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Screening programs using Papanicolaou smear along with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing led to a significantly decrease of cervical cancer rates. Nevertheless, both assessments have limited specificity for revealing cervical high-grade lesions. The main problem is how to identify the real precursor of cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), namely high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL).The aim of our study was to conclude if ProEx C might be used as a marker for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).In this study, we detected the immunochemical expression of anti-ProEx C antibody in liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples. We analyzed a total number of 125 cervical cytology specimens.In 48% of all cases, ProEx C was found to be positive. The percentage increased from 0% in negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) cases to 100% in SCC cases.ProEx C may be utilized to improve the accuracy of cytological diagnosis on cervical smears, according to the findings of this study. This marker is also useful in detecting unrevealed high-grade lesions on atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) smears, being very useful in establishing the conduct of these cases.

Hemophilia is a hereditary coagulopathy caused by factor VIII (hemophilia type A) or by coagulation factor IX (hemophilia type B) dysfunction, characterized by an increased bleeding predisposition, which is either spontaneous or secondary to minimal trauma. Currently, hemophilia may also be considered an 'orthopedic' condition, due to the fact that it affects the musculoskeletal system of most hemophilic patients. In recent years, constant prophylaxis using coagulation factors has led to a significant improvement in the hemophilic patient's quality of life, by reducing both life-threatening hemorrhagic phenomena, as well as the occurrence of chronic complications. Nevertheless, progressive joint bleeding remains unavoidable in this category of patients, and the onset of chronic arthropathy with secondary motor deficiency remains the main complication with an invalidating character. In such cases, orthopedic management is imperative; osteoarticular complications being managed most often with the help of conservative or surgical techniques. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of modern orthopedic practices which are useful in the management of hemophilic patients suffering from osteoarticular disorders.

Background and Objectives: Considering atherosclerosis as one of the more challenging threats to healthcare worldwide, any novel therapy that counteracts the risks for developing it, provides new opportunities for the management of this process. Material and methods: We performed an experimental research in which we induced a hypercholesterolemia via a cholesterol-rich diet. Our aim was to demonstrate the antiatherogenic potential of two essential amino acids (valine and leucine). The experimental study was carried out over a period of 60 days. Male Wistar rats weighing between 250–280 g were used and divided into 4 groups, each group including 8 animals. Group I—control was fed with a standard diet. Group II received cholesterol, group III cholesterol and valine and group IV cholesterol and leucine. Blood samples were collected from the retro-orbital plexus, under anesthesia with 75 mg/kg of intraperitoneal ketamine, in three different moments (R0—1st day, R1—the 30th day, R2—the 60th day) in order to measure the levels of triglycerides. Results: In R0, there were no significant differences between the average levels of triglycerides across all the groups (p &lt, 0.05). Compared to the group I, in R1 and R2, the average levels of triglycerides were significantly higher in all groups (p &lt, 0.001). Also, in R1 and R2, the average triglycerides in group II receiving cholesterol (C) were significantly higher than those in group III receiving valine (C + V) as well as in group IV receiving leucine (C + L) (p &lt, 0.001, p &lt, 0.05). In R2, the average triglycerides in group III were significantly lower than in group IV (p &lt, 0.001). Conclusions: Our data provides evidence that valine and leucine have a direct impact on the lipid metabolism parameters by lowering the level of triglycerides. The comparison of the two essential amino acids indicates that valine acts more promptly and rapidly than leucine.

The amounts of flammable gases formed in some transformer oils during the long-term storage (1000 hours) at 110 � 3�C in closed containers (limited access to atmospheric oxygen) were determined qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography technique. The comparative experimental results showed that when two types of mineral oils, one synthetic oil and two types of vegetable oils are in simultaneously contact with copper and insulating paper, the total amount of flammable gases formed by thermal aging is about 40 times higher in the mineral oils than in the ester based oils. It has also been established that the electrical-use copper foil catalyses the formation processes of the flammable gases, the maximum effect being for the mineral oils (an increase of 8 times of ethane and 25 times for methane gases). It has further been observed that the contact with the insulating paper during the thermal treatment of the ester based oils does not influence the formation of flammable gases, compared with the mineral oils where the amount of the formed gases is doubled.

ATR / FTIR and DSC techniques have been used to evaluate the thermal stability of some ageing paint materials by heat treatment while immersion in natural ester-based electro-insulating oil. Experimental determinations have highlighted the fact that the investigated paint materials (epoxy resins) have a high oxygen affinity and thus, in closed systems (such as power transformers), they oxidize before coming into contact with the transformer oil. This behavior indicates that the paint layer (suitably chosen) applied on the inside of the transformer vat functions as an antioxidant and results in increasing the thermal stability of the oil.

For the purpose of using three different types of painting materials for the inner protection of the transformer vats, their behavior was studied under actual conditions of operation in the transformer (thermal stress in electro-insulating fluid based on the natural ester in contact with copper for electro-technical use and electro-insulating paper). By comparing determination of the content in furans products (HPLC technique) and gases formed (by gas-chromatography) in the electro-insulating fluid (natural ester with high oleic content) thermally aged at 130 �C to 1000 hours in closed glass vessels, it have been found that the presence the investigated painting materials lead to a change in the mechanism and kinetics of the thermo-oxidation processes. These changes are supported by oxygen dissolved in oil, what leads to decrease both to gases formation CO2, CO, H2, CH4, C2H4 and C2H6) and furans products (5-HMF, 2-FOL, 2 -FAL and 2-ACF). The painting materials investigated during the heat treatment applied did not suffer any remarkable structural changes affecting their functionality in the electro-insulating fluid based on vegetable esters.

This paper describes the evaluation of the aging process of some polymeric painting materials subjected to a thermal treatment in electro insulating fluids, based on natural esters (vegetable oils). The paint layers surface morphology was comparatively characterized by FESEM technique, prior to the exposure, and after 1000 h of exposure to vegetable oil, heated at 130oC. The results show a substantial increase in the pulling resistances for all the painting materials subjected to this investigation, especially in the presence of the Kraft insulating paper and copper foil (inserted compulsory to emulate the actual working environment), due to an increase in the painting material adhesion, as well as an increase of the tensile strength of the paint layer. These findings may open new theoretical and practical research prospects, particularly in the field of preliminary treatments for materials used for heavy duty industrial transformers.

The durability and safe operation of electrical equipment and devices with mixed insulation systems (solid/fluid - electro-insulating paper/oil) is determined by the insulation aging under simultaneous and synergic actions of electrical, thermal and chemical stress factors etc. In this context, degradations of insulating paper exposed to thermal aging in 5 different types of electro-insulating fluid have been studied experimentally. Liquid chromatography determinations have shown that the total content in furan products (resulting from cellulose degradation) in mineral oils is substantially higher than in electro-insulating fluid sorts based on of synthetic ester and/or natural ester (vegetable oil). This is due to the temperature between 90 oC and 130 oC when the activation energy of the furans formation process is up to 7.5 times lower in mineral oils than in ester-based oils. Degree determinations of cellulose polymerization (viscosimetric method) before and after exposure to heat treatment indicated that mineral oils degrade the electro-insulating paper much more strongly than ester-based oils (both synthetic and natural). Obtained results by liquid chromatography and by viscosity are in accordance with the images obtained by optical microscopy (at X 100).

The behaviour of copper and insulation paper in various electrical insulating fluids (transformer oils) exposed to thermal ageing at 110�30C for 1000 hours in closed vessels (without access to atmospheric oxygen) has been studied. The processing of the comparative experimental data revealed in all cases that the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the investigated oils decreases exponentially during the heat treatment. In the presence of the copper foil, the oxygen is almost depleted (the dissolved oxygen concentration is approaching zero), indicating a higher affinity of the copper to oxygen than the affinity to oxygen of the investigated oils. In the presence of the copper foil and / or of the insulation paper, the degradation processes of the mineral oils have a pronounced character, explained by the catalytic activity of the Cu2O film that has been formed and by the paper degradation, respectively. A high thermo-oxidative stability was noticed in the case of natural triglyceride oils, particularly for the synthetic ester-based oil.

The behaviour of some insulating fluids in contact with copper foil and / or insulation paper under thermal stress (110�30C for 1000 hours), in a closed system (the access of atmospheric oxygen being limited), has been studied by determining the changes in viscosity and concentration of CO2 and CO. The experimental data revealed that, following the applied heat treatment, the change in viscosity of the esters-based insulating fluids (both synthetic and vegetable) is approximately 7 times lower than in the case of the investigated mineral oils. It has also been found that, following the thermal ageing, the gas content of the mineral oils is substantially higher than in the esters-based oils (8 times higher for CO2 and 4 times higher for CO, respectively). The experimental results indicate superior values for the thermal stability and compatibility with the insulation paper of ester-based insulating fluids.

Struma ovarii is a rare condition with scarce published data regarding clinical, morphological, and therapeutic approaches. This study reports the experience of 25 patients with struma ovarii who received surgical treatment in a gynecology department in Romania. The study was conducted from January 1999 to September 2021 and included patients with confirmed struma ovarii whose medical records were retrospectively reviewed and evaluated. Struma ovarii represented 2.8% of the total number of benign ovarian tumors treated by surgery. The age of the patients was between 24 and 71 years. The tumor was unilateral in 24 cases, 13 cases on the left ovary, 11 on the right side, and bilateral in 1 case. Tumor dimensions ranged between 1 cm and 20 cm. In two cases, the patients had symptoms of hyperthyroidism. The procedure was performed on four women for diagnoses other than an ovarian tumor. In another five situations, there was suspicion of ovarian malignancy. In addition, struma ovarii was associated with other clinical conditions in 22 cases. These lesions represent a diagnostic challenge with heterogeneous clinical and imaging manifestations. Complete information of clinical, morphologic, and surgical findings may improve the diagnostic algorithm and better predict patient outcomes.

Introduction: Romania has the highest incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer in Europe. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) genotypes and to evaluate the role of certain socio-behavioral factors in acquiring viral infection, in a cohort of Romanian women with negative Pap. Methodology: In a prevalence study 611 women (aged 17-58 years) with negative Pap, with no known history of atypical cytology and valid HPV test were included. Each participant completed a questionnaire containing data on socio-behavioral factors. From 344 women aged between 30-58 years, 63 were randomly selected for a second examination (conventional cytology and HPV detection and genotyping) after twelve months. Results: Of the 611 women, 19.80% were HPV positive, 14.73% infected with hrHPV. Differences in the prevalence of hrHPV (17.60% versus 12.50%) as single (13.01% vs 9.01%) and multiple infections (9.71% vs 3.49%) were noted between women under the age of 30 and above. Among socio-behavioral factors, marital status and multiple sexual partners correlate with HPV and hrHPV infection. At follow-up, from 34 HPV negative cases, 10 changed to positive (5 hrHPV), while 2 developed abnormal cytology. Out of the 29 HPV positive cases, 12 cleared the HPV infection and 17 retested positive of which 4 worsened their cytology. Conclusions: In Romania, HPV infection is common in women with negative cytology. HPV genotyping is of epidemiological importance because the distribution of hrHPV types can determine the impact of prophylactic vaccines and the necessity of HPV testing as screening method.

Ovarian malignant germ cell tumors (OMGCT) represent less than 10% of all ovarian tumors. Dysgerminoma is the most common malignant primitive germ cell tumor in young women, known for its curability and low propensity to invade and metastasize when diagnosed early. Herein, we report an unusual type of ovarian dysgerminoma (OD) metastasis with a brief review of the literature, lacking similar reported cases. To our knowledge, although there are several case reports of dysgerminoma metastases with variable anatomic location and presentation, vaginal metastasis has not been previously described. The local or systemic relapse together with local and distant metastasis is considered as an independent predictor of poor survival in patients with OD. In light of the absence of mutations status, our patient successfully responded to therapy. Currently, the patient remains in clinical remission. A specific follow-up plan is ongoing knowing that ovarian dysgerminomas tend to recur most often in the first 2–3 years after treatment.

Objective: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the endothelial-mediated disorders within atherosclerosis. Considering that an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance might be a key factor in the damaging ROS-mediated effects, the present study intends to determine the influence of a high-fat diet, associated with essential amino acids—valine and leucine, upon the experimental animals, through evaluation of plasmatic level of some antioxidant enzymes. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 32 male Wistar rats, which were fed with cholesterol, valine and leucine, for 60 days. The animals were divided into four groups, according to the received diet: the first group—standard diet; the second group—cholesterol (C); the third group—cholesterol and valine (C + V); the fourth group—cholesterol and leucine (C + L). Evaluations of the oxidative status, through plasma levels of the antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidise (GPx), were made for the four mentioned groups of animals, at the beginning of the study (R0), after one (R1) and two months (R2). Results: The average values of SOD and GPx in group of animals fed exclusively with cholesterol (C) were significantly higher compared to the third group where cholesterol was supplemented with valine (C + V) or fourth group fed with cholesterol and leucine (C + L) (p < 0.001), after one month as well at the end of the experiment (two months). There were no significant differences in the levels of SOD and GPx between group III and group IV (p < 0.05) at the end of the experiment. Conclusion: Our results showed that valine and leucine decreased the serum levels of SOD and GPx and therefore they were useful antioxidants, which could improve the endothelial dysfunctions associated with atherosclerosis. Moreover, analysis of the oxidative status in the context of atherosclerotic mediated endothelial damage suggests that deviation from normal to alter endothelial status may be conditioned by an oxidants/antioxidants imbalance.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms and MTHFR methylation pattern in cervical lesions development among women from Romania, a country with high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical infections. To achieve this goal, blood samples and cervical cytology specimens (n = 77)/tumour tissue specimens (n = 23) were investigated. As control, blood and negative cytological smears (n = 50) were used. A statistically significant association was found between T allele of C677T polymorphism and cervical lesions, heterozygote women presenting a threefold increased risk (normal/cervical lesions and tumours: wild homozygote 34/41 (0.68/0.41), heterozygote 14/51 (0.28/0.51), mutant homozygote 2/8 (0.04/0.08); OR = 3.081, P = 0.0035). Using χ square test for the control group, the HPV-negative and HPV-positive patients with cervix lesions, a significant correlation between viral infection and T allele of C677T polymorphism (P = 0.0287) was found. The MTHFR promoter was methylated in all HGSIL and tumour samples, significant differences being noted between HPV-positive samples, control group and cases of cervical dysplastic lesions without HPV DNA (P < 0. 0001) and between samples from patients with high-risk (hr)HPV versus low-risk (lr)HPV (P = 0.0026). No correlations between polymorphisms and methylation were observed. In Romania, individuals carrying T allele are susceptible for cervical lesions. MTHFR promoter methylation is associated with cervical severity lesions and with hrHPV.

The incidence of cardiac sarcoidosis is more then 5% from the patients with chronic sarcoidosis and the survival is between 2 and 5 years. The diagnosis must be precocious and the treatment aggressive for increasing life expectancy. We describe the case of a 72 years old male with pulmonary and lymph node sarcoidosis which required surgical intervention. The histological examination revealed non caseous granulomatous inflammation in the mediastinal nodes and epithelioid cardiac granulomas without myocyte necrosis. Six month later the patient developed progressive heart failure and after one year the cardiac examination revealed multiple cardiac lesions. The diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis is often difficult to confirm when the cardiac dysfunction is the only sign because of the lack of specific diagnosis tests. A diagnosis guide that includes histological and clinic criteria. The diagnosis must be sustained by invasive and non-invasive methods. Cardiac sarcoidosis remains a challenge by the unforeseeable evolution to death. Sudden death is common in cardiac sarcoidosis, often noiseless clinically.

To retrospectively analyze the epidemiological, clinical and pathological data of parotid tumors.Reassessment of the histologic diagnosis of parotid tumor in the patients admitted to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of the Iasi "Sf. Spiridon" University Emergency Hospital during 2009-2013. Data on gender, age, place of residence, location, size, surgical procedure type and histopatological type were recorded.The risk of developing pleomorphic adenonma is 7.40 times higher in women and 4.08 times higher before the age of 50 years. The risk of Warthin tumor is 16.47 times higher in male patients and 3.58 times higher in urban patients. People older than 50 years have a 7.14 times higher risk of developing malignancy and rural people have a 2.41 times higher risk of developing cancer. Diabetes, obesity and systemic hypertension were not important risk factors in our study.According to this study age and the place of residence could be important predictors for parotid gland tumors. Since in Romania there are few epidemiological data regarding the parotid gland pathology, further cohort studies are needed for a better understanding of their clinical and pathological behavior.

We assessed a treatment plan of local therapy (resection and placement of permanent low dose-rate I-125 seeds) without whole brain irradiation in 15 patients with solitary brain metastasis (SBM) from primary non-small cell lung cancer between January, 1991 and May, 1996. Thirteen lesions were confirmed as solitary by MRI scan, and 2 patients had CT scan only.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonize gastric mucosa causing both inflammatory changes, premalignant lesions and malignant tumors, including gastric lymphoma and carcinoma. In this study, our propose was to evaluate the histopathological changes corellated with immunohistochemical results demonstrating the types of cellular infiltration and proliferative activity of gastric mucosa infected with H. pylori.Gastric endoscopic examinations was performed in 468 patients with anti-H. pylori antibodies and dispeptic phenomena. Snippets harvested endobiopsic stomach were fixed in formalin and processed by paraffine inclusion. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosine and Giemsa. In 65 cases of endobiopsic fragments (36 deep chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, glandular atrophy and intraepithelial neoplasia and 29 carcinomas) immunohistochemical reactions were performed by applying reagents for evidence of H. pylori colonies, of T lymphocytes (CD3) and macrophages (CD68) and Ki-67 reagent for proliferating nuclear antigen labelling.Endobiopsic specimen found in all H. pylori or by Giemsa staining or by anti-H. pylori antibodies when they were in small numbers. Histologically, were diagnosed : 463 superficial and deep chronic gastritis associated with premalignant lesions, 29 carcinomas, 2 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and an adematous polyp. Immunohistochemically, inflammatory infiltrate consisted of numerous T lymphocytes, macrophages and lymphoid follicles. Foveolar cell nuclei, in areas of intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinomatous cells were intensely stained with Ki-67, demonstrating increased proliferation.In gastric infection with H. pylori, inflammatory infiltrat is composed of abundant macrophages and T lymphocytes. Ki-67 was absent or minimal in chronic gastritis, while in areas of intraepithelial neoplasia was positive in both foveolar and coating epithelium. Anti-H. pylori antibodies in human serum remains one of the simplest methods to detect H. pylori, therefore it plays an important role in practice. Medical eradication of bacteria may cancel inflammatory changes, metaplasia and proliferation of gastric mucosa and thus it prevents the cascade of carcinogenesis.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of p16INK4A and Ki-67 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and to correlate the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with these two biomarkers.Sixty patients were included in our study. All of the patient underwent colposcopy-guided biopsy to asses the grade of CIN. For the immunohistochemistry exam we used p161NK4A and Ki-67 antibody and their expression was semiquantitatively classified in 4 classes: 0, 1, 2 and 3. HPV genotyping was used to detect high-risk HPV.7 of our cases were benign (11.66%); 18 cases presented CIN1 (30%), 14 cases CIN2 (23.33%), 16 cases CIN3 (26.66%) and 5 cases invasive squamous cell carcinoma (8.33%). We observed that the expression of p16INK4A and Ki-67 were positively associated with CIN grade, p161NK4A expressions increased significantly with high-risk HPV infection. We observed a positive correlation between the expression of the p16INK4A and Ki-67.In our study, the expression of p16 and Ki-67 were positively related to the CIN grade. p16INK4A expressions of high-risk HPV specimens significantly increased more than Ki-67. Therefore, in the diagnosis of CIN and high-risk HPV infection, p16INK4A can be a useful biomarker.

Genital HPV infections are extremely common but most of them are spontaneously cleared by the host immune response. The main problem is how to identify the HPV-HR positive patients who are at risk of progressive disease.The purpose of this study was to investigate the uterine cervix lesions concerning the HPV status appreciated through the immunocytochemical expression of the L1 HPV and p16INK4a proteins.76 women who tested positive for HPV were selected from a cohort of 374 patients. In this study were detected the immunochemical expression of HPV L1 capsid protein and p16INK4a in LBC samples.The p16INK4a positive rate was expressed in 56.57% of all the cases. The percentage grew from 0% in NILM cases to 100% in SCCs cases (p-value0.00001). The HPV L1 capsid protein positive was expressed in 12.50% of NILM cases, 33.33% of ASC-US, 50% of LSIL, 18.51% of HSILs cases, but 0% in the SCC group (p-value = 0.01). The L1-/p16+ pattern was found in 21.87% of LSIL, 81.48% of HSIL, and 100% of SCC cases (p-value0.00001). The association of these two markers (L1 and p16INK4a) raises the accuracy of the diagnostic from 64% for HPV L1 capsid protein and respectively 87% for p16INK4a to 91% when they are associated.The combination of L1 capsid protein and p16 appears to be useful for an early diagnosis and may be able to identify the patients with risk of lesion progression.

Cervical cancer remains one of the most important mortality causes worldwide. It is already known that high risk HPV (HR-HPV) has the main role in the development of pre- or cancerous lesions. Despite the fact that many studies focused on the HR-HPV viral loads as possible biomarkers, the viral load quantification utility for all HR-HPV genotypes is still a controversy. The purpose of our study was to determine if HPV16 and 18 viral load values might be a potential marker for HPV infection clearance versus of pre- and cancerous lesions development.80 women who tested positive for HPV16 and 18 were selected from a cohort of 250 patients. The samples, consisting in cervical smears, were collected in transport media ESwab (Copan). The patient's average age was 36.26 years. HPV DNA detection, genotyping and viral load determination were performed twice for each patient (within one year follow-up).HPV 16 viral load was significantly higher in normal cytology samples and in HGSIL patients than in ASCUS/LGSIL (p value0.0312). HPV 18 viral load was also significantly higher in HGSIL cases than in ASCUS/LGSIL (p = 0,038). Independently of cervical cytology, HPV 18 viral load was lower (7.93 x 10(4) copies/microL) than HPV 16 viral load (5 x 10(13)) copies/microL).For HPV types 16 or 18 positive patients with LGSIL cytology the viral load might have predictive value. Our study suggested that patients with elevated viral loads are at disease risk progression and should be carefully evaluated.

We evaluated the cytopathological changes and the prognostic significance of atypical squamous metaplastic cells in cervical smears. 50 ASCUS cases were divided in two groups: 25 cases in different settings and 25 of metaplastic type. All cases were re-evaluated after 6 months and when necessary, verified by biopsy. The second cytological diagnosis was: group I--13 normal, 2 LSIL, 40 ASCUS; group II--6 normal, 2 LSIL, 2 HSIL and 15 ASCUS. The HPV was positive in 5 cases in group I and in 9 cases in group II. In ASCUS persistent cases the biopsy revealed: in group I--3 CIN 1 and 1 CIN 2 cases; in group II--1 CIN 1, 2 CIN II, 2 CIN III and one case of microinvasive carcinoma. In conclusion, atypical metaplastic cells are more frequently involved in serious cervical lesions.

The most common cutaneous carcinoma, which includes basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), accounts for approximately 90% or more of all skin malignancies. Actinic keratosis, bowenoid type of actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease or SCC in situ have been considered precursors of skin SCC. Authors present the histopathological criteria of precursors of skin SCC, variants invasive SCC and BCC. Also, one discusses about the roles of immunohistochemical staining of gene products in evidence of molecular changes in cell that might occur according to the transformation from precancerous lesions to SCC.

To evaluate the hematologic toxic reaction to external-beam radiation therapy after high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) support in patients with Hodgkin disease.A retrospective study of 30 cases of Hodgkin disease in patients who underwent high-dose carmustine, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy with PBSC support was performed. Thirteen patients underwent radiation therapy (28.8-39.0 Gy) a median of 45 days after PBSC repeat infusion.Radiation therapy was delivered as planned, without interruption, in all patients. Five patients developed thrombocytopenia (one with grade 1 thrombocytopenia; two, grade 2; and two, grade 3) and included three with progressive disease prior to radiation therapy and two with a history of prior irradiation. None developed a bleeding complication or required transfusion support. Five patients who underwent irradiation had thrombocytopenia (three with grade 1 and two with grade 2) 100 days after PBSC repeat infusion, compared with three patients (two with grade 1 and one with grade 3) who did not undergo posttransplantation irradiation. At the most recent follow-up, no patient without evidence of disease had a platelet count of less than 100 x 10(9)/L.External-beam radiation therapy was well tolerated in the posttransplantation setting in patients with Hodgkin disease. Thrombocytopenia was common but was not related to clinical complications.

Cohesion Policy is one of the tangible examples of how it should be a European policy: modern, flexible, proactive, adaptable to rapid economic and social environment changing and having a substantial contribution to achieving the Union's key policy objectives, such as the Lisbon Agenda Cohesion Policy is one of the tangible examples of how it should be a European policy: modern, flexible, proactive, adaptable to rapid economic and social environment changing and having a substantial contribution to achieving the Union's key policy objectives, such as the Lisbon Agenda. In the context of current debate on the future of cohesion policy, a reflection on this topic was initiated by the Romanian authorities, involving the most relevant institutions responsible for implementing cohesion policy in Romania and management of structural instruments. The analysis presented below reflects the first results of the consultation and reflection.