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1. Spray drift in viticulture: A dataset to analyse the influence of spray application techniques, hedges and their combination on the reduction of sedimentary drift, aerial drift and exposure of bystanders

Author: Adrien Vergès, Sébastien Codis, Elodie Trinquier, Benjamin Perriot, David Pasquier, Yoan Hudebine, Florence Verpont, Jean-Paul Douzals, Carole Bedos, Sonia Grimbuhler, Marianne Sellam, and Olivier Naud
Subjects: Grapevine, Sprayer, Airborne drift, Drift mitigation, Contamination risk, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract: In 2021 and 2022, the national and cross-sector project CAPRIV funded by the French Ministry of Agriculture, made it possible to assess the influence of application techniques associated or not with a hedge or an anti-drift net on spray drift and bystander exposure. The acronym CAPRIV stands for ''Concilier l'application des PPP et la protection des riverains'' (Reconciling the use of PPPs and the protection of residents), within the orchard, viticulture, and field crops sectors. This specific data article focuses on viticulture. In viticulture, over the two years, 10 different spray application techniques were tested. For 3 of them the influence of a hedge on drift mitigation was also evaluated. All the trials were conducted on the “EoleDrift” test bench, with an artificial vegetation and an artificial wind. Spray drift has been measured according to a common protocol harmonised between cropping sectors within the project using three different types of passive drift collectors that were set up downwind of the treated field. Petri dishes collected sedimentary drift, PVC wires collected airborne drift and cotton T-shirts placed on manikins were used to assess potential dermal exposure of bystanders. The plant protection mix was simulated by a dilution of a fluorescent dye in water. The collected mass of dye was measured using a classical technique with dilution and concentration evaluation. Two fluorescent dyes were successively used, Brillant Sulfaflavine and Sulforhodamine B. A total amount of 4770 collectors were analysed individually. The data set provides a drift index for each collector expressed as the quantity of dye recovered per unit area of collector on the quantity of dye applied per unit area on the sprayed field multiplied by 100.
Published: 2024
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2. A conceptual framework for landscape-based environmental risk assessment (ERA) of pesticides

Author: Jose V. Tarazona, Mercedes de Alba-Gonzalez, Carole Bedos, Pierre Benoit, Colette Bertrand, Olivier Crouzet, Cécile Dagès, Jean-Lou CM Dorne, Ana Fernandez-Agudo, Andreas Focks, Maria del Carmen Gonzalez-Caballero, Alexandra Kroll, Matthias Liess, Susana Loureiro, Manuel E. Ortiz-Santaliestra, Jes J. Rasmussen, Raphaël Royauté, Maj Rundlöf, Ralf B. Schäfer, Stephen Short, Ayesha Siddique, José Paulo Sousa, Dave Spurgeon, Pierre-François Staub, Chris J. Topping, Marc Voltz, Johan Axelman, Annette Aldrich, Sabine Duquesne, Vanessa Mazerolles, and Yann Devos
Subjects: Functional ecotoxicology, Landscape, Modelling, Pesticide exposure and effects, Biodiversity, Ecological framework, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: While pesticide use is subject to strict regulatory oversight worldwide, it remains a main concern for environmental protection, including biodiversity conservation. This is partly due to the current regulatory approach that relies on separate assessments for each single pesticide, crop use, and non-target organism group at local scales. Such assessments tend to overlook the combined effects of overall pesticide usage at larger spatial scales. Integrative landscape-based approaches are emerging, enabling the consideration of agricultural management, the environmental characteristics, and the combined effects of pesticides applied in a same or in different crops within an area. These developments offer the opportunity to deliver informative risk predictions relevant for different decision contexts including their connection to larger spatial scales and to combine environmental risks of pesticides, with those from other environmental stressors. We discuss the needs, challenges, opportunities and available tools for implementing landscape-based approaches for prospective and retrospective pesticide Environmental Risk Assessments (ERA). A set of “building blocks” that emerged from the discussions have been integrated into a conceptual framework. The framework includes elements to facilitate its implementation, in particular: flexibility to address the needs of relevant users and stakeholders; means to address the inherent complexity of environmental systems; connections to make use of and integrate data derived from monitoring programs; and options for validation and approaches to facilitate future use in a regulatory context. The conceptual model can be applied to existing ERA methodologies, facilitating its comparability, and highlighting interoperability drivers at landscape level. The benefits of landscape-based pesticide ERA extend beyond regulation. Linking and validating risk predictions with relevant environmental impacts under a solid science-based approach will support the setting of protection goals and the formulation of sustainable agricultural strategies. Moreover, landscape ERA offers a communication tool on realistic pesticide impacts in a multistressors environment for stakeholders and citizens.
Published: 2024
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3. Spray drift in field crops: A dataset to analyse the influence of air induction nozzles, hedges, and their combination on the reduction of sedimentary drift, aerial drift and exposure of bystanders

Author: Benjamin Perriot, David Pasquier, Yoan Hudebine, Florence Verpont, Adrien Vergès, Sébastien Codis, Jean-Paul Douzals, Carole Bedos, Sonia Grimbuhler, Marianne Sellam, and Olivier Naud
Subjects: Wheat, Sprayer, Airborne drift, Drift mitigation, Contamination risk, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract: In 2021 and 2022, the national and cross-sector project CAPRIV funded by the French Ministry of Agriculture, made it possible to assess the influence of application techniques associated or not with a hedge or an anti-drift net on spray drift and bystander exposure. The acronym CAPRIV stands for “Concilier l'application des PPP et la protection des riverains” (Reconciling the use of PPPs and the protection of residents), within the orchard, viticulture, and field crops sectors. This specific data article focuses on field crops, especially on wheat. Over the two years, one boom sprayer equipped with flat fan and air induction nozzles was used on wheat fields adjacent to a hedgerow (2022) or not (2021). Spray drift has been measured according to a common protocol harmonised between cropping sectors within the project. Three different types of passive drift collectors were set up downwind of the treated field: Petri dishes for sedimentary drift, PVC wires placed between two masts for airborne drift and cotton T-shirts placed on manikins to assess potential dermal exposure of bystanders. The sprayed mix contained a fluorescent dye diluted in water. The mass of dye was measured using a classical technique with dilution and concentration evaluation. Two fluorescent dyes were successively used, Brillant Sulfaflavine and Sulforhodamine B. A total amount of 3792 collectors were analyzed individually. The data set provides a drift index for each collector expressed as the quantity of dye recovered per unit area of collector on the quantity of dye applied per unit area on the sprayed field multiplied by 100.
Published: 2024
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4. Assessment of residential exposures to agricultural pesticides: A scoping review.

Author: Raphaëlle Teysseire, Guyguy Manangama, Isabelle Baldi, Camille Carles, Patrick Brochard, Carole Bedos, and Fleur Delva
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: The assessment of residential exposure to agricultural pesticides is a major issue for public health, regulatory and management purposes. In recent years, research into this field has developed considerably. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an overview of scientific literature characterizing residential exposure to agricultural pesticides and to identify potential gaps in this research area. This work was conducted according to the JBI and PRISMA guidelines. Three databases were consulted. At least two experts selected the eligible studies. Our scoping review enabled us to identify 151 articles published between 1988 and 2019 dealing with the assessment of residential exposure to agricultural pesticides. Of these, 98 (64.9%) were epidemiological studies investigating possible links between pesticide exposure and the onset of adverse health effects, principally cancers and reproductive outcomes. They predominantly used Geographic Information Systems and sometimes surveys or interviews to calculate surrogate exposure metrics, the most common being the amounts of pesticides applied or the surface area of crops around the dwelling. Twenty-six (17.2%) were observational measurement studies conducted to quantify levels of pesticide exposure and identify their possible determinants. These studies assessed exposure by measuring pesticides in biological and environmental matrices, mostly in urines and house dust. Finally, we found only eight publications (5.3%) that quantified the risk to human health due to residential exposure for management purposes, in which exposure was mainly determined using probabilistic models. Pesticide exposure appears to be largely correlated with the spatial organization of agriculture activities in a territory. The determinants and routes of exposure remain to be explored to improve the conduct of epidemiological and risk assessment studies and to help prevent future exposures. Improvement could be expected from small-scale studies combining different methods of exposure assessment.
Published: 2020
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5. SURFATM: A model for the exchanges of energy, ammonia, ozone, and pesticides between soil, vegetation, and atmosphere at the field scale.

Author: Erwan Personne, Carole Bedos, Nebila Lichiheb, Benjamin Loubet, and Patrick Stella
Published: 2024
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6. Main conclusions and perspectives from the collective scientific assessment of the effects of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services along the land–sea continuum in France and French overseas territories

Author: Stéphane Pesce, Laure Mamy, Wilfried Sanchez, Marcel Amichot, Joan Artigas, Stéphanie Aviron, Carole Barthélémy, Rémy Beaudouin, Carole Bedos, Annette Bérard, Philippe Berny, Cédric Bertrand, Colette Bertrand, Stéphane Betoulle, Eve Bureau-Point, Sandrine Charles, Arnaud Chaumot, Bruno Chauvel, Michael Coeurdassier, Marie-France Corio-Costet, Marie-Agnès Coutellec, Olivier Crouzet, Isabelle Doussan, Juliette Faburé, Clémentine Fritsch, Nicola Gallai, Patrice Gonzalez, Véronique Gouy, Mickael Hedde, Alexandra Langlais, Fabrice Le Bellec, Christophe Leboulanger, Christelle Margoum, Fabrice Martin-Laurent, Rémi Mongruel, Soizic Morin, Christian Mougin, Dominique Munaron, Sylvie Nélieu, Céline Pelosi, Magali Rault, Sergi Sabater, Sabine Stachowski-Haberkorn, Elliott Sucré, Marielle Thomas, Julien Tournebize, Sophie Leenhardt, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Centre Norbert Elias (CNELIAS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation et écotoxicologie prédictives, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Cellules Environnement - UR (ICE), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan (DECOD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion (GREDEG), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux (LEREPS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut de l'Ouest : Droit et Europe (IODE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles (UPR HORTSYS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat de Girona (UdG), Physiologie et Toxines des Microalgues Toxiques et Nuisibles (PHYTOX), Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche de Mayotte (CUFR), Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hydrosystèmes continentaux anthropisés : ressources, risques, restauration (UR HYCAR), Direction de l'Expertise scientifique collective, de la Prospective et des Etudes, and French Office for Biodiversity (OFB) through the national ECOPHYTO plan
Subjects: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biocontrol, General Medicine, Expertise, Environment, Ecotoxicology, Pollution, Modelling, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Pesticides, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecological risk assessment
Abstract: International audience; Preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services is critical for sustainable development and human well-being. However, an unprecedented erosion of biodiversity is observed and the use of plant protection products (PPP) has been identified as one of its main causes. In this context, at the request of the French Ministries responsible for the Environment, for Agriculture and for Research, a panel of 46 scientific experts ran a nearly 2-year-long (2020-2022) collective scientific assessment (CSA) of international scientific knowledge relating to the impacts of PPP on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The scope of this CSA covered the terrestrial, atmospheric, freshwater, and marine environments (with the exception of groundwater) in their continuity from the site of PPP application to the ocean, in France and French overseas territories, based on international knowledge produced on or transposable to this type of context (climate, PPP used, biodiversity present, etc.). Here, we provide a brief summary of the CSA's main conclusions, which were drawn from about 4500 international publications. Our analysis finds that PPP contaminate all environmental matrices, including biota, and cause direct and indirect ecotoxicological effects that unequivocally contribute to the decline of certain biological groups and alter certain ecosystem functions and services. Levers for action to limit PPP-driven pollution and effects on environmental compartments include local measures from plot to landscape scales and regulatory improvements. However, there are still significant gaps in knowledge regarding environmental contamination by PPPs and its effect on biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. Perspectives and research needs are proposed to address these gaps.
Published: 2023
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7. Determinants of agricultural pesticide concentrations in homes located in wine-growing areas

Author: Raphaëlle Teysseire, Cécile Proust-Lima, Isabelle Baldi, Emanuelle Barron, Carole Bedos, Alexis Chazeaubeny, Karyn Le Menach, Audrey Roudil, Hélène Budzinski, and Fleur Delva
Subjects: General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science
Published: 2022
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8. An indicator to assess risks on water and air of pesticide spraying in crop fields

Author: Frédéric Pierlot, Jonathan Marks-Perreau, Emma Soulé, Carole Bedos, Olivier Keichinger, Laetitia Prevost, Paul Van Dijk, and Christian Bockstaller
Subjects: History, Environmental Engineering, Polymers and Plastics, Environmental Chemistry, Business and International Management, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Published: 2023
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9. Pesticide fate in soils

Author: Pierre Benoit, Laure Mamy, Carole Bedos, and Enrique Barriuso
Published: 2022
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10. Pesticide Exposure of Residents Living in Wine Regions: Protocol and First Results of the Pestiprev Study

Author: Raphaëlle Teysseire, Emmanuelle Barron, Isabelle Baldi, Carole Bedos, Alexis Chazeaubeny, Karyn Le Menach, Audrey Roudil, Hélène Budzinski, and Fleur Delva
Subjects: plant protection products, indoor pollution, exposure assessment, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, air pollution, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, fungicides, agriculture
Abstract: The PESTIPREV study has been designed to investigate residential exposure to pesticides applied to vines and ultimately propose mitigation measures. A feasibility study was carried out to validate a protocol for measuring six pesticides in three houses located near vineyards in July 2020. Samples included indoor and outdoor surfaces sampled with wipes (n = 214), patches on the resident’s skin (n = 7), hand or foot washing (n = 5), and pets sampled using wipes (n = 2). Limits of quantification for wipes ranged between 0.02 ng for trifloxystrobin and 1.50 ng for pyraclostrobin. Tebuconazole and trifloxystrobin were quantified in nearly 100% of the surface samples, whereas the other fungicides were less frequently found (from 39.7% for pyraclostrobin to 55.1% for boscalid). The median surface loadings ranged from 3.13 ng/m2 for benalaxyl to 82.48 ng/m2 for cymoxanil. The pesticides most frequently quantified in hand washing, patch samples, and pet wipes were the same as those quantified on surfaces. Finally, the analyses proved to be successful. The tools developed to collect information on determinants were well completed. The protocol was well received by the participants and appeared to be feasible and relevant to the objective of the PESTIPREV study, although some improvements have been identified. It was applied on a larger scale in 2021 to study the determinants of pesticide exposure.
Published: 2023
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11. A multiresidue analytical method on air and rainwater for assessing pesticide atmospheric contamination in untreated areas

Author: Céline Décuq, Marjolaine Bourdat-Deschamps, Pierre Benoit, Colette Bertrand, Rachid Benabdallah, Baptiste Esnault, Brigitte Durand, Benjamin Loubet, Clémentine Fritsch, Céline Pelosi, Sabrina Gaba, Vincent Bretagnolle, and Carole Bedos
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Atmosphere, Herbicides, Pesticide Residues, Environmental Chemistry, Pesticides, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: The use of pesticides in agriculture to protect crops against pests and diseases generates environmental contamination. The atmospheric compartment contributes to their dispersion at different distances from the application areas and to the exposure of organisms in untreated areas through dry and wet deposition. A multiresidue analytical method using the same TD-GC-MS analytical pipeline to quantify pesticide concentrations in both the atmosphere and rainwater was developed and tested in natura. A Box-Behnken experimental design was used to identify the best compromise in extraction conditions for all 27 of the targeted molecules in rainwater. Extraction yields were above 80% except for the pyrethroid family, for which the recovery yields were around 40-59%. TD-GC-MS proved to be a good analytical solution to detect and quantify pesticides in both target matrices with low limits of quantification. Twelve pesticides (six fungicides, five herbicides and one insecticide) were quantified in rainwater at concentrations ranging from 0.5 ng·L
Published: 2021

12. Simulating the impact of volatilization on atmospheric concentrations of pesticides with the 3D chemistry-transport model CHIMERE: Method development and application to S-metolachlor and folpet

Author: Mathilde Carra, Lionel Alletto, Carole Bedos, Bernadette Ruelle, Philippe Martin, Nathalie Gagnaire, Florian Couvidat, Alexandre Armengaud, Etienne Quivet, Thomas Poméon, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Observatoire des Programmes Communautaires de Développement Rural (US ODR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Atmosud, Regional Agency for Air Quality monitoring, AtmoSud, Regional Agency for Air Quality Monitoring, Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French agency of environment (ADEME) and the ECOPHYTO programme : COPP’R project funded by the PRIMEQUAL – AGRIQA 'Agriculture et qualité de l′air' programme, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Phthalimides, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Modelling, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Acetamides, Environmental Chemistry, Pesticides, Waste Management and Disposal, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Volatilisation, Pesticide, Pollution, Method development, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Air quality, Volatilization, Metolachlor
Abstract: International audience; A module to simulate the volatilization of pesticides from soils and plants was implemented in the air quality model CHIMERE in order to simulate spatiotemporal distribution of pesticide atmospheric concentrations. Pesticide applications are spatially distributed according to the quantities of pesticides sold per municipality in France (recorded in the French BNVD-S database) and are temporally distributed according to the application periods determined with enquiries. The model was applied to S-metolachlor and folpet. In the first stage of the study, pesticide emissions simulated by the CHIMERE and Volt’Air models are compared. In the second stage, measured concentrations of S-metolachlor and folpet from mid-April to the end of June are compared to the simulation results at the French and PACA (Southeastern region of France) scales. The model can reproduce the spatial distribution of S-metolachlor concentrations (spatial correlation over France of 0.79) with a bias ranging from −50 to 50% for most stations during the application period. The simulation of folpet concentrations remains challenging with a lack of correlation between model results and measurements, that could possibly be due to a lack of precision in the temporalization of applications.
Published: 2021
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13. Assessment of pesticide volatilization potential based on their molecular properties using the TyPol tool

Author: Rémi Servien, Carole Bedos, Kevin Bonnot, Laëtitia Prevost, Dominique Patureau, Christian Bockstaller, Pierre Benoit, Frédéric Pierlot, Eric Latrille, Virginie Rossard, Laure Mamy, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Chambre Régionale d'Agriculture Grand Est, and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Air contamination, Atmosphere, Molecular descriptors, Soil, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Total energy, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Volatilisation, Sorption, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plant, Pesticide, Pollution, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Spray drift, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Measures Risk
Abstract: International audience; Following treatment, amounts of pesticides can reach the atmosphere because of spray drift, volatilization from soil or plants, and/or wind erosion. Monitoring and risk assessment of air contamination by pesticides is a recent issue and more insights on pesticide transfer to atmosphere are needed. Thus, the objective of this work was to better understand and assess pesticide emission potentials to air through volatilization. The TyPol tool was used to explore the relationships between the global, soil and plant volatilization potentials of 178 pesticides, and their molecular properties. The outputs of TyPol were then compared to atmospheric pesticide concentrations monitored in various French regions. TyPol was able to discriminate pesticides that were observed in air from those that were not. Clustering considering parameters driving the emission potential from soil (sorption characteristics) or plant (lipophilic properties), in addition to vapor pressure, allowed better discrimination of the pesticides than clustering considering all parameters for the global emission potential. Pesticides with high volatilization potential have high total energy, and low molecular weight, molecular connectivity indices and polarizability. TyPol helped better understand the volatilization potentials of pesticides. It can be used as a first step to assess the risk of air contamination by pesticides.
Published: 2021
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14. Monitoring of pesticides in ambient air: Prioritization of substances

Author: Arnaud Boivin, Pierre Pernot, Catherine Chubilleau, Carole Leroux, Anne-Laure Scelo, Aurélie Berthet, Aurélien Gouzy, Aurélie Mathieu, Eva Leoz Garziandia, Agnès Hulin, Marion Hulin, Laure Mamy, Bernard Bonicelli, Mathilde Merlo, Bernadette Ruelle, Maurice Millet, Etienne Quivet, Carole Bedos, Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Centre universitaire de médecine générale et santé publique (Unisanté), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Direction de l'évaluation des produits réglementés (DEPR), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), ATMO Poitou-Charentes, ATMO, LCSQA - Laboratoire Central de Surveillance de la Qualité de l’Air, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AIRPARIF - Surveillance de la qualité de l'air en Île-de-France, Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Epidemiology and Health Services, Center for General Medicine and Public Health, Unisanté, University of Lausanne, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Pollution, Prioritization, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Monitoring, media_common.quotation_subject, Decision tree, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Exposure, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Relevance (information retrieval), Active substances, Pesticides, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Pesticide, Antiparasitic agent, Hazard, Ambient air, Product (business), Work (electrical), 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, business
Abstract: International audience; Despite the richness of data collected on pesticide concentrations in ambient air in France, knowledge on this topic remains partial and heterogeneous in the absence of specific regulations. The population exposure remains thus difficult to estimate; therefore it was necessary to define modalities for implementing national monitoring of pesticides in ambient air in metropolitan France and in the overseas territories. The objective of this work was to identify which active substances (a.s.) have to be monitored in priority. As part of a collective expertise, a group of multidisciplinary experts has developed a method to rank active substances authorised as plant protection products, biocides and antiparasitic agents, which were available on the French market in 2015. A 3-steps approach has been developed. The first step consisted of a theoretical approach based on a hierarchy of substances according to four criteria: (a) national uses, (b) emission potential to the air, (c) persistence in the air, and (d) chronic toxicity. The three first criteria give information on their potential to be present in the atmosphere, and the fourth criterion allows to consider their potential of hazard. The second step was an observational approach based on existing database on pesticide air measurements in France. In the third step, both approaches were combined using decision trees to select priority pesticides. Among the 1316 a.s. first identified from the EU Pesticides database, 90 were selected, among which 43 required metrological and/or analytical development. The experts recommended confirming the relevance of performing a longer term monitoring of these a. s. after a one-year exploratory campaign. The proposed method is reproduceable, transparent, easy to update (e.g. in the light of a change in product authorization), and can be adapted to other agricultural and geographical conditions, and objectives (e.g. monitoring of the ecotoxicological effects of pesticides).
Published: 2021
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15. Sci Total Environ

Author: Guyguy Manangama, Raphaëlle Teysseire, Patrick Brochard, Fleur Delva, Carole Bedos, Camille Carles, Isabelle Baldi, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), and AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Scopus, Scientific literature, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Hygiene, Environmental health, Environmental Chemistry, Humans, Pesticides, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, business.industry, Agriculture, Dust, Environmental exposure, Environmental Exposure, Pesticide, Pollution, Geography, Housekeeping, Housing, Residence, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence in the scientific literature that individuals living near fields are more exposed to agricultural pesticides than people living further away. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this systematic review was to identify the non-dietary determinants of pesticide exposure related to the drift pathway in residents living in agricultural areas, including spatial indictors related to agricultural activities, hygiene practices, behaviors and sociodemographic parameters. METHODS: Three databases were consulted (PubMed, Web of sciences, Scopus). At least two experts selected the eligible studies. RESULTS: A total of 27 original studies (2002-2020) fulfilled the eligibility criteria of this review. These publications explored pesticide exposure of individuals through measurements in biological samples (n = 13), environmental samples (n = 11) or both (n = 3). Spatial indicators, including residential proximity to fields, crop acreage around the residence and amounts of pesticides applied in the vicinity were identified as determinants of pesticide exposure in many studies (n = 17), including publications considered to be of very good or good quality (n = 12). Season of spraying tended to increase the levels of pesticides measured in five publications out of seven. Meteorological parameters and physical barriers showed an inconsistent and complex influence on the presence and levels of pesticides in urine samples and house dust. Frequent housekeeping reduced the presence of pesticides at home and consequently in biological matrices in three studies out of six. Finally, the effect of the occupants' sociodemographic characteristics, behaviors, and hygiene practices on the exposure measurement was less well documented and results were fairly inconsistent. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study consolidates our knowledge of the determinants influencing pesticide exposure levels in people living in agricultural areas. Nevertheless, the available scientific data is still too limited to serve as a basis for developing risk management measures. More research is needed to improve knowledge of the determinants of exposure.
Published: 2020
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16. Necessary Integrative Approaches

Author: Pierre Cellier, Raia Silvia Massad, J. Lathière, Carole Bedos, Paul Robin, Nathalie de Noblet-Ducoudré, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), and AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, Pollutant, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Forcing (recursion theory), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Scale (chemistry), Environmental resource management, Climate change, 010501 environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Deposition (geology), 13. Climate action, Agriculture, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Water quality, business, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Air quality index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The importance of land-atmosphere interactions for climate and air quality has been analysed in many studies published over the last years, with a large range of scales investigated. In this chapter, we analyse at the different scales with a systemic approach how the processes of emission, transformation, transport and deposition of air pollutants must be integrated, taking into account the effect of agricultural practices and including a focus on livestock housings which are intense point sources. Spatial interactions between pollutant sources and sinks or feedback loops within the agriculture-air system at landscape scale are described, as well as at the interface between rural and urban areas. This chapter also looks at interactions between the agriculture-air system and external forcing elements such as climate change, and the links with other environmental issues such as water quality and biodiversity.
Published: 2020
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17. Establishing a Diagnosis: Inventorying, Monitoring and Assessing

Author: Vincent Colomb, Benoit Gabrielle, Jean-François Castell, Carole Bedos, Christian Bockstaller, Aurélien Gouzy, Sophie Genermont, Etienne Mathias, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre interprofessionnel technique d'étude des pollutions atmosphériques (CITEPA), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), and Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)
Subjects: Pollution, Monitoring, media_common.quotation_subject, Air pollution, Public policy, Observation, Network, 010501 environmental sciences, Assessment, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, 11. Sustainability, medicine, Air quality index, Environmental planning, Risk management, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Pollutant, Ecosystem health, business.industry, Inventory, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Indicator, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Air quality, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, business
Abstract: International audience; Improving air quality is a major challenge for public health and the environment. Assessing the contribution of agricultural activity to air pollution and the resulting impacts is a prerequisite for recommending mitigation practices. More important, their long-term adoption can only be justified by performing a real-time assessment of their effectiveness. Since the 1990s, using emission indicators, air contamination levels and environmental impacts has indeed become a widespread means of supporting decision-making at different levels, risk management and public policy assessment. However, this assessment is made difficult owing to the complex network of processes involved and the variability in pollutant emission and deposition. This chapter first details the methodologies implemented for emission inventories, used to better target the largest contributing sources, to check whether national commitments have been met, and to assess the trends. It also presents observation networks established to monitor background air pollution, deposition as precipitation, gases and particles in rural and forest areas, and impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. Finally, it outlines the indicators used to assess the impacts of agricultural practices on human and ecosystem health via the atmospheric compartment and it gives examples of their practical use to manage pollution risks, evaluate agricultural practices or compare agricultural products.
Published: 2020
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18. Introduction 1: Agriculture and Air Quality: Background Information

Author: Jean-François Castell, Sophie Genermont, Carole Bedos, Pierre Cellier, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), and AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, Pollutant, Pollution, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Air pollution, Biomass, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, Environmental protection, Agriculture, 11. Sustainability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, medicine, Environmental science, Production (economics), business, Air quality index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract: The issue of air quality emerged in the agricultural world at the turn of the twenty-first century. Agriculture is involved as air pollutant sources (e.g. ammonia, particles, pesticides) and, conversely, crop production is directly impacted by air pollutants (e.g. ozone). In this context, agriculture has to make a compromise between food/feed/biomass production and environmental preservation. Thus, air pollution is now a major concern for professionals and for institutions that help agricultural sector players implement and plan for agricultural and environmental policies. This introduction first describes the main issues and approaches around the “agriculture and air quality” topic, taking into account recent trends in both air pollution and agricultural activity. It presents the specificities of agricultural activities and their relations with other anthropogenic activities, as regards air quality. The main issues related to air pollutant emissions and impacts on agriculture are highlighted as well as the links between these emissions and their impacts on the environment.
Published: 2020
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19. Modelling Exchanges: From the Process Scale to the Regional Scale

Author: Jean-Louis Drouet, Benjamin Loubet, Isabelle Coll, Carole Bedos, Andrée Tuzet, Matthias Beekmann, Erwan Personne, Raia Silvia Massad, Sophie Genermont, Audrey Fortems-Cheiney, Sébastien Saint-Jean, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Pollutant, Process modeling, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Process (engineering), Scale (chemistry), Environmental resource management, Integration, Climate change, 010501 environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Field (geography), Chemistry-transport model, Model coupling, Air quality prediction, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Process modelling, business, Air quality index, Soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; This chapter shows how the knowledge on the processes of surface exchange and atmospheric fate of different pollutants from agriculture or with an impact on agroecosystems is factored into mathematical simulation tools. It also considers the complexity of the interactions involved, the quantities of matter exchanged between agroecosystems and the atmosphere, and the measurement methods used to quantify them. The resulting models, which range from highly local (plant, leaf …) to global scales, ultimately enable to assess the impacts of changes in agricultural practices or climate change on pollutant exchanges between the atmosphere and agroecosystems. We describe different modelling approaches at the process, field, landscape and regional scales with different integrative levels. Model results are useful to understand how different processes interact and to predict how different environmental conditions, future climate or agricultural practices affect air quality. Models can also help identify levers for emission mitigation and estimate their efficiency.
Published: 2020
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20. Mechanisms of Pollutant Exchange at Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Interfaces and Atmospheric Fate

Author: J. Lathière, Raia Silvia Massad, Eric Villenave, Raluca Ciuraru, Benjamin Loubet, Carole Bedos, Sophie Genermont, Patrick Stella, Andrée Tuzet, Laurent Huber, Sébastien Saint-Jean, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physicochemical equilibria, Air pollution, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, Soil, medicine, Biogenic processes, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Air quality index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 2. Zero hunger, Pollutant, Vegetation, Environmental engineering, 15. Life on land, Dispersion, Transfer, Surface, Chemistry, Deposition (aerosol physics), 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The presence in the atmosphere of pollutants emitted from agriculture or impacting crop production, their concentration levels and their residence time depend on a series of physical, chemical and biological processes. This chapter describes the basic mechanisms and the main factors involved in air pollutant emissions and fate in agricultural systems. These include emissions to the atmosphere from fields or livestock husbandry, atmospheric transfers at various scales – from the proximity of the sources to regional and global scales –, atmospheric chemistry and deposition to ecosystem. These concepts are necessary to understand the context and various choices that can be made in terms of measuring air concentrations and emission/deposition fluxes and of modelling emissions, atmospheric fate – dispersion, transport, degradation – and deposition. The knowledge on these processes contributes to modelling the impact of agricultural sources on air quality and the impact of air pollution on ecosystems. It also helps identify levers for mitigating emissions from agriculture and impacts of air pollution on crops.
Published: 2020
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21. Assessment of residential exposures to agricultural pesticides: A scoping review

Author: Camille Carles, Raphaëlle Teysseire, Guyguy Manangama, Carole Bedos, Fleur Delva, Isabelle Baldi, Patrick Brochard, Cancer environnement (EPICENE ), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Agence Régionale de Santé Nouvelle-Aquitaine [Bordeaux] (ARS NA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), and AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Epidemiology, Physiology, Scientific literature, Urine, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Geoinformatics, Medicine and Health Sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, Materials, Multidisciplinary, Geography, Respiration, Eukaryota, Agriculture, Dust, EPICENE, Plants, Body Fluids, 3. Good health, Inhalation, Physical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Medicine, Epidemiological Methods and Statistics, Public Health, Anatomy, Agrochemicals, Risk assessment, Environmental Monitoring, Research Article, Computer and Information Sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Materials Science, Crops, Risk Assessment, Fruits, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, medicine, Humans, Pesticides, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Exposure assessment, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, business.industry, Public health, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Environmental Exposure, Pesticide, 13. Climate action, Geographic Information Systems, Housing, Earth Sciences, Observational study, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Pest Control, Physiological Processes, business, Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; The assessment of residential exposure to agricultural pesticides is a major issue for public health, regulatory and management purposes. In recent years, research into this field has developed considerably. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an overview of scientific literature characterizing residential exposure to agricultural pesticides and to identify potential gaps in this research area. This work was conducted according to the JBI and PRISMA guidelines. Three databases were consulted. At least two experts selected the eligible studies. Our scoping review enabled us to identify 151 articles published between 1988 and 2019 dealing with the assessment of residential exposure to agricultural pesticides. Of these, 98 (64.9%) were epidemiological studies investigating possible links between pesticide exposure and the onset of adverse health effects, principally cancers and reproductive outcomes. They predominantly used Geographic Information Systems and sometimes surveys or interviews to calculate surrogate exposure metrics, the most common being the amounts of pesticides applied or the surface area of crops around the dwelling. Twenty-six (17.2%) were observational measurement studies conducted to quantify levels of pesticide exposure and identify their possible determinants. These studies assessed exposure by measuring pesticides in biological and environmental matrices, mostly in urines and house dust. Finally, we found only eight publications (5.3%) that quantified the risk to human health due to residential exposure for management purposes, in which exposure was mainly determined using probabilistic models. Pesticide exposure appears to be largely correlated with the spatial organization of agriculture activities in a territory. The determinants and routes of exposure remain to be explored to improve the conduct of epidemiological and risk assessment studies and to help prevent future exposures. Improvement could be expected from small-scale studies combining different methods of exposure assessment.
Published: 2020
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22. Assessment and comparison of the impacts on the environment and on human health of pesticides used in conventional and in innovative cropping systems designed to reduce pesticide use

Author: Laure Mamy, Lionel Alletto, Carole Bedos, Pierre Benoit, François Brun, Benoit Gabrielle, Eric Justes, Kennedy, Marc C., Sabine-Karen Lammoglia, David Makowski, Jesús María Marín-Benito, Julien Moeys, Nicolas Munier-Jolain, Bernard Nicolardot, Valerie Pot, Thibaud Quemar, Marjorie Ubertosi, Enrique Barriuso, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and MAMY, Laure
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

23. Modélisation Intégrée du devenir des Pesticides dans les Paysages agricoles (projet MIPP)

Author: Marc Voltz, Carole Bedos, David Crevoisier, Jean-Christophe Fabre, Benjamin Loubet, Manuel Chataignier, Bankwal, P., Enrique Barriuso, Pierre Benoit, Yves Brunet, Eric Casellas, Patrick Chabrier, Camille Chambon, Cécile Dagès, Jean Paul Douzals, Jean-Louis Drouet, François Lafolie, Laure Mamy, Nicolas Moitrier, Erwan Personne, Valerie Pot, Helene Raynal, Bernadette Ruelle, Anatja Samouëlian, Saudreau, M., Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

24. Sur l’impact des pesticides, la recherche scientifique doit éclairer la décision publique

Author: Marion Desquilbet, Laurence Huc, Jean Francois Humbert, Bernard Salles, Stefan Ambec, Isabelle Arpin, Fabienne Barataud, Luc Barbaro, Jean Marc Barbier, Cécile Barnaud, Sébastien Barot, Carole Bedos, Pierre Benoit, Antoine Bernard de Raymond, Gabrielle Bouleau, Nicolas Bricas, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Sciences Sociales (IRISSO), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés (LISIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-ESIEE Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Contaminants & Stress Cellulaire (ToxAlim-COMICS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Toulouse School of Economics (TSE-R), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance
Abstract: L’appel à projets annoncé par le gouvernement le 9 mai ne suffira pas à couvrir l’ensemble des problématiques liées à l’utilisation des pesticides, déplore un collectif de près de 260 scientifiques, qui prônent une gestion plus ambitieuse « au nom du bien commun ».
Published: 2019

25. Pesticide dissipation in the environment. Abiotic processes

Author: Carole Bedos, Pierre Benoit, Laure Mamy, Jean-Paul David DOUZALS, Frederik van den Berg, ProdInra, Migration, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Information – Technologies – Analyse Environnementale – Procédés Agricoles (UMR ITAP), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

26. Agriculture and Air Quality : Investigating, Assessing and Managing

Author: Carole Bedos, Sophie Génermont, Jean-François Castell, Pierre Cellier, Carole Bedos, Sophie Génermont, Jean-François Castell, and Pierre Cellier
Subjects: Environmental sciences, Air--Pollution, Agriculture--Environmental aspects, Geobiology, Computer simulation, Measurement, Physical measurements
Abstract: This book gives an overview of the relationships between agriculture and air quality, which is an issue of increasing importance for practitioners and policy makers. It provides the keys to understand natural and anthropogenic mechanisms governing emission and deposition of pollutants produced by and/or impacting agricultural activitiesIt identifies how management practices can help mitigating emissions and how public policies on air pollution progressively addressed the agricultural sectorThis book was written for students, researchers and agriculture actors as well as for public decision-makers
Published: 2020

27. Implementation of the effects of physicochemical properties on the foliar penetration of pesticides and its potential for estimating pesticide volatilization from plants

Author: Frederik van den Berg, Nebila Lichiheb, Carole Bedos, Erwan Personne, Enrique Barriuso, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), and Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR)
Subjects: Pollution, Environmental Risk Assessment, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physicochemical properties, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Air pollution, leaf pentration, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Pesticides, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Volatilisation, Atmospheric pollution, Chlorothalonil, Pesticide residue, Atmosphere, Leaf penetration, Environmental engineering, Pesticide Residues, Modeling, Penetration (firestop), Pesticide, Plants, Plant Leaves, Parathion, chemistry, Models, Chemical, Formulation, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Volatilization
Abstract: Volatilization from plant foliage is known to have a great contribution to pesticide emission to the atmosphere. However, its estimation is still difficult because of our poor understanding of processes occurring at the leaf surface. A compartmental approach for dissipation processes of pesticides applied on the leaf surface was developed on the base of experimental study performed under controlled conditions using laboratory volatilization chamber. This approach was combined with physicochemical properties of pesticides and was implemented in SURFATM-Pesticides model in order to predict pesticide volatilization from plants in a more mechanistic way. The new version of SURFATM-Pesticide model takes into account the effect of formulation on volatilization and leaf penetration. The model was evaluated in terms of 3 pesticides applied on plants at the field scale (chlorothalonil, fenpropidin and parathion) which display a wide range of volatilization rates. The comparison of modeled volatilization fluxes with measured ones shows an overall good agreement for the three tested compounds. Furthermore the model confirms the considerable effect of the formulation on the rate of the decline in volatilization fluxes especially for systemic products. However, due to the lack of published information on the substances in the formulations, factors accounting for the effect of formulation are described empirically. A sensitivity analysis shows that in addition to vapor pressure, the octanol–water partition coefficient represents important physicochemical properties of pesticides affecting pesticide volatilization from plants. Finally the new version of SURFATM-Pesticides is a prospecting tool for key processes involved in the description of pesticide volatilization from plants.
Published: 2016
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28. Meta-modeling methods for estimating ammonia volatilization from nitrogen fertilizer and manure applications

Author: Maharavo Marie Julie Ramanantenasoa, Jean-Marc Gilliot, Carole Bedos, Sophie Genermont, David Makowski, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech, centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
Subjects: Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Meta-modeling, 01 natural sciences, Partial least squares regression, Statistics, Waste Management and Disposal, Mathematics, Ammoniac, 2. Zero hunger, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Volatilisation, General Medicine, Random forest, Process-based model, Fertilizer, France, Ammonia emission, Environmental Engineering, Mean squared error, Nitrogen, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, engineering.material, Ammonia, Linear regression, Animals, Fertilizers, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Engrais azoté, Modélisation des cultures, Generalized additive model, Volt’Air, 15. Life on land, Ammonia volatilization from urea, Manure, 020801 environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, Fertilization, engineering, Cattle, Volatilization, F04 - Fertilisation
Abstract: Accurate estimations of ammonia (NH 3) emissions due to nitrogen (N) fertilization are required to identify efficient mitigation techniques and improve agricultural practices. Process-based models such as Volt'Air can be used for this purpose because they incorporate the effects of several key factors influencing NH 3 volatilization at fine spatio-temporal resolutions. However, these models require a large number of input variables and their implementation on a large scale requires long computation times that may restrict their use by public en- vironmental agencies. In this study, we assess the capabilities of various types of meta-models to emulate the complex process-based Volt'Air for estimating NH3 emission rates from N fertilizer and manure applications. Meta-models were developed for three types of fertilizer (N solution, cattle farmyard manure, and pig slurry) for four major agricultural French regions (Bretagne, Champagne-Ardenne, Ile-de-France, and Rhône-Alpes) and at the national (France) scale. The meta-models were developed from 106,092 NH3 emissions simulated by Volt'Air in France. Their performances were evaluated by cross-validation, and the meta-models providing the best approximation of the original model were selected. The results showed that random forest and ordinary linear regression models were more accurate than generalized additive models, partial least squares regressions, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regressions. Better approximations of Volt'Air simulations were obtained for cattle farmyard manure (3% < relative root mean square error of prediction (RRMSEP) < 8%) than for pig slurry (17% < RRMSEP < 19%) and N solution (21% < RRMSEP < 40%). The selected meta- models included between 6 and 15 input variables related to weather conditions, soil properties and cultural practices. Because of their simplicity and their short computation time, our meta-models offer a promising alternative to process-based models for NH3 emission inventories at both regional and national scales. Our approach could be implemented to emulate other process-based models in other countries.
Published: 2018
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29. Pesticide fate modelling in conservation tillage: Simulating the effect of mulch and cover crop on S-metolachlor leaching

Author: Jesús M. Marín-Benito, Lionel Alletto, Valérie Pot, Carole Bedos, Pierre Benoit, Laure Mamy, Enrique Barriuso, Université Paris-Saclay, IRNASA-CSIC, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Chambre Régionale d'Agriculture d'Occitanie (CRA Occitanie), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Marín-Benito, Jesús M., UMR AGIR, INRA, INPT, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Chambre d'agriculture régionale d'Occitanie, and Ministère de l'Écologie, du Développement durable et de l'Énergie (France)
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, inorganic chemicals, Crop residue, Crop residues, Environmental Engineering, Pesticide fate model, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MACRO, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Soil, macro, pesticide fate model, crop residue, cover crop, field experiment, pesticide, Acetamides, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, Pesticides, Leaching (agriculture), Cover crop, Waste Management and Disposal, Water content, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Cover crops, technology, industry, and agriculture, food and beverages, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, equipment and supplies, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Field experiment, Tillage, Pesticide, Models, Chemical, Agronomy, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Mulch, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: 39 páginas, 5 figuras, 5 tablas. -- The definitive version is available at http://www.elsevier.com, Conservation tillage practices mainly based on cover crops and no-tillage with accumulation of crop residues at the soil surface (mulch)modify the environmental fate of pesticides. However, only fewpesticide fate models are able to considermulch of crop residues aswell as the effect of intermediate cover crops. Thus, the objective was to develop an approach to model the effects of crop residues left at the soil surface and cover crops on the fate of pesticides. This approach consisted in (1) considering the crop residues as a soil layer with specific physical, hydrodynamic and pesticide-reactivity properties close to that of a high organic content soil layer, and (2) introducing a correction factor of the potential evapotranspiration, estimated through a calibration step, to take into account the reduction of soil evaporation by the presence of a mulch. This approach was developed using MACRO as support pesticide model. To assess the model performances,we used the data from a field experiment designed in an irrigated maize monoculture under conservation tillage. Soil water content, water percolates, soil temperature and S-metolachlor herbicide concentrations in the leachate at 1mdepth weremeasured during two years. The approach chosen to simulate the mulch effects allowed MACRO to make acceptable predictions of the observed water percolation, soil temperature and to a less extent herbicide leaching. However, it showed a poor performance to simulate the soil water content. Results are discussed in terms of further modelling options to better assess the environmental risks of pesticides under conservation tillage. This approach remains to be tested against various soils, crops, pesticides and types of mulch., JM Marín-Benito benefited from a post-doctoral contract through the ECoPESt project that is supported by the Pesticides research program “Assessing and reducing environmental risks from plant protection products” of the French Ministry in charge of Ecology founded by the ECOPHYTO plan managed by ONEMA.
Published: 2018
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30. A new framework to estimate spatio-temporal ammonia emissions due to nitrogen fertilization in France

Author: Carole Bedos, David Makowski, Etienne Mathias, Sophie Genermont, Catherine Mignolet, Jean-Marc Gilliot, Maharavo Marie Julie Ramanantenasoa, Thomas Eglin, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d'Etude des Pollutions Atmosphériques (CITEPA), Agronomie, Unité de recherche SAD ASTER - Station de Mirecourt (INRA SAD), and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cultural practices, Cadastre, CADASTRE_NH3, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Volt'Air model, business.industry, Intensive farming, Environmental engineering, Animal husbandry, Emission factorsFrance, Pollution, Manure, Nitrogen, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, National inventory, engineering, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Fertilizer, business
Abstract: In France, agriculture is responsible for 98% of ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions with over 50% caused by nitrogen (N) fertilization. The current French national inventory is based on default emission factors (EF) and does not account for the main variables influencing NH 3 emissions. To model the spatio-temporal variability of NH 3 emissions due to mineral and organic N fertilization, we implemented a new method named CADASTRE_NH 3 . The novelty lies in the combined use of two types of resources: the process-based Volt'Air model and geo-referenced and temporally explicit databases for soil properties, meteorological conditions and N fertilization. Simulation units are the Small Agricultural Regions. Several sources of information were combined to obtain N fertilization management: census and surveys of the French Ministry of Agriculture, statistics on commercial fertilizer deliveries, and French expertise on physicochemical properties of organic manure. The practical interest of this new framework was illustrated for France during the crop year 2005/06. Aggregation at crop year level showed a reasonable agreement between estimated values derived from CADASTRE_NH 3 and those from the French inventory method, for N and ammoniacal-N (TAN) application rates, total NH 3 emissions and NH 3 EF. Discrepancies were large for organic manure only; national TAN application rates and NH 3 emissions were 62–63% lower with CADASTRE_NH 3 . This was due to divergences in the representation of cattle farm yard manure and in the TAN:N ratio of solid manure. Annual emissions for fertilization in France were estimated to be 270 Gg NH 3 , 29% lower than the French national inventory estimate. At the regional level, organic manure contributed to 73% of field NH 3 emissions in intensive livestock husbandry areas and to 41% in the other areas. The CADASTRE_NH 3 framework can be seen as a Tier 3 approach able to estimate specific regional EF for different mineral fertilizers and organic manure.
Published: 2017
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31. Integrated Modelling of pesticide fate in agricultural landscapes

Author: Marc Voltz, Carole Bedos, Fabre Jc, -., Benjamin Loubet, Mathieu Chataignier, Bankwal P, Enrique Barriuso, Pierre Benoit, Yves Brunet, Eric Casellas, Camille Chambon, David Crevoisier, Cécile Dagès, Jean-Paul Douzals, Drouet Jl, Francois Lafolie, Laure Mamy, Nicolas Moitrier, Erwan Personne, Valerie Pot, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), and Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [MATH]Mathematics [math], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

32. Modeling S-metolachlor leaching in an agricultural soil covered with plant-residue

Author: Jesús-María Marín-Benito, Lionel Alletto, Enrique Barriuso, Carole Bedos, Pierre Benoit, Valerie Pot-Genty, Laure Mamy, Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], inorganic chemicals, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], technology, industry, and agriculture, food and beverages, equipment and supplies, complex mixtures
Abstract: Modeling S-metolachlor leaching in an agricultural soil covered with plant-residue. Pesticide Behaviour in Soils, Water and Air
Published: 2017

33. Mamy L, Alletto L, Barriuso E, Bedos C, Benoit P, Brun F, Gabrielle B, Giuliano S, Hart ADM, Justes E, Kennedy MC, Makowski D, Marín-Benito JM, Moeys J, Pot V, Poudroux D, Quemar T, Rametti G, Yemadje-Lammoglia SK, 2017. Approches de modélisation pour l’évaluation et la comparaison des performances environnementales de systèmes de culture innovants conçus pour réduire l’usage des pesticides : intégration spatiale et temporelle, traitement des incertitudes (Perform). Rapport final, avril 2017, 44 p

Author: Laure Mamy, Lionel Alletto, Enrique Barriuso, Carole Bedos, Pierre Benoit, François Brun, Benoit Gabrielle, Simon Giuliano, Andy Hart, Eric Justes, Kennedy, Marc C., David Makowski, Jesús María Marín-Benito, Julien Moeys, Valerie Pot, Daniel Poudroux, Thibaud Quemar, Gaël Rametti, Sabine Karen Lammoglia, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and INRAE
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Published: 2017

34. Fate and impact of pesticides: new directions to explore

Author: Céline Pelosi, Christian Mougin, Carole Bedos, Enrique Barriuso, Pierre Benoit, Laure Mamy, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech
Subjects: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 010501 environmental sciences, Pesticide, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Ecotoxicology, Environmental planning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 10 articles; Fate and impact of pesticides: new directions to explore
Published: 2017
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35. ECoPESt - Evaluation et comparaison des performances environnementales de systèmes de culture innovants conçus pour réduire l’usage des pesticides : lien entre pratiques, pressions et impacts. Rapport final, 130 pp

Author: Laure Mamy, Lionel Alletto, Carole Bedos, Pierre Benoit, Marie-Hélène Bernicot, Catherine Bonnet, Marc Buthiot, Arnaud Coffin, Caroline Colnenne, Romain Dairon, Sébastien Darras, Thierry Doré, Pascal Farcy, Simon Giuliano, Gilles Grandeau, Eric Hanocq, Andy Hart, Nick Jarvis, Eric Justes, Kennedy, Marc C., Sabine-Karen Lammoglia, Mats Larsbo, Dominique Le Floch, Michel Leleu, Frédéric Lombard, Jesús María Marín-Benito, David Makowski, Pascal Marget, Julien Moeys, Nicolas Munier-Jolain, Bernard Nicolardot, Pimet Eric, Valerie Pot, Didier Raffaillac, Gaël Rametti, Nathalie Strehl, Véronique Tanneau, Marjorie Ubertosi, Carolina Ugarte, Gregory Vericel, Enrique Barriuso, and MAMY, Laure
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences
Published: 2017

36. Colloque « Agriculture et qualité de l'air », mars 2019

Author: Carole Bedos, Gaëlle Uzu, Jean-François Castell, Raluca Ciuraru, Valérie Gros, Benjamin Loubet, Pierre Cellier, Sophie Genermont, and Pauline Buysse
Subjects: 13. Climate action, 7. Clean energy
Abstract: EnglishThe multiple agricultural activities including crop cultivation and indoor livestock farming are a source of atmospheric pollutants which can directly or indirectly impact the environment. The workshop 'Agriculture and air quality' was held last March in Paris and gathered researchers from both academic and operational backgrounds, who presented their recent works on emissions from agricultural activities (with a focus on ammoniac, volatile organic compounds, pesticides and aerosols) and their impact on air quality, health and ecosystems. francaisDe par ses nombreuses activites liees aux cultures et a l'elevage, l'agriculture est une source de polluants atmospheriques qui peuvent directement ou indirectement impacter l'environnement. Le colloque « Agriculture et qualite de l'air » s'est tenu en mars dernier a Paris et a reuni divers intervenants de la recherche academique et operationnelle francophone pour presenter des travaux recents sur les emissions des polluants agricoles (focus sur ammoniac, composes organiques volatils, composes phytopharmaceutiques et aerosols) et sur leurs impacts sur la qualite de l'air, la sante et les ecosystemes.
Published: 2019
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37. Les espaces périurbains : entre pollution des villes et pollution des champs aux échelles régionale et locale

Author: Sébastien Saint-Jean, Carole Bedos, Caroline Petit, Patrick Stella, Erwan Personne, Benjamin Loubet, Sophie Genermont, Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, atmospheric pollution, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, pollution atmosphérique, périubain, periurban, Atmospheric pollution, Forestry, 15. Life on land, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, Pollution, 12. Responsible consumption, Geography, 13. Climate action, 11. Sustainability, agriculture
Abstract: International audience; Periurban areas, zone of transition between urban and rural areas, are submitted to several sources of pollution, both gaseous and particulate. These pollutions originate from local sources such as residential sector, traffic road and agricultural activities, but also from regional ones from adjacent urban and (pseudo-)natural areas. This paper presents a synthesis of the different sources affecting air quality in periurban areas. It is clear that pollutions from anthropogenic activities cannot be fully dissociated to those from (pseudo-)natural ecosystem functioning in these areas. Finally, the atmospheric pollution issues are discussed in emphasis with periurban agriculture, already present and under development in these areas due to the development of short food supply chains and local food consumptions.; Les territoires périurbains, zones de transition entre les zones urbaines et rurales, sont soumis à de nombreuses pollutions à la fois gazeuses et particulaires. Ces pollutions proviennent de sources locales comme les activités résidentielles, le trafic routier et les activités agricoles, mais également de sources régionales issues des activités urbaines et des émissions des zones (pseudo-)naturelles adjacentes. Cet article présente une synthèse des différentes sources de pollution affectant la qualité de l’air en milieu périurbain. Il est évident que les pollutions purement anthropiques ne peuvent être dissociées de celles issues du fonctionnement des écosystèmes (pseudo-)naturels dans ces espaces. Enfin, les enjeux vis-à-vis de l’agriculture périurbaine, fortement présente et en développement du fait d’une volonté de consommer des productions locales, sont discutés.
Published: 2016
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38. Observed volatilization fluxes of S-metolachlor and benoxacor applied on soil with and without crop residues

Author: Simon Giuliano, Benjamin Loubet, Eric Ceschia, Brigitte Durand, Lionel Alletto, Carole Bedos, Marjolaine Bourdat-Deschamps, Olivier Fanucci, Aurore Brut, Pierre Benoit, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, Crop residue, crop residues, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], wind tunnel, Soil science, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Soil, Flux (metallurgy), Diurnal cycle, emission, Acetamides, Oxazines, Environmental Chemistry, pesticide, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Volatilisation, Pesticide residue, Pesticide Residues, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Pesticide, Pollution, field, 6. Clean water, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Volatilization, Metolachlor
Abstract: Volatilization may represent a major dissipation pathway for pesticides applied to soils or crops, and these losses may be modified by soil surface conditions or in the presence of plant residues. This paper investigates the effect of surface conditions on volatilization through experimental results. The two experiments consisted of volatilization flux measurements for 3 days after an application of S-metolachlor together with benoxacor: one with two wind tunnels to compare the effect of the presence of crop residues on the soil on volatilization losses and another one at the field scale from bare soil without crop residues. Volatilization fluxes were large immediately after application (between 77 and 223 ng m−2 s−1 for S-metolachlor depending on experimental conditions), decreasing down to a few nanograms per square meter per second on the last day. Volatilization fluxes followed a diurnal cycle driven by environmental conditions. The losses found for both compounds were in accordance with their physicochemical properties. The crop residue on the soil surface modified soil surface conditions—primarily the soil water content essentially, the degradation of S-metolachlor, and the dynamics of volatilization loss.
Published: 2016
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39. La contamination de l’atmosphère par les produits phytosanitaires. Protéger les végétaux des attaques de pesticides nuisibles

Author: Carole Bedos, Maurice Millet, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Sciences Humaines (Strasbourg 2), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, and Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, Atmospheric Science, 13. Climate action, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pollution
Abstract: Les produits phytosanitaires sont des produits developpes et utilises depuis plusieurs dizaines d’annees pour proteger les cultures agricoles de divers bioagresseurs des cultures. Cet usage entraine une contamination de l’environnement et notamment du compartiment atmospherique, et ce quelle qu’en soit la phase : gazeuse, liquide (pluie, brouillard) ou solide (aerosols). Les niveaux de concentrations vont dependre des processus sources (emission pendant et en postapplication), puits (photodegradation, depots humides et secs) et de transport atmospherique. Ainsi, plusieurs facteurs vont conditionner les concentrations observees, tels que les techniques de traitements et plus globalement les pratiques culturales, les produits utilises (proprietes physico-chimiques de la matiere active, co-formulants, adjuvants) ou les conditions pedoclimatiques locales, ainsi que la distance a la source.
Published: 2016

40. Contamination des eaux de surface par les pesticides : extension et évaluation d’un outil d’évaluation de la part des apports aériens

Author: Carole Bedos, Benjamin Loubet, Celine Decuq, Brigitte Durand, Olivier Fanucci, Sara Chakkour, Vanessa Lecuyer, Marjolaine Deschamps, Sophie Génermont, Erwan Personne, Enrique Barriuso Benito, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, projet financé par l’ONEMA, Office National de l'Eau et des Milieux Aquatiques, Contrat : Action n°27, Commanditaire : Office National de l'Eau et des Milieux Aquatiques (France), and Type de commanditaire ou d'auteur de la saisine : Etablissements publics nationaux spécialisés (offices, agences...)
Subjects: eau de surface, contamination, évaluation, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, pollution de l'eau, pesticide
Abstract: Contamination des eaux de surface par les pesticides : extension et évaluation d’un outil d’évaluation de la part des apports aériens
Published: 2016

41. Assessing the ability of mechanistic volatilization models to simulate soil surface conditions

Author: Isabelle Braud, Sophie Genermont, Carole Bedos, Pierre Cellier, and Lucas Garcia
Subjects: Chemical process, Work (thermodynamics), Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil science, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, Energy budget, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Hydraulic conductivity, Heat transfer, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Surface layer, Waste Management and Disposal, Water content, Surface water, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Ammonia and pesticide volatilization in the field is a surface phenomenon involving physical and chemical processes that depend on the soil surface temperature and water content. The water transfer, heat transfer and energy budget sub models of volatilization models are adapted from the most commonly accepted formalisms and parameterizations. They are less detailed than the dedicated models describing water and heat transfers and surface status. The aim of this work was to assess the ability of one of the available mechanistic volatilization models, Volt'Air, to accurately describe the pedo-climatic conditions of a soil surface at the required time and space resolution. The assessment involves: (i) a sensitivity analysis, (ii) an evaluation of Volt'Air outputs in the light of outputs from a reference Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer model (SiSPAT) and three experimental datasets, and (iii) the study of three tests based on modifications of SiSPAT to establish the potential impact of the simplifying assumptions used in Volt'Air. The analysis confirmed that a 5 mm surface layer was well suited, and that Volt'Air surface temperature correlated well with the experimental measurements as well as with SiSPAT outputs. In terms of liquid water transfers, Volt'Air was overall consistent with SiSPAT, with discrepancies only during major rainfall events and dry weather conditions. The tests enabled us to identify the main source of the discrepancies between Volt'Air and SiSPAT: the lack of gaseous water transfer description in Volt'Air. They also helped to explain why neither Volt'Air nor SiSPAT was able to represent lower values of surface water content: current classical water retention and hydraulic conductivity models are not yet adapted to cases of very dry conditions. Given the outcomes of this study, we discuss to what extent the volatilization models can be improved and the questions they pose for current research in water transfer modeling and parameterization.
Published: 2011
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42. Prediction of the Fate of Organic Compounds in the Environment From Their Molecular Properties: A Review

Author: Carole Bedos, Pierre Benoit, Xavier Louchart, Cecile Miege, Fabienne Bessac, Fabrice Martin-Laurent, Laure Mamy, Dominique Patureau, Enrique Barriuso, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Groupe Méthodes et outils de la chimie quantique (LCPQ) (GMO), Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] ( LBE ), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), INPT, Ecole d'ingénieurs de Purpan, Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ), Méthodes et outils de la chimie quantique (LCPQ), Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques ( LCPQ ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème ( UMR LISAH ), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [ Madagascar] ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions ( UR MALY ), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA )
Subjects: Quantitative structure–activity relationship, Environmental Engineering, physicochemical properties, [ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences, biodegradation, Dissociation (chemistry), [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, molecular descriptors, Adsorption, Desorption, Molecular descriptor, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, volatilization, Waste Management and Disposal, Dissolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Water Science and Technology, sorption, Chemistry, QSAR, abiotic degradation, Original Articles, Biodegradation, Pollution, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; A comprehensive review of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) allowing the prediction of the fate of organic compounds in the environment from their molecular properties was done. The considered processes were water dissolution, dissociation, volatilization, retention on soils and sediments (mainly adsorption and desorption), degradation (biotic and abiotic), and absorption by plants. A total of 790 equations involving 686 structural molecular descriptors are reported to estimate 90 environmental parameters related to these processes. A significant number of equations was found for dissociation process (pKa), water dissolution or hydrophobic behavior (especially through the KOW parameter), adsorption to soils and biodegradation. A lack of QSAR was observed to estimate desorption or potential of transfer to water. Among the 686 molecular descriptors, 5 were found to be dominant in the 790 collected equations and the most generic ones: four quantum-chemical descriptors, the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO) and the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (ELUMO), polarizability (α) and dipole moment (μ), and one constitutional descriptor, the molecular weight (MW). Keeping in mind that the combination of descriptors belonging to different categories (constitutional, topological, quantum-chemical…) led to improve QSAR performances, these descriptors should be considered for the development of new QSAR, for further predictions of environmental parameters. This review also allows finding of the relevant QSAR equations to predict the fate of a wide diversity of compounds in the environment.
Published: 2015
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43. ECHAP : un projet pour identifier les possibilités de réduction de l’utilisation des fongicides en utilisant l’architecture des couverts

Author: Corinne Robert, Christian Fournier, Mariem Abichou, Bruno Andrieu, Marie-Odile Bancal, Enrique Barriuso, Carole Bedos, Pierre Benoit, Valerie Bergheaud, Marc Bidon, Bernard Bonicelli, Camille Chambon, Chapuis, R., Eric Cotteux, Da Costa, J., Brigitte Durand, Nathalie Gagnaire, Damien Gaudillat, Christophe Gigot, Guillaume Girardin, David Gouache, Josiane Jean-Jacques, Laure Mamy, Bertrand Ney, Paveley, N., Benjamin Perriot, Samuel Poidevin, Stéphanie Pointet, Valerie Pot-Genty, Christophe Pradal, Richard, C., Sébastien Saint-Jean, Jérôme Salse, Carole Sinfort, Smith, J., Ter Halle, A., Den Berg, E., Anne-Sophie Walker, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], Agricultural Development and Advisory Service, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Modeling plant morphogenesis at different scales, from genes to phenotype (VIRTUAL PLANTS), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), ALTERRA, BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), Groupe Français des Pesticides (GFP). FRA., Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Blaise Pascal (Clermont Ferrand 2) (UBP), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales - Clermont Auvergne (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Alterra Green World Research (ALTERRA), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: architecture, ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, GeneralLiterature_INTRODUCTORYANDSURVEY, traitements, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], septoriose, stomatognathic diseases, fongicides, architechure, InformationSystems_MODELSANDPRINCIPLES, blé, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, ComputerSystemsOrganization_SPECIAL-PURPOSEANDAPPLICATION-BASEDSYSTEMS, modélisation
Abstract: ECHAP : un projet pour identifier les possibilités de réduction de l’utilisation des fongicides en utilisant l’architecture des couverts. 45e Congrès du Groupe Français des Pesticides Devenir et impact des pesticides : verrous à lever et nouveaux enjeux
Published: 2015

44. Bi-directional exchange of volatile organic compounds

Author: Leiming Zhang, Kirsti Ashworth, Steffen M. Noe, J. Lathière, O. Tchepel, Alex Guenther, Renate Forkel, Elise Potier, Janne Rinne, Claire Delon, Carole Bedos, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change, Partenaires INRAE, Lancaster University, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), University of Helsinki, Universidade de Aveiro, Air Quality Research Division, R.S. Massad, B. Loubet, Université de Toulouse (UT), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Environmental engineering, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 01 natural sciences, Methane, Aerosol, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Greenhouse gas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Volatile organic compound, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are a relatively minor component of the atmosphere and yet are widely recognized to have important roles in air quality and climate. With the exception of methane, an important greenhouse gas, atmospheric VOC are primarily of interest because of their impact on other atmospheric constituents, including oxidants and aerosol.
Published: 2015
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45. Synthèse des connaissances sur le transfert des pesticides vers l’atmosphère par volatilisation depuis les plantes

Author: Nebila Lichiheb, Carole Bedos, Enrique Barriuso, Erwan Personne, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, leaf penetration, Atmospheric Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], atmospheric pollution, Forestry, Atmospheric pollution, 15. Life on land, Pollution, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 13. Climate action, Environmental science, photodegradation, volatilization, pesticide
Abstract: The agricultural activity presents the main source of the atmospheric contamination by pesticides. The occurrence of pesticides in the atmosphere concerns the research community due to their potential impacts on population and ecosystems. The volatilization from plants is higher and faster than the volatilization from soil. However, this transfer pathway is difficult to assess with few available models. The lack of knowledge on pesticide volatilization from plants is essentially linked to the complex interactions between processes occurring at the leaf surface and competing with volatilization, such as leaf penetration and photodegradation. This article presents a bibliographic synthesis of the state of knowledge on pesticide volatilization from plants, leaf penetration, photodegradation and control factors of these processes. Measuring methods and existing models describing these processes are also presented and analyzed, Les niveaux de concentration des pesticides dans l’atmosphère méritent une attention particulière de la part de la recherche compte tenu de leurs impacts potentiels sur la population et les écosystèmes. L’activité agricole constitue la principale source de contamination de l’atmosphère par les pesticides. Bien que la volatilisation depuis la plante soit reconnue plus intense et plus rapide que la volatilisation depuis le sol, cette voie de transfert est à ce jour la moins bien renseignée avec peu de modèles disponibles pour sa description. Le manque de connaissances est lié essentiellement à la complexité des interactions entre les processus ayant lieu à la surface de la feuille et qui sont en compétition avec la volatilisation, notamment la pénétration foliaire et la photodégradation. Cet article présente une synthèse bibliographique sur l’état des lieux des connaissances sur le processus de volatilisation des pesticides depuis un couvert végétal, de la pénétration foliaire et de la photodégradation, ainsi que les facteurs de contrôle de ces processus. Les méthodes de mesure ainsi que les modèles existants décrivant ces processus sont également présentés et analysés
Published: 2015

46. Measuring Leaf Penetration and Volatilization of Chlorothalonil and Epoxiconazole Applied on Wheat Leaves in a Laboratory-Scale Experiment

Author: Enrique Barriuso, Carole Bedos, Erwan Personne, Olivier Fanucci, Pierre Benoit, Valérie Bergheaud, Nebila Lichiheb, Jihene Bouhlel, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Research program 'Assessing and reducing environmental risks from plant protection products' - French Ministry in charge of Ecology, and research program 'Assessing and reducing environmental risks from plant protection products' - French Ministry in charge of Agriculture
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Volatilisation, Chlorothalonil, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Extraction (chemistry), food and beverages, Penetration (firestop), Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Pesticide, Pollution, Fungicide, Pesticide formulation, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Agronomy, Epoxiconazole, Waste Management and Disposal, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Estimation of pesticide volatilization from plants is difficult because of our poor understanding of foliar penetration by pesticides, which governs the amount of pesticide available for volatilization from the leaf surface. The description of foliar penetration is still incomplete because experimental measurements of this complex process are difficult. In this study, the dynamics of leaf penetration of 14C-chlorothalonil and 14C-epoxiconazole applied to wheat leaves were measured in a volatilization chamber, which allowed us to simultaneously measure pesticide volatilization. Fungicide penetration into leaves was characterized using a well-defined sequential extraction procedure distinguishing pesticide fractions residing at different foliar compartments; this enabled us to accurately measure the penetration rate constant into the leaves. The effect of pesticide formulation was also examined by comparing formulated and pure epoxiconazole. We observed a strong effect of formulation on leaf penetration in the case of a systemic product. Furthermore, the penetration rate constant of formulated epoxiconazole was almost three times that of pure epoxiconazole (0.47 ± 0.20 and 0.17 ± 0.07, respectively). Our experimental results showed high recovery rates of the radioactivity applied within the range of 90.5 to 105.2%. Moreover, our results confirm that pesticide physicochemical properties are key factors in understanding leaf penetration of pesticide and its volatilization. This study provides important and useful parameters for mechanistic models describing volatilization of fungicides applied to plants, which are scarce in the literature
Published: 2015
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47. Mass transfer of pesticides into the atmosphere by volatilization from soils and plants: overview

Author: Raoul Calvet, Pierre Cellier, Carole Bedos, Benoit Gabrielle, Enrique Barriuso, Unité de recherches en bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Air pollution, Fonofos, FACTEUR PHYSICO-CHIMIQUE, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Crop, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Water content, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Pollutant, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Volatilisation, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pesticide, 6. Clean water, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: Volatilization may represent a major dissipation pathway for pesticides applied to soils or crops, accounting for up to 90% of the application dose in some cases. This paper collects and discusses recent data in the literature about this process. On the day of appli- cation, pesticide volatilization rates ranged from 0.1 g .ha -1.h -1 for prometton compound to 80 g.ha -1.h -1 for fonofos, for example. In ge- neral, pesticides are volatilized from plant surfaces to a greater extent and faster than from the soil. Volatilization continues for from a few days to several weeks (or sometimes even more), occasionally displaying a diurnal cycle. According to the experimental studies re- ported in the literature, the main factors affecting this process during the first few days after treatment have been identified as follows: the physico-chemical characteristics of the compound and the environmental conditions (temperature, soil moisture, nature of the soil or the crop) are key parameters, along with management practices. pesticides / volatilization rate / physico-chemical factors / environmental factors / agricultural practices
Published: 2002
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48. Comparison of three pesticide fate models with respect to the leaching of two herbicides under field conditions in an irrigated maize cropping system

Author: Pierre Benoit, Laure Mamy, Lionel Alletto, Carole Bedos, Valérie Pot, Jesús M. Marín-Benito, Enrique Barriuso, Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Santé des plantes et environnement (S.P.E.)-Environnement et Agronomie (E.A.)-Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés (PESSAC)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Water flow, Pesticide fate models, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010501 environmental sciences, Zea mays, 01 natural sciences, Mesotrione, Soil, Pedotransfer function, Evapotranspiration, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, Leaching (agriculture), Waste Management and Disposal, Water content, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Hydrology, S-metolachlor, Herbicides, Agriculture, Model comparison, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Field experiment, Models, Chemical, Lysimeter, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil horizon, France, Herbicide, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract: The ability of three models (PEARL, MACRO and PRZM) to describe the water transfer and leaching of the herbicides S-metolachlor and mesotrione as observed in an irrigated maize monoculture system in Toulouse area (France) was compared. The models were parameterized with field, laboratory and literature data, and pedotransfer functions using equivalent parameterization to better compare the results and the performance of the models. The models were evaluated and compared from soil water pressure, water content and temperature data monitored at 0.2, 0.5 and 1 m depth, together with water percolates and herbicide concentrations measured in a tension plate lysimeter at 1 m depth. Some hydraulic (n, θ(s)) parameters and mesotrione DT50 needed calibration. After calibration, the comparison of the results obtained by the three models indicated that PRZM was not able to simulate properly the water dynamic in the soil profile. On the contrary, PEARL and MACRO simulated generally quite well the observed water pressure head and volumetric water content at the three different depths during wetting periods (e.g. irrigated cropping period) while a poorest performance was obtained for drying periods (fallow period with bare soil and beginning of crop period). Similar water flow dynamics were simulated by PEARL and MACRO in the soil profile although in general, and due to a higher evapotranspiration in MACRO, PEARL simulated a wetter soil than MACRO. For the whole simulated period, the performance of all models to simulate water leaching at 1m depth was poor, with an overestimation of the total water volume measured in the lysimeter (ranging from 2.2 to 6.6 times). By contrast, soil temperature was properly reproduced by the three models. The models were able to simulate the leaching of herbicides at 1m depth in similar appearance time and order of magnitude as field observations. Cumulative observed and simulated mesotrione losses by leaching were consistently higher than the observed and simulated losses of the less mobile herbicide, S-metolachlor. In general, PRZM predicted the highest concentrations for both herbicides in the leachates while PEARL simulated the observed herbicide concentrations better than MACRO and PRZM.
Published: 2014
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49. Travail du sol et risques de transfert de produits phytosanitaires

Author: Pierre Benoit, Lionel Alletto, Enrique Barriuso, Carole Bedos, Patricia Garnier, Laure Mamy, Valerie Pot-Genty, Benoît Real, Laure Vieublé, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, risque phytosanitaire, transfert, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, travail du sol, pesticide, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: Chaper 7; National audience
Published: 2014

50. Adaptation of a resistive model to pesticide volatilization from plants at the field scale: Comparison with a dataset

Author: Carole Bedos, Nebila Lichiheb, Enrique Barriuso, Erwan Personne, Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech
Subjects: leaf penetration, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Atmospheric Science, Volatilisation, Chlorothalonil, atmospheric pollution, Environmental engineering, Fenpropidin, Energy balance, Climatic variables, Soil science, Atmospheric pollution, Pesticide, pollutant exchange, fungicides, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, wheat, emission, Environmental science, photodegradation, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Volatilization from plants is known to greatly contribute to pesticide emission into the atmosphere. Modeling would allow estimating this contribution, but few models are actually available because of our poor understanding of processes occurring at the leaf surface, competing with volatilization, and also because available datasets for validating models are lacking. The SURFATM-Pesticides model was developed to predict pesticide volatilization from plants. It is based on the concept of resistances and takes into account two processes competing with volatilization (leaf penetration and photodegradation). Model is here presented and simulated results are compared with the experimental dataset obtained at the field scale for two fungicides applied on wheat, fenpropidin and chlorothalonil. These fungicides were chosen because they are largely used, as well as because of their differentiated vapor pressures. The model simulates the energy balance and surface temperature which are in good agreement with the experimental data, using the climatic variables as inputs. The model also satisfactorily simulates the volatilization fluxes of chlorothalonil. In fact, by integrating estimated rate coefficients of leaf penetration and photodegradation for chlorothalonil giving in the literature, the volatilization fluxes were estimated to be 24.8 ng m−2 s−1 compared to 23.6 ng m−2 s−1 measured by the aerodynamic profile method during the first hours after application. At six days, the cumulated volatilization fluxes were estimated by the model to be 19 g ha−1 compared to 17.5 g ha−1 measured by the inverse modeling approach. However, due to the lack of data to estimate processes competing with volatilization for fenpropidin, the volatilization of this compound is still not well modeled yet. Thus the model confirms that processes competing with volatilization represent an important factor affecting pesticide volatilization from plants.
Published: 2014
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