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Listeria monocytogenes reprezintă un pericol important pentru sănătatea omului, producând listerioza, o toxiinfecţie alimentară atipică, cu o rată de mortalitate ridicată. Scopul acestui studiu a fost detecţia şi serotipizarea tulpinilor de Listeria monocytogenes izolate din unele produse alimentare (de origine animală şi vegetală), în perioada 2011. Detecţia tulpinilor de Listeria monocytogenes s-a realizat prin metoda orizontală ISO 11290- 1-A1/2004, iar confirmarea s-a realizat prin tehnica PCR real-time. Pentru caracterizarea serotipurilor de Listeria monocytogenes, s-au dezvoltat numeroase tehnici de subtipizare. Serotipizarea prin metoda tradiţională nu permite caracterizarea subtipurilor, însă este metoda universală ce oferă informaţii privind prevalenţa serotipurilor. Confirmarea tulpinilor de Listeria monocytogenes s-a realizat prin tehnica TaqMan real-time PCR, utilizându-se kit-ul TaqMan Pathogen Detection Kits (Applied Biosystems). Această metodă foloseşte primeri specifici şi o sondă nucleotidică pentru Listeria monocytogenes. În urma studiului, din 260 de probe, 25 (9,61%) au fost pozitive pentru Listeria monocytogenes prin metoda clasică şi doar 22 (8,46%) au fost confirmate prin PCR real-time. Rezultatele obţinute indică o eficienţă mai mare a metodei PCR real-time, într-un timp mult mai scurt, comparativ cu metoda clasică, care poate furniza rezultate fals pozitive. Patru serotipuri diferite de Listeria monocytogenes au fost identificate în nouă tipuri de produse alimentare: 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c şi 4b

Bluethonge has a significant economic impact, mainly due to the effect of the disease on animals (morbidity, mortality, reproductive insufficiency, reducced of milk production and animal weakening) and, in particular, disruption of international trade in animals and animal products. In the South-East region of Romania, in the period 2014-2017, animals with clinical signs specific to Bluetongue virus were identified.1437 domestic ruminants with a suspected disease were examined. Of these, 418 (29,08%) had clinical features similar to those of Bluetongue. The incidence of clinical signs in animals with suspected disease varied by species. Thus, the clinical aspects were present in 22,21% cattle, 68,21% sheep and 1,54% goats. Following clinical examination, the simultaneous presence of several clinical signs specific for Bluetongue virus infection was observed in cattle and sheep. In cattle, the incidence of clinical signs was variable, most frequently reported conjunctival mucosal hyperemia, epiphora, sialorrhea, gingival ulceration, swelling and cyanosis of the tongue, nasal edema with ulcerations of the nasal mucosa and muco-purulent jet, circumcised necrosis at the level of the udder, accentuated weakening, congestion of the coronary area, torticollis, digestive disorders, exongulations and inability to move. The pathogenesis of Bluetongue is similar in cattle and sheep, so that the clinical evolution was similar in the two species. In goats, the disease evolved inapparently or with diminished clinical expressions: prostate condition, mucopurulent discharge, edema and nasal ulcers, cyanosis of the mucous membranes, curls and limping. In addition to the immediate losses, the onset of the disease can generate long-term effects, which can decisively affect the Romanian animal breeding sector. The ease with which the Bluetongue disease has spread, shows that the territory of Romania is affected by climate change caused by global warming, which allowed the transmitting vectors to proliferate and spread the Bluetongue virus to the receptive animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the veterinary practice, establishing the etiological diagnosis represents the quintessence of the antiinfectious therapy. The final diagnosis based on the correctness of the laboratory results and the microbiological examination, together with the hematological, immunological, histopathological, etc., has a major role in getting the right therapeutic protocol. In the current context, characterized by a wide etiological variety of infections, it is necessary to identify and test the sensitivity to antibiotics of pathogens isolated from different biological samples. The present study of the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Iași presents the results obtained on various strains isolated from dogs and cats with different diseases during 2017-2018. The tests performed on of 83 microbiological samples (otic, pharyngeal, cutaneous and conjunctival secretions, urine, feces, etc.) identified 107 aerobic and anaerobic bacterial strains, classified into 20 bacterial genera. The most commonly isolated aerobic bacterial species were: Staphylococcus pseudointermedius (27.10%), Streptococcus sp.gr.G (8.41), Enterococcus faecalis (4.67%), Streptococcus sp. gr.C (3.73%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.60%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.80%). The most commonly isolated anaerobic bacterial species were: Clostridium perfringens (9.35%), Campylobacter sp. (1.87%).The results of the antibiograms revealed a wide variability of sensitivity and resistance of the isolated strains to the antibiotics, most of them being multiple drug resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bluetongue is an infectious, non-contagious, vector-transmitted viral disease affecting domestic ruminants (sheep, goats, cattle) and wild (buffaloes, deer, several species of African antelopes and other species of the Artiodactyla order). The economic importance of the disease lies in the important economic losses following the decrease in the productive capacity of the animals, mortality and fetal malformations, immunization costs of the receptive animals, trade restrictions, reduction of the economic recovery price of the receptive animals and products thereof. Our study aimed at identifying by virological examinations the presence and circulation of BLA virus in the SE region of Romania. For viral isolation and identification were used blood samples collected from domestic ruminants in the counties: Galati, Braila, Tulcea and Vrancea. According to the working chart of the BT Diagnostic Manual (LNR Arboviroze Bucharest), the samples collected from suspect animals were processed and tested by RT-PCR. In the period 2015-2016, 517 blood samples with anticoagulant from 282 cattle and 235 sheep suspected of Bluetongue were tested for the identification of the viral genome by RT-PCR technique. There were no suspicions of Bluetongue disease in goats in the counties included in the study. In bovines in the SE of Romania, the viral genome was identified in 171 (60.64%) blood samples with anticoagulant. In sheep in the SE of Romania, the viral genome was identified in 209 (88.93%) blood samples with anticoagulant. Most positive samples confirmed by the detection of the BT viral genome came from Vrancea, both in cattle (161 positive samples) and in sheep (209 positive samples). Because of the pathogenicity, bluetongue virus infection can not be diagnosed for a certain period of time, the period in which the disease may exist and evolve, the infected animals being sources of infection for vectoric culicoid insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clostridium perfringens is a commensal of the human and animal intestines. The toxigenic strains of this bacterial species are responsible for some enteral diseases in humans and domestic animals. In dogs, hemorrhagic enteritis produced by Clostridium perfringens are sporadic but have a severe progression-restricted progression. In the year 2018, 9 faeces samples were taken from dewormed dogs, vaccinated but with enteritis and associated toxic conditions (vomiting, lethargy, diminished appetite) that started suddenly without any other clinical history. Based on the anamnesis, it excluded the risk of chemical poisoning. Faeces samples were subjected to the microbiological exam. The bacterioscopic examination in Gram stained smears was predominantly Gram positive bacilli with morphology and characteristic disposition for Clostridium sp and no specific morphological phenotypes for spirochetes or protozoa were identified. The samples were incubated at 37° C, under anaerobic conditions, on liquid culture media (bullion VL) and solids (Clostridium agar, SPS agar) and under aerobic conditions on culture media for aerobic bacteria (nutrient broth, blood agar) (E. coli, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Campylobacter sp., Yersinia sp., Serpulina sp., Vibrio sp., etc.) which can trigger enteritis in dogs. Following the bacteriological examination, strains of Clostridium sp. Biochemical tests have included the species as Clostridium perfrigens. The clinical progression in the 9 patients was different: 6 dogs responded to antibiotic therapy, recommended on the basis of the antibiotic, and 3 dogs died within 48 hours before a treatment was instituted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutation of the CFTR gene. In Romania, CF disease has an estimated a prevalence of 1 case per 2500 live births. Approximately 50% of children die in early life, so the exact number of CF patients in our country remains unknown as no national patient registry exists. This situation has limited our knowledge about the disease progression. Complicated with P. aeruginosa leads to long progressive diseases and often aggravates morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to phenotypically identify the P. aeruginosa strains, according to their antibiotic susceptibility profile in order to administer more precisely the antibiotics and to avoid development of multidrugresistant strains. After the diagnosis of CF, the patients return to a medical control at every 3 months. The sputum samples are collected from these patients, in order to perform the bacteriological examination and the DST test. This study was performed during 1 year (01.01-31.12.2015), and all the sputum samples were cultivated on usual and on special culture media to establish more precisely the type of isolated bacteria. The confirmation was performed using the API 20 NE biochemical test and classified in resistance phenotypes according to CLSI 2015 standards. The study population was represented by 85 infants with CF, from which we isolated 364 bacterial strains. 10.16% of the total bacterial strains were represented by P. aeruginosa. A major problem represents the repeated antibiotic treatments, this being favourable for the emergence of resistant strains. Antibiotic resistance is currently one of the most important problems faced by clinicians (Moskowitz et al., 2004). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of P. aeruginosa were identified in this study and we highlighted that this strains limits the antimicrobial treatment and is shortening the patient's life (9). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The community of medical veterinarians and humans draw attention to the microorganisms with potential pathogens that are both common and multiresistant to the latest antibiotics. Bacteria common to both animals and people favor the cross transmission of these strains with a major public health risk. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a motile, nonfermenting Gram-negative bacterium, is an important opportunistic animal and human pathogen that causes acute and chronic infections in immunocompromised patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has acquired several mechanisms of resistance to multiple groups of antibiotic agents. The isolation and identification of Ps. aeruginosa producing ESBL and MBL may often be challenging to microbiology laboratories, the level of expression of β-lactamases and MBL can affect the performance of phenotypic tests, and the lack of synergy might be due to a very high level of expression overcoming the effect of the inhibitors resulting in falsenegative results. Ps. aeruginosa from different purulent collections has an atypical appearance, even a specific pigment that is not present for all the strains. These investigations are part of a larger research study, aimed at highlighting the strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa common resistance genes in humans and animals. In this study, 93 Ps. aeruginosa strains were collected from pediatric patients. In order to establish resistance, profiling samples were isolated and identified for the production of βlactamase medium Brilliance ESBL AGAR (Oxoid) and for the production of MBL was tested Imipenem with EDTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increased frequency of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains isolated from infectious processes, a constant analysis of their sensitivities to the antibiotics currently used in therapy is required. The aim was to follow the evolution of the resistance phenomena for Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a current concern for clinicians and epidemiologists due to the intrinsic resistance to several classes of antibiotics, acquiring resistance and limiting therapeutic actions. It is a microorganism of major importance in the nosocomial infections developed both in the human and veterinary spaces. The tests were part of a more extensive study which was aimed at the correlating, identifying common resistance profile of P. aeruginosa strains of human and animal originated. Considering the pathogenic action of this bacterial species both for humans and animals, the data obtained can support the establishment of a mutual strategy to prevent and combat the action of strains having multiple resistance to antibiotics. Efflux transporters have a considerable role in the multidrug resistance (MDR) of P. aeruginosa, an important nosocomial pathogen. The lack of some antibiotics, active towards P. aeruginosa, makes the control of infection the most important measure against the MDR- P. aeruginosa strains. The study batch included strains of P. aeruginosa, out of which only the antibiotic-resistant strains, 61 strains respectively, were selected for the phenotypic characterization in fluoroquinolones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This aim of this paper is to evaluate the presence of Coronavirus in cat faeces and blood samples in order to establish the carriers and eliminators of this virus. The great importance of this carrier state consists in the fact that the cats, specially the ones from the holdhouses and from the owners that have at list two cats in the same house, because the coronavirus is highly contagious, but also can suffer mutations and transformation in feline infectious peritonitis virus which is lethal. We analysed samples from 30 healthy and with clinical signs cats and we observed that the virus was identified only in 4 faces samples using molecular methods like viral ARN extraction and amplification using RT- PCR method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of β - lactam antibiotics is of utmost importance in medical practice. The natural resistance of Ps. aeruginosa strains to β-lactamases is important for clinical reasons, however, acquired resistance is very common (Pilly et al., 2006). Acquired resistance comprises either enzymatic mechanisms or non-enzymatic ones (Strateva T et al., 2009) The aims it is to identifying β-lactam profiles of resistance to Ps. aeruginosa strains and the last objective of this study is to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the VITEK-2 Compact (Biome'rieux) automated identification and susceptibility testing system. The batch studied included 793 multi-resistant strains of Ps. aeruginosa, which were isolated from the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases in Iaşi during 2013 - 2014, the isolates being taken from sputa, urine, pus and blood. Those isolates have passed susceptibility test that resistant to one or more antibiotic from third generation cephalosporin and/or resistant to aztreonam and/or intermediate or resistant to one or more antibiotic from carbapenem class. The results were interpreted with the help of the Vitek2 system, 61 beta-lactam resistance profiles being defined. Sputum is the primary source of isolates with almost 60%, the rest are from other sources i.e. urine, pus, blood, etc. As a result of the investigations we carried out, out of the total of 793 strains isolated and identified as multi-resistant Ps. aeruginosa, 61 strains were confirmed as having beta-lactam resistance profile. The result of this study confirmed that anyone could be infected by p- lactams resistance profile regardless their age, gender, and clinical manifestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]