32 results on '"Caroline Lehmann"'
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2. P649: SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS IN NAIVE CLL PATIENTS TREATED WITH VEN AND OBI UNDER REAL-WORLD CONDITIONS - COMPARISON OF PATIENTS IN LINE OR OUT OF SCOPE WITH CLL14 TRIAL.
- Author
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Ingo, Schwaner, primary, Hebart, Holger, additional, Losem, Christof, additional, Thomas, Wolff, additional, Burkard, Schmidt, additional, David, Rossi, additional, Caroline, Lehmann, additional, Julia, Benzel, additional, Johannes, Huelsenbeck, additional, and Petra, Pichler, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Entrepreneurial Marketing im Gesundheitswesen: Theoretische Grundlagen und ethische Aspekte
- Author
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Dr. med. Caroline Lehmann and Dr. med. Caroline Lehmann
- Published
- 2019
4. Defining biodiverse reforestation: Why it matters for climate change mitigation and biodiversity
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Samantha E. Andres, Rachel J. Standish, Paige E. Lieurance, Charlotte H. Mills, Richard J. Harper, Don W. Butler, Vanessa M. Adams, Caroline Lehmann, Sasha G. Tetu, Peter Cuneo, Catherine A. Offord, and Rachael V. Gallagher
- Subjects
Forestry ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Reforestation to capture and store atmospheric carbon is increasingly championed as a climate change mitigation policy response. Reforestation plantings have the potential to provide conservation co-benefits when diverse mixtures of native species are planted, and there are growing attempts to monetise biodiversity benefits from carbon reforestation projects, particularly within emerging carbon markets. But what is meant by ‘biodiverse’ across different stakeholders and groups implementing and overseeing these projects and how do these perceptions compare with long-standing scientific definitions? Here, we discuss approaches to, and definitions of, biodiversity in the context of reforestation for carbon sequestration. Our aim is to review how the concept of biodiversity is defined and applied among stakeholders (e.g., governments, carbon certifiers and farmers) and rights holders (i.e., First Nations people) engaging in reforestation, and to identify best-practice methods for restoring biodiversity in these projects. We find that some stakeholders have a vague understanding of diversity across varying levels of biological organisation (genes to ecosystems). While most understand that biodiversity underpins ecosystem functions and services, many stakeholders may not appreciate the difficulties of restoring biodiversity akin to reference ecosystems. Consequently, biodiversity goals are rarely explicit, and project goals may never be achieved because the levels of restored biodiversity are inadequate to support functional ecosystems and desired ecosystem services. We suggest there is significant value in integrating biodiversity objectives into reforestation projects and setting specific restoration goals with transparent reporting outcomes will pave the way for ensuring reforestation projects have meaningful outcomes for biodiversity, and legitimate incentive payments for biodiversity and natural capital accounting.
- Published
- 2022
5. Encroachment diminishes herbaceous plant diversity in grassy ecosystems worldwide
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Jakub Daniel Wieczorkowski and Caroline Lehmann
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Soil ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,Environmental Chemistry ,Plants ,Poaceae ,Ecosystem ,Fires ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Woody encroachment is ubiquitous in grassy ecosystems worldwide, but its global impacts on the diversity of herbaceous plants that characterise and define these ecosystems remain unquantified. The pervasiveness of encroachment is relatively easily observed via remote sensing, but its impacts on plant diversity and richness below the canopy can only be observed via field-based studies. Via a meta-analysis of 42 field studies across tropical to temperate grassy ecosystems, we quantified how encroachment altered herbaceous species richness, and the richness of forbs, C3 graminoids and C4 graminoids. Across studies, the natural logarithm of the response ratio (lnRR) of herbaceous species richness ranged from −3.33 to 0.34 with 87% of encroached ecosystems negatively impacted. Assessment of the extent of encroachment, duration of encroachment, mean annual rainfall, latitude, and continent demonstrated that only extent of encroachment had relevance in the data (univariate model including a random effect of study explained 45.4% of variance). The global weighted mean lnRR of species richness decreased from −0.245 at 66%. Continued encroachment results in substantial loss of herbaceous diversity at medium and high extents, with a loss of richness that is not replaced. Although all functional groups are significantly negatively impacted by encroachment, forb richness is relatively more sensitive than graminoid richness, and C4 graminoid richness relatively more than C3 graminoid richness. Although no geographic or climatic correlates had relevance in the data, encroachment as an emergent product of global change coalesces to decrease ground layer light availability, lead to loss of fire and grazers, and alter hydrology and soils. Encroachment is accelerating and grassy ecosystems require urgent attention to determine critical woody cover thresholds that facilitate diverse and resilient grassy ecosystems.
- Published
- 2022
6. 'Manisa bozaka' or 'Counting grass': Global Grassy Group guide to understanding and measuring the functional and taxonomic composition of ground layer plants
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Sally Archibald, Caroline Lehmann, Maria (bat) S. Vorontsova, Gareth Hempson, and Jakub Daniel Wieczorkowski
- Abstract
Grassy biomes span more than 40% of the global land surface and are central to people, biodiversity and Earth System functioning. There is however limited standardised measurement of herbaceous taxonomic and functional composition in grassy biomes that inhibits the development of a comparative understanding of grassy biomes among geographic regions. Here, we present a protocol for the measurement of herbaceous richness and composition to motivate for much needed data standardisation in the measurement of grassy biomes. The data collection protocol and associated data management system are designed to have utility for fields of research ranging from phylogenetics and taxonomy to functional, community and ecosystem ecology. The described data collection protocol links to a data management system designed to foster collaboration and equity among biologists and ecologists working on herbaceous plants and grassy biomes.
- Published
- 2022
7. Two-point correlation function of ring polymers: Experiments and numerical simulations for the case of circular DNA in 2 dimensions
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Erica Uehara, Tetsuo Deguchi, Caroline Lehmann, Sophia Ropelewski, and Giovanni Dietler
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Physics ,Polymers and Plastics ,General Chemical Engineering ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,Circular DNA ,Ring (chemistry) ,Biochemistry ,Molecular physics ,two-point correlation function ,chemistry ,polystyrenes ,Materials Chemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,critical exponents ,molecules ,circular dna ,afm ,ring polymers - Published
- 2018
8. Hilfe bei Fehlgeburt : Wie du mit dem Verlust deines Kindes umgehen und wieder Hoffnung finden kannst
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Dr. med. Caroline Lehmann, Shirley Michaela Seul, Dr. med. Caroline Lehmann, and Shirley Michaela Seul
- Abstract
Alles, was Frauen nach einer frühen Fehlgeburt wissen müssen! Caroline Lehmann hat es selbst erlebt: vier Fehlgeburten, ehe sie Mutter wurde. Mit ihrem Buch steht die Humangenetikerin und Ärztin in der Kinderwunschsprechstunde einer Uniklinik ihren Leser•innen einfühlsam und motivierend zur Seite. Sie gibt Antworten auf die brennenden Fragen: Was tun bei einer Fehlgeburt, und wie schaffe ich es, diese schwere Zeit seelisch gesund zu überstehen und nicht daran zu zerbrechen? Und wie geht es weiter? Woran merke ich, dass ich eine Fehlgeburt gut verarbeitet habe, auch wenn sie schon länger zurückliegt? Caroline Lehmann veranschaulicht die neuesten Erkenntnisse: Woran lag es wirklich? Was kann ich tun, damit so etwas nicht noch einmal passiert? Mit aufrichtiger Offenheit spricht die Autorin alle relevanten, aber oft auch verschwiegenen Themen nach einer Fehlgeburt an, darunter die Auswirkungen dieses Verlustes auf die nächste Schwangerschaft und die psychologischen Konsequenzen für das eigene Leben. Ein Buch wie eine beste Freundin – mit zahlreichen Tipps für eine Heilung und einen Neuanfang. Einfühlsam, mit einem Koffer voller praktischer Tipps und medizinischem Wissen begleitet Caroline Lehmann die Leser•innen durch die wohl schwerste Zeit ihres Lebens. Mit einem Hebammenkommentar von Dana Ruff.
- Published
- 2024
9. Photocatalytic Nanowires-Based Air Filter: Towards Reusable Protective Masks
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Cyprien Mercier, Endre Horváth, László Forró, Lidia Rossi, Caroline Lehmann, and Andrzej Sienkiewicz
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Materials science ,Nanowire ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biomaterials ,Electrochemistry ,Air purifier ,TiO2 ,Personal protective equipment ,Air filter ,reactive oxygen species ,filter ,Full Paper ,business.industry ,electron spin resonance ,E. coli ,Full Papers ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,nanowires ,Air conditioning ,Filter (video) ,Photocatalysis ,Current (fluid) ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,photocatalysis - Abstract
In the last couple decades, several viral outbreaks resulting in epidemics and pandemics with thousands of human causalities have been witnessed. The current Covid‐19 outbreak represents an unprecedented crisis. In stopping the virus’ spread, it is fundamental to have personal protective equipment and disinfected surfaces. Here, the development of a TiO2 nanowires (TiO2NWs) based filter is reported, which it is believed will work extremely well for personal protective equipment (PPE), as well as for a new generation of air conditioners and air purifiers. Its efficiency relies on the photocatalytic generation of high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon UV illumination, and on a particularly high dielectric constant of TiO2, which is of paramount importance for enhanced wettability by the water droplets carrying the germs. The filter pore sizes can be tuned by processing TiO2NWs into filter paper. The kilogram‐scale production capability of TiO2NWs gives credibility to its massive application potentials., In TiO2 nanowire‐based filters, the high dielectric constant of TiO2 enhances the wettability by the water droplets carrying the bacteria or viruses. Upon UV illumination, reactive oxygen species (e.g., OH., O2 −., H2O2) are created, which destroy the germs. Such a filter is suitable for reusable personal protective mask, for a new generation of air conditioners and air purifiers.
- Published
- 2020
10. Alpha- and beta- diversity of woody species across environmental gradients in African and Australian tropical savannas
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Caroline Lehmann and Felix Trotter
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Ecology ,Alpha diversity ,Biology ,human activities - Abstract
Patterns of woody plant diversity in the tropical savanna biome has received little research attention but is relevant to understanding the complex vegetation dynamics of a biome that have remained contentious for almost a century. Tropical savannas of Africa and Australia are defined by the co-existence of woody plants and grasses, and the evolution and assembly of the savanna biome trace back 3-10 million years. Here, we explored patterns of local (alpha-) diversity and species turnover (beta-diversity) of woody plant species across African and Australian savannas. We aimed test the relative role of the environmental gradients of rainfall, temperature, fire and soil in shaping the relative abundance of all of woody species, genera, and families. Using generalized additive models (GAMs) and generalised dissimilarity models (GDMs) of field inventory data from vegetation plots across sub-Saharan Africa and Northern Australia we analysed changes in alpha- and beta-diversity. Environmental gradients were characterised as effective rainfall (ER), rainfall seasonality (coefficient of variation of monthly rainfall), mean annual temperature (MAT), temperature seasonality, fire frequency, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in soils.Savannas in Australia are on average drier and hotter than in Africa likely as a product of lower altitude. Crucially, diversity across all taxonomic levels is approximately two to three times greater in Africa compared with Australia. Within each continent, rainfall seasonality was the strongest environmental correlate of both alpha- and beta-diversity. In Africa, there is a strongly negative relationship between alpha-diversity at all taxonomic levels and rainfall seasonality. In contrast, in Australia, the relationship between alpha-diversity and rainfall seasonality while relevant is non-linear. Surprisingly within continents, rainfall, temperature, soils and fire had little bearing in these data on patterns of alpha diversity.In terms of beta-diversity, and likely linked to the overall differences in diversity between continents, the geographic distance equalling total species turnover is greater in Australia than in Africa. Effective rainfall was the only additional significant correlate of woody species turnover in Australia, but only in arid regions. In Australia, at higher taxonomic levels the capacity of GDMs to explain variation in the data diminished substantially as a product of low diversity in genera and families. When compared to Australia, species turnover in Africa increases when geographic distance, rainfall seasonality and mean annual temperature are relatively low.Our findings highlight that with ongoing climate change specifically with shifts in rainfall distribution that will also affect local drought regimes, rainfall seasonality could substantially alter patterns of diversity, specifically in Africa. There have been persistent attempts to explain ecosystem dynamics in savannas with respect to climate, soils and fire with emphasis often on total rainfall, but our findings suggest that rainfall seasonality can have strong effects on diversity that may interact with other environmental correlates such as fire.
- Published
- 2020
11. Allgemeine Grundlagen und Definitionen
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Caroline Lehmann
- Abstract
Die Geschichte der DTC-Branche beginnt mit genetischen Herkunftsbestimmungen. Die ersten DNA-basierten genealogischen Online-Tests wurden im Jahre 2000 von Family Tree DNA angeboten. Es folgten AncestryDNA, 23andMe, deCODE und MyHeritage.
- Published
- 2020
12. Die Mitochondrienersatztherapie
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Maja Caroline Lehmann
- Published
- 2020
13. Ergebnisse
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Caroline Lehmann
- Published
- 2020
14. Methode
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Caroline Lehmann
- Published
- 2020
15. Online-Gentests
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Caroline Lehmann
- Published
- 2020
16. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
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Caroline Lehmann
- Published
- 2020
17. Diskussion
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Caroline Lehmann
- Published
- 2020
18. Savannas are vital but overlooked carbon sinks
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Andy, Dobson, Grant, Hopcraft, Simon, Mduma, Joseph O, Ogutu, John, Fryxell, T Michael, Anderson, Sally, Archibald, Caroline, Lehmann, Joyce, Poole, Tim, Caro, Monique Borgerhoff, Mulder, Robert D, Holt, Joel, Berger, Daniel I, Rubenstein, Paula, Kahumbu, Emmanuel N, Chidumayo, E J, Milner-Gulland, Dolph, Schluter, Sarah, Otto, Andrew, Balmford, David, Wilcove, Stuart, Pimm, Joseph W, Veldman, Han, Olff, Reed, Noss, Ricardo, Holdo, Colin, Beale, Gareth, Hempson, Yustina, Kiwango, David, Lindenmayer, William, Bond, Mark, Ritchie, Anthony R E, Sinclair, and Olff group
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,General Science & Technology - Published
- 2022
19. Dense Bodies of a gH/gL/UL128/UL130/UL131 Pentamer-Repaired Towne Strain of Human Cytomegalovirus Induce an Enhanced Neutralizing Antibody Response
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Caroline Lehmann, Bodo Plachter, Christine Zimmermann, Nicole Büscher, Jessica Julia Falk, Patricia Gogesch, Inessa Penner, and Christian Sinzger
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Male ,Human cytomegalovirus ,Foreskin ,Immunology ,Congenital cytomegalovirus infection ,Cytomegalovirus ,Mutagenesis (molecular biology technique) ,Microbiology ,Virus ,Cytomegalovirus Vaccines ,Mice ,Viral Envelope Proteins ,Antigen ,Virology ,Vaccines and Antiviral Agents ,Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Neutralizing antibody ,Cells, Cultured ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Membrane Glycoproteins ,biology ,Immunogenicity ,medicine.disease ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,chemistry ,Multiprotein Complexes ,Insect Science ,Cytomegalovirus Infections ,biology.protein ,Rabbits ,Glycoprotein - Abstract
The development of a vaccine against human cytomegalovirus infection (HCMV) is a high-priority medical goal. The viral pentameric protein complex consisting of glycoprotein H (gH)/gL/UL128-131A (PC) is considered to be an important vaccine component. Its relevance to the induction of a protective antibody response is, however, still a matter of debate. We addressed this issue by using subviral dense bodies (DBs) of HCMV. DBs are exceptionally immunogenic. Laboratory HCMV strain DBs harbor important neutralizing antibody targets, like the glycoproteins B, H, L, M, and N, but they are devoid of the PC. To be able to directly compare the impact of the PC on the levels of neutralizing antibody (NT-abs) responses, a PC-positive variant of the HCMV laboratory strain Towne was established by bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) mutagenesis (Towne-UL130rep). This strain synthesized PC-positive DBs upon infection of fibroblasts. These DBs were used in side-by-side immunizations with PC-negative Towne DBs. Mouse and rabbit sera were tested to address the impact of the PC on DB immunogenicity. The neutralizing antibody response to PC-positive DBs was superior to that of PC-negative DBs, as tested on fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells and for both animal species used. The experiments revealed the potential of the PC to enhance the antibody response against HCMV. Of particular interest was the finding that PC-positive DBs induced an antibody response that blocked the infection of fibroblasts by a PC-positive viral strain more efficiently than sera following immunizations with PC-negative particles. IMPORTANCE Infections with the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) may cause severe and even life-threatening disease manifestations in newborns and immunosuppressed individuals. Several strategies for the development of a vaccine against this virus are currently pursued. A critical question in this respect refers to the antigenic composition of a successful vaccine. Using a subviral particle vaccine candidate, we show here that one protein complex of HCMV, termed the pentameric complex (PC), enhances the neutralizing antibody response against viral infection of different cell types. We further show for the first time that this not only relates to the infection of epithelial or endothelial cells; the presence of the PC in the particles also enhanced the neutralizing antibody response against the infection of fibroblasts by HCMV. Together, these findings argue in favor of including the PC in strategies for HCMV vaccine development.
- Published
- 2019
20. Evaluation of life cycle defective adenovirus mutants for production of adeno‐associated virus vectors
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Stefan Kochanek, Caroline Lehmann, Erika Schmidt, Alexandra Krüger-Haag, Markus Hörer, and Florian Sonntag
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0301 basic medicine ,viruses ,Genetic enhancement ,Genetic Vectors ,Mutant ,Gene Expression ,Biology ,Transfection ,Virus Replication ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virus ,Adenoviridae ,Cell Line ,03 medical and health sciences ,Transduction (genetics) ,0302 clinical medicine ,Viral life cycle ,Genes, Reporter ,Transduction, Genetic ,Gene Order ,Drug Discovery ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Transgenes ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Adeno-associated virus ,Genetics (clinical) ,Dependovirus ,Virology ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Helper virus ,Mutation ,Molecular Medicine ,Genetic Engineering ,Helper Viruses - Abstract
Background Adeno-associated virus-based vectors are efficient and safe drug candidates for different in vivo gene therapy applications. With increasing numbers of clinical studies based on AAV2 vectors that include not only rare, but also common diseases as a therapeutic target, there is an increased demand for the development of improved production technologies. Methods In the present study, we compared two life cycle defective adenovirus mutants as helper viruses for AAV2 vector production. They had deletions either in the gene coding for the preterminal protein (pTP) that is expressed early in the viral life cycle and is essential for genome replication or in the gene coding for the 100K protein, a protein with many functions, one of which is involved in virus assembly. AAV2 vector production efficiencies were evaluated by analyzing genome-containing particles using a real-time polymerase chain reaction and functional units were investigated by transduction assays. Results Somewhat contrary to our expectations, the ∆100K mutant virus showed only a moderate efficiency as a helper virus for AAV2 vector production, whereas the replication-deficient ∆pTP mutant supported AAV2 production almost as efficiently as adenovirus wild-type. We also showed that a temperature shift to 32°C together with extended incubation times improved AAV2 vector productivity. Conclusions The present study indicates the advantages of using a ∆pTP mutant adenovirus rather than adenovirus wild-type as a helper virus for AAV2 production and also indicates that temperature shifts to lower temperatures may improve AAV2 vector production rates.
- Published
- 2019
21. Online-Gentests : Eine kritische Analyse der Chancen und Risiken unter besonderer Berücksichtigung rechtlicher und ethischer Aspekte
- Author
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Caroline Lehmann and Caroline Lehmann
- Subjects
- Medical genetics, Primary care (Medicine)
- Abstract
Online-Gentests oder Direct-to-Consumer (DTC)-Gentests sind kommerziell verfügbare Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung individueller genetischer Merkmale eines Menschen. Online-Gentests werden weltweit über das Internet ohne Beteiligung eines Arztes verkauft. Die Entwicklung dieses Marktes floriert, jedoch sind durch die neuen Testverfahren auch Risiken entstanden. Anhand einer Marktanalyse entschlüsselt die vorliegende Arbeit die DTC-Branche und zeigt auf, dass die online verfügbaren Gentest-Angebote auf nahezu alle Lebensbereiche des Menschen ausgerichtet sind. Die Angebote genetischer Analysen reichen von der Auswahl des optimalen Partners über Vaterschaftstests bis hin zur Erhebung genetischer Risikoprofile für Krebserkrankungen oder die Vorhersage der Lebenserwartung; sogar Analysen des gesamten menschlichen Genoms sind über das Internet bestellbar und können ohne ärztliche Begleitung durchgeführt werden. Der Trend der Online-Gentests demonstriert eindrucksvoll die neuen Herausforderungen unserer Zeit. Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller technischer Entwicklungen in der Gendiagnostik setzt sich die Arbeit mit der rechtlichen Zulässigkeit sowie den Chancen und Risiken auseinander, die mit der Durchführung kommerzieller Erbgut-Analysen verbunden sind. Dies eröffnet sowohl die ethische Diskussion um Online-Gentests als auch die Frage nach Lösungsansätzen. Ob und inwieweit gesetzgeberischer Handlungsbedarf besteht, wird abschließend anhand von Lösungsmöglichkeiten erarbeitet.
- Published
- 2020
22. Die Mitochondrienersatztherapie : Eine rechtliche und rechtspolitische Analyse zwischen PID, Eizellspende und Keimbahntherapie
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Maja Caroline Lehmann and Maja Caroline Lehmann
- Abstract
Man entnehme der Eizelle einer Kinderwunschpatientin in vitro den Zellkern, transferiere ihn in die ebenfalls zuvor entkernte Eizellhülle einer fremden Frau und verwende die modifizierte Eizelle im Anschluss zur Befruchtung - so der Ansatz der Mitochondrienersatztherapie. Verhindert werden soll auf diese Weise eine über das mütterliche Eizellzytoplasma erfolgende Vererbung defekter Mitochondrien, die andernfalls eine u.U. schwere Erkrankung des Abkömmlings zur Folge haben könnte. Das 1991 als Strafgesetz in Kraft getretene Embryonenschutzgesetz verbietet den Austausch dieser Zellbestandteile dennoch - wenn auch nicht lückenlos. Maja Caroline Lehmann analysiert die bestehenden Strafbarkeitsrisiken und erarbeitet einen Reformvorschlag, der die aufgedeckte Inkonsistenz des geltenden Rechts beseitigt und eine einzelfallbezogene begrenzte Zulassung der Methode ermöglicht. Abschließend überprüft sie die sich dabei ergebenden grundrechtlichen Beschränkungen auf ihre verfassungsrechtliche Legitimation.
- Published
- 2020
23. Kommentar II zum Fall: 'Selektiver Fetozid bei Zwillingsschwangerschaft'
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Maja Caroline Lehmann
- Subjects
Gynecology ,Philosophy ,Issues, ethics and legal aspects ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,medicine ,Reproductive medicine ,business - Published
- 2017
24. CMS-G from Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima is maintained in natural populations despite containing an atypical cytochrome c oxidase
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Lea Brings, Kristina Kühn, Pascal Touzet, Caroline Lehmann, Stéphane Boivin, Ralph Bock, Etienne H. Meyer, Isabelle De Cauwer, Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Max-Planck-Institut, Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP))
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Genetics ,Mitochondrial DNA ,[SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] ,Cytochrome c ,Protein subunit ,Cytoplasmic male sterility ,Mutant ,Cell Biology ,Gynodioecy ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,health services administration ,Pollen ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Cytochrome c oxidase ,Molecular Biology ,health care economics and organizations ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
While mitochondrial mutants of the respiratory machinery are rare and often lethal, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a mitochondrially inherited trait that results in pollen abortion, is frequently encountered in wild populations. It generates a breeding system called gynodioecy. In Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima, a gynodioecious species, we found CMS-G to be widespread across the distribution range of the species. Despite the sequencing of the mitochondrial genome of CMS-G, the mitochondrial sterilizing factor causing CMS-G is still unknown. By characterizing biochemically CMS-G, we found that the expression of several mitochondrial proteins is altered in CMS-G plants. In particular, Cox1, a core subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), is larger but can still assemble into complex IV. However, the CMS-G-specific complex IV was only detected as a stabilized dimer. We did not observe any alteration of the affinity of complex IV for cytochrome c; however, in CMS-G, complex IV capacity is reduced. Our results show that CMS-G is maintained in many natural populations despite being associated with an atypical complex IV. We suggest that the modified complex IV could incur the associated cost predicted by theoretical models to maintain gynodioecy in wild populations.
- Published
- 2018
25. 2. Methoden des Fertilitätserhalts
- Author
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Jana Liebenthron, Sören von Otte, Hans-Christian Schuppe, Frank-Michael Köhn, Helmut Frister, DM Baston-Büst, Jan-Steffen Krüssel, Sabine Kliesch, Markus C. Fleisch, Magdalena Balcerek, Tanja Fehm, Anja Borgmann-Staudt, H. Kentenich, Bettina Toth, Markus Fleisch, and Maja Caroline Lehmann
- Published
- 2017
26. CMS-G from
- Author
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Etienne H, Meyer, Caroline, Lehmann, Stéphane, Boivin, Lea, Brings, Isabelle, De Cauwer, Ralph, Bock, Kristina, Kühn, and Pascal, Touzet
- Subjects
Electron Transport Complex IV ,Cytoplasm ,Plant Infertility ,Genome, Mitochondrial ,Mutation ,Pollen ,Beta vulgaris ,Mitochondria - Abstract
While mitochondrial mutants of the respiratory machinery are rare and often lethal, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a mitochondrially inherited trait that results in pollen abortion, is frequently encountered in wild populations. It generates a breeding system called gynodioecy. In
- Published
- 2017
27. Ecosystem services from southern African woodlands and their future under global change
- Author
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Casey M, Ryan, Rose, Pritchard, Iain, McNicol, Matthew, Owen, Janet A, Fisher, and Caroline, Lehmann
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Conservation of Natural Resources ,miombo ,land use ,Agriculture ,Fabaceae ,Grassland ,Tanzania ,Africa, Southern ,woodfuels ,Section IV: Resources and People ,mopane ,global change ,Research Article ,energy - Abstract
Miombo and mopane woodlands are the dominant land cover in southern Africa. Ecosystem services from these woodlands support the livelihoods of 100 M rural people and 50 M urban dwellers, and others beyond the region. Provisioning services contribute $9 ± 2 billion yr(-1) to rural livelihoods; 76% of energy used in the region is derived from woodlands; and traded woodfuels have an annual value of $780 M. Woodlands support much of the region's agriculture through transfers of nutrients to fields and shifting cultivation. Woodlands store 18-24 PgC carbon, and harbour a unique and diverse flora and fauna that provides spiritual succour and attracts tourists. Longstanding processes that will impact service provision are the expansion of croplands (0.1 M km(2); 2000-2014), harvesting of woodfuels (93 M tonnes yr(-1)) and changing access arrangements. Novel, exogenous changes include large-scale land acquisitions (0.07 M km(2); 2000-2015), climate change and rising CO2 The net ecological response to these changes is poorly constrained, as they act in different directions, and differentially on trees and grasses, leading to uncertainty in future service provision. Land-use change and socio-political dynamics are likely to be dominant forces of change in the short term, but important land-use dynamics remain unquantified.This article is part of the themed issue 'Tropical grassy biomes: linking ecology, human use and conservation'.
- Published
- 2016
28. Disturbance of firefly luciferase-based bioassays by different aluminum species
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Caroline Lehmann, Holger Sieg, Alfonso Lampen, and Albert Braeuning
- Subjects
inorganic chemicals ,0301 basic medicine ,Luminescent Measurements ,Biophysics ,Apoptosis ,02 engineering and technology ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Absorbance ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Adenosine Triphosphate ,Luciferases, Firefly ,Aluminum Oxide ,Bioassay ,Humans ,Luciferase ,Cytotoxicity ,Molecular Biology ,Reporter gene ,Cell Death ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Cell Biology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Molecular biology ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Nanoparticles ,Biological Assay ,Caco-2 Cells ,0210 nano-technology ,Luminescence ,Adenosine triphosphate ,Aluminum - Abstract
Luciferase-dependent assays, important for biochemical analyses of cytotoxicity and reporter genes, may be perturbed by compounds interfering with the luciferase reaction. We analyzed the impact of different aluminum (Al) species on a luciferase-based assay for determination of cellular adenosine triphosphate. Al(0) nanoparticles (Al(0)-NPs) but not Al2O3-NPs decreased luminescence, correlated to high absorbance of Al(0)-NPs. By contrast, Al ions increased the luminescent signal. Data demonstrate that luciferase-dependent assays can be reciprocally disturbed by Al-NPs or Al ions in a specific manner, depending on the particular Al species. Careful interpretation of data from such experiments is essential in order to obtain conclusive results.
- Published
- 2015
29. Nachholbedarf
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Caroline Lehmann
- Abstract
Nirgendwo tummeln sich so viele mobilitätsbeschränkte Menschen wie im Krankenhaus. Doch paradoxerweise sind barrierefreie Eingänge, Wege und Installationen gar nicht so selbstverständlich, wie man denkt. Vor allem Behinderten sind hier oft sprichwörtlich Steine in den Weg gelegt.
- Published
- 2009
30. Ecosystem Function in Savannas
- Author
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Lindsay Hutley, Richard Lucas, Christopher A. Williams, Sally Archibald, Eduardo Rogerio Moribe Barbosa, Youngryel Ryu, Michael Hill, Pete Bunting, Luigi Boschetti, Gregory Asner, Mahta Moghaddam, Caroline Lehmann, Herbert Prins, Louis Giglio, Andres Etter, and Frank Van Langevelde
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Geography ,Ecology ,Ecosystem model ,Population ,Climate change ,Land use, land-use change and forestry ,Ecosystem ,Vegetation ,Landscape ecology ,education ,Tropical savanna climate - Abstract
Savannas: Biogeographical and Ecological Perspectives Biogeography and Dynamics of Global Tropical and Subtropical Savannas: A Spatiotemporal View, M.J. Hill, M.O. Roman, and C.B. Schaaf Tree-Grass Interactions in Savannas: Paradigms, Contradictions, and Conceptual Models, N.P. Hanan and C.E.R. Lehmann Carbon, Water and Trace Gas Fluxes in Global Savannas Disturbance and Climatic Drivers of Carbon Dynamics of a North Australian Tropical Savanna, L.B. Hutley and J. Beringer Functional Convergence in Ecosystem Carbon Exchange in Adjacent Savanna Vegetation Types of the Kruger National Park, South Africa, N.P. Hanan, N. Boulain, C.A. Williams, R.J. Scholes, and S. Archibald Flux Dynamics in the Cerrado and Cerrado-Forest Transition of Brazil, G.L. Vourlitis and H. Ribeiro da Rocha Woody Plant Rooting Depth and Ecosystem Function of Savannas: A Case Study from the Edwards Plateau Karst, Texas, M.E. Litvak, S. Schwinning, and J.L. Heilman The Dynamics of Energy, Water, and Carbon Fluxes in a Blue Oak (Quercus douglasii) Savanna in California, D. Baldocchi, Q. Chen, X. Chen, S. Ma, G. Miller, Y. Ryu, J. Xiao, R. Wenk, and J. Battles Remote Sensing of Biophysical and Biochemical Characteristics in Savannas Quantifying Carbon in Savannas: The Role of Active Sensors in Measurements of Tree Structure and Biomass, R.M. Lucas, A.C. Lee, J. Armston, J.M.B. Carreiras, K.M. Viergever, P. Bunting, D. Clewley, M. Moghaddam, P. Siqueira, and I. Woodhouse Remote Sensing of Tree-Grass Systems: The Eastern Australian Woodlands, T. Danaher, P. Scarth, J. Armston, L. Collett, J. Kitchen, and S. Gillingham Remote Sensing of Fractional Cover and Biochemistry in Savannas, G.P. Asner, S.R. Levick, and I.P.J. Smit Woody Fractional Cover in Kruger National Park, South Africa: Remote-Sensing-Based Maps and Ecological Insights, G. Bucini, N.P. Hanan, R.B. Boone, I.P.J. Smit, S. Saatchi, M.A. Lefsky, and G.P. Asner Remote Sensing of Global Savanna Fire Occurrence, Extent, and Properties, D.P. Roy, L. Boschetti, and L. Giglio Perspectives on Patch to Landscape Scale Savanna Processes and Modeling Understanding Tree-Grass Coexistence and Impacts of Disturbance and Resource Variability in Savannas, F. van Langevelde, K. Tomlinson, E.R.M. Barbosa, S. de Bie, H.H.T. Prins, and S.I. Higgins Spatially Explicit Modeling of Savanna Processes, K.M. Meyer, K. Wiegand, and D. Ward The Interaction of Fire and Rainfall Variability on Tree Structure and Carbon Fluxes in Savannas: Application of the Flames Model, A. Liedloff and G.D. Cook Population and Ecosystem Modeling of Land Use and Climate Change Impacts on Arid and Semiarid Savanna Dynamics, F. Jeltsch, B. Tietjen, N. Blaum, and E. Rossmanith Regional Carbon Dynamics in Savanna Systems: Remote Sensing and Modeling Applications Integration of Remote Sensing and Modeling to Understand Carbon Fluxes and Climate Interactions in Africa, C.A. Williams Timescales and Dynamics of Carbon in Australia's Savannas, D.J. Barrett Land Use Change and the Carbon Budget in the Brazilian Cerrado, M.M.C. Bustamante and L.G. Ferreira Land Use Changes (1970-2020) and the Carbon Emissions in the Colombian Llanos, A. Etter, A. Sarmiento, and M.H. Romero Modeling Vegetation, Carbon, and Nutrient Dynamics in the Savanna Woodlands of Australia with the AussieGRASS Model, J.O. Carter, D. Bruget, B. Henry, R. Hassett, G. Stone, K. Day, N. Flood, and G. McKeon Continental and Global Scale Modeling of Savannas Carbon Cycles and Vegetation Dynamics of Savannas Based on Global Satellite Products, C. Potter CENTURY-SAVANNA Model for Tree-Grass Ecosystems, W.J. Parton, R.J. Scholes, K. Day, John O. Carter, and R. Kelly Climate-Fire Interactions and Savanna Ecosystems: A Dynamic Vegetation Modeling Study for the African Continent, A. Arneth, V. Lehsten, K. Thonicke, and A. Spessa Understanding Savannas as Coupled Human-Natural Systems People in Savanna Ecosystems: Land Use, Change, and Sustainability, K.A. Galvin and R.S. Reid Social and Environmental Change in Global Savannas: Linking Social Variables to Biophysical Dynamics, M.D. Turner Synthesis Current Approaches to Measurement, Remote Sensing, and Modeling in Savannas: A Synthesis, M.J. Hill and N.P. Hanan Index
- Published
- 2010
31. Identification of SLURP-1 as an epidermal neuromodulator explains the clinical phenotype of Mal de Meleda
- Author
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Daniel Hohl, Fabrice Chimienti, Daniel Bertrand, Laure Plantard, Marcel Huber, Ron C. Hogg, Noureddine Brakch, Judith Fischer, and Caroline Lehmann
- Subjects
Models, Molecular ,DNA, Complementary ,Patch-Clamp Techniques ,Microinjections ,Genes, Recessive ,Moths ,Biology ,Cell Line ,Meleda disease ,Xenopus laevis ,Keratoderma, Palmoplantar ,Genetics ,medicine ,LYNX1 ,Animals ,Antigens, Ly ,Humans ,Receptors, Cholinergic ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Cell adhesion ,Receptor ,Molecular Biology ,Genetics (clinical) ,Acetylcholine receptor ,Cell Nucleus ,Neurotransmitter Agents ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,integumentary system ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ,Acetylcholine ,Recombinant Proteins ,Clone Cells ,Protein Structure, Tertiary ,Cell biology ,Phenotype ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Nicotinic agonist ,Mutation ,Immunology ,Oocytes ,Female ,Epidermis ,Signal transduction ,Peptides ,Keratinocyte ,Acetylcholine/metabolism Amino Acid Sequence Animals Antigens, Ly/chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification/pharmacology Cell Line Cell Nucleus/metabolism Clone Cells DNA, Complementary/administration & dosage/metabolism Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Epidermis/*metabolism Female Genes, Recessive Humans Keratoderma, Palmoplantar/*genetics/metabolism/pathology Microinjections Models, Molecular Moths/cytology Mutation Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism Oocytes/metabolism Patch-Clamp Techniques Peptides/chemistry/genetics/metabolism Phenotype Protein Structure, Tertiary Receptors, Cholinergic/drug effects/metabolism Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification/metabolism Urinary Plasminogen Activator/chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification/pharmacology Xenopus laevis/physiology - Abstract
Mal de Meleda is an autosomal recessive inflammatory and keratotic palmoplantar skin disorder due to mutations in the ARS B gene, encoding for SLURP-1 (secreted mammalian Ly-6/uPAR-related protein 1). SLURP-1 belongs to the Ly-6/uPAR superfamily of receptor and secreted proteins, which participate in signal transduction, immune cell activation or cellular adhesion. The high degree of structural similarity between SLURP-1 and the three fingers motif of snake neurotoxins and Lynx1 suggests that this protein interacts with the neuronal acetylcholine receptors. We found that SLURP-1 potentiates the human alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that are present in keratinocytes. These results identify SLURP-1 as a secreted epidermal neuromodulator which is likely to be essential for both epidermal homeostasis and inhibition of TNF-alpha release by macrophages during wound healing. This explains both the hyperproliferative as well as the inflammatory clinical phenotype of Mal de Meleda.
- Published
- 2003
32. Die gesetzliche Regelung der Präimplantationsdiagnostik
- Author
-
Helmut Frister and Maja Caroline Lehmann
- Published
- 2012
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