Search

ABSTRACT This study systematically reviews Brazil's organizational creativity literature and discusses emerging themes that will enable the field's continued development. Creativity is related to developing and enhancing ideas and has been investigated over a broad scope of perspectives. A search was conducted in the SPELL electronic library from a gap identified in literature review research in the country. The results showed that the field is still young and endogenous, with few partnerships between authors. However, it was also evidenced that the research has gained strength in the last decade, with a tendency to grow. The most investigated themes were organizational creativity and team creativity. In addition, emerging themes such as sociomateriality, artificial intelligence, distributed creativity, polyarchism and ambidexterity, which can leverage the impact of organizational creativity research, are discussed. Finally, specific conditions of the Brazilian context are discussed and presented as a way for national research to contribute for theories of creativity in organizations. We used only the Scientific Periodics Electronic Library (SPELL). Thus, articles from national journals not part of this database were excluded. Further studies may expand research bases and focus on how the themes identified in the article impact organizational creativity and performance.

An adequate understanding of fish behaviors and their interaction with farm-specific environments is pivotal for enhancing fish welfare in aquaculture. The fair-fish database aims to provide a consistent overview of the welfare of farmed fish. This platform consolidates ethological knowledge into profiles of farmed aquatic species. Its WelfareCheck profiles are organized around welfare indicators, with each criterion receiving classifications (no findings, unclear, low, medium, and high) regarding the likelihood and potential for individuals of a given species to experience good welfare in aquaculture systems, along with the associated certainty level. These criteria include home range, depth range, migration patterns, reproduction, aggregation patterns, aggressive behavior, substrate needs, stress responses, malformations, and slaughtering protocols. We investigated which of these 10 criteria are most relevant to the overall welfare of a species, considering the likelihood, potential, and certainty of good welfare in aquaculture. To achieve this, we reviewed and recorded the high classifications across each criterion and dimension from all published WelfareCheck profiles. To further investigate knowledge gaps across the criteria, we also recorded classifications marked as unclear and no findings. These were then compared across the criteria to assess the frequency of such classifications. While no significant differences were found between the criteria regarding the likelihood that the surveyed species meet their basic welfare needs, criteria related to reproduction, slaughter practices, and substrate needs demonstrated a high potential for better welfare outcomes. Moreover, reproduction and migration patterns exhibited high certainty in the available literature. Based on these findings, we conclude that improving the reproduction of farmed aquatic species, considering their natural needs and behavior, could be an effective and reliable approach to improving welfare. However, we also found a low certainty of information on aggression and an absence or conflicting data on home range, aggregation patterns, stress, and malformations. This highlights an urgent need for research in these areas, which are fundamental for developing more accurate assessments and recommendations for farmed aquatic species.

ABSTRACT: The feasibility of enhancing oat cereal bars, widely recognized for their health benefits, was investigated by replacing up to 5% oats with whole seed, almond, or steam-cooked pinhão husk flour. Pinhão contributes with resistant starch, antioxidant compounds, and minerals. The control oat bar (30.5% of the mixture), without pinhão flours but containing brown sugar (25.5%), raisins (15.0%), glucose (15.0%), coconut oil (3.0%), gelatin (0.5%), and water (10.0%), provides 75.53 kcal, with 15.66% carbohydrates (on a dry basis), 2.88% insoluble fiber, 0.70% soluble fiber, 1.82% protein, 0.62% lipids, and 0.32% minerals. Bars replacing up to 5% of oats with almond, husk, or whole seed flour showed statistically similar compositions, except for lipids, few minerals, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. Concerning daily recommendations, a 22 g bar offers low energy (3.78%, Brasil, 1998) and proportionally high mineral content, including potassium (34.64%), zinc (81.58%), magnesium (108.55%), iron (421.18%), copper (192.98%), calcium (395.13%), and manganese (1,027.00%). Additionally, they exhibit a significant content of total phenolic compounds (8.66 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant capacity (24.43 mg Trolox/g). These innovative bars were well-received in sensory evaluations and demonstrated good commercial potential. Notably, a bar that replaced 5% oats with husk flour could be a viable option for microenterprises due to simplified technology, contributing to waste valorization and encouraging the preservation of the Araucaria Forest.

Yacon juice is a worthy alternative of a product able to keep all the benefits of the yacon roots. Lactobionic acid has been studied as a food functional acidifier, although still without permission to be applied in foods, cannot be sensory evaluated. Thus, the only approach to estimate a sensory profile of a lactobionic acid-added product is correlating sensory data with chemometric assessments. Sensory evaluation of yacon juice was performed with flash profile and its results were correlated with E-nose ones. Sensometrics showed a high similarity between yacon juice with lactobionic acid and tartaric acid regarding the volatile signals, and both raised the descriptors: Astringency, yellow color pearl-like, herbal, soy, cereal and leaf flavor, acid and bitter residual flavors. This study showed not just the potential of yacon juice as a new product, but also the suitability of combining flash profile and sensometrics to access a potential ingredient.

For plant species to establish and survive in semiarid regions, such as the Caatinga plant domain, they need to present biochemical versatility. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate through physiological and biochemical indicators the sensitivity of seeds and seedlings of Erythrina velutina Willd to water deficit, as this species is used in the recovery of degraded areas in the Brazilian semiarid region. The seeds were submitted to five osmotic potentials (-0.1; -0.2; -0.3; -0.4; and -0.5 MPa), evaluating the percentage of germination (normal seedlings), germination speed index, length of aerial parts and root system, total dry mass, the concentration of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a, b, and carotenoids) in aerial parts and root system, soluble carbohydrates and proteins, proline, and the enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase. The water deficit reduced the germination speed index and percentage, aerial parts and root length, aerial parts and root dry mass, and photosynthetic pigment content in seedlings; however, there was an increase in the levels of total carbohydrate, proline, and protein, and a reduction in superoxide dismutase. The water potential from -0,4 MPa was a limiting factor for the seedling and/or seedling formation process. The direct sowing of E. velutinawould only be indicated up to the potential of -0,3 MPa for the regeneration of degraded areas in semiarid regions. The species in the seedling formation stage present less biochemical plasticity to overcome limiting conditions of water availability.

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly prevalent condition among men worldwide, resulting in reduced quality of life and increased costs to health systems due to hospitalization and death. This study aimed to explore and understand the evolution of PCa in Brazil from 2008 to 2018. Data were obtained from the National Health System Department of Informatics (DATASUS) using code C61 for malignant prostatic neoplasms. We presented the hospitalization and mortality rates in a temporal-, regional- and age-dependent manner. From 2008 to 2018, a year-dependent increase in hospital admissions due to PCa was reported in Brazil, in which the Southeast region showed the highest prevalence. Men aged ≥80 and those 70-79 years old had similar hospitalization rates, followed by men aged 60-69, 50-59, 40-49 and 30-39 years old. Similarly, an increase in deaths due to PCa was reported during this period, with the highest rates seen in the Southeast. Men aged ≥80 years had higher mortality rates, followed by those aged 70-79, 60-69, 50-59, 40-49 and 30-39 years old. The results obtained indicate an age- and region-dependent increase in PCa morbidity and mortality in Brazil overtime and may contribute to the ongoing discussion on the role and future perspective of the health care system in Brazil.

Abstract Objective: To analyse the direct and indirect associations of experience of racial discrimination on dietary patterns (DP), obesity and abdominal obesity. Design: This is a cross-sectional population-based study. The main exposure was self-reported experiences of racial discrimination (Experiences of Discrimination scale). The mediator variables were the DP: healthy, Brazilian traditional, sugar and carbohydrates, and fast food. The outcomes were obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 88 cm for women; ≥ 102 cm for men). Structural equation modelling was applied. Setting: Porto Alegre, Brazil. Participants: Totally, 400 adults aged between 20 and 70 years were participated. Results: The mean age of participants was 47·2 years (s d = 13·9), and 75 % were women. Experiencing racial discrimination had a positive direct effect on obesity (healthy DP: β = 0·153, P < 0·05; Brazilian DP: β = 0·156, P < 0·05; sugar and carbohydrates DP: β = 0·156, P < 0·05; and fast-food DP: β = 0·153, P < 0·05) and abdominal obesity (healthy DP: β = 0·206, P < 0·01; Brazilian DP: β = 0·210, P < 0·01; sugar and carbohydrates DP: β = 0·204, P < 0·01; and fast-food DP: β = 0·204, P < 0·01). The experience of racial discrimination did not have a direct effect on DP, nor did it exert an indirect effect on obesity and abdominal obesity through any DP. Conclusions: A higher experience of racial discrimination is associated with obesity and abdominal obesity, independent of diet.

Natural additives are a core topic of food science due to their food safety aspects, and among the natural additives, colorants and antioxidants stand out. The aim of this study was to verify the potential effect of naturally colored antioxidants extracted from Moringa oleifera leaves, propolis and grape pomace on the shelf life of chicken paté. The parameters of TBARS, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), pH and color were monitored in the paté during 35 days of cold storage at a temperature of 4 ± 1 °C. Moringa extracts, which produced the highest yields, provided a more colorful food product. Grape pomace showed the greatest antioxidant potential and was more efficient in inhibiting lipid oxidation. TVB-N levels remained within the limit considered safe for food in all applications. The total color difference was greater in the first weeks in all treatments, emphasizing that the red grape pomace showed greater color stability.

ABSTRACT Pecan crops has been expanding in recent years, mainly in southern Brazil. Genotypes that compose Brazilian orchards come from the USA and from selections of plants made by Brazilian producers. This study aimed to characterize with microsatellite markers pecan cultivars registered for cultivation in Brazil, including some selections made in the country. It is important to know the genetic variability of the pecan tree, as it facilitates the identification of possible phytotechnical deficiencies due to the genetic similarity between the plants, in addition to helping in the conservation of the species, among other. Thirty-four, out of forty collected accessions, were genotyped with 11 selected SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) loci. Twenty-four polymorphic alleles were identified. The genetic similarity matrix, based on the Jaccard coefficient, ranged from 0.125 to 1.0; general mean of similarity was 0.46. The cluster analysis, which was carried out by the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA), classified pecan accessions into four main groups. Results showed that there is high genetic variability in germplasm evaluated, although some accessions may be duplicates.

ABSTRACT Objective: DATASUS is the Brazilian Public Unified Health System (SUS) department responsible for providing health data that are used as a primary source of data in several studies on surgery and surgical specialties although its main limitations have not been previously reviewed. The objective of this work is to synthesize information from studies on surgery that used DATASUS systems as a data source and to identify the main gaps in this platform. Methods: a scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR method to identify papers on surgery, and other surgical specialties, that used the DATASUS platform as a primary data source. No restrictions were imposed regarding the type of study or year of publication. Grounded Theory was used to analyze the content of the articles. Results: 248 works were initially analyzed and 47 were included in the final analysis of this study. The original articles included were published between 2009 and 2022 and the majority (12.76%, n=6) were published in the Journal of the Brazilian College of Surgeons. Retrospective studies (40.43%, n=19) were the most common type of study found. Content analysis of the articles identified four predominant domains in the scientific literature about the limitations of using DATASUS in surgical research: lack of data, reliability, precision and data integration. Conclusion: the information systems available in DATASUS are the largest source of information about the SUS, but the scientific literature on the quality of data available in these systems remains scarce and studies aimed at measuring this metric are necessary.

Identificou e analisou possíveis impactos da participação de professores de Educação Física em programas de incentivo à docência no desenvolvimento profissional em escolas de educação básica. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, a partir de entrevista semiestruturada com professores licenciados em Educação Física. A análise dos dados mostrou que os impactos das vivências nos programas de incentivo à docência relacionam-se com a percepção do real papel de ser docente, com a tomada de consciência mais crítica e ampliada a partir do caráter colaborativo e coletivo nas discussões temáticas, nos planejamentos de atividades de ensino e pesquisa. Verificou-se ainda que os programas influenciaram no reconhecimento, por parte dos professores, da importância da continuidade do processo formativo, distanciando-se da zona de conforto, rumo ao desenvolvimento de uma série de habilidades profissionais.

Abstract In the prospect of deep geological disposal, the long-term behavior of high-level nuclear glasses has to be investigated regarding alpha radiation induced by long-life minor actinides. The present study focuses on the effects of alpha radiation on the long-term chemical reactivity of R7T7-type glasses, by separately considering the alpha dose rate and the alpha decay dose. Old SON68 glasses doped with 238/239PuO2 or 244CmO2 were studied to simulate high alpha dose rates corresponding to an early water ingress and a high level of alpha decay doses corresponding to long-term disposal conditions. A part of the 238/239Pu-doped glass block was annealed to fully recover the irradiation-induced damage accumulated since the glass was fabricated and to dissociate the effect of the alpha dose rate from that of the alpha decay dose. The glasses were then leached under static conditions at 90 °C for several years. The results showed that the residual alteration rate is not affected by the alpha dose rate over a wide range of dose rate values expected under disposal conditions: this glass remained relatively insensitive to the alpha radiolysis phenomena at the glass–water interface. However, over the duration of the experiments, the residual alteration rate of the damaged 238/239Pu-doped glass was enhanced compared to that of the annealed glass. This result is in agreement with those obtained on the 244Cm-doped glass and with reported values in the literature on simplified externally irradiated glasses, indicating that the ballistic effects of the recoil nuclei are responsible for this increase in the residual alteration rate.

Malic acid, a carboxylic acid most found in fruits, is a smooth taste substance used as flavoring and preservative agent in foods, although not as used as citric acid. There are no studies focusing in quantitative results or investigations on its physicochemical properties, useful to the food industry, or even the confirmation of its calcium chelating, buffer texturizer and antioxidant alleged properties. Thus, the aim of this work was the assessment of most physicochemical properties of malic acid, solid and in solution, that could be useful to the food industry understand its real potential. The following analyses were carried out: melting point; structure (NMR, XRD, FTIR and SEM/EDS); TGA/DTG; solubility, hygroscopicity; antioxidant activity, iron chelating and antibacterial activities and stability of pectin gels. The melting temperature found was 129.71 °C. TGA/DTG exhibited first loss of mass around 140 °C. In the temperature range of 10 to 55 °C, it exhibited a high solubility in water, from 48.12 to 61.49 (100w), respectively. The tested bacteria, related to food spoilage, were inhibited by DL-malic acid 10% or higher. Chelating and antioxidant activities showed expressive results even in 1% solution. Pectin gels with malic acid had stronger structure and less syneresis than citric acid gels. In addition, calcium chelating, buffer texturizer and antioxidant properties were confirmed. Thus, malic acid has potential to be applied in a wide variety of food products as fortified beverages, frozen and refrigerated items, oils, pectin gels, hard and soft candies, and biofilms, due to all the characteristics quantified.

Ecological interactions are being affected at unprecedented rates by human activities in tropical forests. Yet, the continuity of ecological functions provided by animals, such as seed dispersal, is crucial for forest regeneration and species resilience to anthropogenic pressures. The construction of new roads in tropical forests is one of the main boosters of habitat destruction as it facilitates human access to previously isolated areas and increases defaunation and loss of ecological functions. It, therefore, becomes increasingly urgent to rapidly assess how recently opened roads and associated anthropogenic activities affect ecological processes in natural habitats, so that appropriate management measures to conserve diversity can be taken. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of anthropogenic pressures on the health status of a mature rainforest crossed by a newly opened road in French Guiana. For this, we combined different methods to conduct a rapid assessment of the forest’s health status. Firstly, we evaluated the activity of frugivores using camera traps deployed in four forest patches located near (

ABSTRACT The XXXIV Brazilian Congress of Surgery included Global Surgery for the first time in its scientific program. Global Surgery is any action in research, clinical practice, and policy-making that aims to improve access and quality of care in surgical specialties. In 2015, The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery highlighted that five billion people lack safe, timely, and affordable surgical care. Even more critical, nine of ten people cannot access essential surgical care in low and middle-income countries, where a third of the worldwide population resides, and only 6% of global surgical procedures are performed. Although Brazilian researchers and institutions have been contributing to lay the movement’s foundations since 2014, Global Surgery remains a barely debated subject in the country. It is urgent to expand the field and break paradigms regarding the surgeons’ role in public health in Brazil. Accomplishing these standards requires a joint effort to strategically allocate resources and identify collaboration opportunities, including those from medical societies and regulatory bodies. As members of the International Student Surgical Network of Brazil - a nonprofit organization by and for students, residents, and young physicians focused on Global Surgery - we review why investing in surgery is cost-effective to strengthen health systems, reduce morbimortality, and lead to economic development. Additionally, we highlight and propose key recommendations to foster the field at the national level.

Targeted antitumour therapy has revolutionized the treatment of several types of tumours. Among the validated targets, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) deserves to be highlighted. Several PI3K inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of cancer, including gedatolisib (4). This inhibitor was elected as a prototype and molecular modifications were planned to design a new series of simplified gedatolisib analogues (5a-f). The analogues were synthesised, and the comparative cytotoxic activity profile was studied in phenotypic models employing solid and nonadherent tumour cell lines. Compound 5f (LASSBio-2252) stood out as the most promising of the series, showing good aqueous solubility (42.38 μM (pH = 7.4); 39.33 μM (pH = 5.8)), good partition coefficient (cLogP = 2.96), cytotoxic activity on human leukemia cell lines (CCRF-CEM, K562 and MOLT-4) and an excellent metabolic stability profile in rat liver microsomes (t1/2 = 462 min; Clapp = 0.058 mL/min/g). The ability of 5f to exert its cytotoxic effect through modulation of the PI3K pathway was demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis in a comparative manner to gedatolisib.

Fish burgers as new products require their shelf life investigated. Sensory results usually do not follow a homogeneous profile, as it measures human perception. Once the sensory and physicochemical monitoring of the shelf life takes time and considerable investment, the Near Infrared spectroscopy comes as a fast instrumental technique, which can access multiple parameters from the sample at the same time. In order to replace traditional methods improving mathematical modeling, the objective of this study is the estimation of the data preprocessing and homogeneity (Kolmogorov–Smirnov) influence in the quality parameters of Partial Least Squares modeling. Calibration and validation models were evaluated by means of correlation coefficient, Rank, robustness and Residual Prediction Deviation. All the preprocessing available on the software Opus Lab® were tested and compared. 72 readings/8 samples of refrigerated grass carp burgers originated the data regarding its water activity, rancid taste, pH and reactive substances of thiobarbituric acid results. The preprocessing methods accessible were Standard Normal Variate, Multiplicative Scatter Correction, 2nd derivative, 1st derivative, Straight Line Subtraction and Min/Max. Each chosen preprocessing generated a model with different parameters. The homogeneity of data proved to have a direct influence on the robustness, confirming the challenge to fit sensory results in Partial Least Squares prediction models. New possibilities to investigate meat products were shown. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v11i6.1234

The protozoan Sarcocystis bertrami (syn. Sarcocystis fayeri) infects horses and has dogs as definitive hosts. Herein we aimed to detect S. bertrami in Brazilian horses destined for human consumption and to determine the frequency of infection in the examined animals. Muscle fragments from 51 horses were collected in a slaughterhouse in Bahia State during three different seasons of the year. Samples from six tissues from each animal were prepared for macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, using tissue grinding, squash and histology. Sarcocystis sp. was observed in 100% of the examined horses. Selected samples were processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Species identification was confirmed using a PCR targeted to the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1). Histological examination revealed sarcocysts with variable sizes and shapes, and dispersed within the muscle fibers. When observed by TEM, the sarcocyst wall was wavy and covered by an electrodense layer. The villar protrusions were digitiform and bent. To our knowledge, this study is the first morphological and molecular confirmation of S. bertrami in horses in Brazil and South America.

ABSTRACT Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an oleaginous plant that is well-adapted to the climatic conditions in the northeast of Brazil. However, there is little information on the existing cultivars in the region with regards to their behavior under stress conditions and the biochemical changes of the seeds. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological and biochemical changes in aged peanut seeds. The experiments were conducted at the Seed Analysis Laboratories (LAS) and Biotechnology of CENLAG, Federal University of Agreste of Pernambuco (UFAPE). Seeds of two cultivars, IAC Tatu ST and Caiana, were artificially aged at 42 °C and 100 % relative humidity for 96 h, and removed every 24 h for evaluation. Physiological potential was evaluated using germination, vigor test, and enzymatic modifications as the parameters. An increase in the accelerated aging period resulted in physiological and biochemical changes in the seeds of both cultivars. The activity of the enzymes in the aged peanut seeds was specific to the cultivar used, and the seeds of the cultivar Caiana had less vigor and decreased activity of the enzyme catalase.

ABSTRACT: Excess sodium in foods is one of the factors in chronic non-communicable diseases whose importance is on the rise. Thus, the aim of this study was to optimize a replacement for sodium in an appetizer-type Mignon cracker on an industrial scale. For this, a mixture design consisting of seven formulations were prepared with sodium replacement ranging between 30 and 60 %. The partial sodium replacement used industrial ingredients (Nutek Salt and PuraQ NA4, and modified KCl and flavor), to assess the impact on sodium content and texture (hardness). No significant differences were found in the hardness attribute. Sodium reduction ranged from 943.43 to 637.21 mg 100 g–1, and formulation 7 (F7) with 60 % replacement could cash in on the “Reduced in sodium” appeal. A sensory Quantitative Descriptive Analysis accessed the sensory profiles of formulations, and significant differences were observed (p < 0.05) in salty taste, sweet taste, bread aroma, and formulation 4 (40 % replacement) but were not significantly different from the formulation in salty taste. In PCA, the first main component showed variability between samples of 84.6 %, while the second axis explained 11.5 % of this variability. Acceptance (taste and overall quality) and purchase intention (above > 70 %) showed that the substitution did not affect consumers’ perceptions, with no significant difference between controls, F4 and F7.

Rapid vigor tests are currently used by seed companies to evaluate batch quality. The seed industry with the technological evolution, demands faster and faster separation of high vigor lots. Thus, this work aimed to verify the efficiency and speed of seed respiratory activity to differentiate the vigor of bean seed lots. The work was carried out at the Rural University of Pernambuco, conducted at the Seed Analysis Laboratory with three bean lots acquired in municipalities of the state of Pernambuco. Some tests and determinations were performed: moisture content, one thousand seed weight, germination, first germination count, shoot and root length and dry mass, electrical conductivity, seedling emergence, shoot, root and dry mass length aerial part. The emergence speed index indicated lot 3 and 1 as the ones with the highest physiological potential and lot 2 as the lowest. Bean seeds from lot 2, in the germination tests, germination speed index, emergence speed index, shoot and root dry mass as the least vigorous lot, and which had the lowest CO2 release in the respiratory activity test. The respiratory activity test can be used to determine bean seed vigor after 12 hours of soaking.

Deforestation and habitat fragmentation affect to a great extent larger wild mammals, which require large areas to establish their populations. These mammals can have important functions in the structure and dynamics of tropical forests, acting as seed dispersers, herbivory regulators, and umbrella species. In the present paper, we characterize the community of medium and large wild mammals in a semi-deciduous seasonal forest fragment, a denominated IB Forest (Institute of Biosciences) in Edgardia Experimental Farm, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. By adopting sand plots on three trails as the main method, we identified the occurrence of nine species, besides the occurrence of one species by direct visualization. Some of these are in national red lists — Leopardus pardalis and Puma concolor are listed as threatened and Sapajus cf. nigritus as Near Threatened in São Paulo State; Puma concolor is also listed as Vulnerable at the national level. Thus, we emphasize the importance of this forest remnant as a wildlife refuge, which makes it necessary to monitor the occurrence of these animals in the area and conserve similar remnants in the region.

Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4, 1) is an antimicrotubule agent used as a prototype for the design of several synthetic analogues with anti-tubulin activity, such as LASSBio-1586 (2). A series of branched and unbranched homologs of the lead-compound 2, and vinyl, ethinyl and benzyl analogues, were designed and synthesized. A comparison between the cytotoxic effect of these homologs and 2 on different human tumor cell lines was performed from a cell viability study using MTT with 48 h and 72 h incubations. In general, the compounds were less potent than CA-4, showing CC50 values ranging from 0.030 μM to 7.53 μM (MTT at 72 h) and 0.096 μM to 8.768 μM (MTT at 48 h). The antimitotic effect of the target compounds was demonstrated by cell cycle analysis through flow cytometry, and the cellular mechanism of cytotoxicity was determined by immunofluorescence. While the benzyl homolog 10 (LASSBio-2070) was shown to be a microtubule stabilizer, the lead-compound 2 (LASSBio-1586) and the methylated homolog 3 (LASSBio-1735) had microtubule destabilizing behavior. Molecular docking studies were performed on tubulin protein to investigate their binding mode on colchicine and taxane domain. Surprisingly, the benzyl homolog 10 was able to modulate EGFR phosphorylate activity in a phenotypic model. These data suggest LASSBio-2070 (10) as a putative dual inhibitor of tubulin and EGFR. Its binding mode with EGFR was determined by molecular docking and may be useful in lead-optimization initiatives.

Abstract INTRODUCTION In leprosy, immune system mediators that regulate the infectious process act in a complex manner and can lead to several clinical outcomes. To understand the behavior of these mediators we quantified the expression of annexin-A1 (ANXA1) in the peripheral blood and plasma as well as tissue leukocytes in all clinical forms of leprosy and compared with healthy controls. METHODS Seventy healthy controls and 70 patients with leprosy, tuberculoid (TT) (n = 13), borderline tuberculoid (BT) (n = 15), borderline borderline (BB) (n = 13), borderline lepromatous (BL) (n = 15), and lepromatous leprosy (LL) (n = 14), were selected. Phenotyping of the lymphocyte cells and the intracellular expression of ANXA1 in leukocytes was performed by immunofluorescence. Plasma protein levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Histiocytes and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the skin of BL and LL patients had higher ANXA1 expression. ANXA1 expression was also high in circulating polymorphonuclear, monocytes, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the blood of LL patients compared to those of TT, BT, BB, and BL patients, and these levels were similar to those in healthy controls. Plasma ANXA1 levels indicate an increase in paracrine release in patients with LL. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that ANXA1 expression is enhanced in the leukocytes and plasma of patients with LL, and may contribute to the inhibition of leukocyte action, leading to inadequate functioning of the immune system and thus contributing to the spread of M. leprae infection.

Inactivity is a common daytime behavior expressed by wild cats in zoos. It is not clear whether this inactivity is due to the constraints of the captive environment or is a result of a more natural behavior by these animals. Therefore, this work evaluated the behavior of two Panthera oncacaptive specimens, including their inactivity, during the evening/night period. The jaguars were filmed individually in different days, starting at 5:30 pm and finishing between 7:00 pm and 1:30 am, including non-feeding and feeding days. Regardless of whether they were fed or not, both jaguars expressed a significant rate of inactivity. In addition, when fed, one of the jaguars increased its movements and active behaviors, although its inactivity remained high, while the other jaguar further reduced the expression of such behaviors. Therefore, this work concludes that these jaguars were just as inactive during the evening/night period as they were during daytime. Excessive inactivity might be regarded as a negative behavior; with its highest expression being an effect of the captive environment, which might compromise the welfare of the assessed jaguars and possibly of other wild cats. In addition, since the behavioral expression varied between the studied jaguars, depending on the feeding or non-feeding status, we recommend that futures studies should taking into account the individual variations, especially when there are differences in age, health, and management conditions between the specimens.

Salinity problems are increasing in the semi-arid regions of northeastern Brazil. Thus, detailed studies of the region’s cultured crops, primarily salt-tolerant species, are important. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the salt stress tolerance of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) seeds at different temperatures. This study was conducted in the Seed Analysis Laboratory, Agricultural Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (Areia, PB, Brazil) by using seeds of four lima bean cultivars (Branca, Orelha de Vó, Rosinha, and Roxinha) in a randomized experimental design. Sodium chloride (NaCl) was used as a solute for salt-stress simulation at the following concentrations: 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 dS m-1; temperatures were maintained constant at 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C. Germination and vigor tests were performed to evaluate the treatment effects (first count, germination rate index, seedling length, and dry matter). Germination rate of lima bean seeds increased in salt concentrations up to 9 dS m-1, and seeds of Roxinha cultivar exhibited the highest salinity tolerance. The development of lima bean cultivar seedlings was negatively affected at 35°C under high-salinity conditions.

Germination is negatively influenced by water scarcity and by temperatures above or below the optimal range of the species, so it is necessary to know the critical point of absorption for the species or cultivar. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of water stress, simulated by solutions of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) at different temperatures, on the germination and vigor of seeds of four cultivars (Branca, Orelha de Vó, Rosinha and Roxinha) of beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.). The water stress simulation was performed using PEG 6000 solutions at concentrations of 0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.0, and -1.2 MPa at temperatures of 25, 30, and 35 ° C. The analyzed variables were percentage of germination at first count, germination speed index, length of aerial part and primary root of seedlings, and dry mass of the respective parts of the seedlings. The seeds of the cultivar Orelha de Vó were more sensitive to water stress, with 88% germinating up to the potential of -0.6 MPa at the tested temperatures. The cultivars Branca, Rosinha, and Roxinha germinated (94, 100, and 100%, respectively) up to the potential of -0.8 MPa. Water stress simulated by PEG (6000) negatively affects seed twinning and seed vigor of bean cultivars.

Seeds with a good physiological quality are essential to high productivity. However, for some seeds, Phaseolus lunatus L., the viability and vigor analyze show deficiency in quality. This work aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of Phaseolus lunatus L. seeds using several vigor tests. The study was realized at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis of the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraíba, in Areia – PB, Brazil. We used seeds from five cultivars of P. lunatus (Branca, Orelha de Vó, Cearense, Rosinha, and Roxinha). To determine the physiological quality, we measured the water content, the viability and vigor test (germination, emergence, electrical conductivity, tetrazolium, first germination count and emergence, seedling length and dry mass). We used a completely randomized design for seeds evaluation, and the field test was performed in randomized blocks. The water content of P. lunatus did not differ among the cultivars, indicating a uniformity in the percentage of moisture. Also, the percentage and speed of emergency and the dry mass of seedlings did not differ among the varieties. The tetrazolium and electrical conductivity tests indicated that Rosinha cultivar had the worst viability concerning the other cultivars, showing a low percentage of living tissue and lower electrical conductivity. The seeds of Roxinha cultivar had the better physiological quality, and the Cearense cultivar had the worst quality evaluation. We recommend the tetrazolium test but not the electrical conductivity test to evaluate the vigor of P. lunatus.

Objetiva-se identificar as evidências científicas sobre o isolamento social em pacientes com feridas neoplásicas exsudativas. Revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e PubMed: Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem on-line (MEDLINE) e Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (COCHRANE) com a questão norteadora: quais são as evidências científicas sobre o isolamento social em pacientes com feridas neoplásicas exsudativas? Utilizou-se estratégia PICO com recorte temporal de 2002 a 2014, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. As informações foram tabuladas em programa Microsoft Excel® e processadas a partir da média aritmética descritiva simples, frequência absoluta e relativa. Identificaram-se 288 artigos em sua totalidade. Após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, foram selecionadas 23 evidências científicas avaliadas a partir da categoria: os principais aspectos psicossociais prejudicados pelo exsudato em pacientes com feridas neoplásicas. Concluí-se que o exsudato é um dos sintomas que interfere negativamente nos aspectos psicossociais do paciente com feridas neoplásicas, causando alteração da imagem corporal, perda dos limites físicos, ansiedade e depressão, fatores que favorecem diretamente o isolamento social. Palavras-chave: Cuidados Paliativos; Enfermagem Oncológica; Ferimentos e Lesões; Exsudatos e Transudatos; Isolamento Social. ABSTRACT The aim is to identify the scientific evidence on social isolation in patients with exudative neoplastic wounds. An integrative literature review conducted in the Virtual Health Library databases (VHS) and PubMed: Literature Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System online (MEDLINE) and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (COCHRANE), with the guiding question: what are the scientific evidences about the social isolation in patients with exudative neoplastic wounds? We used a PICO strategy with a temporal cut from 2002 to 2014, in Portuguese, English and Spanish languages. The information was tabulated in Microsoft Excel® program and processed from simple descriptive arithmetic mean, absolute and relative frequency. It was identified 288 articles in their entirety. After applying the eligibility criteria, was selected 23 scientific evidence evaluated from the category: the main psychosocial aspects impaired by exudate in patients with neoplastic wounds. It concludes that exudate is one of the symptoms that negatively interferes the psychosocial aspects of the patient with neoplastic wounds, causing alterations in body image, loss of physical limits, anxiety and depression, factors that directly favor social isolation. Keywords: Palliative Care; Oncology Nursing; Wounds and Injuries; Exudates and Transudates; Social Isolation.

The species Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong., (Fabaceae) is widely distributed in Brazil, commonly found in the Atlantic Forest domain. Despite its importance for the ecosystems, studies based on storage of E. contortisiliquum seeds are scarce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds of Enterolobium contortisiliquum stored in different packages, environments and storage periods. The seeds were obtained from ripe fruits at the beginning of the natural dispersion in seven selected trees, located in the municipality of Areia - Paraíba, between the months of November and December 2010 and then taken to the laboratory for analysis of Seeds of the Department of Plant Science and Environmental Agricultural Sciences Center of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba. A completely randomized design was used, with subdivided plots, being the major portion constituted by environments (lab, cold storage chamber, freezer and fridge), a sub-plot for the packages (kraft paper bag, cloth, aluminum, plastic (PP) and PET bottle) and the sub plot constituted by the storage periods (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 and 270 days). For the evaluation of physiological quality was determined by water content, percentage of emergence, length and dry weight of shoots and roots. The packing of seeds of E. contortisiliquum can be made in polypropylene plastic bags (PP) and they can be stored under natural laboratory environment for 270 days with no decrease of seed vigor.

O objetivo foi investigar, por revisão sistemática da literatura, os efeitos da suplementação de β-alanina, no desempenho de atletas, praticantes de atividade física e sedentários, em exercícios de alta intensidade. No levantamento bibliográfico, foram utilizados os bancos de dados PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus e Cochrane. Foram selecionados 15 artigos originais, publicados em oito países, envolvendo 118 atletas do sexo masculino, de cinco modalidades esportivas, e 213 praticantes de atividades físicas e sedentários, de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária de 21 a 29,2 anos, e ainda 44 idosos de 64 a 72,8 anos, de ambos os sexos. Esses sujeitos receberam suplementação de 2 a 6,4 g diárias de β-alanina, durante quatro a doze semanas. Os artigos revisados mostraram que a suplementação de β-alanina exerceu efeito benéfico para atletas no retardo da fadiga muscular, aumento de potência e força muscular, durante exercícios de alta intensidade, enquanto que para os não-atletas o principal resultado encontrado foi o retardo da fadiga. Esses resultados foram atribuídos ao incremento de carnosina muscular, decorrente da administração de β-alanina, entretanto apenas três estudos avaliaram este conteúdo diretamente, confirmando esta hipótese. Não foram observados efeitos colaterais com a suplementação de β-alanina, nas doses administradas. Conclui-se que a suplementação de β-alanina pode ser eficaz na melhora da performance de atletas, aumento da capacidade física de praticantes de atividades físicas e sedentários, incluindo os idosos. ABSTRACT Β-alanine supplementation effect in athletes, physically active and sedentary The aim of this article was to investigate, by systematic review, the effects of β-alanine supplementation on performance of athletes, physically active and sedentary individuals during high intensity exercises. For the bibliographic research the following databases were used: PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus and Cochrane. We selected 15 original articles published in eight different countries during, including 118 male athletes from five different sports, and 257 physically active and sedentary individuals, of both sexes, aged between 21 and 29.2 years old, and further 44 elderly individuals aged between 64 to 72,8 years old, from both sexes. This sample received a daily dose of 2 to 6.4 g of β-alanine supplementation during 4 to 12 weeks. The revised articles showed that β-alanine supplementation demonstrated a beneficial effect for athletes in delaying muscle fatigue and increasing power and muscle strength during high-intensity exercise, while for non-athletes, the main result found was delay fatigue. These results were attributed to the increase of muscle carnosine, due to β-alanine administration. However just three studies evaluated this content directly, confirming this hypothesis. No side effects were observed with β-alanine supplementation, considering the administered doses. We can conclude that β-alanine supplementation may be effective in improving performance of athletes, increasing the physical capacity of physically active and sedentary individuals, including elderly people.

ABSTRACT Platymiscium floribundum Vog., a forest species belonging to the family Fabaceae, has great potential for economic exploitation and can be used both in landscape and in reforestation, in the restoration of degraded areas and permanent preservation.given its importance, this work was, it was aimed to study the influence of light and temperature on seed germination of Platymiscium floribundum . We evaluate the germination and vigor Under constant and alternate temperatures of 25 and 30 0 C in different light regimes: White (LB), green (LV), red-far (LVD), red (LV) and absence light (A). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 3 x 5 with four replications of 25 seeds. The variables analyzed were: germination, first count of germination, germination speed index (IGV), length and seedling dry weight (root length, shoot length of seedlings). The seeds of Platymiscium floribundum express their maximum force in illuminated environment independent of the temperature.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175821.].

The fifth basic taste called ‘umami’ was recently recognized by studies related to monosodium glutamate (MSG), and this has attracted attention for enhancing the flavor of foods and because it contains only one-third the sodium of table salt, being an important option for reducing sodium intake by the population. This study evaluated the holistic perception of consumers about the MSG through the modern sensory techniques Word Association and Cata (Check All That Apply). Also a paired comparison was applied to define the consumers’ gustatory perception. Two stimuli were applied on Word Association, one using the trademark Sazón/Ajinomoto and another containing only monosodium glutamate. In general, consumers associated MSG with salt, seasoning, meal and tasty. Age and stimuli caused different effects on the associations. Health-related terms were more related to older consumers. Cata results revealed the knowledge and consumption habits regarding MSG 79% of consumers perceived the umami flavor on the paired comparison.

ABSTRACT Peach has great economic and social importance in Brazil. Diverse sources of germplasm were used to introduce desirable traits in the Brazilian peach breeding pool, composed mainly by local selections and accessions selected from populations developed by the national breeding programs, adapted to subtropical climate, with low chill requirement, as well as accessions introduced from several countries. In this research, we used SSR markers, selected by their high level of polymorphism, to access genetic diversity and population structure of a set composed by 204 peach selected genotypes, based on contrasting phenotypes for valuable traits in peach breeding. A total of 80 alleles were obtained, giving an average of eight alleles per locus. In general, the average value of observed heterozygosity (0.46) was lower than the expected heterozygosity (0.63). STRUCTURE analysis assigned 162 accessions splitted into two subpopulations based mainly on their flesh type: melting (96) and non-melting (66) flesh cultivars. The remaining accessions (42) could not be assigned under the 80% membership coefficient criteria. Genetic variability was greater in melting subpopulation compared to non-melting. Additionally, 55% of the alleles present in the breeding varieties were also present in the founder varieties, indicating that founding clones are well represented in current peach cultivars and advanced selections developed. Overall, this study gives a first insight of the peach genetic variability available and evidence for population differentiation (structure) in this peach panel to be exploited and provides the basis for genome-wide association studies.

The identification of animal preferences is assumed to provide better rearing environments for the animals in question. Preference tests focus on the frequency of approaches or the time an animal spends in proximity to each item of the investigated resource during a multiple-choice trial. Recently, a preference index (PI) was proposed to differentiate animal preferences from momentary responses (Sci Rep, 2016, 6:28328, DOI: 10.1038/srep28328). This index also quantifies the degree of preference for each item. Each choice response is also weighted, with the most recent responses weighted more heavily, but the index includes the entire bank of tests, and thus represents a history-based approach. In this study, we compared this PI to motivation tests, which consider how much effort is expended to access a resource. We performed choice tests over 7 consecutive days for 34 Nile tilapia fish that presented with different colored compartments in each test. We first detected the preferred and non-preferred colors of each fish using the PI and then tested their motivation to reach these compartments. We found that fish preferences varied individually, but the results were consistent with the motivation profiles, as individual fish were more motivated (the number of touches made on transparent, hinged doors that prevented access to the resource) to access their preferred items. On average, most of the 34 fish avoided the color yellow and showed less motivation to reach yellow and red colors. The fish also exhibited greater motivation to access blue and green colors (the most preferred colors). These results corroborate the PI as a reliable tool for the identification of animal preferences. We recommend this index to animal keepers and researchers to identify an animal's preferred conditions.

The species Clitoria fairchildiana Howard, native to the Amazon region, by a rustic species and be of rapid growth, has been useful in heterogeneous reforestation for the revegetation and reclamation of degraded areas, used in the planting of streets, public squares, roads and parking lots, due to its wide, leafy canopy and its rapid growth. The work was developed in the Laboratory of Analyses of Seeds of Centro de Ciências Agrárias of Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the physiological potential of C. fairchildiana seeds submitted to different drying times. The experimental design completely randomized, with treatments distributed in a factorial 4 x 5 (temperatures and periods of drying). It was evaluated to determine the water content after the drying processing for each period (0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours). For the evaluation of the effect of temperatures (35, 40, 45 and 50°C) were performed the following tests: water content, germination, germination speed index (IVG), as well as length and dry mass of roots and aerial portion of seedlings. Drying of seeds of C. fairchildiana is recommended at the temperature of 35°C, within hours drying 6h without compromising the physiological quality of seeds.

Populações locais são fonte de variabilidade genética e adaptação para os programas de melhoramento; entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre as populações de azevém anual naturalizadas na América do Sul. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar um conjunto de populações locais de azevém para produção de matéria seca e outros caracteres de importância agronômica e verificar a divergência existente entre essas populações. Foram avaliadas 36 populações, em um delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. A produção de matéria seca variou de 1752,53 a 3905,67kg ha-1, com dezenove populações no grupo superior e a cultivar 'BRS Ponteio' como primeira do ranking. As populações brasileiras de azevém diferem para produção de matéria seca, bem como para produção de matéria seca no inverno e é possível identificar populações com ciclo produtivo mais longo.Landraces are an important source of genetic variability in breeding programs. In spite of this, little is known about South American Italian ryegrass populations. The objectives of this research were to characterize a group of Brazilian Landraces of Italian ryegrass for dry matter production and other traits of agronomic importance, and to study genetic divergence among them. Thirty-seven populations were evaluated in a randomized block design with four replications. Dry matter production varied from 1752.53 to 3905.67kg ha-1, with nineteen populations in the most productive group and 'BRS Ponteio' ranking as the first one. Brazilian ryegrass populations differ for dry matter production and winter dry matter production. Populations with longer vegetative cycle may be identified.

O gênero Butia (Arecaceae) é um pequeno gênero subtropical com espécies no sul da América do Sul, considerado ornamental. Além disso, seus frutos são apreciados pelo sabor e aroma peculiares. Porém, no Rio Grande do Sul, as populações naturais sofrem com o avanço das atividades rurais e da construção imobiliária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar oito populações de Butia capitata ocorrentes no Rio Grande do Sul através de marcadores moleculares do tipo AFLP. Pela análise molecular da variância, foi possível verificar que 83,68% da variabilidade genética são atribuídos à variação entre populações e 13,67% são atribuídos a diferenças entre populações dentro de regiões. A análise comparativa entre as oito populações feita de duas a duas demonstrou que são significativas as diferenças entre 15 populações, com média de 14,72% da variação molecular atribuída às diferenças entre populações. Este resultado indica a presença de variabilidade genética distribuída entre todas as populações, sem subdivisão decorrente de isolamento geográfico.The Butia genus (Arecaceae) is a small genus with subtropical species distributed in South America widely used as an ornamental plant. Besides, its fruits are appreciated for its unique flavor and aroma. But in some regions in Rio Grande do Sul State natural populations suffer with progress of building and rural activities. The aim of this study, therefore, was characterizing eight populations of Butia capitata through AFLP markers. By analysis of molecular variance was possible to verify that 83.68% of genetic variability is attributed to variation among populations and 13.67% is attributed to differences among populations within regions. In the pair-wise analysis, differences between 15 populations were significant, with an average of 14.72% of molecular variation attributed to differences between populations. This result indicates the presence of genetic variability distributed among all populations, without subdivision arising from geographical isolation.

Foram utilizados marcadores AFLP para a avaliação de populações de plantas de pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora) oriundas de autopolinização e de polinização livre, com o objetivo de verificar a variabilidade existente entre e dentro dessas populações, visando a fornecer mais informações que ajudem no entendimento do modo de reprodução dessa espécie. O material vegetal utilizado foi oriundo de duas seleções de pitangueira ("Pit 15" e "Pit 52"), mantidas na Embrapa Clima Temperado. De cada seleção, foram obtidas duas populações F1, por meio de autopolinização e de polinização livre, totalizando quatro populações. Foram analisados 18 indivíduos de cada população e as duas plantas-mãe, totalizando 74 indivíduos. Foram utilizadas três combinações de primers AFLP e calculada a similaridade genética entre plantas pelo coeficiente de Jaccard. Uma estimativa da variabilidade genética entre e dentro das populações foi estimada pela AMOVA. As três combinações de primers AFLP utilizadas amplificaram um total de 178 locos AFLP, dos quais 114 (64,0%) foram polimórficos entre todos os indivíduos. Não houve separação clara entre populações descendentes da mesma planta-mãe. Foi observado maior polimorfismo de marcadores AFLP em populações de polinização livre. A proporção da variabilidade genética total entre populações foi significativa, embora tenha sido menor do que aquela observada dentro das populações. A reprodução da pitangueira é decorrente tanto da autofertilização quanto da polinização cruzada, sendo necessário, no entanto, novos estudos para determinar qual a estratégia de reprodução mais eficiente.AFLP molecular markers were used aiming to study the genetic variability within and between Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora) populations, originated from self-pollination and open pollination of two selections (Pit 15 and Pit 52) of the Embrapa Clima Temperado collection. The objective was to achieve a better understanding about the reproduction mode of this species. Two progenies were obtained from each selection being one from self-pollination and another from open-pollination, resulting in four populations. The analysis was carried out in 18 individuals of each progeny and the two mother plants, totalizing 74 genotypes. Three AFLP primer combinations were used and the genetic similarity was calculated by Jaccard coefficient. Genetic variability within and between populations was estimated by AMOVA. The three primer combinations amplified 178 loci, of which 114 (64%) were polimorphic, considering all the genotypes. There was not a clear separation between the two progenies of the same mother plant. Larger polimorphism of AFLP markers was observed in the open-pollinated populations. The proportion of total genetic variability was significant, between populations from open-pollination, although smaller than the variability observed within populations. The Surinam cherry reproduction is based on both self-fertilization as well as cross-pollination. Nevertheless it is rather important to do further studies in order to determine which reproduction mode is the most efficient.

The objective of this work was to compare estimates of genetic distances of potato genotypes using genealogical, morphological and molecular data, and jointed data (morphological and molecular). The work was carried on at Embrapa Clima Temperado and UFPel/FAEM/Laboratório de Genômica e Fitomelhoramento. The evaluaton was with a set of 13 potato cultivars and elite clones of the Embrapa Clima Temperado Active Germoplasm Bank of Potatoes. The field experiments were grown in springs of 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003, in single 20 plant plots, spaced at 0.30m between plants and 0.80m between rows. The genotypes were evaluated morphologically for 33 plant and tuber traits and for AFLP markers. The analysis of variance, considering year as replication, revealed no significant differences only for leaflet width, flowers frequency, stalk pigmentation e apex aspect. Correlations between dissimilarity matrices were significant only for jointed (morphologic and molecular) and molecular matrix. Therefore, all estimates of genetic distance between potato genitors should be considered in planning crosses.O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar estimativas de distância genética entre genótipos de batata usando dados genealógicos, morfológicos, moleculares e conjuntamente, dados morfológicos e moleculares. Os trabalhos foram realizados na Embrapa Clima Temperado e na UFPel/FAEM/Laboratório de Genômica e Fitomelhoramento. Foi avaliado um conjunto de 13 cultivares e clones elite, componentes do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Batata da Embrapa Clima Temperado. Os experimentos de campo foram realizados nas primaveras de 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 e 2003, em parcelas únicas de 20 plantas, espaçadas 0,30m entre plantas e 0,80m entre fileiras. Os genótipos foram avaliados em relação a 33 caracteres morfológicos de planta e tubérculo e analisados molecularmente usando marcadores AFLP. A análise de variância, considerando ano como repetição, não revelou diferenças significativas somente em relação à largura dos folíolos, frequência de flores, pigmentação do pedúnculo e aspecto do ápice. Apenas a correlação entre matrizes de dissimilaridade conjunta (morfológico e molecular) e molecular foi significativa. Portanto, todas as estimativas de distância genética entre genitores de batata deveriam ser consideradas no plano de cruzamentos.

A produtividade de uma pastagem perene tropical, em regiões de clima temperado, é dependente de seu comportamento em relação às condições de temperatura. A avaliação da sensibilidade das plantas, através da sua exposição a temperaturas inferiores a 2°C em ambiente controlado, pode ser um procedimento bastante eficiente na predição de resistência, em função de assegurar uma homogeneidade dos níveis de frio. Considerando-se à reduzida disponibilidade de trabalhos científicos relacionados com a avaliação de leguminosas forrageiras tropicais quanto à tolerância ao frio, este experimento teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento do amendoim forrageiro (cv. "Amarillo") sob temperaturas inferiores a 2°C. O delineamento experimental adotado foi completamente casualizado com 15 repetições e dois tratamentos, com exposição (CE) e sem exposição ao frio (SE). Os caracteres mensurados foram: número de folhas por estolho, espessura do estolho e número de brotações novas. Os resultados indicaram que a exposição do amendoim forrageiro a um intervalo de temperatura de -1,0 a 1,3°C por um período de 3 horas é capaz de causar estresse de frio nas plantas, provocando uma redução no número de folhas e estimulando a formação de novas brotações, sem provocar a morte das plantas.The yield of tropical perennial forages in temperate climate areas depends on its cold tolerance. The exposure of genotypes to temperatures below 2oC, under controlled conditions is an efficient methodology to predict cold tolerance, since it maintains homogeneous levels of cold. Due to absence of information related to cold tolerance of tropical forages, this experiment was developed aiming to evaluate the behavior of forage peanut exposed to temperatures below 2oC. The design adopted was completely randomized with 15 replications and two treatments: exposed and not exposed to cold. The traits measured were: number of leaves per stolon; thickness of stolon and number of new shoots. The results showed that the exposition of the forage peanut to a range of temperature from -1.0 to 1.3 °C, for 3 hours, causes cold stress in the plants, resulting in a reduction of the number of leaves per solon and stimulating the emergency of new shoots, but did not kill the plants.

Arachis pintoi is outstanding in the present agricultural scenery for adapting well to varied environments andin view of its high yield of quality fodder. It is therefore used as forage crop in different countries. In the last 15 years, morethan ten cultivars were released in different countries; none of them is protected in Brazil. To protect a cultivar the minimumdescriptors of the species must be determined. In this study, F2 populations of A. pintoi were evaluated by the number ofbristles on the petiole, number of bristles on the basal and distal leaflets, length and width of internodes, length and width ofbasal and distal leaflets, and flower color. The objective was the determination of morphological traits for variety identificationof forage peanut. The performance of the F2 progenies was trait-dependent. The heritability of all traits was high, indicatingthat a great part of the variation observed in these genotypes is genetic. This reinforces the usefulness of these traits as varietydescriptors of forage peanut.

As flores de corte representam um dos mais importantes produtos da floricultura, sendo a durabilidade uma das características que definem seu padrão de qualidade. Neste sentido, quanto menor a distância entre a área de produção e o mercado consumidor, maior será o período de uso. Com base no exposto, o trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de comparar a durabilidade em vaso de rosas, gérberas e crisântemos cultivados no município de Pelotas com a durabilidade das mesmas flores fornecidas por atacadistas de São Paulo. Para cada tratamento (procedência) foram avaliadas 20 hastes de cada espécie. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos completos ao acaso, com cinco repetições de quatro hastes por bloco, com avaliações feitas a cada três dias, durante 15 dias. A durabilidade em vaso foi superior para as rosas e gérberas produzidas em Pelotas, com média de 9 e 7 dias, respectivamente. Para crisântemos não foi observada diferença significativa, com uma durabilidade média de 12 dias para ambas as procedências. Os resultados permitem afirmar que a distância entre as áreas de produção e o mercado consumidor influencia na qualidade e durabilidade em vaso de rosas e de gérberas comercializadas no município de Pelotas.

Annual ryegrass is a temperate climate annual foraging grass, grown mostly in the South of Brazil, especially in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Despite its importance, little is known about its genetic diversity, both within and among the populations cultivated. This knowledge is of fundamental importance for developing breeding and conservation strategies. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity and structure of four populations of annual ryegrass. Three of the populations were located in Rio Grande do Sul and the fourth in Uruguay. RAPD markers were used to study the genetic diversity and structure of these populations. Analysis of 375 individuals sampled from the populations, using six RAPD primers, generated a total of 82 amplified bands. They included 73 polymorphic bands (89,02%). The value of the total genetic diversity index obtained, (0,71) was high, indicating the presence of wide genetic diversity in the four populations. Genetic structure analysis revealed that 98% of total diversity is intrapopulational, whereas interpopulational genetic diversity was only 2%. These results suggest that before these populations separated, they had gone through a period of gene exchange and, even after the separation event, gene frequency stayed at levels similar to the original levels, with no differential selection for these genes in the different cultivation areas.O azevém anual é a gramínea anual forrageira de clima temperado de maior utilização no sul do Brasil, particularmente no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Apesar de toda a importância que a espécie apresenta, pouco se conhece a respeito da diversidade genética presente entre e dentro das populações cultivadas. Este conhecimento é de fundamental importância para o estabelecimento das estratégias de melhoramento genético e de conservação destes materiais. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a diversidade genética e a estrutura genética de quatro populações de azevém anual, sendo três populações do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e uma do Uruguai. O nível de diversidade e a estrutura genética destas populações foram estudados com marcadores RAPD. A análise de 375 indivíduos amostrados nas populações, com seis iniciadores, gerou um total de 82 bandas que foram utilizados nas análises, dentre as quais 73 (89,02%) foram polimórficas. O valor do índice de diversidade genética total obtido, (0,71) foi elevado evidenciando a presença de uma grande diversidade genética nas quatro populações. A análise da estrutura genética revelou que 98% da diversidade total esta contida dentro das populações, enquanto que a diversidade genética entre as populações representou somente 2%. Sugere-se que antes da separação destas populações, as mesmas tenham passado por um período de troca de genes e que mesmo após o evento de separação elas mantiveram a freqüência destes em níveis semelhantes aos originais, não tendo ocorrido uma seleção diferencial destes genes nos locais de cultivo.