Search

ABSTRACT: Rabies is an invariably fatal infectious-contagious viral disease caused by viruses in the genus Lyssavirus, which affects the central nervous system of domestic and wild mammals. This study draws attention to the importance of insectivorous bats and domestic cats in the epidemiology of rabies. For this, two cases of rabies registered in domestic cats in the southeast region of Rio Grande do Sul were analyzed. Diagnoses were based on histological alterations and positive staining for the virus in direct immunofluorescence with confirmation by biological test, immunohistochemical evaluation and identification of the rabies virus variant by polymerase chain reaction. In Brazil, a change in the epidemiological profile of rabies has been observed, in which bats play a major role in the current chain of transmission of the disease. It is noteworthy, that the antigenic viral variant AgV-4, typical of the insectivorous bat Tadarida brasiliensis, was identified in the domestic cats affected in this study.

Signaling pathways that integrate a large set of inputs (both extra- and intracellular) to control cell proliferation are essential during both development and adult stages to guarantee organism homeostasis. Mobs are small adaptor proteins that participate in several of these signaling pathways. Here, we review recent advances unravelling Mob4 cellular functions, a highly conserved non-catalytic protein, that plays a diversity of roles in cell proliferation, sperm cell differentiation and is simultaneously involved in synapse formation and neural development. In addition, the gene is often overexpressed in a large diversity of tumors and is linked to poor clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, Mob4 molecular functions remain poorly defined, although it integrates the core structure of STRIPAK, a kinase/phosphatase protein complex, that can act upstream of the Hippo pathway. In this review we focus on the recent findings of Mob4 functions, that have begun to clarify its critical role on cell proliferation and the development of tissues and individuals.

Severe hypertriglyceridemia can complicate diabetic ketoacidosis but is rarely reported in the pediatric population. The recognition of this entity is important for proper management and to prevent associated morbidities. We report a 6-year-old girl with new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus, who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperlipidemia. In addition to treatment with intravenous insulin, plasmapheresis was performed for management of hypertriglyceridemia. We intend to demonstrate the applicability of this technique in the presence of extremely high serum triglyceridemic levels, as primary prevention of hypertriglyceridemia complications.

Acute bilateral blindness is an emergent condition that may signal life-threatening disease. The approach focuses on identification of life-threatening disease processes, while differentiating between ocular, psychogenic and neurologic aetiologies. We present the case of an 88-year-old man with multiple cardiovascular risk factors and bilateral chronic glaucoma and cataracts. He presented to the emergency department with sudden onset bilateral loss of visual acuity with no other relevant changes on physical examination, including other neurologic deficits. Ophthalmologic observation showed no sign of acute disease. Contrast orbit and cranioencephalic CT was unremarkable, so the patient underwent an orbit and cranioencephalic MRI that showed changes in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences and diffusion restriction involving the optic chiasm and the initial segment of the optic radiations bilaterally. Optic chiasm strokes are rare, owing to the rich supply of collateral circulation. The most frequent presentation is bitemporal hemianopsia but rarer presentations are described. Bilateral loss of visual acuity is very rare and infarction of the whole optic chiasm is unusual.

O artigo apresenta o arquivo do físico José Leite Lopes, doado ao Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil, em 2011. Leite Lopes foi um cientista cujas contribuições para a história da ciência e da física no Brasil são reconhecidas internacionalmente. Fundou, ao lado de César Lattes, o Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas e apoiou a criação de instituições como o Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico e o Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia. O arquivo José Leite Lopes enriquece a preservação da memória científica e política do Brasil, oferecendo oportunidades de pesquisa sobre a vida e legado desse importante cientista brasileiro.

Building on a dialogue and an opportunity to open the conversation between Educational Theory and Philosophy and Sociology of Childhood, this paper departs from the emerging theories about common/s in education, proposing a new terrain (beyond public and private) where more collective educational experiences may emerge. We aim to contribute to revisit the field of education, democracy, and childhood. Considering Chantal Mouffe’s conception of agonistic democracy and Jacques Rancière’s plea for its eventful existence, we argue that education must embrace the tensions within democratic experiences, overcoming the modern and rational approaches that underlie its theory and policy. Our argument is strengthened when we bring forth the contribution of Sociology of Childhood to revise conceptions of childhood underneath the established theories of education and democracy. We argue for a view of education as a common good and a commoning experience that enhances children’s opportunities to participate in a common world.

Objectives: To evaluate an explanatory model of direct and indirect associations regarding the psychological health of older caregivers of functionally dependent older adults. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed with older caregivers recruited in contexts of outpatient and home care. We collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, duration of caregiving, physical and cognitive function indicators of the older care recipients, perceived burden, family functioning, and psychological health measures (psychological need satisfaction and depressive symptoms). Results: We evaluated 133 caregivers (76% female, 69.5 ± 6.98 years). Variables that were significantly correlated with psychological health were selected to form an association model to be tested by structural equation modeling via path analysis. Depressive symptom variability was best explained by this model. Caregiver burden remained in the model as a mediator of indirect associations between physical function for instrumental activities of daily living and indicators of family functioning and psychological health. Three associative paths between caregiver burden and depressive symptoms were found — one of them was direct and the other two were mediated whether by family functioning or by the level of psychological need satisfaction. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms were the psychological health indicator best explained by the model involving instrumental functional demands that generate burden. Clinical consequences suggested by the model indicate interventions aimed at family functioning and opportunities of psychological need satisfaction as strategies for promoting caregivers' psychological health.

The Acacia longifolia species is known for its rapid growth and dissemination, causing loss of biodiversity in the affected areas. In order to avoid the uncontrolled spread of this species, it is important to effectively monitor its distribution on the agroforestry regions. For this purpose, this paper proposes the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for the detection of Acacia longifolia, from images acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle. Two models based on the same CNN architecture were elaborated. One classifies image patches into one of nine possible classes, which are later converted into a binary model; this model presented an accuracy of 98.6% and 98.5% in the validation and training sets, respectively. The second model was trained directly for binary classification and showed an accuracy of 98.8% and 98.7% for the validation and test sets, respectively. The results show that the use of multiple classes, useful to provide the aerial vehicle with richer semantic information regarding the environment, does not hamper the accuracy of Acacia longifolia detection in the classifier’s primary task. The presented system also includes a method for increasing classification’s accuracy by consulting an expert to review the model’s predictions on an automatically selected sub-set of the samples.

Unhealthy eating behaviors, such as consumption of unhealthy diet and emotional eating, are common in adolescence and tend to co-occur. However, how these behaviors are patterned may vary among adolescents. This study identified patterns of dietary consumption and emotional eating behaviors in adolescents and examined the sociodemographic and psychosocial (e.g., self-efficacy beliefs and motivation) covariates associated with these eating patterns. Data were from the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health and Eating study. Latent class analysis was used to estimate adolescent dietary patterns from dietary consumption (i.e., fruits, vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages, junk food, etc.) and emotional eating variables (i.e., eating when feeling sad or anxious). The sample included 1,568 adolescents (Mean age = 14.48-years-old, 49% girls, 55% White). A four-class solution best fit the data (e.g., Bayesian Information Criteria [BIC] = 12263.568, three-class model BIC = 12271.622). Four unhealthy eating behavior patterns were identified: poor diet/high emotional eating, mixed diet/high emotional eating, poor diet/low emotional eating, and mixed diet/low emotional eating. Compared to the poor diet/high emotional eating group, the other groups were less likely to include older adolescents, girls, and adolescents who experienced food insecurity, and more likely to have higher self-efficacy for eating fruits and vegetables and limiting junk foods as well as motivation for consuming fruits and vegetables and limiting junk foods. Our findings highlight adolescents' complex dietary patterns that include dietary consumption and emotional eating behaviors. Future studies should examine other potential dietary patterns that include emotional eating. Efforts to address unhealthy patterns of adolescents' dietary consumption and emotional eating behaviors should be expanded.

Background: Mental health first aid programs show promise in reducing stigma and increasing help-seeking. However, the success of these and other mental health interventions are likely affected by health literacy. Yet, health literacy is understudied in the mental health literature and rarely considered in mental health interventions. Objective: This study explored the relationship between health literacy and mental health stigma, aversion to mental health help-seeking, and willingness to interact with individuals with mental illnesses. Methods: Adults (N = 601, mean age = 45.64) completed online surveys of their health literacy and mental health attitudes and beliefs. Hierarchal linear regression models were estimated to examine the relationship between health literacy and mental health attitudes and beliefs. Path models were estimated to determine if stigma mediated the relationship between health literacy and (1) aversion to help-seeking and (2) willingness to interact with individuals with mental illnesses. Key Results: Adults with higher functional and communicative health literacy had lower mental health stigma and aversion to mental health help-seeking. Adults with higher communicative health literacy and empowerment were more willing to interact with individuals with mental illnesses. Mental health stigma partially mediated the relationships between communicative health literacy and aversion to mental health help-seeking and willingness to interact with individuals with mental illnesses. Mental health stigma fully mediated the relationships between functional health literacy and aversion to mental health help-seeking and willingness to interact with individuals with mental illnesses. Conclusions: Results support including health literacy in mental health interventions and reiterate addressing stigma in community and clinical settings. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2022;6(4):e270–e279.] Plain Language Summary: Many adults with mental health problems do not get help because of negative beliefs about mental health. We found that adults with more skills for accessing, understanding, and using health information had fewer negative opinions and were more willing to interact with others with mental health problems. Improving those skills may reduce negative opinions about mental health and seeking help.

The red flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus is a large pleuronectiform fish endemic in coastal waters, coastal lagoons and estuaries in the southwestern Atlantic. Although less abundant than other Paralichthys spp, its high price makes it a valuable resource for small-scale fishers that have been intensely fished in the last decades. To study its growth and lifespan in southern Brazil, we examined thin otolith sections collected for age determinations of both young-of-the-year (YOY) and older fishes. Opaque bands form mainly in spring and summer, coincident with the reproductive season. Larger and older males reached 601 mm and eight years, while females reached 985 mm and 11 years. The assumed daily microincrements counts ranged from 127 to 196 for YOY of 135 to 184 mm TL. The common weight-length equation for grouped sexes was TW♀♂=0.000015TL2.93 (mm, g). The von Bertalanffy growth equations were: TL♀=1076(1–e–0.15 (t+0.78)); TL♂=652(1–e–0.28 (t+0.48)); and TL♀♂=839(1–e–0.20 (t+0.67)). Therefore, P. orbignyanus is a fast-growing and relatively short-living species for which females attain larger length and older ages than males, characteristics that have to be taken into account for its stock assessment and management.

ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study based on the Self Determination Theory to identify intrinsic motivation in the tutorial group scenario, and its associated factors in 276 medical students from a college in the Northeast of Brazil between October and December 2016. The Intrinsic Motivation Inventory was utilized following its adaptation and cross-cultural translation. Variables studied: age, gender, marital status, financial dependents, number of attempts at the university entrance exam for the medical course, current semester of study, previous undergraduate training, living with parents, choice of course by parental influence or pressure. Uni and multivariate Poisson analysis were carried out to assess the factors associated with intrinsic motivation; p

The complications of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) include kidney disease, and most dialysis patients are diagnosed with MetS. The benefit of exercise training (ET) for MetS treatment is already well defined in the literature, but the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic benefits of okra (O) have been discovered only recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of O and/or ET supplementation on renal function and histology; serum urea and creatinine value; inflammation (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α) and oxidative stress in renal tissue. For this, 32 Zucker rats (fa/fa) were randomly separated into four groups of 8 animals each: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), MetS + Okra (MetS + O), MetS + Exercise Training (MetS + ET), and MetS + Exercise Training and Okra (MetS + ET + O), and 8 Zucker lean (fa/+) rats comprised the Control group (CTL). Okra was administered by orogastric gavage 2x/day (morning and night, 100 mg/kg) and ET performed on the treadmill, at moderate intensity, 1h/day, 5x/week for 6 weeks. Although the renal function was not altered, the animals with MetS showed greater fibrotic deposition accompanied by a worse stage of renal injury, in addition to increased kidney weight. Although all interventions were beneficial in reducing fibrosis, only ET combined with O was able to improve the degree of renal tissue impairment. ET improved the anti-inflammatory status and reduced nitrite levels, but the combination of ET and O was more beneficial as regards catalase activity. Okra consumption alone did not promote changes in inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in the kidney. In conclusion, ET combined or not with O seems to be beneficial in preventing the progression of renal disease when renal function is not yet altered.

This paper presents an analysis of the calls made to the Portuguese National Health Contact Center (SNS24) during a three years period. The final goal was to develop a system to help nurse attendants select the appropriate clinical pathway (from 59 options) for each call. It examines several aspects of the calls distribution like age and gender of the user, date and time of the call and final referral, among others and presents comparative results for alternative classification models (SVM and CNN) and different data samples (three months, one and two years data models). For the task of selecting the appropriate pathway, the models, learned on the basis of the available data, achieved F1 values that range between 0.642 (3 months CNN model) and 0.783 (2 years CNN model), with SVM having a more stable performance (between 0.743 and 0.768 for the corresponding data samples). These results are discussed regarding error analysis and possibilities for explaining the system decisions. A final meta evaluation, based on a clinical expert overview, compares the different choices: the nurse attendants (reference ground truth), the expert and the automatic decisions (2 models), revealing a higher agreement between the ML models, followed by their agreement with the clinical expert, and minor agreement with the reference.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta a identificação de três perfis exploratórios de padrões de práticas reflexivas de 115 estudantes-estagiários/as que frequentam os mestrados de formação de educadores/as de infância e professores/as do 1º e do 2º ciclo do ensino básico, em Portugal continental, em relação à prática de ensino supervisionada (PES). Os dados apresentados, resultantes da análise estatística baseada na análise de correspondências múltiplas (ACM), permitem identificar dois perfis diferenciados pelo impacto das reflexões escritas durante a PES e respetiva justificação, pelo subsistema de ensino superior que frequentam, pela natureza jurídica do subsistema e pelos modelos adotados, bem como um terceiro grupo diferenciado pelo modelo pedagógico adotado e pelo subsistema frequentado.

Abstract Introduction: COVID-19 is currently a global health issue and an important cause of mortality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the risk factors for infection, morbidity and mortality by SARS-CoV-2. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation and outcomes of CKD patients with COVID-19, as well as identify predictors of mortality. Methods: This was a retrospective study of CKD patients admitted in a tertiary-care Portuguese hospital between March and August of 2020. Variables were submitted to univariate and multivariate analysis to determine factors predictive of in-hospital mortality. Results: 130 CKD patients were analyzed (median age 73.9 years, male 60.0%). Hypertension (81.5%), cardiovascular disease (36.2%), and diabetes (54.6%) were frequent conditions. Cough, dyspnea, fever and respiratory failure were also common. Almost 60% had anemia, 50% hypoalbuminemia, 13.8% hyperlactacidemia and 17% acidemia. Mean serum ferritin was 1531 µg/L, mean CRP 8.3 mg/dL and mean LDH 336.9 U/L. Most patients were treated with lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine or corticosteroids and only 2 with remdesivir. Eighty percent had acute kidney injury and 16.2% required intensive care unit admission. The 34 patients who died were older and more likely to have heart failure. They had higher neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio, ferritin, lactate, and LDH levels. Multivariate analysis identified an association between older age [OR 1.1 (CI 1.01-1.24), p=0.027], higher ferritin [OR 1.0 (CI 1.00-1.00), p=0.009] and higher LDH levels [OR 1.0 (CI 1.00-1.01), p=0.014] and mortality. Conclusion: In our cohort of CKD patients with COVID-19, older age, higher ferritin, and higher LDH levels were independent risk factors for mortality.

Este trabalho discute a formação dos “bairros rurais” de Bragança Paulista utilizando as modificações na economia local ao longo do tempo como um dos principais elementos explicativos para o avanço da ocupação territorial da freguesia/vila. Procuramos reconstituir o processo de ocupação territorial de Bragança acompanhando a distribuição de sesmarias, número de fogos, número de habitantes, localização geográfica e desenvolvimento dos “bairros rurais” que se formaram. Foi adotada uma metodologia que se insere num conjunto de estudos sobre o processo de urbanização no Brasil que utilizam o método de leitura da paisagem e da cultura material e que procuram analisar dinâmicas e lógicas de enraizamento da população no território. O foco da análise foi a formação de “bairros rurais” em Bragança e sua decisiva influência na consolidação da localidade, de forma que foi possível perceber seu papel no fortalecimento de uma rede de abastecimento das Minas Gerais e da capital de São Paulo nos séculos XVIII e XIX além do processo de formação da microrrede urbana regional. Utilizou-se documentação cartográfica e documentação primária diversa, em especial de caráter censitário, com destaque para as listas nominativas e documentos manuscritos (a princípio anuais) que contêm a relação nominal dos habitantes de diversos municípios da capitania/província de São Paulo, nos quais são descritos por fogos (unidades domiciliares/produtivas) algumas características relacionadas aos moradores, como estado conjugal e idade, entre outras.

Artigo composto por dois relatos que descrevem o processo de realização de uma obra audiovisual. São projetos que possuem em comum seus pontos de partida, quais sejam, imagens de arquivo: em um caso, imagens pessoais; no outro, imagens de conhecimento público. As descrições buscam dar conta do histórico dos processos, das forças e objetivos estéticos e dramáticos implicados e do instrumental técnico e teórico, referente à teoria do cinema e à filosofia, que alicerçaram tais processos.

Abstract Mineralogical evolution of ophiolites is significant to understand paleo-oceanic crust and mantle requiring multi-proxy techniques to identify steps in the processes. We studied the Bossoroca ophiolite from the southern Brasiliano Orogen, a prime example of Tonian accretion to an oceanic island arc. Integration of field geology, aeromagnetometry, aerogamaspectrometry, electron microprobe analyses, and compositional maps of minerals led to the decoding of oceanic and continental processes. The ophiolite is highly magnetic and low-K and is positioned at the base of the superstructure. We studied amphibolite, tourmalinite, and chromite-talc-magnesite granofels from the ophiolite, Capivaras diorite from the Cambaí Complex infrastructure and one metavolcanoclastic rock from the Vacacaí Group superstructure. Honblende is zoned in all rock types. Low-Ti hornblende is compatible with medium-pressure metamorphism at 7 kbar. This M1 to M2 amphibolite facies resulted in the widespread association of olivine + talc in metaserpentinite. Dravite is similar to tourmaline from the Ibaré ophiolite. Andesine and oligoclase are dominant and albite minor. Cr-spinel in granofels recrystallized in greenschist facies; host rock originated by carbonatization of serpentinite formed in the oceanic crust along with chloritite and tourmalinite. Serpentinite rare earth elements (REE) suggest origin in depleted mantle peridotite. The ophiolite evolved in the Adamastor Ocean until incorporation into the island arc.

SNS24, the Portuguese National Health Contact Center, is a telephone and digital public service that provides clinical services. SNS24 plays an important role in the identification of users’ clinical situations according to their symptoms. Currently, there are a number of possible clinical algorithms defined, and selecting the appropriate clinical algorithm is very important in each telephone triage episode. Decreasing the duration of the phone calls and allowing a faster interaction between citizens and SNS24 service can further improve the performance of the telephone triage service. In this paper, we present a study using deep learning approaches to build classification models, aiming to support the nurses with the clinical algorithm’s choice. Three different deep learning architectures, namely convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), and transformers-based approaches are applied across a total number of 269,654 call records belonging to 51 classes. The CNN, RNN, and transformers-based model each achieve an accuracy of 76.56%, 75.88%, and 78.15% over the test set in the preliminary experiments. Models using the transformers-based architecture are further fine-tuned, achieving an accuracy of 79.67% with Adam and 79.72% with SGD after learning rate fine-tuning; an accuracy of 79.96% with Adam and 79.76% with SGD after epochs fine-tuning; an accuracy of 80.57% with Adam after the batch size fine-tuning. Analysis of similar clinical symptoms is carried out using the fine-tuned neural network model. Comparisons are done over the labels predicted by the neural network model, the support vector machines model, and the original labels from SNS24. These results suggest that using deep learning is an effective and promising approach to aid the clinical triage of the SNS24 phone call services.

Index modulation (IM) has been attracting considerable research efforts in recent years as it is considered a promising technology that can enhance spectral and energy efficiency and help cope with the rising demand of mobile traffic in future wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) suitable for fifth-generation (5G) and beyond systems, where the base stations (BSs) and access points (APs) transmit multidimensional IM symbols, which we refer to as precoding-aided transmitter-side generalized space–frequency IM (PT-GSFIM). The adopted PT-GSFIM approach is an alternative multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) scheme that avoids multiuser interference (MUI) while exploiting the inherent diversity in frequency-selective channels. To validate the potential gains of the proposed PT-GSFIM-based C-RAN, a thorough system-level assessment is presented for three different three-dimensional scenarios taken from standardized 5G New Radio (5G NR), using two different numerologies and frequency ranges. Throughput performance results indicate that the 28 GHz band in spite of its higher bandwidth and higher achieved throughput presents lower spectral efficiency (SE). The 3.5 GHz band having lower bandwidth and lower achieved throughput attains higher SE. Overall, the results indicate that a C-RAN based on the proposed PT-GSFIM scheme clearly outperforms both generalized spatial modulation (GSM) and conventional MU-MIMO, exploiting its additional inherent frequency diversity.

Introdução: Em Portugal mais de 30% dos adultos apresenta dor crónica e a dor aguda assume-se como o principal motivo de admissão hospitalar, o que representa, anualmente, 5 mil milhões de euros, 2.7% do Produto Interno Bruto. Objetivos: Avaliar as práticas e os fatores intervenientes na gestão da dor pelos enfermeiros num Serviço de Urgência. Métodos: Estudo transversal analítico realizado em contexto de urgência. Amostra constituída por 96 enfermeiros. O instrumento de recolha de dados continha questões de caracterização socioprofissional, a Escala de Práticas de Enfermagem na Gestão da Dor de Catarina António e o Código Visual da Dor de Grünenthal. Resultados: A escala de avaliação da dor mais utilizada pelos enfermeiros foi a de Avaliação Numérica (88,5%); os enfermeiros com mais experiência no Serviço de Urgência (>=11 anos) manifestaram maior défice de conhecimentos sobre a gestão da dor (37,5%); a maioria (53.8%) dos que apresentava bons conhecimentos trabalhava entre 6-10 anos no serviço de urgência (p=0,021). Conclusões: Consideramos que os enfermeiros necessitam de aprofundar conhecimento sobre os príncipios de avaliação e gestão da dor. A constante e direcionada atualização de formação contribuirá para uma melhor prática clínica.

Abstract Objective: the present study aimed to carry out an integrative review of literature on the scientific knowledge relating to the occurrence of elder abuse produced in Brazil between the years of 2013 to 2017. Method: a bibliographic survey was carried out through publications indexed in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) database: the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Latin American Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and the CAPES Portal of Periodicals (CAPES). The data collection instrument, created by the authors, included characteristics such as: year of publication, main journals, research design, topics covered, main areas of knowledge, sampling and study objectives. Results: 28 publications were analyzed. The main types of violence were psychological (28%), physical (28%), unspecified (16%), financial (12%), self-abandonment (8%), neglect and verbal violence (4%). The majority of the victims were female (64%), of unspecified gender (28%) and male (8%). Conclusion: the present integrative review found that the main violence suffered was psychological together with physical, with the elderly the main victims. The main place of maltreatment was in the home. The research also found that there are gaps in information about the reasons that triggered the aggressions. It is therefore necessary to investigate this subject further and carry out new studies that seek to identify these factors.

Neste texto, apresenta-se um estudo sobre o impacto que o ensino explícito e sistemático do processo de escrita e dos seus subprocessos: a planificação, a textualização, a revisão e a edição tem na qualidade de textos expositivos produzidos por alunos de 4.º ano de escolaridade, em Portugal. Foi desenvolvida uma intervenção no sentido de ensinar explicitamente estes subprocessos, aplicados aos textos expositivos. O desenho investigativo contemplou um diagnóstico da situação através da realização de um pré-teste; uma intervenção didática, visando implementar um conjunto de sequências didáticas em que a dimensão processual da escrita era objeto de ensino explícito; e, por último, a realização de um pós-teste para avaliar o impacto da intervenção na qualidade dos textos. Constata-se que, a partir de uma análise mista dos pré e pós-testes, houve uma progressão do grupo experimental, no que se refere à interiorização da dimensão processual da escrita e à qualidade dos textos. Palavras-chave: escrita; dimensão processual da escrita; texto expositivo.

A relação entre teoria e prática no contexto da formação de educadores/as de infância e/ou de professores/as tem sido uma temática recorrente no âmbito das Ciências da Educação. No entanto, continua a revestir-se de especial importância no atual quadro de formação de estudantes-estagiários/as como um dos alicerces da autoimagem pedagógica. O estudo desenvolvido, assumindo uma abordagem mista, a partir da auscultação de 115 estudantes estagiários/as, a frequentar mestrados profissionalizantes em Portugal continental, teve como objetivos: identificar os marcos teóricos que mobilizam na realização da PES, analisar a natureza dos argumentos que justificam o seu uso, assim como a importância da relação que estabelecem entre a teoria e a prática. Os resultados apontam para uma predominância de referências teóricas na área da Educacional Geral, sobretudo nacionais e clássicas, assim como a valorização da relação entre a teoria e a prática, ainda que esta posição não seja assumida por todos/as os/as participantes.

Los basureros son zonas de depósito final de desechos sólidos directamente en el suelo, en ausencia de criterios técnicos o sistemas de recolección de gases o líquidos. Una gran parte de los municipios brasileños han utilizado esta alternativa extremadamente perjudicial para el ambiente hasta el año 2010, cuando una ley federal hizo obligatoria la instalación de rellenos sanitarios. Sin embargo, una gran parte de los basureros fueron simplemente abandonados, aunque algunos finalmente tuvieron algún tratamiento después de las evaluaciones de los organismos ambientales. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de la investigación geofísica en un basurero cerrado en 2004 en una pequeña ciudad del sur de Brasil, donde las investigaciones anteriores revelaron contaminaciones del suelo y de las aguas subterráneas por lixiviación. Los análisis estructurales en la región de estudios vinculados a datos geológicos de pozos de monitoreo indican la presencia de contaminantes en la fractura de granito, con amplias variaciones en el espesor del suelo, saprolita y el nivel del agua subterránea. La integración del análisis químico de las aguas subterráneas con los datos de la tomografía eléctrica (ERT) en el procesamiento de imágenes 2D y 3D, reveló la existencia de grandes áreas contaminadas dentro de los límites del basurero y el flujo en el acuífero parcialmente libre hasta 5m de profundidad. Estas zonas pueden disminuir gradualmente con el aumento de la profundidad y entre 9m y 19m predominan zonas contaminadas claramente orientadas, asociada con el flujo en el acuífero fracturado. La indicación de zonas restringidas y dirigidos sugiere la focalización y la acumulación de contaminantes en los dos sistemas de fracturas preferenciales. El descubrimiento de estas áreas es esencial para la planificación y la instalación de sistemas de bombeo y de descontaminación de aguas subterráneas, en vista de la disminución de la producción de lixiviado desde la clausura del basurero. doi: https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2017.56.4.1827

The aim of the present work was to present the outcomes of the patients with Y-chromosome microdeletions treated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), either using fresh (TESE) or frozen-thawed (TESE-C) testicular sperm and ejaculated sperm (EJAC). The originality of this work resides in the comparisons between the different types of Y-microdeletions (AZFa, AZFb, and AZFc) and treatments, with detailed demographic, stimulation, embryological, clinical, and newborn (NB) outcomes. Of 125 patients with Y-microdeletions, 33 patients presented severe oligozoospermia (18 performed ICSI with ejaculated sperm) and 92 secretory azoospermia (65 went for TESE with 40 having successful sperm retrieval and performed ICSI). There were 51 TESE treatment cycles and 43 TESE-C treatment cycles, with a birth of 19 NB (2 in AZFa/TESE-C, 12 in AZFc/TESE, and 5 in AZFc/TESE-C). Of the 29 EJAC cycles, there was a birth of 8 NB (in AZFc). In TESE and EJAC cycles, there were no significant differences in embryological and clinical parameters. In TESE-C cycles, there was a significant lower oocyte maturity rate, embryo cleavage rate and mean number of embryos transferred in AZFb, and a higher mean number of oocytes and lower fertilization rate in AZFc. In conclusion, although patients with AZFc microdeletions presented a high testicular sperm recovery rate and acceptable clinical outcomes, cases with AZFa and AZFb microdeletions presented a poor prognosis. Due to the reported heredity of microdeletions, patients should be informed about the infertile consequences on NB and the possibility of using preimplantation genetic diagnosis for female sex selection.

La enseñanza integrada de artes motiva a los estudiantes y apoya la adquisición del lenguaje, ya que combina la lectura, la escritura y las actividades orales, lo que permite a los estudiantes beneficiarse de las experiencias interdisciplinarias entre el lenguaje y el arte (Haust, 2008; Faisal y Wulandari, 2013). Actualmente la escuela portuguesa es diversa en términos lingüísticos y sociales, integrando estudiantes de alrededor de 120 nacionalidades. Para estos estudiantes es una tarea compleja adquirir habilidades en portugués porque en la mayoría de los casos el idioma de la escuela no es su lengua materna (Wang y Wen, 2002, Silva y Gonçalves, 2011). Con estos antecedentes, este trabajo presenta un proyecto de investigación-acción de naturaleza inclusiva y transdisciplinaria, desarrollado en contextos multilingües desfavorecidos; el enfoque principal de este estudio fue el de: (i) mejorar el desarrollo de las habilidades de escritura a través del arte en estudiantes de diferente lengua nativa, y (ii) aumentar el desarrollo de habilidades de escritura en estudiantes nativos, pero que provienen de contextos socioeconómicos desfavorecidos. Trabajamos con niños en tercer grado de primaria en un programa de intervención de escritura durante 9 meses, escribiendo un texto descriptivo usando las artes y fueron evaluados antes y después de la prueba en la que se les pidió escribir un texto descriptivo siguiendo una pieza de art. Los resultados obtenidos en la prueba posterior mostraron mejoras en el rendimiento general de los estudiantes, escribieron textos más largos con marcadores de macro y microestructura de textos descriptivos, especialmente en los estudiantes de portugues como segunda lengua, en términos de producción de escritura y enriquecimiento de vocabulario.

This article reports experiences of undergraduates and university teatchers with the community in an extension project developed from March to December of 2015. In this article, the practices of Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Cardiovascular Diseases and Obesity were discussed, with guidelines and demonstrations for the population at school, restaurant and university. The interventions were initiated by talking with the participants about means of prevention, reduction of diseases, healthy recipes and modifications in the habits of life. Practices to combat hypertension and diabetes have addressed ways to minimize diseases through eating and the ones to combat obesity and cardiovascular diseases were performed through dynamics. The practices revealed public interest in changing lifestyles and brought to extensionists practical knowledge, because they were able to put into practice content learned in class, which is one of the objectives of university extension.

Recent research on literacy has highlighted the impact of affective factors on learning to read. Among these factors, attitudes toward reading have been clearly shown to influence the development of reading skills and academic success. Nevertheless, differences in children’s attitudes across schooling have yet to be properly documented, especially for the French language and the transition between elementary and secondary education. In this cross-sectional study, our goal was to gauge the attitudes of French-speaking pupils across this transitional period. We therefore administered a computer-based questionnaire to 469 pupils in Grades 5 to 8 in Quebec (Canada), to gather their views about leisure reading and academic reading. Results showed that their stated attitudes toward reading remained stable across the final 2 years of elementary school, as well as across the first 2 years of middle school, but differences were observed for the transition from one education level to the next, with stated attitudes toward reading being less positive in the latter. This effect, which was observed for both leisure and academic reading, concerned girls and boys alike. We discuss possible explanations for these differences in reading attitudes at this juncture in children’s schooling.

A leitura é, nos dias de hoje, uma competência transversal e necessária ao sucesso escolar dos alunos. No entanto, o seu desenvolvimento requer uma aprendizagem formal e implica um ensino explícito de estratégias de compreensão leitora para que os alunos possam, autonomamente, mobilizar estas ferramentas nos diversos contextos do seu quotidiano.Neste artigo, apresenta-se um projeto de investigação-ação, implementado numa turma de 3.º ano do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. O programa de intervenção incidiu no ensino explícito de estratégias de compreensão leitora, em particular a compreensão inferencial, a compreensão crítica e a reorganização da informação. Após a intervenção, os três domínios de compreensão leitora apresentaram índices evolutivos de 8%, 25% e 50% respetivamente.Os resultados do estudo demonstraram que o ensino explícito das estratégias de compreensão leitora contribuiu expressivamente para a melhoria do desempenho dosFrom the explicit teaching of reading comprehension strategies to the success in reading learning: an intervention program in Grade 3 alunosReading is, today, a transversal and necessary competence for pupils' school success. However, it requires a formal learning and implies an explicit teaching of reading comprehension strategies so that pupils can autonomously mobilize these tools in the different contexts of their daily lives.In this article, we present an action-research project implemented in a 3rd grade class of the 1st Cycle of Basic Education.The intervention program focused on the explicit teaching of reading comprehension strategies, in particular inferential, critical and information reorganization. The domains of inferential comprehension, information reorganization and critical comprehension presented evolutionary indices of 8%, 25% and 50% respectively.In this context, the results of the study demonstrated that the explicit teaching of reading comprehension strategies contributed expressively to the improvement of pupils' performance.Keywords: reading comprehension strategies, explicit teaching, reading, assessment

Esta resenha foi elaborada como seminário intitulado “Armadilhas da sedução: os romances de M. Delly, de Maria Teresa Santos Cunha”, para a disciplina Cultura, Memória e História, do Programa de Pós Graduação em Educação, ministrada pela Profª Drª Marilena A. Jorge Guedes de Camargo. O seminário foi apresentado no dia 26 de novembro de 2014, em Rio Claro, SP.

A escola portuguesa, atualmente, é linguística e socialmente diversificada, integrando alunos oriundos de cerca de 120 nacionalidades. Para estes alunos, a aquisição de competências em Português é uma tarefa complexa, pois a língua de escolarização não é, na maior parte dos casos, a sua língua materna. Neste texto, apresenta-se um projeto de intervenção, natureza inclusiva e transdisciplinar, desenvolvido numa turma multilingue de 3.º ano, com o objetivo de desenvolver competências de escrita através da produção e recriação de obras de arte. Os resultados obtidos no pós-teste revelam melhorias no desempenho global dos alunos, em particular os alunos de português língua não materna ao nível da produção escrita e do enriquecimento de vocabulário.

Madeira wine is a fortified Portuguese wine, which has a crucial impact on the Madeira Island economy. The particular properties of Madeira wine result from the unique and specific winemaking and ageing processes that promote the occurrence of chemical reactions among acids, sugars, alcohols, and polyphenols, which are important to the extraordinary quality of the wine. These chemical reactions contribute to the appearance of novel compounds and/or the transformation of others, consequently promoting changes in qualitative and quantitative volatile and non-volatile composition. The current review comprises an overview of Madeira wines related to volatile (e.g., terpenes, norisoprenoids, alcohols, esters, fatty acids) and non-volatile composition (e.g., polyphenols, organic acids, amino acids, biogenic amines, and metals). Moreover, types of aroma compounds, the contribution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the overall Madeira wine aroma, the change of their content during the ageing process, as well as the establishment of the potential ageing markers will also be reviewed. The viability of several analytical methods (e.g., gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToFMS)) combined with chemometrics tools (e.g., partial least squares regression (PLS-R), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was investigated to establish potential ageing markers to guarantee the Madeira wine authenticity. Acetals, furanic compounds, and lactones are the chemical families most commonly related with the ageing process.

The dynamics of dengue virus (DENV) circulation depends on serotype, genotype and lineage replacement and turnover. In São José do Rio Preto, Brazil, we observed that the L6 lineage of DENV-1 (genotype V) remained the dominant circulating lineage even after the introduction of the L1 lineage. We investigated viral fitness and immunogenicity of the L1 and L6 lineages and which factors interfered with the dynamics of DENV epidemics. The results showed a more efficient replicative fitness of L1 over L6 in mosquitoes and in human and non-human primate cell lines. Infections by the L6 lineage were associated with reduced antigenicity, weak B and T cell stimulation and weak host immune system interactions, which were associated with higher viremia. Our data, therefore, demonstrate that reduced viral immunogenicity and consequent greater viremia determined the increased epidemiological fitness of DENV-1 L6 lineage in São José do Rio Preto.

A síndrome de Kounis, também conhecida como síndrome da angina alérgica, foi descrita em 1991 por Kounis e Zafras como a “ocorrência coincidente de dor torácica e reação alérgica acompanhadas de achados clínicos e labo-ratoriais de angina pectoris clássica, causada por mediadores inflamatórios libertados durante o estímulo alérgico”. Os autores apresentam o caso de um doente de 57 anos, diagnosticado com síndrome de Kounis, submetido a poli-pectomia nasal, meatotomia média e etmoidectomia ântero-posterior. Com esta publicação pretende-se fazer uma revisão teórica acerca da abordagem anestésica direcionada para esta síndrome dado que se trata de um tema re-cente, pouco conhecido e com envolvimento multidisciplinar (Anestesiologia, Cardiologia e Medicina Intensiva).

Phenotypic plasticity is a hallmark of the caste systems of social insects, expressed in their life history and morphological traits. These are best studied in bees. In their co-evolution with angiosperm plants, the females of corbiculate bees have acquired a specialized structure on their hind legs for collecting pollen. In the highly eusocial bees (Apini and Meliponini), this structure is however only present in workers and absent in queens. By means of histological sections and cell proliferation analysis we followed the developmental dynamics of the hind legs of queens and workers in the fourth and fifth larval instars. In parallel, we generated subtractive cDNA libraries for hind leg discs of queen and worker larvae by means of a Representational Difference Analysis (RDA). From the total of 135 unique sequences we selected 19 for RT-qPCR analysis, where six of these were confirmed as differing significantly in their expression between the two castes in the larval spinning stage. The development of complex structures such as the bees’ hind legs, requires diverse patterning mechanisms and signaling modules, as indicated by the set of differentially expressed genes related with cell adhesion and signaling pathways.

A sinvastatina, pertencente à classe das estatinas, é um importante fármaco redutor do colesterol e é encontrada comercialmente como medicamentos referência, genéricos e similares em diferentes dosagens, sendo a de 10 mg a mais comum. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade e a equivalência entre comprimidos de sinvastatina 10 mg comercializados no mercado brasileiro. Foram selecionados dois medicamentos similares, um genérico e referência. Os ensaios de controle de qualidade aplicados foram: determinação do peso médio, dureza, friabilidade, desintegração, teor de princípio ativo, uniformidade de conteúdo e dissolução in vitro. Para tanto, foi necessário desenvolvimento e validação de metodologia por espectrofotometria na região do ultravioleta (UV). As formulações apresentaram-se dentro dos limites preconizados para todas as análises. No entanto, quando analisou-se estatisticamente os perfis de dissolução, verificou-se a não equivalência entre os medicamentos similares e o de referência. Porém, através dos resultados obtidos, podemos evidenciar a equivalência entre o genérico e o de referência, sugerindo sua intercambialidade.

RESENHA DE: OLIVEIRA JR. José Carlos. A mise en scène no cinema – do clássico ao cinema de fluxo. Campinas: Papirus Editora, 2013.

It's extremely relevant that teachers know the needs and interests of students with whom they work daily in the sense that they are the main focus of learning development. Thus, the aim of this paper is to present to everyone concerned with education, specially teachers, the representations and needs that students of African origin when learning the language spoken at school, as a curricular subject in 3rd Cycle of Basic Education. Besides that, it is also important to highlight the influence that language development has on other curricular subjects. In this paper we will present a study carried out with students, in order to give an account of their opinions on how to improve their language proficiency. We will also present student’s suggestions of what can be done to improve their learning experience in language class as well as in other classes.

Este trabalho propõe à utilização dos sachês de catchup e maionese para ensinar conceitos de química: ácido, base e sal. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionários, gravação de vídeo e áudio durante as aulas e de anotações de diário de campo. Nas aulas os alunos aprenderam os conceitos de ácido, base e sal de forma contextualizada. Os resultados mostram que a aplicação de um tema gerador no ensino de Química desperta o interesse do aluno, por se diferenciar dos métodos tradicionais de ensino e aprendizagem. Os conteúdos de ácidos e sal foram trabalhados de um modo mais frutífero, devido ao fato de eles se encontrarem no cotidiano alimentar dos alunos. Assim, os alunos se mostraram mais interessados pelo conteúdo de Química, por estarem mais estimulados para novos conhecimentos.

Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar a adaptação cultural do The Environmental Stressor Questionnaire - (ESQ) para a língua portuguesa do Brasil e verificar sua confiabilidade e validade. Foram empregadas as etapas metodológicas recomendadas pela literatura para adaptação cultural. A versão brasileira do ESQ foi aplicada a 106 pacientes de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) de dois hospitais, público e privado, do interior do Estado de São Paulo. A confiabilidade foi avaliada quanto à consistência interna e estabilidade (teste e reteste); a validade convergente foi verificada por meio da correlação entre o ESQ e questão genérica sobre estresse em UTI. A confiabilidade foi satisfatória com Alfa de Crombach=0,94 e Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse=0,861 (IC95% 0,723; 0,933). Constatou-se correlação entre o escore total do ESQ e a questão genérica sobre estresse (r=0,70), confirmando a validade convergente. A versão brasileira do ESQ mostrou-se uma ferramenta confiável e válida para avaliação de estressores em UTI.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar la adaptación cultural del Environmental Stressor Questionnaire (ESQ) a la lengua portuguesa de Brasil y verificar su confiabilidad y validez. Fueron empleadas las etapas metodológicas recomendadas por la bibliografía para la adaptación cultural. La versión brasileña del ESQ fue aplicada a 106 pacientes de Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) de dos hospitales, público y privado, del interior del estado de San Pablo, Brasil. La confiabilidad fue evaluada respecto de la consistencia interna y la estabilidad (test y retest); la validez convergente fue verificada a través de la correlación entre el ESQ y pregunta genérica acerca de estrés en UTI. La confiabilidad fue satisfactoria, con Alfa de Cronbach = 0,94 y Coeficiente de Relación Intraclase = 0,861 (IC 95%; 0,723; 0,933). Se constató correlación entre el puntaje total del ESQ y la pregunta genérica sobre estrés (r = 0,70), confirmado la validez convergente. La versión brasileña del ESQ se mostró como una herramienta confiable y válida para la evaluación de estresores en UTI.The objective of the present study was to perform the cultural adaptation of The Environmental Stressor Questionnaire - ESQ for the Brazilian Portuguese, as well as to verify its reliability and validity. In order to ensure the equivalence between the original instrument and the Brazilian version, all methodological steps recommended in the literature regarding cultural adaptation were followed. The Brazilian version of the ESQ was applied to 106 ICU patients in two hospitals (public and private) in the interior of São Paulo State. Reliability was evaluated in relation to internal consistency and stability (test e retest) and the convergent validity was determined by the correlation between ESQ and generic questions about ICU stress. Reliability was satisfactory with Cronbach's Alfa = 0,94 and stability (ICC=0,861; IC95% 0,723; 0,933). ESQ total score displayed strong correlation with the generic questions about stress (r=0,70; p

This study aim to evaluate the quality of boar semen stored at different temperatures and media on PIGPEL5 extender, using egg yolk as an external membrane protector, and on PIGPEL5Plus, containing low density lipoprotein (LDL) as protector. In the experiment 1, the semen doses were stored in a semen container at 5 and 17 °C and the results were compared with semen stored at 17 °C in BTS extender. In the experiment 2, the doses with the PIGPEL5 and PIGPEL5Plus extenders were stored in a commercial refrigerator and in semen container, both at 5 °C. The use of extenders with extracellular cryoprotectant (PIGPEL5 e PIGPEL5Plus) showed higher (p < 0.05) motility values in comparison to BTS until 48 h. Furthermore, the use of extracellular cryoprotectant was good to maintenance of membrane integrity and normal morphology at 5 oC similarly to 17 oC extenders. There was no difference (p > 0.05) in the motility, membrane integrity and morphology for the substitution of egg yolk (PIGPEL5) for LDL (PIGPEL5Plus). In experiment 2, also there was no difference (p > 0.05) in motility, membrane integrity and morphology between extenders and type of container until 72 h. The conservation of semen on PIGPEL5 extender and commercial refrigerator (5 ºC) allowed patterns of sperm quality according recommended for AI.Este estudo avaliou a qualidade do sêmen suíno preservado em diferentes temperaturas e meios de conservação no diluente PIGPEL5, utilizando gema de ovo como protetor externo de membrana, e no diluente PIGPEL5Plus, utilizando lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) como protetor. No experimento 1, as doses de sêmen foram conservadas em refrigerador de sêmen a 5 e 17 °C nos diluentes PIGPEL5 e PIGPEL5Plus e comparadas ao diluente BTS a 17 °C. Já no experimento 2, foi comparada a conservação do sêmen nos diluentes PIGPEL5 e PIGPEL5Plus em geladeira convencional ou em refrigerador de sêmen a 5 ºC. Observou-se que o uso de diluidores com crioprotetor extracelular (PIGPEL5 e PIGPEL5Plus) apresentou maiores (p < 0,05) resultados de motilidade com relação ao BTS até 48 h. Além do mais, o uso de crioprotetor extracelular foi benéfico para a manutenção da integridade e morfologia normais a temperatura de 5 ºC em níveis similares aos diluidores a 17 ºC. Não houve diferença (p > 0,05) na motilidade, integridade de membrana e morfologia para a substituição da gema de ovo (PIGPEL5) pela LDL (PIGPEL5Plus). No experimento 2, também não houve diferença na motilidade, integridade de membrana e morfologia espermática entre os diluentes e formas de acondicionamento testados até 72 h (p > 0,05). O acondicionamento do sêmen no diluente PIGPEL5 em geladeira doméstica (5 ºC) proporcionou padrões de qualidade espermática de acordo com o recomendado para a IA.

ATP-bioluminescence was used to evaluate the microbiological quality of water samples collected from the water supply, the water treatment system and from a dairy plant, including ammonia-cooling water and industrial water. For industrial water, there was relation between the ATP-bioluminescence technique and microbial count. There were no differences (p>0.05) between water supply and ammonia-cooling water samples for total and free ATP concentrations nor for the microbial counts. Different microbial ATP concentrations were found for these water samples. The results suggested that the physical chemical quality of ammonia cooling water decreased the RLU measurements slightly. It could be concluded that the total ATP concentration was the most effective technique to evaluate the microbiological quality of water used in the food indsutry by ATP-bioluminescence.A qualidade microbiológica da água do manancial de captação para tratamento na ETA/UFV, da água de resfriamento de amônia e da água industrial de uso em um laticínio foi avaliada pela técnica de ATP-bioluminescência. Nas águas, foram efetuadas, também, as contagens de mesófilos aeróbios, expressos em UFC.mL-1 e coliformes totais, expressos em NMP.100 mL-1. Foi utilizado um luminômetro para os testes de determinação de ATP total e livre, expressos em Unidades Relativas de Luz (URL), nas diversas águas. O ATP microbiano foi determinado pela diferença entre o ATP total e livre. Em relação à água industrial, houve a concordância entre os métodos de bioluminescência e de contagem de mesófilos aeróbios e coliformes totais. As amostras de água de manancial e de resfriamento não apresentaram diferença (p>0,05), pelo teste de Tukey, para as quantidades de ATP total, livre e também para as contagens microbianas. Constataram-se concentrações diferentes de ATP microbiano para essas amostras de água. Os resultados indicam que o teste de ATP total é o mais recomendado para avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da água e sugerem que a qualidade físico-química da mesma pode afetar a formação de luz.