Search

The XLZD collaboration is developing a two-phase xenon time projection chamber with an active mass of 60 to 80 t capable of probing the remaining WIMP-nucleon interaction parameter space down to the so-called neutrino fog. In this work we show that, based on the performance of currently operating detectors using the same technology and a realistic reduction of radioactivity in detector materials, such an experiment will also be able to competitively search for neutrinoless double beta decay in $^{136}$Xe using a natural-abundance xenon target. XLZD can reach a 3$\sigma$ discovery potential half-life of 5.7$\times$10$^{27}$ yr (and a 90% CL exclusion of 1.3$\times$10$^{28}$ yr) with 10 years of data taking, corresponding to a Majorana mass range of 7.3-31.3 meV (4.8-20.5 meV). XLZD will thus exclude the inverted neutrino mass ordering parameter space and will start to probe the normal ordering region for most of the nuclear matrix elements commonly considered by the community., Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures

This report describes the experimental strategy and technologies for a next-generation xenon observatory sensitive to dark matter and neutrino physics. The detector will have an active liquid xenon target mass of 60-80 tonnes and is proposed by the XENON-LUX-ZEPLIN-DARWIN (XLZD) collaboration. The design is based on the mature liquid xenon time projection chamber technology of the current-generation experiments, LZ and XENONnT. A baseline design and opportunities for further optimization of the individual detector components are discussed. The experiment envisaged here has the capability to explore parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter down to the neutrino fog, with a 3$\sigma$ evidence potential for the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross sections as low as $3\times10^{-49}\rm cm^2$ (at 40 GeV/c$^2$ WIMP mass). The observatory is also projected to have a 3$\sigma$ observation potential of neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe at a half-life of up to $5.7\times 10^{27}$ years. Additionally, it is sensitive to astrophysical neutrinos from the atmosphere, sun, and galactic supernovae., Comment: 32 pages, 14 figures

We report results of a search for nuclear recoils induced by weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter using the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) two-phase xenon time projection chamber. This analysis uses a total exposure of $4.2\pm0.1$ tonne-years from 280 live days of LZ operation, of which $3.3\pm0.1$ tonne-years and 220 live days are new. A technique to actively tag background electronic recoils from $^{214}$Pb $\beta$ decays is featured for the first time. Enhanced electron-ion recombination is observed in two-neutrino double electron capture decays of $^{124}$Xe, representing a noteworthy new background. After removal of artificial signal-like events injected into the data set to mitigate analyzer bias, we find no evidence for an excess over expected backgrounds. World-leading constraints are placed on spin-independent (SI) and spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross sections for masses $\geq$9 GeV/$c^2$. The strongest SI exclusion set is $2.1\times10^{-48}$ cm$^{2}$ at the 90% confidence level at a mass of 36 GeV/$c^2$, and the best SI median sensitivity achieved is $5.0\times10^{-48}$ cm$^{2}$ for a mass of 40 GeV/$c^2$.

The Wide Field Monitor (WFM) is one of the three instruments on the Spectroscopic Time-Resolving Observatory for Broadband Energy X-rays (STROBE-X) mission, which was proposed in response to the NASA 2023 call for a probe class mission. The WFM is a coded-mask camera system that would be the most scientifically capable wide-angle monitor ever flown. The field of view covers one third of the sky, to 50 percent mask coding, and the energy sensitivity is 2 to 50 keV. The WFM is designed to identify new X-ray transients and to capture spectral and timing changes in known sources with data of unprecedented quality. Science applications cover diverse classes, in including X-ray bursts that coincide with gravitational wave detections, gamma ray bursts and their transition from prompt emission to afterglow, subluminous GRBs that may signal shock breakout in supernovae, state transitions in accreting compact objects and their jets, bright flares in fast X-ray transients, accretion onset in transitional pulsars, and coronal flares from many types of active stars., Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in JATIS

High computational power and the availability of large datasets have supported the development of Foundational Models. They are a new emerging technique widely used in Generative Artificial Intelligence, characterized by their scalability and their use in Transfer Learning. The enormous and heterogeneous amounts of data used in their initial training phase, known as pre-training, give them a higher generalization capacity than any other specific model, constituting a solid base that can be adapted or adjusted to a wide range of tasks, increasing their applicability. This study proposes LLIAM, the Llama Lora-Integrated Autorregresive Model. Low-Rank Adaptations are used to enhance the knowledge of the model with diverse time series datasets, known as the fine-tuning phase. To illustrate the capabilities of our proposal, two sets of experiments have been carried out that obtained favorable and promising results with lower training times than other Deep Learning approaches. With this work, we also encourage the use of available resources (such as these pre-trained models) to avoid unnecessary and costly training, narrowing the gap between the goals of traditional Artificial Intelligence and those specified by the definition of Green Artificial Intelligence.

Population pressure is speeding the rate of deforestation in Sub-Saharan Africa, increasing the cost of biomass cooking fuel, which over 80 percent of the population relies upon. Higher energy input costs for meal preparation command a larger portion of household spending which in turn induces families to focus their diet on quick cooking staples. We use a field experiment in Zambia to investigate the impact of solar cook stoves on meal preparation choices and expenditures on biomass fuel. Participants kept a detailed food diary recording every ingredient and fuel source used in preparing every dish at every meal for every day during the six weeks of the experiment. This produces a data set of 93,606 ingredients used in the preparation of 30,314 dishes. While treated households used the solar stoves to prepare around 40 percent of their dishes, the solar stove treatment did not significantly increase measures of nutritional diversity nor did treated households increase the number of dishes per meal or reduce the number of meals they skipped. However, treated households significantly reduced the amount of time and money spent on obtaining fuel for cooking. These results suggest that solar stoves, while not changing a household's dietary composition, does relax cooking fuel constraints, allowing households to prepare more meals by reducing the share of household expenditure that goes to meal preparation.

This is the third of a series of works (arxiv:2106.05291, arxiv:2205.03301) aimed at renormalizing the Standard Model effective field theory at one loop and to order $1/\Lambda^4$, with $\Lambda$ being the new physics cut-off. On this occasion, we concentrate on the running of two-fermion operators induced by pairs of dimension-six interactions. We work mostly off-shell, for which we obtain and provide a new and explicitly hermitian basis of dimension-eight Green's functions. All our results can be accessed in https://github.com/SMEFT-Dimension8-RGEs ., Comment: 17 pages, 2 figures, complete results: https://github.com/SMEFT-Dimension8-RGEs

We first prove a mimicking theorem (also known as a Markovian projection theorem) for the marginal distributions of an Ito process conditioned to not have exited a given domain. We then apply this new result to the proof of a conjecture of P.L. Lions for the optimal control of conditioned processes., Comment: 7 pages

The Gemini South telescope is now equipped with a new high-resolution spectrograph called GHOST (the Gemini High-resolution Optical SpecTrograph). This instrument provides high-efficiency, high-resolution spectra covering 347-1060 nm in a single exposure of either one or two targets simultaneously, along with precision radial velocity spectroscopy utilizing an internal calibration source. It can operate at a spectral element resolving power of either 76000 or 56000, and can reach a SNR$\sim$5 in a 1hr exposure on a V$\sim$20.8 mag target in median site seeing, and dark skies (per resolution element). GHOST was installed on-site in June 2022, and we report performance after full integration to queue operations in November 2023, in addition to scientific results enabled by the integration observing runs. These results demonstrate the ability to observe a wide variety of bright and faint targets with high efficiency and precision. With GHOST, new avenues to explore high-resolution spectroscopy have opened up to the astronomical community. These are described, along with the planned and potential upgrades to the instrument., Comment: Accepted in the Astronomical Journal; 26 pages, 24 figures and 4 tables

In many power grids, a large portion of the energy costs for commercial and industrial consumers are set with reference to the coincident peak load, the demand during the maximum system-wide peak, and their own maximum peak load, the non-coincident peak load. Coincident-peak based charges reflect the allocation of infrastructure updates to end-users for increased capacity, the amount the grid can handle, and for improvement of the transmission, the ability to transport energy across the network. Demand charges penalize the stress on the grid caused by each consumer's peak demand. Microgrids with a local generator, controllable loads, and/or a battery technology have the flexibility to cut their peak load contributions and thereby significantly reduce these charges. This paper investigates the optimal planning of microgrid technology for electricity bill reduction. The specificity of our approach is the leveraging of a scenario generator engine to incorporate probability estimates of coincident peaks and non-coincident peaks into the optimization problem., Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables

The sub-Jovian desert is a region in the mass-period and radius-period parameter space, typically encompassing short-period ranges between super-Earths and hot Jupiters, that exhibits an intrinsic dearth of planets. This scarcity is likely shaped by photoevaporation caused by the stellar irradiation received by giant planets that have migrated inward. We report the detection and characterization of TOI-3568 b, a transiting super-Neptune with a mass of $26.4\pm1.0$ M$_\oplus$, a radius of $5.30\pm0.27$ R$_\oplus$, a bulk density of $0.98\pm0.15$ g cm$^{-3}$, and an orbital period of 4.417965(5) d situated in the vicinity of the sub-Jovian desert. This planet orbiting a K dwarf star with solar metallicity, was identified photometrically by TESS. It was characterized as a planet by our high-precision radial velocity monitoring program using MAROON-X at Gemini North, supplemented by additional observations from the SPICE large program with SPIRou at CFHT. We performed a Bayesian MCMC joint analysis of the TESS and ground-based photometry, MAROON-X and SPIRou radial velocities, to measure the orbit, radius, and mass of the planet, as well as a detailed analysis of the high-resolution flux and polarimetric spectra to determine the physical parameters and elemental abundances of the host star. Our results reveal TOI-3568 b as a hot super-Neptune, rich in hydrogen and helium with a core of heavier elements with a mass between 10 and 25 M$_\oplus$. We analyzed the photoevaporation status of TOI-3568 b and found that it experiences one of the highest EUV luminosities among planets with a mass M$_{\rm p}$ $<2$ M$_{\rm Nep}$, yet it has an evaporation lifetime exceeding 5 Gyr. Positioned in the transition between two significant populations of exoplanets on the mass-period and energy diagrams, this planet presents an opportunity to test theories concerning the origin of the sub-Jovian desert., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A on September 4, 2024

The broad physics reach of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment covers rare phenomena beyond the direct detection of dark matter. We report precise measurements of the extremely rare decay of $^{124}$Xe through the process of two-neutrino double electron capture (2$\nu$2EC), utilizing a $1.39\,\mathrm{kg} \times \mathrm{yr}$ isotopic exposure from the first LZ science run. A half-life of $T_{1/2}^{2\nu2\mathrm{EC}} = (1.09 \pm 0.14_{\text{stat}} \pm 0.05_{\text{sys}}) \times 10^{22}\,\mathrm{yr}$ is observed with a statistical significance of $8.3\,\sigma$, in agreement with literature. First empirical measurements of the KK capture fraction relative to other K-shell modes were conducted, and demonstrate consistency with respect to recent signal models at the $1.4\,\sigma$ level., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures

This paper analyses spectropolarimetric observations of the classical T Tauri star (CTTS) GM Aurigae collected with SPIRou, the near-infrared spectropolarimeter at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, as part of the SLS and SPICE Large Programs. We report for the first time results on the large-scale magnetic field at the surface of GM Aur using Zeeman Doppler imaging. Its large-scale magnetic field energy is almost entirely stored in an axisymmetric poloidal field, which places GM Aur close to other CTTSs with similar internal structures. A dipole of about 730 G dominates the large-scale field topology, while higher-order harmonics account for less than 30 per-cent of the total magnetic energy. Overall, we find that the main difference between our three reconstructed maps (corresponding to sequential epochs) comes from the evolving tilt of the magnetic dipole, likely generated by non-stationary dynamo processes operating in this largely convective star rotating with a period of about 6 d. Finally, we report a 5.5$\sigma$ detection of a signal in the activity-filtered radial velocity data of semi-amplitude 110 $\pm$ 20 m/s at a period of 8.745 $\pm$ 0.009 d. If attributed to a close-in planet in the inner accretion disc of GM Aur, it would imply that this planet candidate has a minimum mass of 1.10 $\pm$ 0.30 Mjup and orbits at a distance of 0.082 $\pm$ 0.002 au., Comment: Published in MNRAS. 24 pages, 15 figures

This paper introduces a novel approach to addressing uncertainty and associated risks in power system management, focusing on the discrepancies between forecasted and actual values of load demand and renewable power generation. By employing Economic Dispatch (ED) with both day-ahead forecasts and actual values, we derive two distinct system costs, revealing the financial risks stemming from uncertainty. We present a numerical algorithm inspired by the Integrated Gradients (IG) method to attribute the contribution of stochastic components to the difference in system costs. This method, originally developed for machine learning, facilitates the understanding of individual input features' impact on the model's output prediction. By assigning numeric values to represent the influence of variability on operational costs, our method provides actionable insights for grid management. As an application, we propose a risk-averse unit commitment framework, leveraging our cost attribution algorithm to adjust the capacity of renewable generators, thus mitigating system risk. Simulation results on the RTS-GMLC grid demonstrate the efficacy of our approach in improving grid reliability and reducing operational costs., Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables

The goal of this paper is to review the properties of a Rule 60 cellular automaton on a ring with a Mersenne number circumference and to use this knowledge to explicitly construct all the ground state configurations of the classical Newman-Moore model (a particular two-dimensional spin lattice model with a specific three-spin interaction) on a square lattice of the same size. In this particular case, the number of ground states is equal to half of the available spin configurations in any given row of the lattice., Comment: 13 pages, 0 figures

By the introduction of locally constant prefactorization algebras at a fixed scale, we show a mathematical incarnation of the fact that observables at a given scale of a topological field theory propagate to every scale over euclidean spaces. The key is that these prefactorization algebras over $\mathbb{R}^n$ are equivalent to algebras over the little $n$-disc operad. For topological field theories with defects, we get analogous results by replacing $\mathbb{R}^n$ with the spaces modelling corners $\mathbb{R}^p\times\mathbb{R}^{q}_{\geq 0}$. As a toy example in $1d$, we quantize, once more, constant Poisson structures., Comment: Comments are welcome!

This work addresses the homotopical analysis of enveloping operads in a general cofibrantly generated symmetric monoidal model category. We show the potential of this analysis by obtaining, in a uniform way, several central results regarding the homotopy theory of operadic algebras., Comment: Comments are welcome!

Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) are explored to improve quantum sensing and weak signal detection. Changes in the ground state at a QPT enhance indicators of parameter estimation, such as the quantum Fischer information. Here, we show that in systems that lack a QPT, quantum sensitivity can still be enhanced due to excited-state quantum phase transitions (ESQPTs). Our analysis is done for a Kerr parametric oscillator with two ESQPTs associated with the onset of a hyperbolic point and a local maximum in the classical limit. These points change the system's phase space structure, which results in the amplification of the quantum Fisher information and the squeezing of the uncertainty in position at specific values of the control parameter. Our study showcases the relationship between non-conventional quantum critical phenomena and quantum sensing with potential experimental applications in exciton-polariton condensates and superconducting circuits., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

We analyze the network of transactions among cities based on the electronic invoice database for the municipalities in the Cear\'a state, Brazil. It consists of approximately 3.7 billion records, registered during the period between the years 2016 to 2019. All the transactions are grouped in a unique dataset and represented as an asymmetrical adjacency matrix corresponding to a directed graph with connections weighted by the number of transactions among cities. Due to the large size of Cear\'a state, its unequal distribution of wealth, and spatially heterogeneous population, we initially determine communities of cities based on their mutual intensity of trades and verify to which extent their economic interests reflect a community cohesiveness. For the first task, we use the Infomap algorithm to detect the partition which provides the shortest description length and captures the optimal community structure of the network in terms of its associated flow dynamics. Surprisingly, the partition identified has five modules, whose two-dimensional geographical projections are all simply-connected domains. We proceed with the analysis of traded products by building bipartite structures represented in terms of adjacency matrices between municipalities and products, considering selling and buying. Using the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) concept, we define a non-monetary and binary activity index that can distinguish the RCA of a city in a class of goods or services as evidenced by trade flows. Finally, through the pairwise Maximum Entropy Model, we can associate to the largest communities their corresponding binary Ising-like Hamiltonian models. In an analogy with critical phenomena, our results reveal that each community operates at a "temperature" that is close to the corresponding "critical point", suggesting a high degree of "economic cohesiveness" in its trade network of cities., Comment: 29 pages, 10 figures

With high equilibrium temperatures and tidally locked rotation, ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) are unique laboratories within which to probe extreme atmospheric physics and chemistry. In this paper, we present high-resolution dayside spectroscopy of the UHJ WASP-189b obtained with the new Gemini High-resolution Optical SpecTrograph (GHOST) at the Gemini South Observatory. The observations, which cover three hours of post-eclipse orbital phases, were obtained during the instrument's System Verification run. We detect the planet's atmosphere via the Doppler cross-correlation technique, and recover a detection of neutral iron in the planet's dayside atmosphere at a significance of 7.5$\sigma$ in the red-arm of the data, verifying the presence of a thermal inversion. We also investigate the presence of other species in the atmosphere and discuss the implications of model injection/recovery tests. These results represent the first atmospheric characterization of an exoplanet with GHOST's high-resolution mode, and demonstrate the potential of this new instrument in detecting and studying ultra-hot exoplanet atmospheres., Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal

Accurate identification, localization, and segregation of teeth from Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images are essential for analyzing dental pathologies. Modeling an individual tooth can be challenging and intricate to accomplish, especially when fillings and other restorations introduce artifacts. This paper proposes a method for automatically detecting, identifying, and extracting teeth from CBCT images. Our approach involves dividing the three-dimensional images into axial slices for image detection. Teeth are pinpointed and labeled using a single-stage object detector. Subsequently, bounding boxes are delineated and identified to create three-dimensional representations of each tooth. The proposed solution has been successfully integrated into the dental analysis tool Dentomo., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables

In this work, we study a continued fractions theory for the topological completion of the field of Puiseux series. As usual, we prove that any element in the completion can be developed as a unique continued fractions, whose coefficients are polynomials in roots of the variable, and that this approximation is the best ''rational'' Diophantine approximation of such element. Then, we interpret the preceding result in terms of the action of a suitable arithmetic subgroup of the special linear group on the Berkovich space defined over the said completion. We also explore the connections between points of type IV of the Berkovich space in terms of some ''non-convergent'' or ''undefined'' continued fractions, in a sense that we make precise in the text., Comment: Comments are welcome

We present in this paper an analysis of near-infrared observations of the 0.3-Msun protostar V347 Aur collected with the SPIRou high-resolution spectropolarimeter and velocimeter at the 3.6-m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope from October 2019 to April 2023. From a set of 79 unpolarized and circularly polarized spectra of V347 Aur to which we applied Least-Squares Deconvolution (LSD), we derived radial velocities and longitudinal fields, along with their temporal variations over our monitoring campaign of 1258 d. Our data show that V347 Aur is an eccentric binary system with an orbital period 154.6$\pm$0.7 d, experiencing strong to extreme accretion events near periastron. The companion is a 29.0$\pm$1.6-Mjup brown dwarf, a rare member of the brown dwarf desert of close companions around M dwarfs. We detect weak longitudinal fields (<100 G) at the surface of V347 Aur, significantly weaker than those of more evolved prototypical T Tauri stars. These fields show small-amplitude rotational modulation, indicating a mainly axisymmetric parent large-scale magnetic topology, and larger fluctuations at half the orbital period, suggesting that what we dub a ``pulsed dynamo'' triggered by orbital motion and pulsed accretion operates in V347 Aur. Applying Zeeman-Doppler imaging to our circularly polarised LSD profiles, we find that the large-scale field of V347 Aur is mainly toroidal for most of our observations, with the toroidal component switching sign near periastron and apoastron. The weak large-scale dipole (~30 G) is not able to disrupt the disc beyond 1.3 Rstar even at the lowest accretion rates, implying longitudinally distributed (rather than localized) accretion at the surface of the protostar., Comment: MNRAS in press (18 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables)

Meeting the ever-growing needs of the power grid requires constant infrastructure enhancement. There are two important aspects for a grid ability to ensure continuous and reliable electricity delivery to consumers: capacity, the maximum amount the system can handle, and transmission, the infrastructure necessary to deliver electricity across the network. These capacity and transmission costs are then allocated to the end-users according to the cost causation principle. These charges are computed based on the customer demand on coincident peak (CP) events, time intervals when the system-wide electric load is highest. We tackle the problem of predicting CP events based on actual load and forecast data on the load of different jurisdictions. In particular, we identify two main use cases depending on the availability of a forecast. Our approach generates scenarios and formulates Monte-Carlo estimators for predicting CP-day and exact CP-hour events. Finally, we backtest the prediction performance of strategies with adaptive threshold for the prediction task. This analysis enables us to derive practical implications for load curtailment through Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) solutions., Comment: 24 pages, 17 figures, 7 tables

This paper considers discounted infinite horizon mean field games by extending the probabilistic weak formulation of the game as introduced by Carmona and Lacker (2015). Under similar assumptions as in the finite horizon game, we prove existence and uniqueness of solutions for the extended infinite horizon game. The key idea is to construct local versions of the previously considered stable topologies. Further, we analyze how sequences of finite horizon games approximate the infinite horizon one. Under a weakened Lasry-Lions monotonicity condition, we can quantify the convergence rate of solutions for the finite horizon games to the one for the infinite horizon game using a novel stability result for mean field games. Lastly, applying our results allows to solve the invariant mean field game as well., Comment: 53 pages

We report the discovery of two new exoplanet systems around fully convective stars, found from the radial-velocity (RV) variations of their host stars measured with the nIR spectropolarimeter CFHT/SPIRou over multiple years. GJ 3378 b is a planet with minimum mass of $5.26^{+0.94}_{-0.97}$ Mearth in an eccentric 24.73-day orbit around an M4V star of 0.26 Msun. GJ 1289 b has a minimum mass of $6.27\pm1.25$ Mearth in a 111.74-day orbit, in a circular orbit around an M4.5V star of mass 0.21 Msun. Both stars are in the solar neighbourhood, at respectively 7.73 and 8.86 pc. The low-amplitude RV signals are detected after line-by-line post-processing treatment. These potential sub-Neptune class planets around cool stars may have temperate atmospheres and be interesting nearby systems for further studies. We also recovered the large-scale magnetic field of both stars, found to be mostly axisymmetric and dipolar, and with a polar strength of 20-30 G and 200-240 G for GJ 3378 (in 2019-21) and GJ 1289 (in 2022-23), respectively. The rotation periods measured with the magnetic field differ from the orbital periods, and in general, stellar activity is not seen in the studied nIR RV time series of both stars. GJ 3378 b detection is not confirmed by optical RVs and is therefore considered a candidate at this point., Comment: accepted in A&A

For several years, the metastable helium triplet line has been successfully used as a tracer to probe atmospheric escape in transiting exoplanets. This absorption in the near-infrared (1083.3 nm) can be observed from the ground using high-resolution spectroscopy, providing new constraints on the mass-loss rate and the temperature characterizing the upper atmosphere of close-in exoplanets. The aim of this work is to search for the He triplet signature in 15 transiting exoplanets -- ranging from super-Earths to ultrahot Jupiters -- observed with SPIRou, a high-resolution (R~70 000) near-infrared spectropolarimeter at the CFHT, in order to bring new constraints or to improve existing ones regarding atmospheric escape through a homogeneous study. We developed a full data processing and analysis pipeline to correct for the residual telluric and stellar contributions. We then used two different 1D models based on the Parker-wind equations and nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) radiative transfer to interpret the observational results. We confirm published He triplet detections for HAT-P-11 b, HD 189733 b, and WASP-69 b. We tentatively detect the signature of escaping He in HD 209458 b, GJ 3470 b, and WASP-76 b. We report new constraints on the mass-loss rate and temperature for our three detections and set upper limits for the tentative and nondetections. We notably report improved constraints on the mass-loss rate and temperature of the escaping gas for TOI-1807 b, and report a nondetection for the debated atmospheric escape in GJ 1214 b. We also conducted the first search for the He signature in GJ 486 b since its discovery and report a nondetection of the He triplet. Finally, we studied the impact of important model assumptions on our retrieved parameters, notably the limitations of 1D models and the influence of the H/He ratio on the derived constraints., Comment: 33 pages, 14 figures

The Near-InfraRed Planet Searcher or NIRPS is a precision radial velocity spectrograph developed through collaborative efforts among laboratories in Switzerland, Canada, Brazil, France, Portugal and Spain. NIRPS extends to the 0.98-1.8 $\mu$m domain of the pioneering HARPS instrument at the La Silla 3.6-m telescope in Chile and it has achieved unparalleled precision, measuring stellar radial velocities in the infrared with accuracy better than 1 m/s. NIRPS can be used either stand-alone or simultaneously with HARPS. Commissioned in late 2022 and early 2023, NIRPS embarked on a 5-year Guaranteed Time Observation (GTO) program in April 2023, spanning 720 observing nights. This program focuses on planetary systems around M dwarfs, encompassing both the immediate solar vicinity and transit follow-ups, alongside transit and emission spectroscopy observations. We highlight NIRPS's current performances and the insights gained during its deployment at the telescope. The lessons learned and successes achieved contribute to the ongoing advancement of precision radial velocity measurements and high spectral fidelity, further solidifying NIRPS' role in the forefront of the field of exoplanets., Comment: Proceeding at the SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation conference [Yokohama,Japan; June 2024]

The AEFishBIT tri-axial accelerometer was externally attached to the operculum to assess the divergent activity and respiratory patterns of two marine farmed fish, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Analysis of raw data from exercised fish highlighted the large amplitude of operculum aperture and body tail movements in European sea bass, which were overall more stable at low-medium exercise intensity levels. Cosinor analysis in free-swimming fish (on-board data processing) highlighted a pronounced daily rhythmicity of locomotor activity and respiratory frequency in both gilthead sea bream and European sea bass. Acrophases of activity and respiration were coupled in gilthead sea bream, acting feeding time (once daily at 11:00 h) as a main synchronizing factor. By contrast, locomotor activity and respiratory frequency were out of phase in European sea bass with activity acrophase on early morning and respiration acrophase on the afternoon. The daily range of activity and respiration variation was also higher in European sea bass, probably as part of the adaptation of this fish species to act as a fast swimming predator. In any case, lower locomotor activity and enhanced respiration were associated with larger body weight in both fish species. This agrees with the notion that selection for fast growth in farming conditions is accompanied by a lower activity profile, which may favor an efficient feed conversion for growth purposes. Therefore, the use of behavioral monitoring is becoming a reliable and large-scale promising tool for selecting more efficient farmed fish, allowing researchers and farmers to establish stricter criteria of welfare for more sustainable and ethical fish production.

Planets orbiting binary systems are relatively unexplored compared to those around single stars. Detections of circumbinary planets and planetary systems offer a first detailed view into our understanding of circumbinary planet formation and dynamical evolution. The BEBOP (Binaries Escorted by Orbiting Planets) radial velocity survey plays a special role in this adventure as it focuses on eclipsing single-lined binaries with an FGK dwarf primary and M dwarf secondary allowing for the highest-radial velocity precision using the HARPS and SOPHIE spectrographs. We obtained 4512 high-resolution spectra for the 179 targets in the BEBOP survey which we used to derive the stellar atmospheric parameters using both equivalent widths and spectral synthesis. We furthermore derive stellar masses, radii, and ages for all targets. With this work, we present the first homogeneous catalogue of precise stellar parameters for these eclipsing single-lined binaries., Comment: accepted for publication in MNRAS

Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) may interact with a virtual pion that is exchanged between nucleons. This interaction channel is important to consider in models where the spin-independent isoscalar channel is suppressed. Using data from the first science run of the LUX-ZEPLIN dark matter experiment, containing 60 live days of data in a 5.5~tonne fiducial mass of liquid xenon, we report the results on a search for WIMP-pion interactions. We observe no significant excess and set an upper limit of $1.5\times10^{-46}$~cm$^2$ at a 90\% confidence level for a WIMP mass of 33~GeV/c$^2$ for this interaction.

We observe that an enriched right adjoint functor between model categories which preserves acyclic fibrations and fibrant objects is quite generically a right Quillen functor., Comment: Comments are welcome!

The main science aim of the BlackGEM array is to detect optical counterparts to gravitational wave mergers. Additionally, the array will perform a set of synoptic surveys to detect Local Universe transients and short time-scale variability in stars and binaries, as well as a six-filter all-sky survey down to ~22nd mag. The BlackGEM Phase-I array consists of three optical wide-field unit telescopes. Each unit uses an f/5.5 modified Dall-Kirkham (Harmer-Wynne) design with a triplet corrector lens, and a 65cm primary mirror, coupled with a 110Mpix CCD detector, that provides an instantaneous field-of-view of 2.7~square degrees, sampled at 0.564\arcsec/pixel. The total field-of-view for the array is 8.2 square degrees. Each telescope is equipped with a six-slot filter wheel containing an optimised Sloan set (BG-u, BG-g, BG-r, BG-i, BG-z) and a wider-band 440-720 nm (BG-q) filter. Each unit telescope is independent from the others. Cloud-based data processing is done in real time, and includes a transient-detection routine as well as a full-source optimal-photometry module. BlackGEM has been installed at the ESO La Silla observatory as of October 2019. After a prolonged COVID-19 hiatus, science operations started on April 1, 2023 and will run for five years. Aside from its core scientific program, BlackGEM will give rise to a multitude of additional science cases in multi-colour time-domain astronomy, to the benefit of a variety of topics in astrophysics, such as infant supernovae, luminous red novae, asteroseismology of post-main-sequence objects, (ultracompact) binary stars, and the relation between gravitational wave counterparts and other classes of transients, Comment: Submitted to PASP

Script identification plays a vital role in applications that involve handwriting and document analysis within a multi-script and multi-lingual environment. Moreover, it exhibits a profound connection with human cognition. This paper provides a new database for benchmarking script identification algorithms, which contains both printed and handwritten documents collected from a wide variety of scripts, such as Arabic, Bengali (Bangla), Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Devanagari, Japanese, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Roman, Tamil, Telugu, and Thai. The dataset consists of 1,135 documents scanned from local newspaper and handwritten letters as well as notes from different native writers. Further, these documents are segmented into lines and words, comprising a total of 13,979 and 86,655 lines and words, respectively, in the dataset. Easy-to-go benchmarks are proposed with handcrafted and deep learning methods. The benchmark includes results at the document, line, and word levels with printed and handwritten documents. Results of script identification independent of the document/line/word level and independent of the printed/handwritten letters are also given. The new multi-lingual database is expected to create new script identifiers, present various challenges, including identifying handwritten and printed samples and serve as a foundation for future research in script identification based on the reported results of the three benchmarks.

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most incisive illnesses among the neurodegenerative ones, and it causes a progressive decline in cognitive abilities that, in the worst cases, becomes severe enough to interfere with daily life. Currently, there is no cure, so an early diagnosis is strongly needed to try and slow its progression through medical treatments. Handwriting analysis is considered a potential tool for detecting and understanding certain neurological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease. While handwriting analysis alone cannot provide a definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's, it may offer some insights and be used for a comprehensive assessment. The Sigma-lognormal model is conceived for movement analysis and can also be applied to handwriting. This model returns a set of lognormal parameters as output, which forms the basis for the computation of novel and significant features. This paper presents a machine learning approach applied to handwriting features extracted through the sigma-lognormal model. The aim is to develop a support system to help doctors in the diagnosis and study of Alzheimer, evaluate the effectiveness of the extracted features and finally study the relation among them.

Lameness is one of the costliest pathological problems affecting dairy animals. It is usually assessed by trained veterinary clinicians who observe features such as gait symmetry or gait parameters as step counts in real-time. With the development of artificial intelligence, various modular systems have been proposed to minimize subjectivity in lameness assessment. However, the major limitation in their development is the unavailability of a public dataset which is currently either commercial or privately held. To tackle this limitation, we have introduced CowScreeningDB which was created using sensory data. This dataset was sourced from 43 cows at a dairy located in Gran Canaria, Spain. It consists of a multi-sensor dataset built on data collected using an Apple Watch 6 during the normal daily routine of a dairy cow. Thanks to the collection environment, sampling technique, information regarding the sensors, the applications used for data conversion and storage make the dataset a transparent one. This transparency of data can thus be used for further development of techniques for lameness detection for dairy cows which can be objectively compared. Aside from the public sharing of the dataset, we have also shared a machine-learning technique which classifies the caws in healthy and lame by using the raw sensory data. Hence validating the major objective which is to establish the relationship between sensor data and lameness.

The Data Acquisition System (DAQ) for the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter detector is described. The signals from 745 PMTs, distributed across three subsystems, are sampled with 100-MHz 32-channel digitizers (DDC-32s). A basic waveform analysis is carried out on the on-board Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to extract information about the observed scintillation and electroluminescence signals. This information is used to determine if the digitized waveforms should be preserved for offline analysis. The system is designed around the Kintex-7 FPGA. In addition to digitizing the PMT signals and providing basic event selection in real time, the flexibility provided by the use of FPGAs allows us to monitor the performance of the detector and the DAQ in parallel to normal data acquisition. The hardware and software/firmware of this FPGA-based Architecture for Data acquisition and Realtime monitoring (FADR) are discussed and performance measurements are described., Comment: 18 pages, 24 figures

Sensors and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have revolutionized the analysis of human movement, but the scarcity of specific samples presents a significant challenge in training intelligent systems, particularly in the context of diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing robot-collected data to train classification systems traditionally trained with human-collected data. As a proof of concept, we recorded a database of numeric characters using an ABB robotic arm and an Apple Watch. We compare the classification performance of the trained systems using both human-recorded and robot-recorded data. Our primary objective is to determine the potential for accurate identification of human numeric characters wearing a smartwatch using robotic movement as training data. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the feasibility of using robot-collected data for training classification systems. This research holds broad implications across various domains that require reliable identification, particularly in scenarios where access to human-specific data is limited.

LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a tonne-scale experiment searching for direct dark matter interactions and other rare events. It is located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, USA. The core of the LZ detector is a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC), designed with the primary goal of detecting Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) via their induced low energy nuclear recoils. Surrounding the TPC, two veto detectors immersed in an ultra-pure water tank enable reducing background events to enhance the discovery potential. Intricate calibration systems are purposely designed to precisely understand the responses of these three detector volumes to various types of particle interactions and to demonstrate LZ's ability to discriminate between signals and backgrounds. In this paper, we present a comprehensive discussion of the key features, requirements, and performance of the LZ calibration systems, which play a crucial role in enabling LZ's WIMP-search and its broad science program. The thorough description of these calibration systems, with an emphasis on their novel aspects, is valuable for future calibration efforts in direct dark matter and other rare-event search experiments.