163 results on '"Carneiro LC"'
Search Results
2. Disinfection of Dental Impressions Prior to Handling at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania.
- Author
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Carneiro, LC, primary
- Published
- 2009
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Catalog
3. The role of immunologic response as a cause of endodontic pain and failure of endodontic treatment, a review
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Carneiro, LC, primary
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- 2006
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4. Vertical reaction forces and kinematics of backward walking underwater.
- Author
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Carneiro LC, Michaelsen SM, Roesler H, Haupenthal A, Hubert M, and Mallmann E
- Published
- 2012
5. Dental age estimation in adults using the Lamendin criteria: Validation of a bayesian model in the Brazilian population.
- Author
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Pinto PHV, Fares LC, Sá Dos Santos JB, Garizoain G, Escalante-Flórez K, Parra RC, and Alves da Silva RH
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- Humans, Brazil, Male, Female, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Middle Aged, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult, Aged, Tooth Root anatomy & histology, Gingival Recession, Adolescent, Forensic Dentistry methods, Databases, Factual, Models, Statistical, Bayes Theorem, Age Determination by Teeth methods
- Abstract
Age estimation provides information for biological profile, which is used as an important data during the process of to aid in the identification of bodies of deceased persons. Lamendin et al. proposed a simplified dental age estimation technique for adults based on the analysis of periodontal recession height, root height, and root translucency height. These characteristics were used to build a multi-population database that served in the development of a Bayesian model, known as the Forensic International Dental Database (FIDB). However, before this research, this model did not incorporate dental information from the Brazilian population. The aim of this article was to validate the application of the FIDB Bayesian statistical model for estimating dental age in samples from the Brazilian population and compare it to Lamendin's technique. A cross-sectional study was conducted using 230 dental elements extracted for therapeutic reasons and stored in a biobank. Two independent and calibrated examiners collected the data, considering the randomization of dental samples. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability analysis included the re-evaluation of 20 % (n = 40) of the sample. For statistical analyses, the data were organized in Microsoft© Excel© 365 version 2204 (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) spreadsheets, and R version 4.0.2 (R Foundation, Vienna, Austria) and IBM® SPSS® version 23.0 (SPSS Inc., IBM, Chicago, IL, USA) software were used. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final sample comprised 200 intact dental elements from 84 male and 116 female individuals. According to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the data did not show a normal distribution, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient indicated that intra- and inter-examiner agreements were adequate. Through the Mann-Whitney U test, statistically significant differences between sexes were not observed. In terms of overall accuracy, the Bayesian model and the original Lamendin´s technique showed a mean absolute error of 9.39 years and 9.95, respectively. Regarding bias, it was generally 0.15 years for the Bayesian model and 5.62 years for the original Lamendin´s technique. The Wilcoxon classification test revealed no statistically significant difference between chronological and estimated ages, but only for the Bayesian model. It can be concluded that the developed Bayesian statistical model was able to estimate the age of Brazilian adults satisfactorily, and overall, the error rates were acceptable., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2024
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6. Rhinovirus infection and co-infection in children with severe acute respiratory infection during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
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Regina Malveste Ito C, Santos MO, de Oliveira Cunha M, de Araújo KM, de Souza GRL, Rézio GS, de Brito PN, Rezende APC, Fonseca JG, Wastowski IJ, Gonçalves Vieira JD, Gomes Avelino MA, and Carneiro LC
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Infant, Child, Preschool, Rhinovirus, Pandemics, Coinfection epidemiology, COVID-19 epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology, Viruses, Pneumonia, Enterovirus Infections
- Abstract
Rhinovirus causes respiratory tract infections in children and is found in co-infections. The objective of this research was to study the clinical profile of rhinovirus infection and co-infection in children with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) during the COVID-19 pandemic period. We included 606 children ranging in age from 0.1 to 144 months of age from March 2020 to December 2021, hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The samples were collected by secretion from the nasopharynx region. A total of 259 children were tested positive for viral infection, 153 (59.07%) of them had a single rhinovirus infection and, 56 (36.6%) were aged between 60.1 and 144 months. Nine types of co-infections were identified and were found coinfection with three or more viruses (22/104, 21.15%). Observing the seasonality, the number of cases was similar between 2020 (49.53%) and 2021 (51.47%). Patients with a single infection (86.88%) and coinfection (67.30%) were more likely to have coughed. Patients with co-infection required the use of O2 for longer than those with a single rhinovirus infection. Hemogram results obtained from individuals with a single infection had higher levels of urea when compared to patients with co-infection with and other respiratory viruses. Multiple correspondence analyses indicated different clinical symptoms and comorbidities in patients with co-infection compared to those with single infection. The results found that the rhinovirus was much prevalent virus during the pandemic period and was found in co-infection with other virus types, what is important to diagnostic for the correct treatment of patients. more...
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- 2024
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7. Ophthalmic Artery Doppler as a Predictor of Adverse Neonatal Outcomes in Women With Preeclampsia.
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Monteiro VNP, de Oliveira CA, Gomes Junior SC, do Cima LC, Naves WU, Diniz ALD, Araujo Júnior E, and de Sá RAM
- Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between ophthalmic artery (OA) Doppler indices and adverse neonatal outcomes in women with pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (PE)., Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study involving 110 pregnant women who were diagnosed with PE in the first 24 h of hospitalization was conducted at three hospitals in southeastern Brazil from April 2020 to December 2022. The ophthalmic parameters analyzed were the resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), first peak systolic velocity (PSV1), second peak systolic velocity (PSV2), ratio of PSV2 to PSV1 (PSV ratio or the peak ratio [PR]), and end-diastolic velocity (EDV). The outcome measures were neonatal death (during hospitalization), neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) admission, gestational age at delivery < 32 weeks, birth weight < 1500 g, birth weight < 10th percentile, the presence of comorbidities associated with prematurity, the use of invasive mechanical ventilation, an Apgar score at the 5th minute < 7.0, and signs of neurological impairment., Results: Pregnant women with severe features of PE showed higher values of systolic (152.8 ± 20.7 vs. 136.3 ± 11.9, p = 0.000) and diastolic (98.1 ± 12.8 vs. 88.1 ± 10.8, p = 0.000) blood pressure values and lower gestational age at admission (31.5 ± 3.8 vs. 33.7 ± 4.3, p = 0.009) than PE without severe features. No significant differences were found between the mean values of the OA Doppler indices when comparing the presence or absence of neonatal outcomes in the women with PE., Conclusions: OA Doppler, while valuable for the prediction, diagnosis, and evaluation of adverse maternal outcomes, does not independently predict adverse neonatal outcomes in women with severe features of PE., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.) more...
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- 2024
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8. Clinical and laboratory profile of patients with positive direct antiglobulin test attended at a university hospital in Goias, Brazil.
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Mendes IC, de Assis PCGF, de Almeida RS, de Sousa LRR, Carneiro LC, and Jesuino RSA
- Abstract
Objective: To clinically and laboratory characterize patients with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) treated at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Goiás (HC-UFG)., Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out collecting data from medical records of patients with a positive DAT who were treated at HC-UFG between August 2021 and August 2022., Results: Eighty-four patients with positive polyspecific DAT results were screened in the clinical laboratory. Fifty-four patients had a laboratory profile compatible with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), however, among these, 16 patients already had a diagnosis of AIHA in their medical records. The most common symptoms present among AIHA patients were pallor, asthenia, fatigue and dyspnea. For the remaining patients, the most common symptoms were severe thrombocytopenia, anemia, renal dysfunction, fever, myalgia, headache, thrombosis, asthenia, hematuria and joint pain. Only one patient had primary AIHA, that is, he had no evident underlying disease. The majority of AIHA patients (75 %) underwent corticosteroid therapy with 60 % having a positive response. For patients without AIHA, prednisone was the most frequently prescribed medication in 17 (25 %) patients, followed by hydroxychloroquine (14 patients - 20.1 %)., Conclusion: It is essential to evaluate patients with positive DAT in detail in order to understand the real clinical case. The DAT serological result alone does not arrive at a conclusive diagnosis of AIHA, and so it must be evaluated in conjunction with both clinical data and other laboratory tests, such as hemoglobin concentration and hemolysis tests (reticulocytes, lactate dehydrogenase and/or haptoglobin)., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Associação Brasileira de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2024
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9. Carbon savings from sugarcane straw-derived bioenergy: Insights from a life cycle perspective including soil carbon changes.
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Bordonal RO, Tenelli S, da Silva Oliveira DM, Chagas MF, Cherubin MR, Weiler DA, Campbell E, Gonzaga LC, Barbosa LC, Cerri CEP, and Carvalho JLN
- Abstract
Sugarcane straw removal for bioenergy production will increase substantially in the next years, but this may deplete soil organic carbon (SOC) and exacerbate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These aspects are not consistently approached in bioenergy life cycle assessment (LCA). Using SOC modeling and LCA approach, this study addressed the life cycle GHG balance from sugarcane agroindustry in different scenarios of straw removal, considering the potential SOC changes associated with straw management in sugarcane-cultivated soils in Brazil. Long-term simulations showed SOC losses of up to -0.5 Mg ha
-1 yr-1 upon complete straw removal, whereas the moderate removal had little effects on SOC and the maintenance of all straw in the field increased SOC accumulation by up to 0.4 Mg ha-1 yr-1 . Our analysis suggests that accounting for SOC changes in LCA calculations could lower the net GHG benefits of straw-derived bioenergy, whose emissions intensity varied according to soil type. Overall, SOC depletion induced by complete straw removal increased the life cycle GHG emissions of straw-derived bioenergy by 26 % (3.9 g CO2 eq MJ-1 ) compared to a scenario without taking SOC changes into account. Straw removal for cellulosic ethanol could be effective for mitigating GHG emissions relative to gasoline, but it was not advantageous for bioelectricity generation depending on the energy sources that are displaced. Therefore, straw-induced change of SOC stocks is a critical factor to model life cycle GHG emissions of straw-derived bioenergy., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...- Published
- 2024
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10. Development of HepatIA: A computed tomography annotation platform and database for artificial intelligence training in hepatocellular carcinoma detection at a Brazilian tertiary teaching hospital.
- Author
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Rocha BA, Ferreira LC, Vianna LGR, Ciconelle ACM, Cortez Filho JM, Nogueira LSL, Silva Filho MRMD, Leite CDC, Nomura CH, Cerri GG, Carrilho FJ, and Ono SK
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Brazil, Aged, Adult, Algorithms, Liver Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Artificial Intelligence, Tertiary Care Centers, Databases, Factual, Hospitals, Teaching
- Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent tumor with high mortality rates. Computed tomography (CT) is crucial in the non-invasive diagnosis of HCC. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have shown significant potential in medical imaging analysis. However, developing these AI algorithms is hindered by the scarcity of comprehensive, publicly available liver imaging datasets., Objectives: This study aims to detail the tools, data organization, and database structuring used in creating HepatIA, a medical imaging annotation platform and database at a Brazilian tertiary teaching hospital. HepatIA supports liver disease AI research at the institution., Material and Methods: The authors collected baseline characteristics and CT scans of 656 patients from 2008 to 2021. The database, designed using PostgreSQL and implemented with Django and Vue.js, includes 692 CT volumes from a four-phase abdominal CT protocol. Radiologists made segmentation annotations using the OHIF medical image viewer, incorporating MONAI Label for pre-annotation segmentation models. The annotation process included detailed descriptions of liver morphology and nodule characteristics., Results: The HepatIA database currently includes healthy individuals and those with liver diseases such as HCC and cirrhosis. The database dashboard facilitates user interaction with intuitive plots and histograms. Key patient demographics include 64% males and an average age of 56.89 years. The database supports various filters for detailed searches, enhancing research capabilities., Conclusion: A comprehensive data structure was successfully created and integrated with the IT systems of a teaching hospital, enabling research on deep learning algorithms applied to abdominal CT scans for investigating hepatic lesions such as HCC., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors B.A.R., L.G.R.V., and A.C.M.C. are co-founders of Machiron SA. FMUSP, HCFMUSP, and Machiron SA. have established a collaborative partnership, with the terms of this arrangement having been reviewed and approved by the University of São Paulo in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies. Meanwhile, L.C.F., J.M.C.F., L.S.L.N., M.R.M.S.F., C.C.L., C.H.N., G.G.C., F.J.C., and S.K.O. have declared no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 HCFMUSP. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2024
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11. Evaluation of infliximab-induced genotoxicity and possible action on BCL-2 and P53 genes.
- Author
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de Sousa Pinto M, Fontoura LGO, da Rosa Borges I, Vieira de Melo Bisneto A, Rosa de Oliveira G, Carneiro LC, Chen Chen L, and Vieira de Moraes Filho A
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- Animals, Mice, DNA Damage drug effects, Comet Assay, Micronucleus Tests, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 genetics, Male, Genes, p53 drug effects, Genes, bcl-2 drug effects, Infliximab, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 genetics
- Abstract
Although the last pandemic created an urgency for development of vaccines, there was a continuous and concerted effort to search for therapeutic medications among existing drugs with different indications. One of the medications of interest that underwent this change was infliximab (IFM). This drug is used as an anti-inflammatory, predominantly in patients with Crohn 's disease, colitis ulcerative, and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition to these patients, individuals infected with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) were administered this chimeric monoclonal antibody (IMF) to act as an immunomodulator for patients in the absence of comprehensive research. Consequently, the present study aimed to examine the genotoxic effects attributed to IFM treatment employing different assays in vivo using mouse Mus musculus . Therefore, IFM was found to induce genotoxic effects as evidenced by the comet assay but did not demonstrate genotoxic potential utilizing mouse bone marrow MN test. The results of evaluating the expression of the P53 and BCL-2 genes using RT-qPCR showed stimulation of expression of these genes at 24 hr followed by a decline at 48 hr. Although the comet assay provided positive results, it is noteworthy that based upon negative findings in the micronucleus test, the data did not demonstrate significant changes in the genetic material that might affect the therapeutic use of IFM. The stimulation of expression of P53 and BCL-2 genes at 24 hr followed by a decline at 48 hr suggest a transient, if any, effect on genetic material. However, there is still a need for more research to more comprehensively understand the genotoxic profile of this medication. more...
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- 2024
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12. Short Communication: Rotavirus Group A Occurrence in Rural Water Source Samples in a Midwest Region State of Brazil, Comparing Wet and Dry Seasons.
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Picciola Bordoni G, Candido Gonçalves Barbosa L, Santos Lima F, de Oliveira Santos M, Gonçalves Vieira JD, Reis Oliveira T, Scalize PS, and Carneiro LC
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- Brazil epidemiology, Water Microbiology, Rotavirus Infections epidemiology, Rotavirus Infections virology, Rain, Drinking Water virology, Humans, Rotavirus isolation & purification, Rotavirus genetics, Seasons, Rural Population
- Abstract
Identified as a potential reference pathogen by the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, Rotavirus (RV) is among the main enteric viruses that cause waterborne diseases. The aim of this study was to identify and correlate the presence of RV in collective and individual water sources of rural communities in the state of Goiás, within the seasons in which the collections were made (rainy and dry seasons). For this, 86 water samples in the dry period and 160 samples in the rainy period were collected. Concentration of water samples, extraction of viral genetic material and molecular tests were performed. When analyzing the presence of RV in the samples, taking into consideration the period studied, RV was found to be more prevalent in the dry season (54.7%) than in the rainy season (20%), showing a strong statistical association with the dry season ( p -value < 0.001). The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in water is a public risk issue, enabling the emergence of outbreaks, endemics and epidemics. In the present research, there was an association between the presence of Rotavirus and the dry period of the year when compared to the rainy period. more...
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- 2024
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13. Characterization of the fragmentation mechanisms in electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry of chloroquinoline derivatives with larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti.
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da Silva RM, Barbieri JG, Murie VE, Silvério MRS, Soldi RA, Albernaz LC, Espindola LS, Vieira PC, Clososki GC, Vessecchi R, and Lopes NP
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- Animals, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods, Larva, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization methods, Aedes
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Rationale: 4,7-Dichloroquinoline (DCQ) represents a group of synthetic molecules inspired by natural products with important roles in biological and biomedical areas. This work aimed to characterize DCQ and its derivatives by high-resolution electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS), supported by theoretical calculations. Biological assays were carried out with DCQ and its derivatives to determine LC
50 values against Aedes aegypti larvae., Methods: Five DCQ derivatives were synthesized by using previously described protocols. ESI-MS/MS analyses were carried out with a quadrupole/time-of-flight and ion-trap instrument. The proposed gas-phase protonation sites and fragmentation were supported by density functional theory calculations. The larvicidal tests were performed with the Ae. aegypti Rockefeller strain, and the LC50 values were determined by employing five test concentrations. Larval mortality was determined after treatment for 48 h., Results: DCQ bromides or aldehydes (C-3 or C-8 positions), as well as the trimethylsilyl derivative (C-3 position), were prepared. Detailed ESI-MS/MS data revealed heteroatom elimination through an exception to the even-electron rule, to originate open-shell species. Computational studies were used to define the protonation sites and fragmentation pathways. High activity of DCQ and its derivatives against Ae. aegypti larvae was demonstrated., Conclusion: Our results provided a well-founded characterization of the fragmentation reactions of DCQ and its derivatives, which can be useful for complementary studies of the development of a larvicidal product against Ae. aegypti., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.) more...- Published
- 2024
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14. BLADDER TRANSPLANTATION: THE NEW FRONTIER IN ABDOMINAL ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION.
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Piovesan AC, Andraus W, Pellanda AB, David Neto E, D Albuquerque LC, and Nahas WC
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- Humans, Kidney Transplantation, Organ Transplantation, Urinary Bladder surgery
- Abstract
Lower urinary tract abnormalities are directly implicated in the etiology of renal dysfunction in 6 to 24% of dialytic patients. These patients require bladder capacity and compliance readjustment before being considered viable candidates for renal transplantation. Vesical augmentation surgeries often involve the use of intestinal segments. Although these procedures can effectively restore bladder capacity and compliance, they present various issues related to maintaining mucous absorption and secretion capacity. Acidosis, recurrent urinary tract infections, and stone formation are extremely common, leading to frequent hospitalizations and graft function loss. Urinary tissue is certainly ideal for these reconstructions; however, bladder augmentation using ureter and renal pelvis are feasible only in a minority of cases. Experimental studies have been conducted to establish the groundwork for vascularized bladder transplantation. Last year, for the first time, this procedure was performed on a brain-dead patient. During this intervention, cystectomy was performed with preservation the vascular pedicle, followed by organ reimplantation. The graft remained viable for a period of 12 hours post-transplant. However, this intervention utilized a robotic platform, making it less reproducible in a multi-organ procurement setting as well as for most transplant centers. Moreover, it is debatable whether the benefits of exclusive bladder transplantation outweigh the risks associated with immunosuppression. For patients needing renal transplantation and requiring lower urinary tract reconstruction, however, utilizing the donor's bladder may offer an attractive alternative, avoiding the inherent complications of enterocystoplasty without increasing immunological risk. Combined kidney and bladder transplantation has the potential to emerge as the next frontier in abdominal organ transplants. more...
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- 2024
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15. Co-Infection of SARS-CoV-2 and Klebsiella pneumoniae : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
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Chagas ALD, Araújo JCDS, Serra JCP, Araújo KM, Cunha MO, Correia ADR, Gonçalves LMB, and Carneiro LC
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The study aimed to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 and Klebsiella spp. coinfection across continents. Conducted following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review utilized PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases, searching for literature in English published from December 2019 to December 2022, using specific Health Sciences descriptors. A total of 408 records were identified, but only 50 were eligible, and of these, only 33 were included. Thirty-three references were analyzed to evaluate the correlation between COVID-19 and Klebsiella spp. infections. The tabulated data represented a sample group of 8741 coinfected patients. The findings revealed notable disparities in co-infection rates across continents. In Asia, 23% of individuals were infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae , while in Europe, the proportion of co-infected patients stood at 15%. Strikingly, on the African continent, 43% were found to be infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae , highlighting significant regional variations. Overall, the proportion of Klebsiella pneumoniae co-infections among COVID-positive individuals were determined to be 19%. Particularly concerning was the observation that 1 in 6 ICU coinfections was attributed to Klebsiella pneumoniae , indicating its substantial impact on patient outcomes and healthcare burden. The study underscores the alarming prevalence of co-infection between COVID-19 and Klebsiella pneumoniae , potentially exacerbating the clinical severity of patients and posing challenges to treatment strategies. These findings emphasize the importance of vigilant surveillance and targeted interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of bacterial coinfections in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. more...
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- 2024
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16. Experiences of family members of cancer patients in palliative care: a qualitative systematic review protocol.
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Maia FOM, Guimarães LC, Misko MD, de Souza TR, and Fonseca MRA
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- Humans, Family psychology, Qualitative Research, Systematic Reviews as Topic, Neoplasms psychology, Neoplasms therapy, Palliative Care psychology
- Abstract
Objective: The objective of this review is to synthesize the experiences of family members of cancer patients in palliative care., Introduction: Increasingly, palliative care is the approach advocated when a life-threatening illness has been diagnosed. Cancer patients and their families, when receiving early identification, correct assessment, and treatment of pain and other problems through palliative care, report feeling supported in their illness experience. The patients and their families also describe immediate and personalized symptom management, holistic support, decision-making guidance, and preparation for the future, including the dying process and stages of grief. A growing number of studies address palliative care patients and, in particular, the central role of family in this approach. This review will synthesize qualitative research on this subject, providing recommendations to health professionals to help them better understand the experiences and needs of family members of cancer patients receiving palliative care., Inclusion Criteria: The review will consider studies examining experiences of families of cancer patients in palliative care, in all types of settings and contexts. The studies will focus on qualitative data, including, but not limited to, designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research, qualitative descriptive, and mixed methods studies., Methods: The review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. The search strategy will aim to locate both published and unpublished studies, in any language, with no date restrictions. Methodological quality will be evaluated using the standard JBI critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research. The findings will be pooled using the meta-aggregation approach or will be presented in narrative format. The final synthesized findings will be graded according to the ConQual approach., Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42022333937., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 JBI.) more...
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- 2024
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17. What do we know about plastic pollution in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems?
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Ferreira LC and Souza Azevedo J
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- Animals, Humans, Brazil, Ecosystem, Plastics analysis, Fishes, Aquatic Organisms, Environmental Monitoring, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
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Due to the increasing use and inadequate disposal of plastic by humans, aquatic environments have become receptacles for pollutants such as plastic. This study aimed to perform an analysis of plastic particles pollution in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems with special attention to inland aquatic environments and fish in order to identify information gaps in this field. Manuscripts published in the last 21 years and indexed in the Web of Science database were consulted. A total of 185 met the proposed inclusion criteria, such as having empirical data, being conducted in Brazil, and dealing with plastic pollution. In general, the number of studies increases over the years, and this increasing number of publications is accompanied by declared financial support; the Southeast and Northeast regions are the regions that publish the most on the topic, with São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Pernambuco being the main states; the main focus of the studies is the detection of plastic particles mainly in biota (51%) and sediment (34%), and the most frequent ecosystem is the marine (89%); regarding the taxa, the majority is about plastic detection in fish (75%). Only 18% of the papers studying fishes consider their bio-ecological data, and only 17% of the manuscripts carried out the chemical characterization of the particles. However, 99% of the papers considered the shape of the plastic particle. We emphasize the need for more research and grants for studies with Brazilian inland aquatic ecosystems on the effects of plastic particle pollution on freshwater fish. Regional and national research funding agencies are very important to encourage an increase in the number of grants and specific calls for studies on plastic pollution and its impact on freshwater biota, considering the different macro-regions in Brazil, especially in the northern region., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.) more...
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- 2024
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18. Prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency and deep vein thrombosis in cirrhotic patients.
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da Cruz Renó L, Tustumi F, Waisberg DR, Santos VR, Pinheiro RS, Macedo RA, Nacif LS, Ducatti L, De Martino RB, Trevisan AM, D'Albuquerque LC, and Andraus W
- Abstract
Summary: People with cirrhosis of the liver are at risk for complications that can worsen their quality of life and increase morbidity and mortality. Contrary to previous beliefs, cirrhosis does not protect against the development of thromboembolic events, and cirrhotic patients may have higher rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)., Background and Aims: The study of chronic venous disease and its impact on patients with cirrhosis is unknown in the literature and may be an important fact since this condition also had impact on quality of life and morbidity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of DVT (Deep Venous thrombosis) in outpatients with cirrhosis and the degree of chronic venous insufficiency, evaluating possible correlations between clinical and laboratory aspects of cirrhotic patients with these pathologies., Methods: Patients with cirrhosis were evaluated in the outpatient clinic of the Liver Transplantation and Hepatology Service of HC-FMUSP from November 2018 to November 2022, with clinical evaluation, venous disease questionnaires, data collection of imaging and laboratory tests, and venous color Doppler ultrasound. The information was analyzed by the University of São Paulo (USP) Statistics Department., Results: There was a prevalence of 7.6% of DVT in studied patients, VCSS score 6.73 and severe CEAP classification (C4-6) 32.1%. There was no association of DVT with qualitative variables by the Fisher test such as Child Turcotte Pugh Scale (CTP) ( p = 0.890), dichotomized INR values ( p = 0.804), etiology of cirrhosis ( p = 0.650) and chronic kidney disease ( p > 0.999), nor with quantitative variables by t-student's such as age ( p = 0.974), Body Mass Index (BMI) ( p = 0.997), MELD score ( p = 0.555), Albumin ( p = 0.150) and Platelets ( p = 0.403). We found that as the severity of ascites increases, there is an increase in the proportion of patients classified in the category indicating more severe clinical manifestations of chronic venous disease (C4 to C6). The mean age (54 years) was higher in patients with DVT than in those without. The mean BMI of patients without DVT (25.7 kg/m
2 ) is lower than that of patients with DVT (27.0 kg/m2 ). The prevalence of DVT is higher in patients with thrombophilia (20.0%) than in those without (7.0%). This suggests an association between the two variables. The descriptive measures of the MELD score, the cirrhosis scale used for liver transplant waiting lists, did not indicate an association of this scale with the occurrence of DVT., Conclusion: The incidence of VTE (Venous Thromboembolic Events) and CVD (Chronic Venous Disease) within the sample surpassed that of the general population; nevertheless, more studies are required to validate these results. Concerning venous thromboembolism, no correlation was observed between the variables within the sample and the augmented risk of VTE. Regarding chronic venous disease, studies have shown that edema and orthostatism are correlated with increased severity of CVD on the VCSS scales. Statistical dispersion methods suggest that patients with higher BMI and more severe liver disease (according to the Child-Pugh score) are more likely to experience worsening of CVD. About chronic venous disease, studies have shown that edema and orthostatism are correlated with increased severity of CVD on the VCSS scales., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 da Cruz Renó, Tustumi, Waisberg, Santos, Pinheiro, Macedo, Nacif, Ducatti, De Martino, Trevisan, D’Albuquerque and Andraus.) more...- Published
- 2023
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19. Identification of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol production in the genus Chromobacterium.
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Johnson ET, Bowman MJ, Gomes RP, Carneiro LC, and Dunlap CA
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- Phylogeny, Brazil, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Chromobacterium genetics, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
The compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is primarily produced by Pseudomonas spp. DAPG plays an important role in the biocontrol disease suppressing activity of Pseudomonas spp. In the current study, we report the discovery of the DAPG biosynthetic cluster in strains of Chromobacterium vaccinii isolated from Brazilian aquatic environments and the distribution of the biosynthetic cluster in the Chromobacterium genus. Phylogenetic analysis of the phlD protein suggests the biosynthetic cluster probably entered the genus of Chromobacterium after a horizontal gene transfer event with a member of the Pseudomonas fluorescens group. We were able to detect trace amounts of DAPG in wild type cultures and confirm the function of the cluster with heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. In addition, we identified and verified the presence of other secondary metabolites in these strains. We also confirmed the ability of C. vaccinii strains to produce bioactive pigment violacein and bioactive cyclic depsipeptide FR900359. Both compounds have been reported to have antimicrobial and insecticidal activities. These compounds suggest strains of C. vaccinii should be further explored for their potential as biocontrol agents., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.) more...
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- 2023
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20. Poor cardiorespiratory fitness may be an indicator of more severe liver inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients.
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Pena LC, Couto CA, Correa BHM, Ferrua LFQ, Cançado GGL, Faria LC, Mancuzo EV, and Ferrari TCA
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- Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Inflammation, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease complications, Cardiorespiratory Fitness
- Abstract
Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to cardiovascular disease. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important indicator of cardiovascular health. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the CRF of NAFLD patients., Methods: Cross-sectional study, including 32 patients with biopsy-proved NAFLD. The patients underwent ergometric test (ET) and six-minute walk test (6MWT) to determine CRF. The test results were compared to disease parameters and with each other., Results: Considering the ET, 20 (62.5%) patients had very poor or poor CRF, and in 12 (37.5%), it was regular or good. In the 6MWT, 13 (40.6%) individuals had poor CRF, in 12 (37.5%), it was very poor, and in seven (21.9%), regular. NAFLD activity score (NAS) ≥5 was observed in 12 (37.5%) individuals. Twelve (37.5%) patients were sedentary, 11 (34.4%), insufficiently active, and nine (28.1%), active. Obesity and liver inflammation on biopsy were associated with very poor/poor CRF. NAS ≥5 and sedentary lifestyle were independently associated with very poor/poor CRF by ET. Although mean VO2max values determined by both tests were similar, no correlation of VO2max determined by ET and 6MWT was observed, as occurred for the distance walked in 6MWT and values of metabolic equivalent (MET) determined by ET. There was no reproducibility between CRF determined by ET and 6MWT., Conclusion: Most NAFLD patients had very poor or poor CRF. Severe liver injury (NAS ≥5) and sedentary lifestyle were independently associated with very poor/poor fitness, according to ET. No reproducibility was observed between the CRF defined by ET and 6MWT., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declared they do not have anything to disclose regarding conflict of interest with respect to this manuscript., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2023
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21. Profile analysis of emerging respiratory virus in children.
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Moreira ALE, da Silva PAN, Assunção LDP, Santos MO, Ito CRM, de Araújo KM, Cunha MO, Rabelo VDC, de Souza PP, Maia SBS, Peixoto FAO, Wastowski IJ, Carneiro LC, and Avelino MAG
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Male, Female, Infant, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, Rhinovirus, COVID-19 epidemiology, Viruses, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology, Paramyxoviridae Infections epidemiology, Metapneumovirus
- Abstract
Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are caused by a variety of microorganisms. Of all ARIs, 80% are caused by viruses such as human respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, and, more recently, Sars-CoV-2, which has been responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of our study was to evaluate clinical data from a viral panel performed in children hospitalized with SARS or COVID-19 in the infirmary or ICU of 5 pediatric hospitals in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected for analysis, and data on the outcomes underwent statistical treatment. A total of 128 patients were selected for the study, 54% of whom were male and 46% female. The viral panel included rhinovirus, COVID-19, metapneumovirus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza. Descriptive analyses of age profile showed differences in the involvement of particular viruses. The percentage of patients who required hospitalization in the ICU, infirmary, as well as individuals who were discharged after therapy or who died, were described. Our work shows that epidemiological surveillance measures are indispensable, especially if used in the continued analysis of viral panels in all pediatric patients with SARS., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.) more...
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- 2023
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22. Viral Coinfection of Children Hospitalized with Severe Acute Respiratory Infections during COVID-19 Pandemic.
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Malveste Ito CR, Moreira ALE, Silva PAND, Santos MO, Santos APD, Rézio GS, Brito PN, Rezende APC, Fonseca JG, Peixoto FAO, Wastowski IJ, Goes VM, Estrela MC, Souza PZ, Carneiro LC, and Avelino MAG
- Abstract
The main pathogens of severe respiratory infection in children are respiratory viruses, and the current molecular technology allows for a rapid and simultaneous detection of a wide spectrum of these viral pathogens, facilitating the diagnosis and evaluation of viral coinfection., Methods: This study was conducted between March 2020 and December 2021. All children admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of SARI and who were tested by polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 and other common respiratory viral pathogens were included in the study., Results: The result of the viral panel identified 446 children, with one infected with a single virus and 160 co-infected with two or more viruses. This study employed descriptive analyses, where a total of twenty-two coinfections among SARI-causing viruses were identified. Thus, the five most frequent coinfections that were selected for the study are: hRV/SARS-CoV-2 (17.91%), hRV/RSV (14.18%), RSV/SARS-CoV-2 (12.69%), hRV/BoV (10.45%), and hRV/AdV (8.21%). The most significant age group was 38.1%, representing patients aged between 24 and 59 months (61 individuals). Patients older than 59 months represented a total of 27.5%, comprising forty-four patients. The use of oxygen therapy was statistically significant in coinfections with Bocavirus, other CoVs, Metapneumovirus, and RSV. Coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 and the other different coinfections presented a similar time of use of oxygen therapy with a value of ( p > 0.05). In the year 2020, hRV/BoV was more frequent in relation to other types of coinfections, representing a total of 35.1%. The year 2021 presented a divergent profile, with hRV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection being the most frequent (30.8%), followed by hRV/RSV (28.2%). Additionally, 25.6% and 15.4% represented coinfections between RSV/SARS-CoV-2 and hRV/AdV, respectively. We saw that two of the patients coinfected with hRV/SARS-CoV-2 died, representing 9.52% of all deaths in the study. In addition, both hRV/hBoV and hRV/RSV had death records for each case, representing 8.33% and 6.67% of all deaths, respectively., Conclusion: Coinfections with respiratory viruses, such as RSV and hBoV, can increase the severity of the disease in children with SARI who are admitted to the ICU, and children infected with SARS-CoV-2 have their clinical condition worsened when they have comorbidities. more...
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- 2023
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23. Role of paraoxonase 1 activity and PON1 gene polymorphisms in sickle cell disease.
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Menezes JF, Carvalho MOS, Rocha LC, Dos Santos FM, Adorno EV, de Souza CC, Santiago RP, da Guarda CC, de Oliveira RM, Figueiredo CVB, Carvalho SP, Yahouédéhou SCMA, Fiuza LM, Adanho CSA, Pitanga TN, Lyra IM, Nascimento VML, Noronha-Dutra AA, and Goncalves MS more...
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- Humans, Aryldialkylphosphatase, Polymorphism, Genetic, Genotype, Stroke genetics, Anemia, Sickle Cell genetics
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Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients often exhibit a dyslipidemic sub-phenotype. Paraoxonase 1 (PON 1) is a serum glycoprotein associated with the high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C), and variability in PON1 activity depends on the PON1 genotypes. We investigated the influence of PON1c.192Q > R and PON1c.55L > M polymorphisms on PON1 activity and laboratory parameters and the association between PON1 activity and clinical manifestations in SCD patients. We recruited 350 individuals, including 154 SCD patients and 196 healthy volunteers, which comprised the control group. Laboratory parameters and molecular analyses were investigated from the participants' blood samples. We have found increased PON1 activity in SCD individuals compared to the control group. In addition, carriers of the variant genotype of each polymorphism presented lower PON1 activity. SCD individuals carrying the variant genotype of PON1c.55L > M polymorphism had lower platelet and reticulocyte counts, C-reactive protein, and aspartate aminotransferase levels; in addition to higher creatinine levels. SCD individuals carrying the variant genotype of PON1c.192Q > R polymorphism had lower triglyceride, VLDL-c, and indirect bilirubin levels. Furthermore, we observed an association between PON1 activity history of stroke and splenectomy. The present study confirmed the association between PON1c.192Q > R and PON1c.55L > M polymorphisms and PON1 activity, in addition to demonstrate their effects on markers of dislipidemia, hemolysis and inflammation, in SCD individuals. Moreover, data suggest PON1 activity as a potential biomarker related to stroke and splenectomy., (© 2023. The Author(s).) more...
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- 2023
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24. Characterization of T Helper 1 and 2 Cytokine Profiles in Newborns of Mothers with COVID-19.
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Moreira ALE, Silva PAND, Gomes RS, Santos MO, Ito CRM, Barbosa LCG, Souza PP, Peixoto FAO, Wastowski IJ, Carneiro LC, and Avelino MAG
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An infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 greatly affects the pediatric population and is 3 times more prevalent in newborns than in the general population. In newborns, the overexpression of immunological molecules may also induce a so-called cytokine storm. In our study, we evaluated the expression of cytokines in newborns admitted to a neonatal ICU whose mothers had SARS-CoV-2 and symptoms of SARS. The blood of newborns of infected and healthy mothers was collected to identify their Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles, and via flow cytometry, the cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 were identified. Overexpression was observed in the Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles of newborns from infected mothers compared with the control group. Statistical analysis also revealed significant differences between the cellular and humoral responses of the infected group versus the control group. The cellular versus humoral responses of the newborns of infected mothers were also compared, which revealed the prevalence of the cellular immune response. These data demonstrate that some cytokines identified relate to more severe symptoms and even some comorbidities. IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 may especially be related to cytokine storms in neonates of mothers with COVID-19. more...
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- 2023
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25. Detection of Oxacillin/Cefoxitin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Present in Recurrent Tonsillitis.
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Messias ACMC, Gama AR, de Almeida Prado LS, da Silva PAN, Galvão Filho AR, Coelho CJ, Avelino MAG, Vieira JDG, and Carneiro LC
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Background: Recurrent tonsillitis is one of the most common diseases in childhood, caused many times by ß-lactam-resistant S. aureus . The objective of this study was to investigate an alternative method to identify resistance to oxacillin/cefoxitin in S. aureus from hospitalized children with recurrent tonsillitis., Methods: The samples of S. aureus came from patients with recurrent tonsillitis and were used in 16S rRNA sequencing and an antibiogram test for identification and verifying resistance, after which HSI methodology were applied for separation of S. aureus resistances., Results: The S. aureus isolated showed sensitivity to oxacillin/cefoxitin and the diagnostic images show a visual description of the resistance different groups formed, that may be related to sensitivity and resistance to oxacillin/cefoxitin, characterizing the MRSA S. aureus ., Conclusions: Samples that showed phenotypic resistance to oxacillin/cefoxitin were clearly separated from samples that did not show this resistance. A PLS-DA model predicted the presence of resistance to oxacillin/cefoxitin in S. aureus samples and it was possible to observe the pixels classified as MRSA. The HSI was able to successfully discriminate samples in replicas that were sensitive and resistant, based on the calibration model it received. more...
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- 2023
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26. Edible Plant Extracts against Aedes aegypti and Validation of a Piper nigrum L. Ethanolic Extract as a Natural Insecticide.
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Morais LS, Sousa JPB, Aguiar CM, Gomes CM, Demarque DP, Albernaz LC, and Espindola LS
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- Animals, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Mosquito Vectors, Larva, Plant Leaves, Insecticides pharmacology, Piper nigrum, Aedes
- Abstract
The Aedes aegypti mosquito significantly impacts public health, with vector control remaining the most efficient means of reducing the number of arboviral disease cases. This study screened the larvicidal and pupicidal activity of common edible plant extracts. Piper nigrum L. (black pepper) extract production was optimized using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and validated following regulatory requirements using HPLC-PDA analytical methodology to quantify its major component-piperine. Larvicidal activity was determined for the standardized P. nigrum fruit ethanol extract (LC
50 1.1 µg/mL) and piperine standard (LC50 19.0 µg/mL). Furthermore, 9-day residual activity was determined for the extract (4 µg/mL) and piperine (60 µg/mL), with daily piperine quantification. Semi-field trials of solid extract formulations demonstrated 24-day activity against Ae. aegypti larvae. Thus, the standardized P. nigrum extract emerges as a potential candidate for insecticide development to control the arboviral vector. more...- Published
- 2023
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27. Dental age estimation by cementum incremental lines counting: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Pinto PHV, Fares LC, and Silva RHAD
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- Bias, Linear Models, Reproducibility of Results, Dental Cementum
- Abstract
The estimation of dental age by cementum incremental lines (CIL) is a widely investigated method; however, its reliability remains uncertain. The aim of this article was to assess whether CIL are a reliable biological indicator for estimating dental age. A search was performed in Embase, LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases using a combination of terms related to the topic. Two independent reviewers used inclusion and exclusion criteria so that relevant articles were selected and evaluated. For the risk of bias analysis, a checklist from The Joanna Briggs Institute was applied. For the meta-analysis, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient between chronological age and estimated age was considered as an effect measure. The heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the Cochran's Q statistical test (p < 0.05), and the publication bias using the asymmetry of the Funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test (p < 0.05). Most selected articles had low risk of bias. Although not all studies were included in the meta-analysis, it demonstrated the presence of high heterogeneity among them. Despite this, the synthesized result indicated that the age estimated by CIL count has a high correlation with chronological age. Furthermore, the graphical analysis suggested the absence of publication bias, which was confirmed by the Egger's linear regression test. Therefore, there is scientific evidence that CIL are reliable in estimating dental age, but the method requires a standardized protocol to be followed, as well as the rigorous choice of the root area to be analyzed., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2022
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28. Influenza and other respiratory viruses in children: prevalence and clinical features.
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Silva PAN, Ito CRM, Moreira ALE, Santos MO, Barbosa LCG, Wastowski IJ, Carneiro LC, and Avelino MAG
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- Child, Humans, Female, Prevalence, Pandemics, Rhinovirus genetics, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype genetics, COVID-19, Viruses genetics, Respiratory Tract Infections
- Abstract
With the COVID-19 pandemic still ongoing, the annual season of influenza and other respiratory virus epidemics has arrived. Specimens from patients suspected of respiratory viruses infection were collected. Viral detection was performed following RNA extraction and real-time RT-PCR. During the study period, we received and tested a total of 606 specimens. Rhinovirus virus was the viral type most prevalent, detected in 186 (45.47%) specimens. The age range of patients positive for influenza A, influenza A (H1N1), and influenza B was 18 days to 13 years. With female prevalence for this viral type, cough and asthma were the main clinical manifestations presented by this viral type. Our results indicate that rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, metapneumoviruses, and influenza are among the most important agents of ARI in pediatrics. The epidemic period of respiratory infections observed in Goiânia can be useful for planning and implementing some prevention strategies., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.) more...
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- 2022
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29. Contrast phase recognition in liver computer tomography using deep learning.
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Rocha BA, Ferreira LC, Vianna LGR, Ferreira LGG, Ciconelle ACM, Da Silva Noronha A, Cortez Filho JM, Nogueira LSL, Leite JMRS, da Silva Filho MRM, da Costa Leite C, de Maria Felix M, Gutierrez MA, Nomura CH, Cerri GG, Carrilho FJ, and Ono SK more...
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- Humans, Brazil, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Computers, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular diagnostic imaging, Deep Learning, Liver Neoplasms diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the 4th leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with high social, economical and health implications. Imaging techniques such as multiphase computed tomography (CT) have been successfully used for diagnosis of liver tumors such as HCC in a feasible and accurate way and its interpretation relies mainly on comparing the appearance of the lesions in the different contrast phases of the exam. Recently, some researchers have been dedicated to the development of tools based on machine learning (ML) algorithms, especially by deep learning techniques, to improve the diagnosis of liver lesions in imaging exams. However, the lack of standardization in the naming of the CT contrast phases in the DICOM metadata is a problem for real-life deployment of machine learning tools. Therefore, it is important to correctly identify the exam phase based only on the image and not on the exam metadata, which is unreliable. Motivated by this problem, we successfully created an annotation platform and implemented a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically identify the CT scan phases in the HCFMUSP database in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. We improved this algorithm with hyperparameter tuning and evaluated it with cross validation methods. Comparing its predictions with the radiologists annotation, it achieved an accuracy of 94.6%, 98% and 100% in the testing dataset for the slice, volume and exam evaluation, respectively., (© 2022. The Author(s).) more...
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- 2022
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30. Severe Neurological Manifestation in a Child with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.
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Santos MO, Ribeiro DC, Rocha JS, Maia SBS, Moreira ALE, Silva PAN, Ito CRM, Carneiro LC, and Avelino MAG
- Abstract
Background and Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, we followed with concern the evolution of several children diagnosed with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). The purpose of this study is to describe the evolution of MIS-C in a previously healthy 3-year-old girl., Methods: We tracked the daily medical report of all children admitted with suspected MIS-C to the five largest regional hospitals., Results: Our screening identified a child who had several neurological complications associated with MIS-C. We report hematological alterations, transient cardiac dysfunction, and cerebral involvements such as laminar cortical necrosis caused by ischemic stroke. We present the course of treatment and clinical outcome, and other complications such as a severe subglottic stenosis occurring after extubation., Conclusion: Subglottic stenosis is an expected complication after prolonged intubation, and the presence of dysphonia and/or stridor is an important predictive factor. MIS-C with severe neurological alteration may occur in a healthy child, and early diagnosis and treatment with a pulse of corticoid with immunoglobulin are essential for a favorable outcome. more...
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- 2022
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31. Draft Genome Sequences of Chromobacterium Strains Isolated from Water Systems in Central Western Brazil.
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Gomes RP, Kikuda R, Vieira JDG, Pires DJ, Dunlap C, and Carneiro LC
- Abstract
We report the draft genome sequences of four Chromobacterium strains. This report includes the draft genome sequences of four environmental strains, isolated from surface waters in Brazil.
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- 2022
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32. Th22 cytokines and yellow fever: Possible implications for the immunopathogenesis of human liver infection.
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Mendes CCH, de Sousa JR, Olímpio FA, Falcão LFM, Carvalho MLG, da Costa Lopes J, Martins Filho AJ, do Socorro Cabral Miranda V, Dos Santos LC, da Silva Vilacoert FS, Galúcio VCA, do Socorro da Silva Azevedo R, Martins LC, Duarte MIS, da Costa Vasconcelos PF, and Quaresma JAS more...
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- Cytokines, Humans, Yellow fever virus, Communicable Diseases, Flavivirus, Liver Diseases, Yellow Fever pathology
- Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is an infectious disease considered a public health problem in tropical and subtropical areas. YF has many pathophysiological events that are correlated with the host immune response. In this study, the in situ Th22 cytokine profile was evaluated. Liver tissue samples were collected from 21 YFV-positive patients who died of the disease and five flavivirus-negative controls who died of other causes and whose hepatic parenchyma architecture was preserved. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of tissues in the hepatic parenchyma of YF cases showed significantly higher expression of interleukin (IL)-22, IL-13, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and FGF basic (FGF b) in YFV-positive cases than that in flavivirus-negative controls. These results indicate that the response of Th22 cytokines emerges as an alternative for a better understanding of adaptive immunity in the hepatic parenchyma, highlighting the role of cytokines in the repair and suppressive responses in the immunopathogenesis of YFV infection., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2022
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33. The diversity of Eimeria spp. in cattle in the Brazilian Semiarid region.
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Melo LRB, Sousa LC, Lima BA, Silva ALP, Lima EF, Ferreira LC, Feitosa TF, and Vilela VLR
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- Animals, Biodiversity, Brazil epidemiology, Cattle, Feces parasitology, Prevalence, Cattle Diseases epidemiology, Cattle Diseases parasitology, Coccidiosis epidemiology, Coccidiosis parasitology, Coccidiosis veterinary, Eimeria classification
- Abstract
The aim of the present study was to find out the diversity of Eimeria species in cattle herds in the semiarid region of Brazil. Forty cattle fecal samples were collected from 20 farms in the Paraíba State, Northeast Brazil, and examined by centrifugation-floatation technique in sucrose solution. From each positive animal, 20 oocysts were photographed and measured. Infection by Eimeria spp. was detected in 17.12% (137/800) of the samples analyzed. All the farms had at least one animal that was positive for Eimeria spp. (100%; 20/20). In total, 2740 coccidia were photographed and measured. The species detected were: Eimeria bovis (35.1%); Eimeria canadensis (17.48%); Eimeria auburnensis (14.7%); Eimeria ellipsoidalis (9.7%); Eimeria zuernii (7.22%); Eimeria brasiliensis (4.56%); Eimeria bukidnonensis (3.97%); Eimeria illinoisensis (2.91%); Eimeria wyomingensis (1.42%); Eimeria alabamensis (1.27%); Eimeria cylindrica (0.76%); Eimeria pellita (0.54%); Eimeria ildefonsoi (0.21%); and Eimeria subspherica (0.07%). It was concluded that cattle in the semiarid region of Brazil were parasitized by 14 species of Eimeria. It is thinked that the sanitary management employed, as well as the system used for raising these animals, is the crucial point that leads to high rates of infection in this region. more...
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- 2022
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34. Bacterial Co-Infection in Patients with COVID-19 Hospitalized (ICU and Not ICU): Review and Meta-Analysis.
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Santos AP, Gonçalves LC, Oliveira ACC, Queiroz PHP, Ito CRM, Santos MO, and Carneiro LC
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The prevalence of patients hospitalized in ICUs with COVID-19 and co-infected by pathogenic bacteria is relevant in this study, considering the integrality of treatment. This systematic review assesses the prevalence of co-infection in patients admitted to ICUs with SARS-CoV-2 infection, using the PRISMA guidelines. We examined the results of the PubMed, Embase, and SciELO databases, searching for published English literature from December 2019 to December 2021. A total of 542 rec ords were identified, but only 38 were eligible and, and of these only 10 were included. The tabulated studies represented a sample group of 1394 co-infected patients. In total, 35%/138 of the patients were co-infected with Enterobacter spp., 27% (17/63) were co-infected with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococ cus aureus , 21% (84/404) were co-infected with Klebsiella spp., 16% (47/678) of patients were co-infected with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus , 13% (10/80) co-infected with Escherichia coli (ESBL), and 3% (30/1030) of patients were co-infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The most common co-infections were related to blood flow; although in the urinary and respiratory tracts of patients Streptococcus pneumoniae was found in 57% (12/21) of patients, coagulase negative Staphylococcus in 44% (7/16) of patients, and Escherichia coli was found in 37% (11/29) of patients. The present research demonstrated that co-infections caused by bacteria in patients with COVID-19 are a concern. more...
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- 2022
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35. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C): a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.
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Santos MO, Gonçalves LC, Silva PAN, Moreira ALE, Ito CRM, Peixoto FAO, Wastowski IJ, Carneiro LC, and Avelino MAG
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- Child, Databases, Factual, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, SARS-CoV-2, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, COVID-19 complications, COVID-19 therapy
- Abstract
Objective: The clinical cases of patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) were analyzed via a systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical findings, treatments, and possible outcomes of articles retrieved via database searches., Sources: The authors searched the PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science, Science Direct, EMBASA, EBSCO, and Scopus databases for articles containing the keywords "multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" or "MIS-C" or "PIMS-TS" or "SIMP" and "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2" published between December 1st, 2019 and July 10th, 2021. Patient characteristics, tissue and organ comorbidities, the incidence of symptoms after COVID-19 infection, treatment, and patient evolution in the articles found were evaluated. The data were abstracted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS)., Findings: In total, 98 articles (2275 patients) were selected for demographics, clinical treatment, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with MIS-C. The average age of children with MIS-C, 56.8% of whom were male, was of nine years. Fever (100%), gastrointestinal (GI) (82%), and abdominal pain (68%) were the decisive symptoms for the diagnosis of MIS-C. Shock and/or hypotension were common in patients with MIS-C. Cardiac symptoms (66%) predominated over respiratory (39%) and neurological (28%) symptoms. MIS-C treatment followed the common guidelines for treating children with septic shock and Kawasaki disease (KD) and proved to be effective., Conclusions: This meta-analysis highlights the main clinical symptoms used for the diagnosis of MIS-C, the differences between MIS-C and KD, and the severity of the inflammatory process and urgency for hospital care., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2022
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36. Elevated Mortality Risk from CRKp Associated with Comorbidities: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
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Gonçalves Barbosa LC, Silva E Sousa JA, Bordoni GP, Barbosa GO, and Carneiro LC
- Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has become a public health problem with therapeutic limitations and high mortality associated with comorbidities. Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis with a search in PubMed, SciELO, and Lilacs. Ten articles were selected, considering cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. Tests for proportions and relative risk of mortality were performed, considering a 5% threshold for significance. Statistical analyses were performe dusing Rstudio® software, version 4.0.2 of Ross Ihaka and Robert Genleman in Auckland, New Zealand. Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae, associated with chronic kidney disease, was responsible for 26%/258 deaths, chronic lung disease 28%/169, diabetes 31%/185, liver disease 15%/262, and heart disease 51%/262 deaths. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with chronic kidney disease was responsible for 49%/83 deaths, with diabetes 29%/73, and with liver disease 33%/73 deaths. The risk of death from carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae was twice as high as the number of deaths associated with carbapenem-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae, RR = 2.07 (p < 0.00001). Conclusions: The present study showed an increase in mortality from carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae when associated with comorbidities. more...
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- 2022
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37. Factors Involved in the Apoptotic Cell Death Mechanism in Yellow Fever Hepatitis.
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da Costa Lopes J, Falcão LFM, Martins Filho AJ, Carvalho MLG, Mendes CCH, Olímpio FA, do Socorro Cabral Miranda V, Dos Santos LC, Chiang JO, Cruz ACR, Galúcio VCA, do Socorro da Silva Azevedo R, Martins LC, Duarte MIS, de Sousa JR, da Costa Vasconcelos PF, and Quaresma JAS more...
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- Apoptosis, Humans, Yellow fever virus, Epidemics, Hepatitis, Hepatitis A epidemiology, Yellow Fever
- Abstract
Yellow fever (YF), a non-contagious infectious disease, is endemic or enzootic to the tropical regions of the Americas and Africa. Periodic outbreaks or epidemics have a significant impact on public health. Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is generally characterised by distinct morphological changes and energy-dependent biochemical pathways. In this study, we performed immunohistochemistry analysis to identify and quantify proteases and protein targets involved in the cascade that triggers apoptosis in YF virus (YFV)-infected human hepatocytes. Liver tissue samples were collected from 26 individuals, among whom 21 were diagnosed as YF-positive, and five were flavivirus-negative and died due to other causes. The histopathological alterations in YFV-positive cases were characterised by the presence of apoptotic bodies, steatosis, cellular swelling, and extensive necrosis and haemorrhage in the hepatic lobules. Additionally, we observed an abundance of inflammatory infiltrates in the portal tract. The expression of various apoptotic markers in the hepatic parenchyma, including CASPASE 3, CASPASE 8, BAX, FAS, FASL, GRANZYME B, and SURVIVIN, differed between YFV-positive cases and controls. Collectively, this study confirmed the complexity of YFV infection-induced apoptosis in situ. However, our data suggest that apoptosis in liver parenchyma lesions may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of fatal YF in humans. more...
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- 2022
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38. Effect of retained placenta and clinical mastitis on reproduction parameters, immune response, and steroidogenic receptors gene expression in postpartum crossbred dairy cows.
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Ramos OP, Rezende AL, de Alvarenga PB, Campos CC, de Rezende EV, Silva MJB, Carneiro LC, de Moraes GF, Saut JPE, and Dos Santos RM
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- Animals, Cattle, Female, Gene Expression, Immunity, Interleukin-6 pharmacology, Lactation, Postpartum Period, Pregnancy, Reproduction, Cattle Diseases epidemiology, Endometritis veterinary, Mastitis veterinary, Placenta, Retained genetics, Placenta, Retained veterinary
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of retained placenta (RP) and clinical mastitis (CM) on the reproductive efficiency of crossbred dairy cows during the postpartum period and the effect in some innate immune system indicators. For this, two experiments were carried out. In the first, a total of 232 cows were evaluated and divided as: healthy control (n = 184), RP (n = 22), and CM (n = 26) groups. The RP and CM was evaluated until 30 days postpartum (DPP) and reproductive rates were measured. In experiment 2, cows were divided in control (n = 10), RP (n = 10), and CM (n = 30) groups. Between 40 and 50 DPP, clinical, gynecological examination and endometrial cytobrush were performed to evaluate subclinical endometritis (SE) and gene expression of interleukins 1β (IL-1β) and 6 (IL-6), chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), estrogen α (ESR1), and progesterone (PGR) receptors by qRT-PCR analysis. In experiment 1, the conception rate at 1st artificial insemination (AI) was lower in RP and CM groups and pregnancy rate at 150 days decreased in CM group. Calving-to-1st AI interval and days open were shorter in healthy cows. In experiment 2, the occurrence of SE was 26.7% and higher in RP and CM groups. The expression of IL-1β increased in RP and CM groups, while IL-6 was less expressed in RP group. The CCL5, ESR1, and PGR were similar between groups. In conclusion, cows with RP and CM had their reproductive efficiency negatively affected and had they initial pro-inflammatory response improved by the increase of IL-β., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.) more...
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- 2022
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39. Control of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes on pasture in the tropical semiarid region of Brazil, using Bioverm® (Duddingtonia flagrans).
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Rodrigues JA, Roque FL, Lima BA, Silva Filho GM, Oliveira CSM, Sousa LC, Silva ALP, Lima EF, Feitosa TF, Braga FR, Araújo JV, and Vilela VLR
- Subjects
- Animals, Ascomycota, Brazil epidemiology, Feces, Female, Larva, Ovum, Parasite Egg Count veterinary, Pest Control, Biological, Sheep, Nematoda, Sheep Diseases epidemiology, Sheep Diseases prevention & control
- Abstract
We aimed to evaluate a Brazilian commercial formulation of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (Bioverm®) for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep kept on native pasture in the Caatinga biome, in the semiarid region of Brazil. Twenty ewes, aged between 12 and 18 months, were divided into two groups. In the treated group, each animal received 1 g of the Bioverm® product for each 10 kg of live weight, daily, together with commercial feed, for 6 months. In the control group, the animals received feed without Bioverm®. Each group remained throughout the experiment in a 1.2-ha paddock. Monthly counts of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces, fecal cultures, packed cell volume (PCV), weight measurements, and collection of leaf mass from the pasture were performed. There was greater reduction in EPG, greater weight gain, and less infestation by infective larvae in the paddock of the Bioverm® group, compared with the control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) in the mean PCV percentage between the Bioverm® and control groups. In coprocultures, Haemonchus sp. was the most prevalent helminth. Bioverm® (D. flagrans) was efficient for biological control of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes in the semiarid region of Brazil., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.) more...
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- 2022
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40. Cross-resistance between macrocyclic lactones in populations of Rhipicephalus microplus in Brazil's semiarid region.
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Ferreira LC, Lima EF, Silva ALP, Oliveira CSM, Silva Filho GM, Sousa LC, Klafke GM, Feitosa TF, and Vilela VLR
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- Animals, Brazil, Cattle, Female, Ivermectin pharmacology, Lactones, Acaricides pharmacology, Cattle Diseases parasitology, Rhipicephalus, Tick Infestations parasitology
- Abstract
Rhipicephalus microplus, also known as the cattle tick, is the parasite with the greatest impact on cattle in Brazil. The most common method for controlling this tick is the application of synthetic chemical acaricides, especially ivermectin, which belongs to the group of macrocyclic lactones (MLs). However, because ivermectin is widely used, there is concern about the development of cross-resistance within this chemical class. Thus, engorged females were collected from farms with a history of resistance to ivermectin, which was the only one among the MLs that was used as an endectocide drug. Using larval immersion tests (LIT), bioassays were performed with ivermectin, moxidectin and eprinomectin on populations of R. microplus from the semiarid region of the states of Paraíba and Ceará, Brazil. Epidemiological questionnaires were applied to collect information about tick control management. All the evaluated populations showed cross-resistance between ivermectin and moxidectin, but only one population showed cross-resistance between ivermectin and eprinomectin. Weekly or monthly administration of injectable 1% ivermectin on farms was reported. It was concluded that the frequent use of ivermectin may lead to the development of cross-resistance to moxidectin. For eprinomectin, despite the structural similarity, cross-resistance was not observed in three tick populations., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.) more...
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- 2022
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41. Ovarian steroids modulate the systemic inflammatory response OF COWS challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intrauterine infusion.
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Magalhães LQ, Barbosa SPF, Fagundes NS, Almeida MO, Carneiro LC, Brandão FZ, Nogueira GM, Pereira ECM, and Saut JPE
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- Animals, Cattle, Estradiol, Female, Ovary, Progesterone, Reproduction, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome veterinary, Cattle Diseases drug therapy, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology
- Abstract
Postpartum uterine infections of dairy cows promote a local and systemic inflammation and interfere with reproductive efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of steroid hormones including progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) on the systemic inflammatory response of cows after being challenged with an intrauterine infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). For this, a hemogram and serum dosage of haptoglobin (Hp) in eight primiparous Gir cows ovariectomized were performed on day (day 0) and after 24 h (day +1). Four cows (n = 4) were challenged (day 0) with 20 mL of 0.9% NaCl + 12.5 μg/kg LPS, and four cows (n = 4) were challenged (day 0) with 20 mL of 0.9% NaCl. For this, the study was divided in four experimental groups as: (1) Control group: without any hormonal treatment before day 0; (2) Group 24 h - E2: 1 mg of estradiol benzoate 24 h before (day -1); (3) Group 24 h - P4: 2.0 g of P4 device 24 h before (day -1); (4) Group 14 d - P4: 2.0 g of P4 device 14 days before (day -14). In the systemic response to LPS, there was an increase in Hp (control group; 24 h - P4 group; 14 d - P4 group), and on day +1 the Hp of 14 d - P4 group was higher when compared to the other groups. On day 0, the 14 d - P4 group had an increase in circulating leukocytes and lymphocytes cells than the control group (P < 0.01). On day +1 after LPS-challenge the 14 d - P4 group showed a decrease in circulating lymphocytes, eosinophils, and monocytes (P < 0.05). A neutrophilia with left shift in the two treatments with P4 (day +1), in addition to a thrombocytopenia and lower platelets compared to the 24 h - E2 group (P < 0.05) (day 0) were recorded. It was concluded that ovariectomized cows challenged with LPS, previously submitted to steroid hormones induce a systemic inflammatory response. Also, the systemic response is more intense after previous prolonged exposure to P4 and less intense after exposure to E2. This study provided important information relating the effect of ovarian steroids on the systemic inflammatory response of cows challenged with intrauterine LPS., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2022
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42. Escherichia coli, Species C Human Adenovirus, and Enterovirus in Water Samples Consumed in Rural Areas of Goiás, Brazil.
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Lima FS, Scalize PS, Gabriel EFM, Gomes RP, Gama AR, Demoliner M, Spilki FR, Vieira JDG, and Carneiro LC
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- Brazil, Environmental Monitoring, Escherichia coli genetics, Feces microbiology, Humans, Water, Water Microbiology, Adenoviruses, Human genetics, Enterovirus genetics
- Abstract
Rural environments lack basic sanitation services. Facilities for obtaining water and disposing sewage are often under the initiative of each resident, who may not be able to build and maintain them properly. Thus, water for human consumption is subject to fecal contamination and, consequently, the presence of waterborne pathogens, such as enteric viruses. This study evaluated fecal contamination of water samples from individual sources used for domestic water supply on small farms in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Samples were collected from 78 houses whose water sources were tubular wells, dug wells, springs, and surface waters. Escherichia coli (EC) bacteria, analyzed by the defined chromogenic substrate method, was used as a traditional indicator of fecal contamination. The enteric viruses Human mastadenovirus (HAdV) and Enterovirus (EV), analyzed by qPCR, were tested as complementary indicators of fecal contamination. At least one of these markers was found in 89.7% of the samples. Detection rates were 79.5% for EC, 52.6% for HAdV, and 5.1% for EV. The average concentration for EC was 8.82 × 10
1 most probable number (MPN) per 100 mL, while for HAdV and EV the concentrations were 7.51 × 105 and 1.89 × 106 genomic copies (GC) per liter, respectively. EC was the most frequent marker in ground and surface water samples. HAdV was detected significantly more frequently in groundwater than in surface water and was more efficient in indicating contamination in tubular wells. There was no association of frequencies or correlation of concentrations between EC and HAdV. HAdV indicated human fecal contamination and performed well as a complementary indicator. The results reveal that a large part of the analyzed population is vulnerable to waterborne diseases caused by enteric pathogens., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.) more...- Published
- 2022
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43. In the screening of alternative insecticides to control Aedes aegytpti larvae 2-methylanthraquinone showed no genotoxicity and low toxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio).
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Piau TB, Fascineli ML, Moura DS, Albernaz LC, Espindola LS, and Grisolia CK
- Abstract
The threats posed by insecticide resistance to Aedes aegypti in the context of controlling dengue have led to an urgent search for an environmentally safer alternative chemical with more effective larvicidal properties. Among many molecules tested, 2-methylanthraquinone showed the lowest LC50 for A. aegypti in a previous study and the highest LC50 for zebrafish embryos. Embryos were exposed at concentrations of 1.0, 2.19, 4.78, 10.46, 22.87, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/L, and malformations and mortality were significantly observed only at the highest exposures of 50 and 100 mg/L after 96 h. Micronucleus test and comet assay in zebrafish adults were both negative after exposures at 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/L for 96 h. Several biochemical biomarkers were analyzed in adults, and 2-methylanthraquinone did not interfere with acetylcholinesterase activity. The lactate dehydrogenase activity was higher at concentrations of 25 and 100 mg/L. Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activities were tested in the gill and body (muscle tail). The gill was more sensitive than body for GST activity after exposure to 2-methylanthraquinone, showing the highest activities, and 2-methylanthraquinone showed low toxicity to a non-target organism. more...
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- 2022
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44. Lung Lesion Burden found on Chest CT as a Prognostic Marker in Hospitalized Patients with High Clinical Suspicion of COVID-19 Pneumonia: a Brazilian experience.
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Fonseca EKUN, Assunção Júnior AN, Araujo-Filho JAB, Ferreira LC, Loureiro BMC, Strabelli DG, Farias LPG, Chate RC, Cerri GG, Sawamura MVY, and Nomura CH
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Humans, Lung diagnostic imaging, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, COVID-19
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between lung lesion burden (LLB) found on chest computed tomography (CT) and 30-day mortality in hospitalized patients with high clinical suspicion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), accounting for tomographic dynamic changes., Methods: Patients hospitalized with high clinical suspicion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a dedicated and reference hospital for COVID-19, having undergone at least one RT-PCR test, regardless of the result, and with one CT compatible with COVID-19, were retrospectively studied. Clinical and laboratory data upon admission were assessed, and LLB found on CT was semi-quantitatively evaluated through visual analysis. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality after admission. Secondary outcomes, including the intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation used, and length of stay (LOS), were assessed., Results: A total of 457 patients with a mean age of 57±15 years were included. Among these, 58% presented with positive RT-PCR result for COVID-19. The median time from symptom onset to RT-PCR was 8 days [interquartile range 6-11 days]. An initial LLB of ≥50% using CT was found in 201 patients (44%), which was associated with an increased crude at 30-day mortality (31% vs. 15% in patients with LLB of <50%, p<0.001). An LLB of ≥50% was also associated with an increase in the ICU admission, the need for mechanical ventilation, and a prolonged LOS after adjusting for baseline covariates and accounting for the CT findings as a time-varying covariate; hence, patients with an LLB of ≥50% remained at a higher risk at 30-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.47-3.18, p<0.001)., Conclusion: Even after accounting for dynamic CT changes in patients with both clinical and imaging findings consistent with COVID-19, an LLB of ≥50% might be associated with a higher risk of mortality. more...
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- 2021
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45. Subjective prosthodontic treatment need, tooth loss and associated factors among dental patients in Dar es salaam, Tanzania.
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Carneiro LC, Sembiko S, and Masalu JR
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Chi-Square Distribution, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Prosthodontics, Tanzania epidemiology, Young Adult, Tooth Loss epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: A full complement of teeth has been shown to be a prerequisite for a healthy masticatory system and satisfactory function and having tooth loss can be undesirable., Objective: To determine the subjective prosthodontic treatment need, tooth loss and associated factors among patients attending dental clinics in Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania., Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among subjects with tooth loss aged 18 years and above attending public dental clinics in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. A questionnaire and clinical examination were used to obtain data. Chi-Square test and logistic regression analyses were performed and a p-value of ≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant., Results: Majority of the 402 participants were aged 18-34 years (52.2%), females (64.9%) and with primary level of education or less (52.2%). Subjective prosthodontic treatment need was indicated by more than half of the participants 54.2%) and those who lost 4 or more teeth and those who lost teeth upper anterior had higher odds of expressing subjective treatment need (OR=2.6; CI=1.5-4.3 & OR=4.9; CI=2.2-10.8 respectively)., Conclusions: This study highlights that having four or more missing teeth and having tooth loss in the anterior location of the upper jaw were significant contributing factors in expressing patient's subjective prosthodontic treatment need., (© 2021 Carneiro LC et al.) more...
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- 2021
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46. Helicobacter pylori virulence dupA gene: risk factor or protective factor?
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de Lima Silva LL, Oliveira AKS, Gama AR, Ramos AFPL, Silva AMTC, Blanco AJV, Vieira JDG, Rasmussem LT, Carneiro LC, and Barbosa MS
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- Brazil epidemiology, Dyspepsia complications, Dyspepsia epidemiology, Dyspepsia microbiology, Female, Humans, Male, Phylogeny, Protective Factors, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Risk Factors, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Helicobacter Infections complications, Helicobacter Infections epidemiology, Helicobacter Infections microbiology, Helicobacter pylori classification, Helicobacter pylori genetics, Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity, Virulence Factors genetics
- Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the etiological agent of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. The duodenal ulcer-promoting gene dupA, which is located in the plasticity region of the H. pylori genome, is homologous to the virB gene which encodes a type IV secretion protein in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Studies have shown associations between H. pylori dupA-positive strains and gastroduodenal diseases. However, whether dupA acts as a risk factor or protective factor in these diseases remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to verify the presence of the dupA gene in infectious H. pylori strains in the Brazilian mid-west and to investigate its association with the clinical outcomes of patients with dyspepsia. Additionally, the phylogenetic origin of the strains was determined. Gastric biopsies from 117 patients with dyspepsia were analyzed using histological and molecular techniques. The hpx gene (16S rRNA) was used to screen for H. pylori infection, and positive samples were then subjected to dupA gene detection and sequencing. The estimated prevalence of H. pylori infection was 64.1%, with the dupA gene being detected in a high proportion of infectious strains (70.7%). Furthermore, a risk analysis revealed that for women, a dupA-positive H. pylori infection increased the chance of developing gastritis by twofold. The partial dupA sequences from isolated infectious strains in this work are similar to those of strains isolated in westerns countries. This study provides useful insights for understanding the role of the H. pylori dupA gene in disease development., (© 2021. Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia.) more...
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- 2021
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47. Chest computed tomography in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in patients with false negative RT-PCR.
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Fonseca EKUN, Ferreira LC, Loureiro BMC, Strabelli DG, Farias LPG, Queiroz GA, Garcia JVR, Teixeira RF, Gama VAA, Chate RC, Assunção Júnior AN, Sawamura MVY, and Nomura CH
- Subjects
- Artificial Intelligence, Humans, Lung, Retrospective Studies, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, SARS-CoV-2, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, COVID-19
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the role of chest computed tomography in patients with COVID-19 who presented initial negative result in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)., Methods: A single-center, retrospective study that evaluated 39 patients with negative RT-PCR for COVID-19, who underwent chest computed tomography and had a final clinical or serological diagnosis of COVID-19. The visual tomographic classification was evaluated according to the Consensus of the Radiological Society of North America and software developed with artificial intelligence for automatic detection of findings and chance estimation of COVID-19., Results: In the visual tomographic analysis, only one of them (3%) presented computed tomography classified as negative, 69% were classified as typical and 28% as indeterminate. In the evaluation using the software, only four (about 10%) had a probability of COVID-19 <25%., Conclusion: Computed tomography can play an important role in management of suspected cases of COVID-19 with initial negative results in RT-PCR, especially considering those patients outside the ideal window for sample collection for RT-PCR. more...
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- 2021
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48. HELICOBACTER PYLORI cagA VIRULENCE GENE AND SEVERE ESOGASTRODUODENAL DISEASES: IS THERE AN ASSOCIATION?
- Author
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Oliveira AKS, Silva LLL, Miguel MP, Blanco AJV, Carneiro LC, and Barbosa MS
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antigens, Bacterial genetics, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phylogeny, Virulence genetics, Young Adult, Gastritis, Helicobacter Infections epidemiology, Helicobacter pylori genetics, Stomach Neoplasms
- Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori colonizes approximately half of the world's human population. Its presence in the gastric mucosa is associated with an increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric lymphoma, and peptic ulcer disease. In Brazil, the high prevalence of H. pylori infection is a serious health problem. H. pylori virulence factors are associated with an increased risk of serious gastrointestinal disorders. The cagA gene encodes a cytotoxin-A-associated antigen (CagA) that is involved in bacterial pathogenicity. H. pylori strains carrying the cag pathogenicity island (cag-PAI) are significantly associated with severe clinical outcomes and histopathological changes., Objective: The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of the cagA gene among H. pylori isolates from patients with different gastric pathologies. Further, the study hopes to verify its association with clinical outcomes. In addition, phylogenetic analysis was performed on cagA-positive H. pylori strains from patients with severe and non-severe diseases., Methods: Gastric specimens were collected through a biopsy from 117 patients with different esogastroduodenal diseases. DNA was extracted from these gastric specimens and the polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify the gene fragments corresponding to the 16S ribosomal RNA and cagA genes using specific primers. The polymerase chain reaction products of selected samples positive for cagA were sequenced. The sequences were aligned with reference sequences from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) (Bethesda/USA), and a phylogenetic tree was constructed., Results: H. pylori was detected in 65.9% (77/117) of Brazilian patients with different gastroduodenal disorders. Overall, 80.5% (62/77) of the strains were cagA-positive. The ages of patients with cagA-positive strains (15 males and 47 females) ranged from 18 to 74 years. The lesions were categorized as non-severe and severe according to the endoscopic and histopathological reports the most prevalent non-severe esogastroduodenal lesion was gastritis 54/77 (70.12%), followed by esophagitis 12/77 (15.58%) and duodenitis 12/77 (15.58%). In contrast, the most prevalent severe lesions were atrophy 7/77 (9.09%), followed by metaplasia 3/77 (3.86%) and gastric adenocarcinoma 2/77 (2.59%). Phylogenetic analyses performed with the partial sequences of the cagA gene obtained from local strains were grouped in the same clade. No differences in phylogenetic distribution was detected between severe and non-severe diseases., Conclusion: The cagA gene is highly prevalent among H. pylori isolates from gastric lesions in Brazilian patients. The presence of the cagA gene was not considered a marker of the severity of esogastroduodenal lesions in the present study. This is the first study to investigate the phylogenetic population structure of H. pylori strains in a Brazilian capital, which may improve our understanding of the clinical outcome of H. pylori infection. more...
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- 2021
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49. Physicochemical, microbiological quality, and risk assessment of water consumed by a quilombola community in midwestern Brazil.
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Scalize PS, Gabriel EFM, Lima FS, Arruda PN, Lopes HTL, Paula Reis Y, Carneiro LC, Bezerra NR, Fiaccadori FS, and Baumann LRF
- Subjects
- Brazil, Humans, Risk Assessment, Water Microbiology, Water Quality, Water Supply, Quality of Life, Water
- Abstract
The quality of the water consumed by a given community is related to its quality of life. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate, from the perspective of health risk, the physical, chemical, and microbiological quality of drinking water, in a quilombola community, and the qualitative aspects intrinsic to its use and storage. For this, water samples, collected at the exits of the collective water supply system and from eight cisterns that store rainwater, used for human consumption, were analyzed. The samples were subjected to physical, chemical, and microbiological analysis, including adenovirus (HAdV) and enterovirus (EV). The probability of an individual acquiring infection through water consumption was determined by quantitative microbiological risk analysis using HAdV and Escherichia coli (EC) as reference pathogens. The results showed that the water in the deep tubular well had 270.8 mg/L of total hardness, leading to the rejection of its consumption by ingestion. Alternativity, the people in the community consume rainwater stored in cisterns. For this type of water, the presence of heterotrophic bacteria was found in 75%, total coliform was present in 100%, and Enterococci were detected in 25%. Furthermore, EC was present in 25%, EV in 50%, and HAdV in 100% of the samples. The probability of annual infection with HAdV and EC was, in the worst situation, 100% and 1.3%, respectively. Regarding the qualitative and quantitative aspects, there was a significant positive correlation between the absence of EC and the withdrawal of water from the cistern using a pump and the opposite when the withdrawal was carried out using a bucket or hose. Based on the results found, it is important to carry out actions aimed at improving water quality and, consequently, the quality of life of people living in the study community., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.) more...
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- 2021
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50. Decrease of miR-125a-5p in Gastritis and Gastric Cancer and Its Possible Association with H. pylori.
- Author
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Dos Santos MP, Pereira JN, De Labio RW, Carneiro LC, Pontes JC, Barbosa MS, Smith MAC, Payão SLM, and Rasmussen LT
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Biomarkers, Tumor analysis, Brazil epidemiology, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Early Detection of Cancer methods, Female, Gastric Mucosa microbiology, Gastric Mucosa pathology, Gastritis microbiology, Gastritis pathology, Gene Expression Profiling, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Helicobacter Infections epidemiology, Helicobacter Infections microbiology, Helicobacter Infections pathology, Helicobacter pylori isolation & purification, Humans, Male, MicroRNAs analysis, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Stomach Neoplasms diagnosis, Stomach Neoplasms microbiology, Stomach Neoplasms pathology, Biomarkers, Tumor metabolism, Gastritis genetics, Helicobacter Infections genetics, MicroRNAs metabolism, Stomach Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of miR-125a-5p in patients with dyspeptic symptoms and gastric cancer, correlating them with the development of this cancer and H. pylori., Methods: Patients were divided in groups according to histopathological analysis (control, gastritis, and cancer groups). Polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect H. pylori and real-time quantitative PCR to determine miR-125a-5p expression., Results: H. pylori was detected in 44% of the patients, with prevalence in the gastritis and cancer groups. A statistically significant decrease of miR-125a-5p expression was found in the control positive (p = 0.0183*), gastritis positive (p = 0.0380*), and cancer positive (p = 0.0288*) groups when compared with the control negative group., Conclusion: We suggest that decreased expression of the miRNA-125a-5p associated with the presence of the H. pylori is an important mechanism in gastric diseases and could be a possible marker for early diagnosis of gastric cancer. more...
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- 2021
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