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Introduction: clinical applications of the buccal fat pad have been reported more frequently in recent years, mainly in Dentistry area. The aim of this study was to review the literature identifying the anatomy of the buccal fat pad, including its development, functional importance and some of its applications in different clinical procedures. Review: one electronic research database, PubMed, was investigated using the following restricted keywords: "buccal fat pad", "anatomy" and "clinical procedures". Forty-nine articles were found. The final review included thirty-three of them. Publications identified were considered between February 1989 and December 2020. Conclusion: this review showed that the buccal fat pad is a complex anatomical structure that has essential functions and can be applied to different clinical approaches. It is indispensable for the professionals who work with this structure to know it in detail so to obtain success on the procedures involving the buccal fat pad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate the alignment of the supraorbital, infraorbital and mental foramina in relation to the midline according to the sex, the side and the dentition in a sample of CT skulls of a Brazilian sample by 3D morphometric analysis. Methods: A total of 116 CT scans from adults dried human skulls and mandibles were selected at random ranging in age from 19 to 100 years (±57.31), both sexes. Measurements were performed in Rhinoceros 5 software from the median sagittal plane referenced. Continuous outcomes underwent the Shapiro-Wilk's normality test followed by Student's paired t test or Wilcoxon's test to check for differences. To correct the p-value for multiple comparisons, the Tukey's or Dunn's multiple comparisons post-hoc tests were also performed for One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively. The significance and confidence levels were set, respectively, at 5% and 95%. Results: when the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina of the same side were compared, a statistically significant result occurred for all comparisons for both sides regarding male and female individuals (p<0.0001). Conclusion: the present work showed in 3-D morphometric analysis that we did not find foramina alignment in any of those studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: this study aimed to evaluate the volume of the mandibular canal in computerized tomography and to investigate if this anatomical structure presents sexual dimorphism and the probability to determine the sex from the mandibular canal volume by regression analysis. Methods: Were used 125 computed tomography from adults dried human mandibles selected at random ranging in age from 19 to 100 years (48 females and 77 males). Software Mimics 18.0 was used to image segmentation and to create 3D reconstruction to obtain the volume of the mandibular canal. Statistical tests used were unpaired Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney comparative test, considering the right and left mandibular canals separately. Regression analysis test was performed to verify the probability to determine the sex. Results showed no significant difference between the sides, p>0,05. Results: The male distribution of the mandibular canal data was not parametric, considering the right canal separately. Mandibular canal volume presented statistical significance for sexual differentiation. Conclusion: Our study presented the accuracy over 85% of the regression analysis show a great result to determined sex using the MC volume, should apply the formula in a different sample for best results. It is useful in forensic scenarios for systematic reassessment of cases and improvement of anthropologic methods used secularly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]