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Wooclap est une application en ligne qui permet de créer des questionnaires interactifs où les auditeurs peuvent répondre, en temps réel, depuis leur ordinateur ou leur smartphone. Il permet plusieurs usages : Dynamiser un cours magistral et mesurer le niveau de compréhension des étudiants ; Créer des présentations ou des exposés interactifs. Dans cet atelier, vous pourrez : Découvrir Wooclap du point de vue étudiant. Créer un questionnaire. Insérer des questions Wooclap dans un Powerpoint.

L’enquête a pris pour point de départ une figure familière aux habitants du quartier de la place Navone, la célèbre statue parlante de Pasquino. Dès sa découverte à la Renaissance et jusqu’à nos jours, ce marbre antique est devenu le lieu d’affichage d’épigrammes et d’autres formes d’expression écrite à l’encontre des autorités religieuses et politiques, les « pasquinades ». A partir de ce cas spécifique dont la renommée à l’époque moderne est singulière, l’enquête s’est vite élargie à l’ensemble des manifestations illicites dont les statues ont été le réceptacle depuis l’Antiquité, mais aussi plus largement aux divers signes et manifestations qui leur ont été attribuées, sans négliger le lien unissant la statue elle-même, dès sa conception ou son installation dans un lieu public, et le texte qui l’accompagne officiellement. L’image statuaire, par la vie et les paroles qu’on lui prête, devient alors le lieu d’une expression revendicative, voire d’une contestation violente. Pour en finir avec les forces qu’elle déploie ou qui s’affrontent dans la représentation elle-même, il n’y a qu’un pas à franchir, lorsque la conjoncture s’offre aux manifestations brutales : la destruction ou la mutilation de l’objet lui-même. Ainsi les mécanismes à l’œuvre pour « faire parler » une statue portent-ils toujours en eux le risque de les « faire taire » un jour. Les travaux réunis dans le présent volume – centrés sur le monde gréco-romain, ils s’ouvrent à d’autres contextes et d’autres périodes - appartiennent donc aux deux volets indissociables d’un même effort d’explicitation, depuis la naissance de l’Ecriture jusqu’à l’âge de la médiatisation planétaire.

Establishing consistent relationships between neural activity and behavior is a challenge in human cognitive neuroscience research. We addressed this issue using variable time constraints in an oddball frequency-sweep design for visual discrimination of complex images (face exemplars). Sixteen participants viewed sequences of ascending presentation durations, from 25 to 333 ms (40–3 Hz stimulation rate) while their electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Throughout each sequence, the same unfamiliar face picture was repeated with variable size and luminance changes while different unfamiliar facial identities appeared every 1 s (1 Hz). A neural face individuation response, tagged at 1 Hz and its unique harmonics, emerged over the occipito-temporal cortex at 50 ms stimulus duration (25–100 ms across individuals), with an optimal response reached at 170 ms stimulus duration. In a subsequent experiment, identity changes appeared non-periodically within fixed-frequency sequences while the same participants performed an explicit face individuation task. The behavioral face individuation response also emerged at 50 ms presentation time, and behavioral accuracy correlated with individual participants’ neural response amplitude in a weighted middle stimulus duration range (50–125 ms). Moreover, the latency of the neural response peaking between 180 and 200 ms correlated strongly with individuals’ behavioral accuracy in this middle duration range, as measured independently. These observations point to the minimal (50 ms) and optimal (170 ms) stimulus durations for human face individuation and provide novel evidence that inter-individual differences in the magnitude and latency of early, high-level neural responses are predictive of behavioral differences in performance at this function.

Global circumferential strain (GCS) and global radial strain (GRS) are reduced with cytotoxic chemotherapy. There are limited data on the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) myocarditis on GCS and GRS.This study aimed to detail the role of GCS and GRS in ICI myocarditis.In this retrospective study, GCS and GRS from 75 cases of patients with ICI myocarditis and 50 ICI-treated patients without myocarditis (controls) were compared. Pre-ICI GCS and GRS were available for 12 cases and 50 controls. Measurements were performed in a core laboratory blinded to group and time. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were defined as a composite of cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, complete heart block, and cardiac death.Cases and controls were similar in age (66 ± 15 years vs 63 ± 12 years; P = 0.20), sex (male: 73% vs 61%; P = 0.20) and cancer type (P = 0.08). Pre-ICI GCS and GRS were also similar (GCS: 22.6% ± 3.4% vs 23.5% ± 3.8%; P = 0.14; GRS: 45.5% ± 6.2% vs 43.6% ± 8.8%; P = 0.24). Overall, 56% (n=42) of patients with myocarditis presented with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). GCS and GRS were lower in myocarditis compared with on-ICI controls (GCS: 17.5% ± 4.2% vs 23.6% ± 3.0%; P< 0.001; GRS: 28.6% ± 6.7% vs 47.0% ± 7.4%; P< 0.001). Over a median follow-up of 30days, 28 cardiovascular events occurred. A GCS (HR: 4.9 [95%CI: 1.6-15.0]; P = 0.005) and GRS (HR: 3.9 [95%CI: 1.4-10.8]; P = 0.008) below the median was associated with an increased event rate. In receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves, GCS (AUC: 0.80 [95%CI: 0.70-0.91]) and GRS (AUC: 0.76 [95%CI: 0.64-0.88]) showed better performance than cardiac troponin T (cTnT) (AUC: 0.70 [95%CI: 0.58-0.82]), LVEF (AUC: 0.69 [95%CI: 0.56-0.81]), and age (AUC: 0.54 [95%CI: 0.40-0.68]). Net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement demonstrated incremental prognostic utility of GRS over LVEF (P = 0.04) and GCS over cTnT (P = 0.002).GCS and GRS are lower in ICI myocarditis, and the magnitude of reduction has prognostic significance.

We describe the case of a 54-year-old woman admitted to the cardiology ward for the correction of radiation-induced aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease. After careful workup, she underwent surgical aortic valve replacement and aortocoronary bypass with venous grafts. This case demonstrates the late cardiovascular complications that can develop after radiation therapy for cancer, and the surgical complexity of these patients. Thorough workup is needed for the treatment of radiation-induced valvulopathy and coronary artery disease, as these patients are often poor surgical candidates with hostile chests. Multidisciplinary heart-team assessment is paramount, and consideration should be given to catheter-based approaches.

Cet ouvrage rassemble les communications de deux rencontres consacrées aux « statues parlantes » qui furent organisées à l’École française de Rome le 5 juillet 2010 et les 18 et 19 mars 2011. Elles sont nées des recherches menées sur l’histoire et la topographie de la Place Navone, dans le cadre d’un programme d’étude. Suivant la proposition de Y. Rivière, directeur de la section Antiquité de l’École française de Rome, cette étude a intégré l’analyse d’une statue an- tique, baptisée le Pasqui...

International audience; A side effect of high level waste vitrification at 1100°C is the volatilization of radioactive cesium (Cs), recaptured further on in the process as a solid aerosol by a dust scrubber. Feedback from industry suggests that Cs combines with technetium (Tc) █ simulated here by rhenium (Re), chosen for its similar behavior █ to form volatile species. This work characterized Cs volatilization and aerosol formation. The first experiment involved elaborating and analyzing a simplified glass enriched with Cs and Re, which reinforce the volatilization phenomena. The results showed that a demixed liquid phase rich in Cs, Re, Mo, and Na formed in the liquid melt, which is reminiscent of a molybdic phase evoked in the literature. Moreover, analyzing the condensed gases led to the conclusion that the alkalis and Re volatilize congruently at around 700°C. In the second experiment, a series of measurements of the gas phase characterized aerosols throughout the process. The size distribution results showed that the particles formed in the furnace were mostly submicronic, and that the aerosols in the calciner and the dust scrubber included nanoparticles and micronic particles. SEM-EDS characterization revealed the composition of a spherical particle from the furnace made of two nested phases: one rich in Cs-Re-O, and the other rich in Na-Mo-O. The analyses performed showed that Cs and Re could be found in every particle sampled throughout the process, and that the micronic particles might originate from the aggregation of submicronic particles because of composition similarities. Thus, the observations led to a better understanding of the behavior of the elements of interest in both the melt and the gas phase.

After the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station, a large amount of contaminated water was treated using several decontamination systems with different natures of adsorbents and chemicals. The resulting wastes, called Fukushima Effluent Treatment Wastes (FETW), were stored at the Fukushima Dai-ichi site. Vitrification could be the most promising treatment method to package these wastes. The consortium gathering CEA, Orano, ECM Technologies and ANDRA, implemented an in situ, robust, simple and versatile In-Can vitrification process, the DEM&MELT technology. Since 2018, the applicability of this technology for FETW treatment and conditioning has been evaluated. In 2021–2022, studies focused on one particular waste, coming from the ALPS system (Advanced Liquid Processing System-Multi Radionuclides Removal) generating around 70%vol. of FETW. This waste is composed of two co-precipitation slurries: one mainly composed of iron hydroxide, and one of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide. The purpose of this article is to highlight the feasibility of ALPS slurries vitrification with DEM&MELT, relying on tests performed from laboratory-scale to full-scale. Macroscopically homogeneous glasses were produced using the DEM&MELT demonstrator, with a waste loading of 60 wt.% (expressed as waste dry mass) and microstructural analyses were performed. It gives promising results for FETW conditioning with the DEM&MELT process.

Agricultural reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation is widely practiced. Its conjunctive use with freshwater is becoming more common to guarantee food security, while the rationale behind and its sustain ability are quite arguable. The objective of this study is to better understand the drivers of the conjunctive use of TWW and groundwater (GW) in Nabeul region, Tunisia, and the potential environmental and health impacts taking into account farmers' practices and attitudes toward reuse. TWW used for irrigation exhibited relatively high salinity and high microbiological load. GW has a very high salinity. TWW and GW showed low concentrations of heavy metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn). Concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds were between Limits of Quantification and 13 mu g/L. In GW, values were relatively high, especially for caffeine, carbamazepine, ofloxacin, and ketoprofen. Farmers have a low perception of the polluting load of TWW and GW and of their potential long-term impacts on agricultural environment, human health, and agricultural productivity. GW availability has facilitated its conjunctive use with TWW, either to augment water quantity and/or to improve its quality. Despite its low quality, GW timeliness for irrigation was the main driver to guarantee a better yield and quality of produces. Soil microbial community, bacterial biomass, denitrifying potential and carbon oxidation profiles were similar under TWW, GW and their conjunctive use. Though an effect of the sampling period was observed with a high abundance of denitrifying bacteria in the wet season and a low carbon oxidation activity at the end of the dry season. The conjunctive use of TWW and GW is very likely unsustainable from health and environmental perspectives. Balancing farmers' economic profit against the preservation of agricultural activity, linked to cultural and natural heritage, remains one of the challenges for decision-makers and regional stakeholders.

Introduction: Myocarditis is as a major immune-related adverse event following the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Global radial strain (GRS) reflects both longitudinal and circumferential fiber shortening but no data exist regarding its utility for diagnosis and risk stratification of ICI-myocarditis. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that GRS from echocardiography data would be reduced in patients with ICI-myocarditis and its reduction would have prognostic implications. Methods: Leveraging a multicenter international registry, we measured GRS from 76 patients with myocarditis and 49 ICI treated patients with no myocarditis. Pre-ICI GRS values were available for 10 cases and 38 controls. Measures were performed in a central laboratory blinded to group and time (TomTec, Germany). Major adverse cardiac event was a composite of cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, complete heart block and cardiac death. Results: Groups had similar age (66±15 vs. 63±12 years; p=0.20), sex distribution (male: 72% vs. 61%; p= 0.27) and cancer type (p=0.07). Pre-ICI GRS values were similar between cases and controls (47.4±2.9 vs. 45.4±6.0; p=0.12). A total of 57% of myocarditis patients had LVEF of >50% at presentation. The GRS was lower in patients with myocarditis compared with controls (28.6±6.7 vs. 47±7.4; p Conclusions: Global radial strain is lower in ICI- myocarditis and the magnitude of the reduction is associated with a higher rate of events.

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated myocarditis is associated with a markedly increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) in patients with ICI-associated myocarditis has not been well characterized. Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and risk factors for severe VA in patients with ICI myocarditis. Methods The cohort consisted of 202 patients with ICI myocarditis. Ventricular arrhythmias were defined as a composite of sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. We used a multivariable logistic regression model to test the association between clinical variables and the development of VA. Results From a cohort of 202 patients with ICI myocarditis (67±13 years, 35% female, 60% hypertension, 23% diabetes mellitus), 41 (20.3%) developed VA, of which, 33 had VT and 8 had VF. The median time from admission to VF was 144 hours and to VT was 72 hours. A VA occurred in 17.5% of patients with a normal LVEF, and 25% of patients with reduced LVEF. On univariate analysis, a QRS duration >110ms (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.40 to 6.16, P=0.005) and a QTc duration >470ms were associated with an increased probability of VA (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.23, 5.41, P=0.012). The association remained significant after adjustment for age and gender. Additionally, a longer time from admission to initiation of corticosteroids was associated with a higher probability of VA (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.13, P=0.027). The association between the time from admission to administration of corticosteroids and probability of VA remained significant after adjustment for age, gender, and LVEF on admission (OR, 1.06, 95% CI 1.00, 1.13, P=0.037) where each 6-hour delay in the initiation of corticosteroids was associated with a 4% increase in the risk for VA. Conclusions Ventricular arrhythmias are common in the setting of ICI myocarditis and are observed in patients presenting with both a preserved and a reduced LVEF. Wider QRS and longer QT at presentation and longer time from admission to initiation of corticosteroids were associated with an increased risk of VA. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Metal(loid) soil pollution resulting from mining activities is an important issue that has negative effects on the environment (soil acidification, lack of vegetation, groundwater pollution) and human health (cancer, chronic diseases). In the context of a phytostabilization process for the bioremediation of a mine soil highly contaminated by arsenic (As) and lead (Pb), a pot experiment was set up to study the effect of plant sowing and microbial inoculation on soil properties, metal(loid) (im)mobilization in soil and accumulation in plant, and plant growth. For this, mine soil was sown with endemic metallicolous Agrostis seeds and/or inoculated with endogenous microbial consortia previously selected for their As and Pb tolerance. Agrostis was able to develop on the contaminated mine soil and immobilized metal(loid)s through metal(loid) accumulation in the roots. Its growth was improved by microbial consortium inoculation. Moreover, microbial consortium inoculation increased soil organic content and electrical conductivity, and led to an increase in soil microbial activities (linked to C and P cycles); however, it also induced a metal(loid) mobilization. In conclusion, microbial consortium inoculation stimulated the growth of endemic Agrostis plants and thus ameliorated the phytostabilization of a former mine soil highly polluted by As and Pb. This study is thus a good example of the benefits of coupling several approaches such as phytostabilization and bioaugmentation for the bioremediation of former mine contaminated sites.

International audience; BACKGROUND Myocarditis is a potentially fatal complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Data on the utility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) T1 and T2 mapping in ICI myocarditis are limited.OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess the value of CMR T1 and T2 mapping in patients with ICI myocarditis.METHODS In this retrospective study from an international registry of patients with ICI myocarditis, clinical and CMR findings (including T1 and T2 maps) were collected. Abnormal T1 and T2 were defined as 2 SD above site (vendor/field strength specific) reference values and a z-score was calculated for each patient. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were a composite of cardiovascular death, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, and complete heart block.RESULTS Of 136 patients with ICI myocarditis with a CMR, 86 (63%) had T1 maps and 79 (58%) also had T2 maps. Among the 86 patients (66.3 +/- 13.1 years of age), 36 (41.9%) had a left ventricular ejection fraction

International audience; Nitrate contamination of groundwater remains a major concern despite all the measures and efforts undertaken over the last decades to protect water resources. We focused on a small catchment in Brittany (France) facing nitrate pollution with concentrations over the European drinking water standard of 50 mg.L−1. This is a common situation in catchments where - supposedly effective - measures were applied for reducing the transfer of N to groundwater. At the scale of this small (~100 ha) basement aquifer, nitrate concentrations are very heterogeneous in the groundwater, sampled up to 15–20 m below the soil surface in several observation wells (hereafter referred as piezometers) and up to 110 m deep in a borehole drilled through a faulted area near the Spring (outlet of the catchment). We used complementary and robust approaches for exploring and constraining the driving parameters of nitrate transfer and distribution in groundwater. Detailed geological work and a geophysical electrical resistivity tomography survey identified the lithologies, tectonic structures and weathering layers. This highlighted a complex geological structure with several compartments delimited by faults, as well as the highly variable thickness of the weathered layer. It also illustrated the heterogeneity of the hydrosystem, some compartments appearing to be disconnected from the general groundwater flow. This was confirmed by geochemical analyses and by the mean apparent groundwater residence time based on CFCs-SF6 and noble-gas analyses, locally revealing old and nitrate-free groundwater, and very old water with a recharge temperature below than the current average temperature in the area, reflecting water dating back to the last period of glaciation (−19 to −17 ky). Nitrate isotopes clearly showed denitrification processes in a few piezometers, which was generally supported by microbiology and molecular biology results. This highlighted the presence of functional genes involved in denitrification as well as a capacity of the groundwater microbial community to denitrify when in situ conditions are favourable. This type of combined approach - covering chemistry, isotopic methods, dissolved gases, microbiological activity, geophysics and hydrogeology - appears to be indispensable for implementing the most relevant programme of measures and for accurately assessing their effectiveness, notably by considering the timeframe between implementation of the measures and their impact on groundwater quality. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

International audience; The increasing pesticide use in agriculture involves the presence of both parent pesticides and their transformation products (metabolites) in various environmental matrices and notably groundwater. One drawback is that pesticides and metabolites (even referred to as emerging groundwater contaminants) are now known to have side effects on non-target surface and subsurface living organisms. The environmental consequence of side effects of pesticides and their metabolites on microbial ecosystems is that they can threaten the ecosystem services based on microbial activities in soil (litter degradation, plant growth, nutrient cycling, degradation of pollutants…) and groundwater (production of drinking water, nutrient cycling, degradation of contaminant…). Most studies on side effects of pesticides and their metabolites have been conducted in soils, showing main impacts on microbial abundance, presence or absence of microbial species, increase or decrease in gene expression (mainly linked to the N cycle), and increase or decrease of the functional diversity (activities linked to P, N, S, C cycles). Moreover, pesticides presence was shown to usually lead to the selection of microorganisms having the ability to degrade them. Pesticides and their metabolites impacts on soil microbiology are rather well documented, but knowledge on their side effects on groundwater microbial ecosystems is scarce. The few studies conducted in groundwater have underlined potential side effects on groundwater communities as pesticides presence could increase microbial biodiversity. The role of pesticides contamination history on pesticides impact on groundwater communities has also been underlined. In this context, the impact of two pesticides, S-metolachlor and Propiconazole, and their metabolites, ESA-metolachlor and 1,2,4-triazole, was studied on microbial denitrification, a key function for nitrate removal in groundwater. Laboratory experiments were performed with or without pesticides or metabolites at 2 and 10 µg/L. Kinetics of nitrate reduction along with nitrite and N 2 O production all suggest that S-metolachlor has no or only little impact, whereas its metabolite ESA-metolachlor inhibits denitrification by 65 % at 10 µg/L. Propiconazole and 1,2,4-triazole also inhibit denitrification (by 29-38 %) at both concentrations, but to a lesser extent than ESA-metolachlor. When inhibition occurs, substances affect the reduction of nitrate into nitrite. At the end of batch experiments, no significant change in narG and napA genes abundance was detected, suggesting an impact of pesticides at the protein level rather than on bacteria abundance. Community diversity fingerprints and Illumina sequencing indicate no major impact of pesticides on bacterial diversity except for ESA-metolachlor at 10 µg/L that induces an increase of biodiversity indices. General growth parameters such as bacterial biomass and acetate consumption suggest no impact of pesticides, except for propiconazole at 10 µg/L that partially inhibits microbial metabolism (as acetate uptake). In conclusion, pesticides and their metabolites can have side effects on microbial denitrification in groundwater at realistic environmental concentrations, and may thus affect ecosystem services based on microbial activities.

The development of biofilms on modified natural zeolites was investigated with purpose to obtain biocomposites with biodegradation activity towards pesticides MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) and glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) for potential application in bioaugmentation of polluted agricultural soils. Microbial communities were selected from agricultural pesticide-contaminated soil/water samples and enriched on the basis of their ability to biodegrade the pesticides. In order to enhance affinity of microbial communities to the support material, the natural mineral zeolite was modified by nontoxic environmentally friendly cations (Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+, H+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe3+) by methods preserving its structure and characterised using powder XRD, surface area measurement and chemical composition analysis. Kinetics of pesticide degradation by the biocomposites was studied in liquid media. Results showed that according to zeolite modifications, the microbial activity and biodiversity changed. The best biodegradation rate of MCPA and glyphosate reached 0.12-0.13 mg/h with half-life of 16-18 h, which is considerably quicker than observed in natural environment. However, in some cases, biodegradation activity towards pesticides was lost which was connected to unfavourable zeolite modification and accumulation of toxic metabolites. High-throughput sequencing on the 16S rRNA genes of the biofilm communities highlighted the selection of bacteria genera known to metabolise MCPA (Aminobacter, Cupriavidus, Novosphingobium, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Sphingobium and Sphingopyxis) and glyphosate (Pseudomonas). Altogether, results suggested that zeolites do not only have a passive role of biofilm support but also have protective and nutrient-supportive functions that consequently increase biodiversity of the pesticide degraders growing in the biofilm and influence the pesticide biodegradation rate. Byl zkoumán vývoj biofilmů na modifikovaných přírodních zeolitech za účelem získání biokompozitů s biodegradační aktivitou vůči pesticidům MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorofenoxyoctová kyselina) a glyfosátu (N-(fosfonomethyl)glycin) pro potenciální aplikaci v bioaugmentaci znečištěných zemědělských půd. Mikrobiální společenstva byla vybrána ze vzorků půdy/vody kontaminované zemědělskými pesticidy a obohacena na základě jejich schopnosti biodegradovat pesticidy. Pro zvýšení afinity mikrobiálních společenstev k nosnému materiálu byl přírodní minerální zeolit modifikován netoxickými ekologicky šetrnými kationty (Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+, H+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe3+) metodami zachovávajícími jeho strukturu a charakterizován pomocí práškové XRD analýzy, měření měrného povrchu a analýzy chemického složení. Kinetika degradace pesticidů biokompozity byla studována v kapalných médiích. Výsledky ukázaly, že podle modifikací zeolitu se měnila i mikrobiální aktivita a biodiverzita. Nejlepší biodegradační rychlost MCPA a glyfosátu dosáhla 0,12-0,13 mg/h s poločasem rozpadu 16-18 h, což je podstatně rychleji, než je pozorováno v přirozeném prostředí. V některých případech však došlo ke ztrátě biodegradační aktivity vůči pesticidům, což souviselo s nepříznivou modifikací zeolitu a akumulací toxických metabolitů. Vysoce výkonné sekvenování na genech 16S rRNA biofilmových komunit zdůraznilo výběr rodů bakterií, o kterých je známo, že metabolizují MCPA (Aminobacter, Cupriavidus, Novosphingobium, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Sphingobium a Sphingopyxis) a glyfosát (Pseudomonasate). Celkově výsledky naznačují, že zeolit nemá pouze pasivní roli podpory biofilmu, ale má také ochranné a nutričně podpůrné funkce, které následně zvyšují biologickou rozmanitost degradátorů pesticidů rostoucích v biofilmu a ovlivňují rychlost biodegradace pesticidů.

Nitrate contamination of groundwater remains a major concern despite all the measures and efforts undertaken over the last decades to protect water resources. We focused on a small catchment in Brittany (France) facing nitrate pollution with concentrations over the European drinking water standard of 50 mg.L

A turbidimetric test for rapid quantification of As(III) (detection limit of 3 mg/L, quantification range of 10–100 mg/L) in liquid growth medium was developed for assessing and monitoring microbial As(III)-oxidizing and As(V)-reducing activities. This test is based on As(III) chelation with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate followed by spectrometric measurement of absorbance, and was validated by comparison with AAS quantification of As after As(III)/As(V) separation.

International audience; La publication d’un dossier consacré à l’alimentation dans l’Antiquité tardive répond à la nécessité d’accroître nos connaissances à ce sujet. Entendue comme une construction socioculturelle vitale et identitaire, l’alimentation constitue un aspect essentiel de la vie quotidienne des peuples de l’Antiquité tardive de toutes les classes, métiers et habitats, et concerne aussi bien la consommation que la production et la distribution desaliments. La trilogie romaine méditerranéenne – pain, vin, huile – est bien connue, mais l’innovation, la transformation et les faits de transition entre le ive et le viiie siècle entraînent toute une série de changements concernant aussi bien l’exploitation, la production et la commercialisation des denrées alimentaires, que, de manière plus pragmatique, leur préparation et leur consommation. Les recherches sur l’alimentation dépendent de nombreux facteurs qui doivent prendre en compte les paramètres spatio-temporels, comme la diversité des traditions. Au sein des classes sociales des régions d’Europe, de l’Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient ne transparaissent pas de véritables permanences, mais au contraire des entités dynamiques et variables, où les paysages agraires, les produits, les marchés, l’approvisionnement des villes et l’économie d’un côté, les pratiques, les croyances, les rituels et les particularismes alimentaires à caractère religieux de l’autre, jouent un rôle fondamental. Notre objectif n’est pas de retracer l’histoire des aliments – qui y a certes toute sa place –, mais davantage de proposer au lecteur un certain nombre d’aspects qui concourent à la reconstruction historico-archéologique de l’alimentation dans l’Antiquité tardive, entendant celle-ci comme objet biologique, mais surtout social et culturel.

The demand for effective and inexpensive treatment for decontamination of waters from radionuclides, such as 137 Cs, is presently high. In this context a selective adsorbent material for Cs (SORBMATECH 1 202) was designed, consisting of potassium/copper ferrocyanide nanoparticles deposited in the mesoporosity of silica grains. Several batch experiments were carried out in order to obtain kinetic and thermodynamic data concerning the ion exchange. Isotherms and measurements of distribution coefficients (K d,Cs ) in waters of increasing salinity (pure water, Ca-bicarbonate fresh water and seawater) were conducted in a radioactive environment. This study shows a fast ion-exchange kinetics (

International audience; An important aspect of human individual face recognition is the ability to discriminate unfamiliar individual. Since many general processes contribute to explicit behavioural performance in individual face discrimination tasks, isolating a measure of unfamiliar individual face discrimination ability in humans is challenging. In recent years, a fast periodic visual stimulation approach (FPVS) has provided objective (frequency-locked) implicit electrophysiological indices of individual face discrimination that are highly sensitive at the individual level within a few minutes of testing. Here we evaluate the test-retest reliability of this response across scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) recording sessions separated by more than two months, in the same 30 individuals. We found no test-retest difference overall across sessions in terms of amplitude and spatial distribution of the EEG individual face discrimination response. Moreover, with only 4 stimulation sequences corresponding to 4 min of recordings per session, the individual face discrimination response was highly reliable in terms of amplitude, spatial distribution, and shape. Together with previous observations, these results strengthen the diagnostic value of FPVS-EEG as an objective and rapid flag for specific difficulties at individual face recognition in the human population.

We report normative data from a large (N = 307) sample of young adult participants tested with a computerized version of the long form of the classical Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT; Benton & Van Allen, 1968). The BFRT-c requires participants to match a target face photograph to either one or three of six face photographs presented simultaneously. We found that the percent accuracy on the BFRT-c (81%-83%) was below ceiling yet well above chance level, with little interindividual variance in this typical population sample, two important aspects of a sensitive clinical test. Although the split-half reliability on response accuracy was relatively low, due to the large variability in difficulty across items, the correct response times measured in this version-completed in 3 min, on average-provide a reliable and critical complementary measure of performance at individual unfamiliar-face matching. In line with previous observations from other measures, females outperformed male participants at the BFRT-c, especially for female faces. In general, performance was also lower following lighting changes than following head rotations, in line with previous studies that have emphasized participants' limited ability to match pictures of unfamiliar faces with important variations in illumination. Overall, this normative data set supports the validity of the BFRT-c as a key component of a battery of tests to identify clinical impairments in individual face recognition, such as observed in acquired prosopagnosia. However, this analysis strongly recommends that researchers consider the full test results: Beyond global indexes of performance based on accuracy rates only, they should consider the time taken to match individual faces as well as the variability in performance across items.