strains of P. aeruginosa, out of which only the antibiotic-resistant strains, 61 strains respectively, were selected for the phenotypic characterization in fluoroquinolones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This aim of this paper is to evaluate the presence of Coronavirus in cat faeces and blood samples in order to establish the carriers and eliminators of this virus. The great importance of this carrier state consists in the fact that the cats, specially the ones from the holdhouses and from the owners that have at list two cats in the same house, because the coronavirus is highly contagious, but also can suffer mutations and transformation in feline infectious peritonitis virus which is lethal. We analysed samples from 30 healthy and with clinical signs cats and we observed that the virus was identified only in 4 faces samples using molecular methods like viral ARN extraction and amplification using RT- PCR method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of β - lactam antibiotics is of utmost importance in medical practice. The natural resistance of Ps. aeruginosa strains to β-lactamases is important for clinical reasons, however, acquired resistance is very common (Pilly et al., 2006). Acquired resistance comprises either enzymatic mechanisms or non-enzymatic ones (Strateva T et al., 2009) The aims it is to identifying β-lactam profiles of resistance to Ps. aeruginosa strains and the last objective of this study is to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the VITEK-2 Compact (Biome'rieux) automated identification and susceptibility testing system. The batch studied included 793 multi-resistant strains of Ps. aeruginosa, which were isolated from the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases in Iaşi during 2013 - 2014, the isolates being taken from sputa, urine, pus and blood. Those isolates have passed susceptibility test that resistant to one or more antibiotic from third generation cephalosporin and/or resistant to aztreonam and/or intermediate or resistant to one or more antibiotic from carbapenem class. The results were interpreted with the help of the Vitek2 system, 61 beta-lactam resistance profiles being defined. Sputum is the primary source of isolates with almost 60%, the rest are from other sources i.e. urine, pus, blood, etc. As a result of the investigations we carried out, out of the total of 793 strains isolated and identified as multi-resistant Ps. aeruginosa, 61 strains were confirmed as having beta-lactam resistance profile. The result of this study confirmed that anyone could be infected by p- lactams resistance profile regardless their age, gender, and clinical manifestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]