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In the current communication, simple, environmentally compatible, non-toxic green chemistry process is used for the development of silver nanoparticles (AgZE) by the reaction between silver nitrate (AgNO3) and the ethanolic leaf extract of Zinnia elegans (ZE). The optimization of AgZE is carried out using a series of experiments. Various physico-chemical techniques are utilized to characterize the nanomaterials. The cell viability assay of AgZE in normal cells (CHO and HEK-293) shows their biocompatible nature which is supported by hemolytic assay using mouse RBC. Interestingly, the nanoparticles exhibited cytotoxicity towards different cancer cell lines (U-87, MCF-7, HeLa and PANC-1). The detailed anticancer activity of AgZE on human glioblastoma cell line (U-87) is exhibited through various in vitro assays. In vivo the AgZE illustrates anticancer activity by inhibiting blood vessel formation through CAM assay. Furthermore, the AgZE nanoparticles when intraperitoneally injected in C57BL6/J mice exhibit fluorescence properties in the NIR region (excitation: 710nm, emission: 820nm) evidenced by bioimaging studies. The AgZE biodistribution through ICPOES analysis illustrates the presence of silver in different vital organs. Considering all the results, AgZE could be useful as a potential cancer therapeutic agent as well as NIR based non-invasive imaging tool in near future.

Simple Summary Chemotherapy, a conventional treatment strategy, is associated with several limitations. Alternatively, cancer nanotechnology offers new strategies for remedy from drug delivery and extending to therapeutics using nanoformulation. Recently, silver nanoparticles were utilized for different cancer theranostics. In this context, the current manuscript demonstrates the design and development of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgZE) and their applications for cancer theranostics. The synthesized AgZE is optimized and thoroughly characterized. The AgZE exhibits biocompatibility and selective anticancer activity towards the cancer cell lines established through various assays. The fluorescence properties of AgZE are observed in the NIR region (excitation: 710 nm, emission: 820 nm) in the normal and tumor bearing C57BL6/J mice. The silver of AgZE is found to be biodistributed in different vital organs as analyzed by ICPOES. Thereafter, these results highlight that AgZE could be an efficient cancer therapeutic and NIR based non-invasive imaging agent in the upcoming times. Abstract In the current communication, a simple, environmentally compatible, non-toxic green chemistry process is used for the development of silver nanoparticles (AgZE) by the reaction between silver nitrate (AgNO3) and the ethanolic leaf extract of Zinnia elegans (ZE). The optimization of AgZE is carried out using a series of experiments. Various physico-chemical techniques are utilized to characterize the nanomaterials. The cell viability assay of AgZE in normal cells (CHO, HEK-293T, EA.hy926, and H9c2) shows their biocompatible nature, which is supported by hemolytic assay using mouse RBC. Interestingly, the nanoparticles exhibited cytotoxicity towards different cancer cell lines (U-87, MCF-7, HeLa, PANC-1 and B16F10). The detailed anticancer activity of AgZE on human glioblastoma cell line (U-87) is exhibited through various in vitro assays. In vivo the AgZE illustrates anticancer activity by inhibiting blood vessel formation through CAM assay. Furthermore, the AgZE nanoparticles when intraperitoneally injected in C57BL6/J mice (with and without tumor) exhibit fluorescence properties in the NIR region (excitation: 710 nm, emission: 820 nm) evidenced by bioimaging studies. The AgZE biodistribution through ICPOES analysis illustrates the presence of silver in different vital organs. Considering all the results, AgZE could be useful as a potential cancer therapeutic agent, as well as an NIR based non-invasive imaging tool in near future.

Brain cancer is considered to be one of the most-deadly and life-threatening diseases among all cancers. It is one of the most prevalent causes of mortality throughout the world. The present and conventional treatment strategies are associated with several limitations such as the inability to cross the blood–brain barrier, problems in transferring drugs to brain tumors, the metastatic nature of gliomas, and drug resistance. Other limitations include not reaching the target point, the toxicity of chemotherapy, the nonspecific side effects of radiation therapy, and the high cost of treatment. As a consequence there is inadequate prognosis for brain cancers. Therefore to overcome the limitations of conventional treatment strategies there is a search for new technologies that can enhance the treatment procedures as well as curb the disease. To this end, nanotechnology with its variety of features is making its way into the field of biomedical applications, including in diagnostics and therapeutics. Hence with the advent of nanotechnology, scientists and researchers are taking large steps to widen the treatment and diagnosis options of brain cancers. Numerous reports demonstrate the use of nanoparticles for theranostic applications in brain cancers. In this chapter, the types of brain cancers, their pathophysiology, and market value are highlighted. Thereafter, the chapter includes a discussion about the involvement of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of brain cancers through various modes and methods. The trend of using nanoparticles for the overall upliftment of brain cancers has been explored in detail. Finally, the chapter is concluded by highlighting the potential usage of nanomedicine in the area of brain cancer research, its future perspectives, and challenges.