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Los microRNA (miRNA) son pequeños ARN que regulan postranscripcionalmente la expresión génica eucariota, y que participan en una amplia gama de procesos fisiológicos. Se han observado cambios temporales y regionales en la expresión de los miRNA, así como una correlación entre la expresión de estos y la población microbiana del tubo digestivo en las primeras etapas de vida en becerros. Esta revisión sintetiza y analiza el conocimiento actual de los miRNA como reguladores de la función de las células inmunes, así como su papel como biomarcadores de salud. Además de revisar información sobre la relación hospedador­microbiota y sus impactos sobre el sistema inmune y la salud de becerros.

Heart failure (HF) is prevalent in advanced ages. Our objective was to assess the impact of frailty on 1-year mortality in older patients with ambulatory HF.Our data come from the FRAGIC study (Spanish acronym for "Study of the impact of frailty and other geriatric syndromes on the clinical management and prognosis of elderly outpatients with heart failure"), a multicenter prospective registry conducted in 16 Spanish hospitals including outpatients ≥ 75 years with HF followed up by cardiology services in Spain.We included 499 patients with a mean age of 81.4±4.3 years, of whom 193 (38%) were women. A total of 268 (54%) had left ventricular ejection fraction40%, and 84.6% was in NYHA II functional class. The FRAIL scale identified 244 (49%) pre-frail and 111 (22%) frail patients. Frail patients were significantly older, were more frequently female (both, P.001), and had higher comorbidity according to the Charlson index (P=.017) and a higher prevalence of geriatric syndromes (P.001). During a median follow-up of 371 [361-387] days, 58 patients (11.6%) died. On multivariate analysis (Cox regression model), frailty detected with the FRAIL scale was marginally associated with mortality (HR=2.35; 95%CI, 0.96-5.71; P=.059), while frailty identified by the visual mobility scale was an independent predictor of mortality (HR=2.26; 95%CI, 1.16-4.38; P=.015); this association was maintained after adjustment for confounding variables (HR=2.13; 95%CI, 1.08-4.20; P=.02).In elderly outpatients with HF, frailty is independently associated with mortality at 1 year of follow-up. It is essential to identify frailty as part of the comprehensive approach to elderly patients with HF.

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on feed over the productive parameters of sheep, as well as volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen and blood glucose. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Centro de Enseñanza, Investigación y Extensión en Producción Animal del Altiplano (CEIEPAA), located in Tequisquiapan, Querétaro-México. Methodology: A total of 64 sheep (Pelibuey x Dorset), two months old (32 males and 32 females with an average weight of 20.7 ± 1.3 kg) were used. Animals were housed in 16 pens, 4 animals per pen, and each pen was assigned to one of the 4 ALA inclusion treatments (0, 40, 80, 120 ppm). ALA was mixed with 50 g of ground corn to ensure its consumption; the animals of treatment 0 also received 50 g of ground corn without ALA. Results: Differences in weight gain were observed from day 56 in the animals supplemented with 80 ppm of ALA (P < .0001) and an improvement in daily weight gain (246 g) and feed conversion (P = .05) was shown. Animals treated with 40 ppm of ALA observed lower blood glucose without affecting the productive parameters (P = .05). A lower concentration of VFA was found in the treatment 120 ppm on day 84 (334.2 ± 26.5 vs 260.0 ± 15.7; P = .05). Conclusion: The inclusion of 80 ppm of ALA in the diet of sheep could improve the productive parameters.

Introduction and objectives: The optimal time to perform a diagnostic coronary angiography in patients admitted due to non- ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) and start pretreatment with dual antiplatelet therapy is controversial. Our study aims to identify the current diagnostic and therapeutic approach, and clinical progression of patients with NSTEACS in our country. Methods: The IMPACT-TIMING-GO trial (Impact of time of intervention in patients with myocardial infarction with non-ST segment elevation. Management and outcomes) is a national, observational, prospective, and multicenter registry that will include consecutive patients from 24 Spanish centers with a clinical diagnosis of NSTEACS treated with diagnostic coronary angiography and with present unstable or causal atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. The study primary endpoint is to assess the level of compliance to clinical practice guidelines in patients admitted due to NSTEACS undergoing coronary angiography in Spain, describe the use of antithrombotic treatment prior to cardiac catheterization, and register the time elapsed until it is performed. Major adverse cardiovascular events will also be described like all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke, and the rate of major bleeding according to the BARC (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) scale at 1- and 3-year follow-up. Results: This study will provide more information on the impact of different early management strategies in patients admitted with NSTEACS in Spain, and the degree of implementation of current recommendations into the routine clinical practice. It will also provide information on these patients' baseline and clinical characteristics. Conclusions: This is the first prospective study conducted in Spain that will be reporting on the early therapeutic strategies-both pharmacological and interventional-implemented in our country in patients with NSTEACS after the publication of the 2020 European guidelines, and on the clinical short- and long-term outcomes of these patients.

Las evidencias y la necesidad de reactivar las actividades económicas de las Mypes (Medianas y pequeñas empresas) ante la crisis sanitaria del covid_19 permitieron establecer posibles consecuencias del programa reactiva en la fuerza laboral particularmente en los sectores económicos de las regiones pobres del Perú (Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Huancavelica, Huánuco, Loreto, Pasco y Puno). El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el efecto del “Programa Reactiva” en la fuerza laboral de Mypes en regiones pobres del Perú. El estudio asumió una investigación cuantitativa, basada en la unidad de análisis de Mypes con acceso a créditos de reactiva Perú; el método de estimación “Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios” (MCO) y el data utilizada de las variables de mayor incidencia fueron extraídas del portal de la SUNAT y “Reactiva Perú”. Los resultados propiciaron un ajuste de bondad del 93.3%, es decir que el modelo es explicado por las variables independientes en un 93.3%, así mismo respecto al sector de mayor impacto de los fondos de reactiva Perú en cada región, predomina el sector comercio con un 48.6% en promedio. Por consiguiente, el efecto fue significativo, los fondos de reactiva Perú evitaron el rompimiento de pagos de la fuerza laboral en las Mypes.

El objetivo de la investigación se puntualizó en el análisis documental desde una visión legal de los múltiples presupuestos normativos que sustentas el derecho a la estabilidad laboral. En este trabajo, se analizó y comparó la información sobre el derecho a la estabilidad laboral en el servicio público ecuatoriano, a partir de un cúmulo de fuentes documentales. Desde el paradigma cuantitativo, se manejó para este tipo de estudio, documentos, textos legales, investigaciones científicas, sobre el tema tratado. El diseño bibliográfico-documental se apoyó en los procesos lógicos y mentales y en las técnicas de interpretación. Se evidenció, que los principios que rigen al contrato ocasional de trabajo, generan un apoyo unánime hacia la inestabilidad laboral, en base a estos preceptos jurídicos. Se concluye, el contrato ocasional de trabajo, esta tipología contractual debe ser reformada o abolida, para que pueda aportar de manera positiva a la legislación ecuatoriana y al derecho público.

Se presenta el siguiente libro, el cual desarrolla la temática del delito bajo la modalidad virtual y que afecta a los niños, niñas y adolescente, el mismo busca describir la problemática que se presenta en todo el continente y parte del mundo, con el objeto de crear conciencia en los ciudadanos y visibilizar los hechos que perturban a esta población vulnerable. Además, se quiere despertar el interés en seguir investigando y ampliando los conocimientos en esta materia y como mediante la legalidad y desarrollo de propuestas se puedan llevar a cabo acciones concretas y efectiva para combatir este flagelo, que aun con la existencia de los mecanismos legales y convenios internacionales los números siguen en aumento; y se conocen cuando existe la denuncia, sin contar con los que no se comunican por diferentes motivos. En esta recopilación documental-bibliográfica, se desglosa un sin fin de contenido que permitirá la elaboración de nuevas propuestas e ideas capaces de contribuir a la eficaz lucha contra los delitos sexuales en entornos virtuales

Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits to their animal host by balancing the composition of its gastrointestinal microbiota and modulating its immune response. In this work, we studied bacterial consortia isolated from the rumen of 28- and 42-day-old calves to select those showing probiotic capacity. Consortia were characterized and their growth dynamics were determined in several growth media. The number of viable bacteria was larger in the Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth (MRS) than in nutritive medium A (MNA) and the largest was for A3D42. Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial consortia in MRS was higher than in MNA and the most susceptible samples were A1D28 and A3D42. In turn, A3D42 showed the highest tolerance to bile salts in MRS and MNA. Moreover, all bacterial consortia showed optimal growth at pH 5, 5.5, 6 and 7 in both media, while their temperature tolerance was higher in MRS. The antagonistic activity of bacterial consortia in MNA was higher than in MRS with A2D42 showing the best antagonistic activity for Pseudomona aureginosa (ATCC 9027) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) in MNA. Additionally, A1D42 and A2D42 in MRS and A3D42 in MNA had significant adhesion to mucins, and A1D42 in MRS had the highest. Regarding their species composition, all bacterial consortia in MRS belonged to the phylum Firmicutes, and the class Bacilli and bacterial consortia in MNA belonged to three phyla; Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus johnsonii were identified in all bacterial consortia in MRS broth. Based on these results, A1D42 and A3D42 grown in MRS showed the best potential as probiotics for calves, which could result in health benefits and improve their production.

Introducción y objetivos La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) es prevalente en edades avanzadas. Nuestro objetivo es conocer el impacto de la fragilidad en la mortalidad a 1 año en pacientes mayores con IC ambulatorios. Métodos El estudio «Impacto de la fragilidad y otros síndromes geriátricos en el manejo clínico y pronóstico del paciente anciano ambulatorio con insuficiencia cardiaca» (FRAGIC) es un registro prospectivo multicéntrico, realizado en 16 centros españoles, que incluyó pacientes con IC ambulatorios de edad ≥ 75 años seguidos por cardiología en España. Resultados Se incluyó a 499 pacientes (media de edad, 81,4±4,3 años; 193 [38%] mujeres); 268 (54%) tenían una fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo

We provide scientists and decision-makers with up-to-date information on Megaplatypus mutatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae), a forest insect native to South America that has invaded other regions. Emphasis is given to information that may prove relevant for the development of early detection, containment and management programs and improved risk analyses. The increase in global movement of people and goods, coupled with expected climatic scenarios, suggests that M. mutatus may arrive and establish populations in new areas. The major impact of this forest pest has always been reported in exotic tree species, even within its native range. The absence of a coevolutionary history with ‘naïve’ host trees is a relevant factor when analyzing and understanding the magnitude of the problem posed by this beetle and fungi associated with it. Notably, among preferred hosts are the widely planted Eucalyptus and Populus spp., facilitating the invasion of this insect into new regions and posing a threat to commercial forestry.

In the first few weeks of a calf's life, the early colonization of microbes throughout the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is critical in its digestive system and immunity development. Analyses of data generated from next-generation sequencing platforms have revolutionized the understanding of host-associated microbial communities; these analyses can be done through a variety of bioinformatics pipelines. This study aimed to describe the diversity and evolution of gastrointestinal tract microbial communities in the first days of life of calves; for which we used the USEARCH and KRAKEN2 algorithms, in terms of alpha and beta diversity analysis in the rumen and jejunum contents of calves from 0, 7, 28, 42 days-born in the Mexican Tropic and its changes. The two pipelines detected similar abundance distributions in the three most abundant taxa Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. The present study revealed the changes occurring in the rumen and jejunum ecosystem in the first week of life, reflected by a decline in the phylum Proteobacteria and an increase in phylum Bacteroidetes in rumen and Firmicutes in the jejunum. We observed an increase in the similarity in the phylum taxa with age, suggesting a homogeneous and specific mature community, compared with the primary community.

IntroducciA³n: La Hernia DiafragmAitica CongA©nita (HDC) corresponde a una malformaciA³n del diafragma por la cual los A³rganos abdominales protruyen hacia la cavidad torAicica durante el desarrollo intrauterino. Los reciA©n nacidos afectados presentan grados variables de insuficiencia respiratoria e hipertensiA³n pulmonar, asociAindose a una alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Materiales y mA©todos: Se revisaron los casos de HDC controlados en los perA­odos pre y post-natal en el Hospital ClA­nico UC durante el perA­odo 2012-2016. Se analizaron los resultados perinatales segAon distintos factores pronA³sticos. Resultados: Fueron analizadas 26 embarazadas con diagnA³stico de HDC. La sobrevida global fue de un 77% (20/26). La mortalidad global de las pacientes con herniaciA³n hepAitica fue de un 45% (5/11) versus  7% (1/15) en los fetos con hA­gado no herniado. La mortalidad neonatal fue de un 14% (3/21) en las pacientes con la relaciA³n pulmA³n cabeza (LHR), (observado/ esperado) o/e ≥ a 45% y 60% (3/5) cuando el LHR o/e es < 45%. De las pacientes con LHR o/e ≥ 45%, la necesidad de ECMO fue de un 33% (8/21) mientras que un LHR o/e < 45% fue de un 20% (1/5). ConclusiA³n: La obtenciA³n antenatal de un LHR o/e ≥ 45% y ausencia de herniaciA³n hepAitica, son buenos predictores de sobrevida neonatal. La mediciA³n de LHR o/e no es capaz de discriminar que pacientes desarrollarAin morbilidad respiratoria grave, por lo que debemos buscar nuevos y mejores modelos que permitan seleccionar que pacientes requerirAin nacer en un centro con disponibilidad de terapias de soporte vital avanzado como el ECMO neonatal.

This study provides a safe and low-cost in-house protocol for RT-qPCR-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 using mouthwash–saliva self-collected specimens to achieve clinical and epidemiological surveillance in a real-time web environment applied to ambulatory populations. The in-house protocol comprises a mouthwash–saliva self-collected specimen, heat virus inactivation, and primers to target virus N-gene region and the human RPP30-gene. Aligning with 209 SARS-CoV-2 sequences confirmed specificity including the Alpha variant from the UK. Development, validation, and statistical comparison with official nasopharyngeal swabbing RT-qPCR test were conducted with 115 specimens of ambulatory volunteers. A web–mobile application platform was developed to integrate a real-time epidemiological and clinical core baseline database with mouthwash–saliva RT-qPCR testing. Nine built-in algorithms were generated for decision-making on testing, confining, monitoring, and self-reports to family, social, and work environments. Epidemiological and clinical follow-up and SARS-CoV-2 testing generated a database of 37,351 entries allowing individual decision-making for prevention. Mouthwash–saliva had higher sensitivity than nasopharyngeal swabbing in detecting asymptomatic and mild symptomatic cases with 720 viral copy number (VCN)/mL as the detection limit (Ct = 37.6). Cycling threshold and viral loading were marginally different (p = 0.057) between asymptomatic (35 Ct ± 2.8; 21,767.7 VCN/mL, range 720–77,278) and symptomatic (31.3 Ct ± 4.5; 747,294.3 VCN/mL, range 1433.6–3.08 × 106). We provided proof-of-concept evidence of effective surveillance to target asymptomatic and moderate symptomatic ambulatory individuals based on integrating a bio-safety level II laboratory, self-collected, low-risk, low-cost detection protocol, and a real-time digital monitoring system. Mouthwash–saliva was effective for SARS-CoV-2 sampling for the first time at the community level.

During the first and second weeks of life, calves are extremely susceptible to enteric diseases, their digestive tract is developing and their thermoregulation is not adequate; these being some factors that can contribute to the lack of their weight gain (Hulbert & Moisá, 2016). In addition, they have a reduced capacity to generate an innate and adaptive immune response, in other words, they are still not immunocompetent (Costa et al., 2017; Hulbert & Moisá, 2016), since they are born with all the essential immune components but many of them are not functional until calves are at least 2 to 4 weeks old (Chase et al., 2008). With the aim to identify the development of the innate immune response through the expression of MyD88, TRAF6, NFKB1, and NFKB1a mRNA, in different ages and regions of the digestive tract, qPCR tests were held. Twelve Zebu crossbred calves of 0, 7, 28, and 42 days of age were sampled (three animals of each age). Tissue samples included: rumen, duodenum, and ileum. Gene expression was determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Changes in the expression of TRAF6, NFKB1 and NFKB1a mRNA were different in rumen and ileum (P < 0.05) at day 28 of age. MYD88 mRNA expression was different only in ileum (P < 0.05). MyD88, TRAF6, NFKB1, and NFKB1a mRNA expression of rumen tended to decrease and in the case of ileum to increase with age; however, this was until day 28 and not in the first week of life, as mentioned by some other authors.

Submitted by Maria Fernanda Leite (leitem@stj.jus.br) on 2021-02-01T21:43:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 impedimento_aplicacao_trafico_thome.pdf: 127993 bytes, checksum: e4432d9b31f3aae18973caf8cc31a518 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Stephanie Moira (rsmoira@stj.jus.br) on 2021-02-09T20:39:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 impedimento_aplicacao_trafico_thome.pdf: 127993 bytes, checksum: e4432d9b31f3aae18973caf8cc31a518 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-02-09T20:39:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 impedimento_aplicacao_trafico_thome.pdf: 127993 bytes, checksum: e4432d9b31f3aae18973caf8cc31a518 (MD5) license.txt: 1239 bytes, checksum: c9b4c351324448672315a00808efb725 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Alpha lipoic acid (LA) is a potent nutritional antioxidant. It is a derivate of octanoic acid containing a cyclic disulfide bond. An LA complex with lysine-lipoamide, functions as a co-factor in the mitochondrial dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of α-keto acids. In this reaction, LA is reduced to dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), which interacts with reactive oxygen species, and LA can also inactivate free radicals. Another important role of DHLA is in signal transduction by activating insulin receptors, which causes glucose transporters translocation from cytoplasm to the cell surface. Due to its potential antioxidant effect at ruminal level, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fed LA on productive parameters, ruminal fatty volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and blood glucose of sheep. Sixty-four, two-months-old, crossbred lambs were penned in groups of four, divided into four treatments: 0, 40, 80, and 120 ppm LA in diet. During 84 days, every 28 days on two consecutive days, animals were weighed (to determine average daily weight gain, DWG), blood and ruminal fluid were taken for glucose and VFA quantification, respectively. All variables were analyzed in a completely randomized design. DWG was statistically higher in those animals receiving 80 ppm (250 g) as compared to the rest (200, 188, 180 g for 120, 40, 0 ppm, respectively) (P < 0.0001). No differences in blood glucose or ruminal VFA were found (P > 0.1). LA could improve the productive performance of sheep; however, it would be necessary to study the role of LA and its effects on the ruminal microbiome and its action mechanism. Research support by Project PAPIIT-UNAM IN211518

The purpose of this collaboration is to offer elements for discussion on the role of intersections among art, design, and technology for approaching the socialization environmental issue as an exercise of visualization praxis. Concretely, it is appealed the case of an interactive piece, expressly designed, called trasTocar (to disrupt) exhibited in Zanbatha, the municipal museum in the inner state of Mexico. This artwork agglomerates multiple perspectives for discussion: the theoretical border between art and design to solve communication problems; to inform people about altered and polluted surroundings landscape because of their individual actions; the addressing to spectators through technology to modify their behavior; and, the possibility to obtain data from this interaction.

El presente documento no cuenta conresumen.

O presente artigo busca elucidar quais são os desafios para a ampliação da competência do Tribunal Penal Internacional (TPI) de forma a incluir o ecocídio como o quinto crime previsto no Estatuto de Roma. O texto irá relatar fatos singulares (o ecocídio na Floresta Amazônica) para refletir sobre a necessidade da inclusão de crimes ambientais sob a jurisdição do TPI. Dessa forma, o método de abordagem utilizado será o indutivo, utilizando a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Para que tal inclusão ocorra, ela seria limitada aos requisitos de intenção existentes do Estatuto de Roma, ou seja, a exigência do dolo do autor do crime. Por consequência, esse requisito poderia afastar muitos julgamentos que o crime de ecocídio pretende litigar. Ademais, o TPI não tem jurisdição para processar Estados ou pessoas jurídicas, apenas indivíduos. Esse fato dificulta o estabelecimento do nexo de causalidade entre a atividade humana causadora do dano e o próprio dano para efeito de responsabilização penal.

A manera de autorreflexion sobre el proceso de diseno se analiza la estructura de pensamiento que le caracteriza para resolver situaciones problematicas tecnologicas. Asi, al conceptuar al diseno como un pensamiento tecnologico centrado en la relacion nuclear objeto-proyecto, se introduce un cambio en su percepcion teorica. Conforme se han ido empleando instrumentos novedosos en la concepcion de artefactos (espaciales, visuales u objetuales) los modelos descriptivos de su proceso creativo tambien han sido modificados. Particularmente, con el uso de la computadora, el modelo general del proceso de diseno de la UAM-A es cuestionado respecto al devenir de su practica pedagogica: la realizacion del artefacto prevalecio sobre el proyecto sin problematizar la realidad misma pues en este ejercicio empirico el conocimiento humanistico y cientifico fue excluido. En contraste, se plantea que para el proyecto es condicion sine qua non definir un problema y construir un objeto a traves de una serie de actividades tecnologicas transdisciplinarias y sincronicas donde la representacion es crucial para la comunicacion. Tal diferencia conceptual constituye el modelo holografico aqui propuesto. Como un caso reflexivo, el proyecto es objetivado en los estudios de posgrado en diseno. La meta en este documento es establecer lineas de guia conceptual para una eventual ciencia en este campo.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-06-08T21:17:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Carolina Robles De Cara Ramos.pdf: 1072796 bytes, checksum: 922692823e5746b1d164c23096211193 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-08T21:17:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Carolina Robles De Cara Ramos.pdf: 1072796 bytes, checksum: 922692823e5746b1d164c23096211193 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-28 This dissertation describes, from a geographic view, aspects of the perception of geographic space concept in the poem Morte e vida severina, written by Jo??o Cabral de Melo Neto in 1956. The work concerned is one of the most meaningful of our literature. A saga that shows the leaving of the habitants from Sert??o Nordestino, interior of the country, to the Zona da Mata, fleeing from death caused by the drought and looking for a humid and fertile life. On this travel, Severino faces the physical geographic space, with its natural aspects, like the semiarid weather, the caatinga, intermittent rivers and a landscape of mountains and plateaus, and also with a space marked by anthropic alteration, with cities, cane fields, stilt houses on swamps. The Capibaribe River is the course of the main character, which migrates from the inner country to Recife, promoting the comprehension of the relation of man and nature. In this writing, the poetry built is translated on Severino???s experience with nature, aspect which can be approach on Geography classes for the construction of geographic space concept, main category of geographic science. The reflections presented on this dissertation are structured by the viewpoint of cultural geography and by the complex thought. It is a study of bibliographic review in which we have as theoretical reference writers as Eduardo Marandola J??nior, Jana??na Marandola, Ana L??cia Grat??o, Roberto Lobato Corr??a, Milton Santos and Edgar Morin. These thinkers??? works reinforced the interest upon studying literary works, analyzing it from a geographic point of view. This relation appears as an idea of valorization and recovering of categories from Geography which are described on literary works, and which displays how human life is perceived and relates with geographic space. As result, the present work demonstrates the way by which ???po??tica cabralina??? allows the interaction between Geography and Literature to the comprehension of geographic space concept on classes. Esta disserta????o descreve, a partir de uma vis??o geogr??fica, aspectos da percep????o do conceito de espa??o geogr??fico no poema Morte e vida severina, escrito por Jo??o Cabral de Melo Neto em 1956. A obra em quest??o ?? uma das mais significativas de nossa literatura. Uma saga que mostra a sa??da dos habitantes do Sert??o Nordestino, interior do pa??s, para a Zona da Mata, fugindo da morte causada pela seca e buscando a vida ??mida e f??rtil. Nessa viagem, Severino depara com o espa??o geogr??fico f??sico, com seus elementos naturais, como o clima semi??rido, a caatinga, rios intermitentes e um relevo formado por serras e planaltos, tamb??m com um espa??o marcado pela altera????o antr??pica com cidades, canaviais, palafitas nos mangues. O Rio Capibaribe ?? o caminho do protagonista, que emigra do interior para Recife, promovendo uma compreens??o da rela????o homem e natureza. Nessa obra, a po??tica constru??da ?? traduzida na experi??ncia de Severino com a natureza, aspecto este que pode ser abordado nas aulas de Geografia para a constru????o do conceito de espa??o geogr??fico, categoria central da ci??ncia geogr??fica. As reflex??es apresentadas nesta disserta????o est??o estruturadas sob o prisma da geografia cultural e pelo pensamento complexo. Trata-se de um estudo de revis??o bibliogr??fica em que se t??m como referencial te??rico autores como Eduardo Marandola J??nior, Jana??na Marandola, Ana L??cia Grat??o, Roberto Lobato Corr??a, Milton Santos e Edgar Morin. Os trabalhos destes pensadores refor??am o interesse em estudar obras liter??rias analisando-as a partir de um vi??s geogr??fico. Essa rela????o aparece como ideia de valoriza????o e recupera????o de categorias da Geografia que est??o descritas nas obras liter??rias, as quais demonstram como a vida humana ?? percebida e se relaciona com o espa??o geogr??fico. Como resultado, este trabalho demonstra a forma pela qual a po??tica cabralina permite a conversa entre Geografia e Literatura e para compreens??o do conceito de espa??o geogr??fico nas aulas.

Background Information is limited about the classification accuracy of electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in the presence of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods We evaluated LVH classification accuracy for a set of 16 ECG criteria and some combinations derived from them in 1642 patients (105 with MI) suspected of coronary heart disease with two-dimensional echocardiography evaluation and a standard 12-lead ECG recorded at the same time. Patients with left bundle branch block had previously been excluded. Measures of classification accuracy included sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and positive and negative predictive values. Results Diagnostic accuracy varied widely for different LVH criteria. The criteria with the best overall performance had highest sensitivity in the presence of MI and sensitivities of approximately 30% with relatively low specificities ranging from 72% to 78%. However, the classification accuracy for them was similar to that for patients without MI. The prevalence of LVH in patients with MI was higher (56%) than in those with no MI (31%). Classification accuracy of the best single previously published LVH criteria was comparable to that of the best combinations of any three of them. Conclusions The classification accuracy of LVH criteria in the presence of MI is comparable to that in patients without MI, in part possibly due to the higher LVH prevalence in the MI group. The presence of a well-validated computer database facilitates comparative evaluation of ECG-LVH criteria and derivation of optimal combinations of criteria for any given clinical application.

Social media sites have attracted users since their introduction, and today people use them in their daily activities. For this reason, there is an increased interest in studying social media sites and how people use them. However, there has been little research that considers the motivations in using social networking sites and the factors that influence this usage patterns. The purpose of this empiric research paper is to construct a valid instrument that can shed light on why people are using social media on a daily basis, based on the premises of the uses and gratifications theory. Results from the Cronbach alpha, as well as the estimated model suggested that in general, it represented a good instrument when trying to measure the motivations of social media usage.

[Aims]: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome with multiple underlying causes.Wild-type transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis (ATTRwt) is an underdiagnosed cause of HFpEF that might benefit from new specific treatments. ATTRwt can be diagnosed non-invasively by mTc-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (mTc-DPD) scintigraphy. We sought to determine the prevalence of ATTRwt among elderly patients admitted due to HFpEF. [Methods and results]: We prospectively screened all consecutive patients .60 years old admitted due to HFpEF [left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction .50%] with LV hypertrophy (.12mm).All eligible patientswere offered a mTc-DPD scintigraphy. The study included 120 HFpEF patients (59% women, 82+8 years). A total of 16 patients (13.3%; 95% confidence interval: 7.2.19.5) showed a moderate-to-severe uptake on the mTc-DPD scintigraphy. All patients with a positive scan underwent genetic testing of the TTR gene, and no mutationswere found. An endomyocardial biopsywasperformed in four patients, confirmingATTRwt inall cases. There were no differences in age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, or atrial fibrillation between ATTRwt patients and patients with other HFpEF forms. Although patients with ATTRwt exhibited higher median N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (6467 vs. 3173 pg/L; P . 0.019), median troponin I (0.135 vs. 0.025 mg/L; P, 0.001), mean LV maximal wall thickness (17+3.4 vs. 14+2.5 mm; P . 0.001), rate of pericardial effusion (44 vs. 19%; P . 0.047), and rate of pacemakers (44 vs. 12%; P . 0.004), clinical overlap between ATTRwt and other HFpEF forms was high. [Conclusion]: ATTRwt is an underdiagnosed disease that accounts for a significant number (13%) of HFpEF cases. The effect of emerging TTR-modifying drugs should be evaluated in these patients., This work was partially supported by Pfizer Inc. through an Investigator Initiated Research Grant.

In order to perform a gonadal histological study, adult specimens of Xenopus laevis at four sites in the central region of Chile were captured. The results showed no alterations in gonadal female instead the males showed testicular histological abnormalities, features of endocrine disruption, possibly generated by environmental pollution.

BACKGROUND: Information is limited about the classification accuracy of electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in the presence of myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: We evaluated LVH classification accuracy for a set of 16 ECG criteria and some combinations derived from them in 1642 patients (105 with MI) suspected of coronary heart disease with two‐dimensional echocardiography evaluation and a standard 12‐lead ECG recorded at the same time. Patients with left bundle branch block had previously been excluded. Measures of classification accuracy included sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and positive and negative predictive values. RESULTS: Diagnostic accuracy varied widely for different LVH criteria. The criteria with the best overall performance had highest sensitivity in the presence of MI and sensitivities of approximately 30% with relatively low specificities ranging from 72% to 78%. However, the classification accuracy for them was similar to that for patients without MI. The prevalence of LVH in patients with MI was higher (56%) than in those with no MI (31%). Classification accuracy of the best single previously published LVH criteria was comparable to that of the best combinations of any three of them. CONCLUSIONS: The classification accuracy of LVH criteria in the presence of MI is comparable to that in patients without MI, in part possibly due to the higher LVH prevalence in the MI group. The presence of a well‐validated computer database facilitates comparative evaluation of ECG‐LVH criteria and derivation of optimal combinations of criteria for any given clinical application.