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2. Optimization of in vitro conservation of Dioscorea spp germplasm by minimal growth

Author

Díaz Narváez, Lucía Candelaria, Carmona Wilches, Oscar Elías, Beltrán Herrera, Javier Darío, Díaz Narváez, Lucía Candelaria, Carmona Wilches, Oscar Elías, and Beltrán Herrera, Javier Darío

Abstract

Dioscorea alata cv. "Criollo" and Dioscorea rotundata cv. "Espino" are constituted as the two cultivars mostly cultivated in the department of Sucre, Colombia. For this reason the University of Sucre has been implementing tissue culture techniques for their multiplication throughout in vitro propagation. However, this methodology support accessions for a period about 4 months, causing continuous subcultures, increased costs and labor. Therefore the objective of the present investigation was to establish an optimal culture media for in vitro minimal growth conservation of different accessions (D. alata and D. rotundata) from the University of Sucre yam´s genebank , for a period of 8 months by modifying the basic MS culture medium. The following osmolytes were used: sucrose, mannitol and sorbitol in different percentages (S:M:S). Eight treatments (T) in the following percentages were evaluated: T1 (control) (3:0:0), T2 (0:1,5:0), T3(0:0:2), T4 (0:1,5:2), T5(0:0:1) y T6 (0:0:3), T7 (0:1,5:1) y T8 (0:1,5:3). Every 30 days data was recorded for: survival (%), expanded leaves (%), length of stem and roots, number of leaves and roots, phenolization (%), leaf senescence (%) and callus presence (%). The best results for D. alata and D. rotundata, were observed in treatment T4 (0:1,5:2), where a high percentage of survival evidence, a minimum percentage of leaf senescence and a limited response for the other variables. Therefore, these results indicate the potential of this media, to increase 100% in vitro growth conservation over the conventional media, and ensuring the viability and normal development of the accessions for more than four months period.Key words: yam, mannitol, sorbitol, sucrose., Título corto: “Optimización de la conservación in vitro de ñame”Título en ingles: Optimization of in vitro conservation of Dioscorea spp germplasm by minimal growth.Título corto en ingles: “Optimization of in vitro conservation of yam”Resumen: El ñame Criollo (Dioscorea alata) y el ñame Espino (Dioscorea rotundata) se constituyen como las dos especies mayormente cultivadas en el departamento de Sucre, Colombia. Por esta razón en la Universidad de Sucre se han implementado técnicas para lograr su conservación mediante la propagación in vitro, sin embargo esta metodología conserva las accesiones por un periodo no mayor a los 4 meses, provocando continuos subcultivos, aumento de costos y mano de obra. Por ello la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo establecer medios de cultivo óptimos para la conservación in vitro por crecimiento mínimo de diferentes accesiones (D. alata y D. rotundata) pertenecientes al banco de germoplasma de la Universidad de Sucre, durante un periodo de 8 meses. Esto mediante la modificación del medio de cultivo base MS; con los siguientes osmolitos: sacarosa, manitol y sorbitol. Se avaluaron 8 tratamientos (T) en los siguientes porcentajes T1 (control)(3:0:0), T2 (0:1,5:0), T3 (0:0:2), T4 (0:1,5:2), T5 (0:0:1) y T6 (0:0:3), T7 (0:1,5:1) y T8 (0:1,5:3). Cada 30 días se evaluó: supervivencia (%), hojas expandidas (%), longitud del tallo y raíz, número de nudos y raíces, oxidación (%), senescencia foliar (%) y callo (%). Los resultados mostraron que las especies D. alata y D. rotundata, se conservan de forma óptima, en la combinación T4 (0:1,5:2), donde se evidencia un alto porcentaje de supervivencia, un mínimo porcentaje de senescencia foliar y un desarrollo restringido en el resto de variables. Garantizando así la disponibilidad y el desarrollo normal de las accesiones en un periodo superior a 4 meses.Palabras clave: ñame, manitol, sorbitol, sacarosa.Key words: yam, mannitol, sorbitol, sucrose.Recibido: junio 10 de 2014 Apro

Published
2015

4. EFECTO DE LOS OSMOLITOS SACAROSA, MANITOL Y SORBITOL EN LA CONSERVACION IN VITRO DE Dioscorea alata, D. bulbifera, D. rotundata Y D. trifida POR EL MÉTODO DE CRECIMIENTO MÍNIMO.

Author

Carmona Wilches, Oscar Elías, Díaz Narváez, Lucía Candelaria, and Beltrán Herrera, Javier Darío

Subjects
*WATER yam, *SUCROSE, *MANNITOL, *SORBITOL, *SUGARS
Abstract

This study aimed to establish an efficient culture media for in vitro conservation of uninodal segments of the species Dioscorea alata, D. bulbifera, D. rotundata and D. trifida, for a 7 months period; by modifying MS media culture with the following osmolytes: sucrose, mannitol and sorbitol: Six treatments (T) were evaluated in the following percentages: T1 (3% sucrose), T2 (1.5% mannitol), T3 (2% sorbitol), T4 (1.5% sucrose + 1.5% mannitol), T5 (1.5% sucrose + 2% sorbitol) and T6 (mannitol 1.5% + 2% sorbitol). Treatments were evaluated every 30 days for: survival (%), expanded leaves (%), length of stem and roots, number of leaves, shoots and roots, phenolization (%), leaf senescence (%) and callus (%). The results showed that Dioscorea alata and D. bulbifera are better conserved using the combination mannitol-sorbitol (1.5-2%), while D. rotundata and D. trifida, adequately respond to the individual use of mannitol (1.5%) and sorbitol (2%) respectively. In conclusion these sugars, and their combination, allow extended subculture periods, supporting the effective conservation of yams, using stem node explants; ensuring a reduced growth rate of the plantlets, with a high survival rate and viability of the species evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013

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