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The first purpose of this article was to identify the current methods to assess the anaerobic exercise capacity of athletes, both in the laboratory and in the field of sports competitions. The second purpose of the research was to highlight the factors that limit the ability of anaerobic effort, according to the literature in the field. We found that anaerobic capacity is still difficult to estimate and/or measure, mainly because of the laborious, invasive, and expensive research methodology. To ensure the quality and veracity of the data, strict adherence to test procedures, calibration of instruments, and increased attention to physiological measurements are recommended.

This study investigates indoor air quality in a naturally ventilated school classroom located in a university from Romania, with a focus on the following parameters: particular matter (PM2.5 and PM10), carbon dioxide(CO2), and air humidity. The purpose was to examine the effects of t o separate seminars on indoor air qualityand then compare the results with existing standards.CO2 was the only parameter that exceeded the recommended rates after two indoor activities, held in the presence of eighty students that wore protection masks, given the regulations during Covid-19 pandemic.

Puberty represents the period in which athletes go through many changes from a physical, morpho-functional and psychological point of view. Also, in the age range between 13-14 years, the training of athletes registers a gradual increase in the volume and intensity of training, which determines special attention on the methods and means used during training. This study was carried out with the aim of identifying the level of development of the motor indices directly involved in the practice of the handball game. The research methods used during this study were: the method of analyzing specialized and interdisciplinary literature, the pedagogical observation method, the statistical-mathematical method and the tabular method. Following the study, we would like to emphasize the urgent need to update the performance scales specific to the game of handball and develop unitary training models, from the perspective of the content of the training process for each age group.

Jean Vasile Andrei, Sorin Avram, Irina Băncescu, Ioan I Gâf Deac, Carmen Gheorghe National Institute for Economic Research “Costin C. Kirițescu”, Bucharest, RomaniaCorrespondence: Jean Vasile Andrei; Irina BăncescuNational Institute for Economic Research “Costin C. Kirițescu”, Calea 13 Septembrie, No. 13, Bucharest, 050711, RomaniaTel +40-7276 15540; +40-7468 74791Email andrei_jeanvasile@yahoo.com; irina_adrianna@yahoo.comPurpose: This paper studies the relationships between air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, N2O) and different diseases (tumors, skin and respiratory) and the factors influencing air pollutant emissions in Romania.Methods: The methods are Toda-Yamamoto procedure of non-causality Granger test, grey relational analysis and logarithmic mean Divisia index method (LMDI).Results: Air pollutants intensities dropped significantly over 2008– 2017 period due to structural changes. The only economic activity that showed an increase both in volume and intensity of air pollutants, despite a downward trend of farming activities output is agriculture. Technology improvements play a significant role in mitigation of PM2.5 emissions and a moderate role in mitigation of PM10 emissions. For N2O emissions technology used contributed to an increase of N2O intensities.Conclusion: Health policy makers should address the issue of technology improvements and mitigation of agriculture emissions to improve health of individuals and air quality.Keywords: pollution, habitat depreciation, respiratory diseases, technology improvement

Augmented reality (AR) is a rapidly developing technology with the potential to revolutionize various sectors of industry by integrating digital information with the real world. This paper presents an overview of the emergent trends in industrial augmented reality (IAR) over the past five years. The study utilizes a comprehensive literature review analysis of industrial studies (searched on two scientific databases: Scopus and Clarivate Web of Science) to map the evolution of IAR trends from 2018 to 2022. The results revealed ten trending topics of AR application: Industry 4.0, artificial intelligence, smart manufacturing, industrial robots, digital twin, assembly, Internet of Things, visualization, maintenance, and training. Each topic is discussed in detail, providing insight into existing applications and research trends for each application field.

Globally, ecosystems are constantly degrading as a result of pressures derived from human activities and climate change. For working towards the restoration of the natural balance, it is necessary to evaluate the deviations induced in the ecosystems, to identify where the changes took place, to know what is their amplitude and to decide where it is possible to get involved. Many aquatic ecosystems are depreciated and their restoration is often difficult. Development of appropriate assessment methodologies will improve the decision-making process in public policies for environmental protection and conservation of biodiversity. This study presents an assessment of the degradation level of lentic ecosystems in Romania, performed through a multi-criteria analysis. An extension of the WRASTIC index (Wastewater-Recreational-Agricultural-Size-Transportations-Indutrial-Cover) was generated, namely WRASTIC-HI. The new index was obtained by including values derived from the Potential Pollutant Load index. The analysis showed that 13% of the evaluated lakes are natural, 56.5% are semi-degraded and 30.5% are degraded. The proposed methodology allows to determine the spatial distribution of the degradation sources and to calculate the corresponding indicators. The results obtained provide a useful tool for diagnostic step that can be used as a cornerstone to further identification of environmental conflicts and proposals for improvement of the ecological status of the lentic ecosystems.

The crisis launched by the COVID-19 had immediate consequences in all areas of activity, including the sports world. If initially in Romania the handball matches were played without spectators, then they were stopped, the players being forced to preventively isolate themselves at their homes. The first objective of this research is to identify and analyze the Romanian Handball Federation’s decisions taken at the beginning of the pandemic and the second objective is to identify the structural differences between a normal competitive season and the competitive season affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, in Romanian handball.

Theoretical considerations from the past, new visions design for minimizing the dimensions of the distribution transformers in the national and international energy system are exposed. The magnetic field lines, core, coil, material properties are presented. New horizons must be opened to achieve the coveted transformer, the ideal transformer.

To meet the global challenges of climate change and human activity pressure on biodiversity conservation, it has become vital to map such pressure hotspots. Large areas, such as nation-wide regions, are difficult to map from the point of view of the resources needed for such mapping (human resources, hard and soft resources). European biodiversity policies have focused on restoring degraded ecosystems by at least 10% by 2020, and new policies aim to restore up to 30% of degraded ecosystems by 2030. In this study, methods developed and applied for the assessment of the degradation state of the ecosystems in a semi-automatic manner for the entire Romanian territory (238,391 km2) are presented. The following ecosystems were analyzed: forestry, grassland, rivers, lakes, caves and coastal areas. The information and data covering all the ecoregions of the Romania (~110,000 km2) were analyzed and processed, based on GIS and remote sensing techniques. The largest degraded areas were identified within the coastal area (49.80%), grassland ecosystems (38.59%) and the cave ecosystems (2.66%), while 27.64% of rivers ecosystems were degraded, followed by 8.52% of forest ecosystems, and 14.05% of lakes ecosystems. This analysis can contribute to better definition of the locations of the most affected areas, which will yield a useful spatial representation for future ecological reconstruction strategy.

In general, the elaboration of the synthesis of water quality in Romania is based on the processing of a large volume of information coming from primary analytical data collected with a constant frequency by the organisms with a specific role in water quality monitoring. This study proposes a novel methodology for multi-criteria analysis aiming to evaluate the degradation state of lake ecosystems. The cornerstone of the newly presented methodology is a geographic information system (GIS) automated tool, involving the assessment of potential degradation sources affecting the watershed that supply the lakes with water. The methodology was tested by performing an analysis on 30 lakes in Romania. The lakes belong to different geographical areas, owing various natural specific conditions and were selected to fit to various types and specific local conditions. The calculation of the WRASTIC-HI (Wastewater–Recreation–Agriculture–Size–Transportation–Industry–Cover–Hazard Index) revealed that, out of 30 lake ecosystems selected as the case study, two lakes were fully degraded, 24 lakes were semi-degraded, and four were in a natural state. The four lakes characterised by a natural state are located in mountainous regions or in the Danube Delta. The results obtained on the selected lakes proved that the proposed index calculation corresponded in all case studies to the real field situation, highlighting thus the accuracy of the assessing process and increased advantages of the assessment’s automation.

Introduction. Oral candidiasis is a complication of dry mouth witch is not present in all cases, but its prevalence remains high. Material and method. 29 patients aged 45 to 82 years suffering from dry mouth caused by various general conditions were selected for this study. Clinical examinations were performed and all the lesions of oral mucosa were counted. The accurate diagnosis of oral candidiasis was established by the mycological exam. Results. 66% of patients involved in this study presented oral candidiasis confirmed by the laboratory. The atrophic and hyperplasic oral candidiasis were the most common clinical types found in this study. Conclusions. The prevalence of oral candidiasis remains relatively high among patients suffering from dry mouth; therefore dentists should treat or guide them to a specialist.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze road traffic studies as part of the necessary conditions for the development of urban real estate assemblies. Road traffic studies include its structure and requirements, and traffic analysis is done for three types of scenarios. These scenarios are divided into: the current stage, the stage with the inclusion of the building and the perspective view for a period of 5 years, including the effect of the building. As part of the study, calculations are included to determine traffic flow capacities of road arteries, simulations in Synchro software, and the estimation of effects produced by greenhouse effect gases for all three scenarios. The last part of the road traffic study includes the accesses, to and from the building, so that overall road traffic is less affected. These road traffic studies are an important preliminary part of starting a building construction, as a large number of parking spaces allocated to the building bring a stream of additional vehicles to the urban area.

Video detection of the vehicles in road traffic in order to identify the macroscopic parameters is a technique used very often nowadays, due to the real advantages that it offers. In this present paper the main purpose is to observe road traffic parameters using images obtained from a quadcopter having an attached camera. As part of processing images obtained using the aircraft, in computer science, digital image processing involves the use of computer algorithms to perform digital image processing. By extracting and processing two images, representing the control frame and vehicle frame, can be observed, comparatively, how the pixel intensity changes based on the passing thru of a vehicle within the control frame. Thus, we have developed a case study to analyze an extra-urban area near the city of Cluj-Napoca. In the case study we used the original, RGB (Red, Green, Blue) image and applied a code in MATLAB software in order to obtain a BW (Black and White) image, so we could generate a graph for comparison. As further applications of the developed study, we propose the use of a quadcopter as an alternative method of monitoring traffic parameters, beside the traffic radars and infrared video cameras.

The structure of $^{34}$Si was studied through $\gamma$ spectroscopy separately in the $\beta^-$ decays of $^{34}$Mg and $^{34}$Al at the ISOLDE facility of CERN. Different configurations in $^{34}$Si were populated independently from the two recently identified $\beta$-decaying states in $^{34}$Al having spin-parity assignments $J^\pi = 4^-$ dominated by the normal configuration $\pi (d_{5/2})^{-1} \otimes \nu (f_{7/2})$ and $J^\pi = 1^+$ by the intruder configuration $\pi (d_{5/2})^{-1} \otimes \nu (d_{3/2})^{-1}(f_{7/2})^{2}$. The paper reports on spectroscopic properties of $^{34}$Si such as an extended level scheme, spin and parity assignments based on log($ft$) values and $\gamma$-ray branching ratios, absolute $\beta$ feeding intensities and neutron emission probabilities. A total of 11 newly identified levels and 26 transitions were added to the previously known level scheme of $^{34}$Si. Large scale shell-model calculations using the {\sc sdpf-u-mix} interaction, able to treat higher order intruder configurations, are compared with the new results and conclusions are drawn concerning the predictive power of {\sc sdpf-u-mix}, the $N=20$ shell gap, the level of mixing between normal and intruder configurations for the 0$_1^+$, 0$_2^+$ and 2$_1^+$ states and the absence of triaxial deformation in $^{34}$Si.

In the present research the main purpose is to analyze and choose the optimal traffic organization scenario by assigning a number of points in relation to the simulation traffic results. This research aims to quantify the relevance of the correlation between the delay and the intersection capacity utilization index resulting from the simulations by choosing the best traffic organization between a signaled intersection and a roundabout. The indicators’ ranking takes into account the significance of each in terms of traffic. Thus, it is considered a ranking for the intersection capacity utilization index and a ranking for the values of the delays. The case study proposes to conduct an analysis in an area in the city of Cluj-Napoca. As results of the developed study, we propose alternative traffic organization in order to reduce the maximum queue at the intersection.

In this paper, by using the entropy maximization principle with Tsallis entropy, new distribution families for modeling the income distribution are derived. Also, new classes of Lorenz curves are obtained by applying the entropy maximization principle with Tsallis entropy, under mean and Gini index equality and inequality constraints.

We present in the first part of the article types of utility functions that can describe the behavior of the investor and their applications to optimize portfolio. The second part of the paper refers to applications in calculating insurance premiums aggregated risk in zero utility principle.

The fact that the number of vehicles is increasing year after year represents a challenge in road traffic management because it is necessary to adjust the road traffic, in order to prevent any incidents, using mostly the same road infrastructure.At this moment one-way road network provides efficient traffic flow for vehicles but it is not ideal for pedestrians. Therefore, a proper solution must be found and applied when and where it is necessary. Replacing one-way road network with two-way road network may be a viable solution especially if in the area is high pedestrian traffic.The paper aims to highlight the influence of both, one-way and two-way urban road networks through an experimental research which was performed by using traffic data collected in the field. Each of the two scenarios analyzed were based on the same traffic data, the same geometrical conditions of the road (lane width, total road segment width, road slopes, total length of the road network) and also the same signaling conditions (signalised intersection or roundabout).The analysis which involves two-way scenario reveals changes in the performance parameters like delay average, stops average, delay stop average and vehicle speed average.Based on the values obtained, it was possible to perform a comparative analysis between the real, one-way, scenario and the theoretical, two-way, scenario.

The relationship between chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) and oral lichen planus (OLP) is a current topic in the field of oral medicine. Many studies of this association have been made over time. The geographic variation of the hepatitis C prevalence proved to be an important factor influencing the statistical results of the studies analyzing the association of the oral plan lichen with the hepatitis C virus. Approaching this issue is not to be neglected. Treatment outcomes in patients with oral lichen planus associated with chronic hepatitis C virus are often unsatisfactory compared to patients suffering from idiopathic oral lichen planus. Also, the evolution of oral lesions is often fluctuating, with repeated periods of relapse according to the degree of liver function decompensation. Background therapy for liver disease itself may influence lichen planus lesions. Thus, during therapy with interferon and ribavirin oral lesions may appear or become acute.

The main purpose of this paper was to assess the current state of science on oral leukoplakia. Although it is considered a potentially malignant disorder the overall malignant progression of oral leukoplakia is of the order of 5% and even more. Nowadays there are no currently accepted markers to distinguish those that may progress to cancer from those that may not. The current golden standard is considered the presence of epithelial dysplasia on the tissue biopsy of the lesion. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is a rare form of OL which has multiple recurrences, is refractory to treatment and has malignant transformation in a short period. It is considered a true premalignant lesion. The management of oral leukoplakia varies from a "wait and see" attitude and topical chemopreventive agents to complete surgical removal.

Objective: In this retrospective study, patients’ medical records were reviewed to investigate the profiles of 633 OLP cases in a group of Romania. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, the following clinical data were obtained from the medical charts of patients: gender, age, clinical presentation of OLP, site affected, presence of symptoms, extraoral manifestations of lichen planus, presence of systemic diseases, and history of medications. Results: Most (78.67%) OLP patients were female and the mean age at presentation was 52 years. The white type of the disease (reticular/papular/plaque lesions) was the main form encountered in this sample (48.97%). Among patients with available hepatitis C virus test results, 9.6% were serum-positive. OLP was associated with gallbladder disease (i.e. cholecystitis, cholelithiasis) in 19% of patients. Six patients (0.95%) developed squamous cell carcinoma at a site with confirmed OLP lesions. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, no similar study has been conducted in a Romanian population. The present investigation revealed the predominance of OLP among middle-aged white women and the prevalence of bilateral involvement of the buccal mucosa with reticular white lesions. Anti-HCV circulating antibodies were more common in patients with OLP than in the general population and, notably, OLP was associated with gallbladder disease (cholecystitis, cholelithiasis) in 19% of patients. Key words:Oral lichen planus, oral mucosal diseases, retrospective study.