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1. Surface passivation of FAPbI3-rich perovskite with caesium iodide outperforms bulk incorporation

Author

Baumeler, Thomas P., Alharbi, Essa A., Kakavelakis, George, Fish, George C., Aldosari, Mubarak T., Albishi, Miqad S., Pfeifer, Lukas, Carlsen, Brian I., Yum, Jun-Ho, Alharbi, Abdullah S., Mensi, Mounir D., Gao, Jing, Eickemeyer, Felix T., Sivula, Kevin, Moser, Jacques-Edouard, Zakeeruddin, Shaik M., and Graetzel, Michael

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have shown an incredible rise in efficiency, reaching as high as 25.7%, which now competes with traditional photovoltaic technologies. Herein, we excluded CsX and RbX, the most commonly used cations to stabilize FAPbI3, from the bulk of perovskite thin films and applied them on the surface, as passivation agents. Extensive device optimization led to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.1% with a high fill factor (FF) of 82.2% upon passivation with CsI. We investigated in-depth the effect of CsI passivation on structural and optoelectronic properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS), Kelvin Probe Force (KPFM) microscopy, time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and electroabsorption spectroscopy (TREAS). Furthermore, passivated devices exhibit enhanced operational stability, with optimized passivation with CsI leading to a retention of ~90% of initial PCE under 1 Sun illumination with maximum power point tracking for 600 h., Comment: 27 pages, 19 figures

Published
2023

2. Coordination Chemistry as a Universal Strategy for a Controlled Perovskite Crystallization

Author

Zuo, Weiwei, Byranvand, Malekshahi, Kodalle, Tim, Zohdi, Mohammadreza, Lim, Jaekeun, Carlsen, Brian, Friedlmeier, Theresa Magorian, Kot, Małgorzata, Das, Chittaranjan, Flege, Jan Ingo, Zong, Wansheng, Abate, Antonio, Sutter‐Fella, Carolin M, Li, Meng, and Saliba, Michael

Subjects
Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry, Chemical Sciences, Physical Chemistry, Affordable and Clean Energy, coordination chemistry, green solvents, perovskite crystallization, Physical Sciences, Engineering, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Chemical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

The most efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are made from a complex mixture of precursors. Typically, to then form a thin film, an extreme oversaturation of the perovskite precursor is initiated to trigger nucleation sites, e.g., by vacuum, an airstream, or a so-called antisolvent. Unfortunately, most oversaturation triggers do not expel the lingering (and highly coordinating) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which is used as a precursor solvent, from the thin films; this detrimentally affects long-term stability. In this work, (the green) dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is introduced as a novel nucleation trigger for perovskite films combining, uniquely, high coordination and high vapor pressure. This gives DMS a universal scope: DMS replaces other solvents by coordinating more strongly and removes itself once the film formation is finished. To demonstrate this novel coordination chemistry approach, MAPbI3 PSCs are processed, typically dissolved in hard-to-remove (and green) DMSO achieving 21.6% efficiency, among the highest reported efficiencies for this system. To confirm the universality of the strategy, DMS is tested for FAPbI3 as another composition, which shows higher efficiency of 23.5% compared to 20.9% for a device fabricated with chlorobenzene. This work provides a universal strategy to control perovskite crystallization using coordination chemistry, heralding the revival of perovskite compositions with pure DMSO.

Published
2023

11. The geometry of lightlike surfaces in Minkowski space

Author

Carlsen, Brian and Clelland, Jeanne N.

Subjects
Mathematics - Differential Geometry
Abstract

We investigate the geometric properties of lightlike surfaces in the Minkowski space $\R^{2,1}$, using Cartan's method of moving frames to compute a complete set of local invariants for such surfaces. Using these invariants, we give a complete local classification of lightlike surfaces of constant type in $\R^{2,1}$ and construct new examples of such surfaces.

Published
2013
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13. Upper Extremity Amputation

Author

Babovic, Nikola, Carlsen, Brian T., Dieter, Robert S., editor, Dieter, Jr, Raymond A., editor, Dieter, III, Raymond A., editor, and Nanjundappa, Aravinda, editor

Published
2017
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15. High-Work-Function 2D Perovskites as Passivation Agents in Perovskite Solar Cells

Author

Shirzadi, Erfan, primary, Ansari, Fatemeh, additional, Jinno, Hiroaki, additional, Tian, Shun, additional, Ouellette, Olivier, additional, Eickemeyer, Felix. T., additional, Carlsen, Brian, additional, Van Muyden, Antoine, additional, Kanda, Hiroyuki, additional, Shibayama, Naoyuki, additional, Tirani, Farzaneh Fadaei, additional, Grätzel, Michael, additional, Hagfeldt, Anders, additional, Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja, additional, and Dyson, Paul J., additional

Published
2023
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20. Surface Passivation of FAPbI3-Rich Perovskite with Cesium Iodide Outperforms Bulk Incorporation

Author

Baumeler, Thomas P., primary, Alharbi, Essa A., additional, Kakavelakis, George, additional, Fish, George C., additional, Aldosari, Mubarak T., additional, Albishi, Miqad S., additional, Pfeifer, Lukas, additional, Carlsen, Brian I., additional, Yum, Jun-Ho, additional, Alharbi, Abdullah S., additional, Mensi, Mounir D., additional, Gao, Jing, additional, Eickemeyer, Felix T., additional, Sivula, Kevin, additional, Moser, Jacques-E, additional, Zakeeruddin, Shaik M., additional, and Grätzel, Michael, additional

Published
2023
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24. Contributors

Author

Abzug, Joshua M., primary, Adams, Julie E., additional, Ahmad, Christopher S., additional, Ahmadi, Shahryar, additional, Tabeayo Alvarez, Eloy Dario, additional, An, Kai-Nan, additional, Andrews, James R., additional, Andrews, Karen L., additional, Antuña, Samuel, additional, Assenmacher, Andrew T., additional, Athwal, George S., additional, Bae, Donald S., additional, Baghdadi, Yaser M., additional, Baker, Champ L., additional, Ballesteros-Betancourt, José R., additional, Barco, Raul, additional, Barlow, Jonathan D., additional, Bestic, Joseph M., additional, Bishop, Allen T., additional, Bruce, Jeremy, additional, Burns, Travis C., additional, Camp, Christopher L., additional, Carlsen, Brian T., additional, Celli, Andrea, additional, Charalambous, Charalambos P., additional, Chen, Neal, additional, Cheung, Emilie, additional, Cil, Akin, additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cornwall, Roger, additional, Dave, Omkar H., additional, Dines, Joshua S., additional, Dua, Karan, additional, Duquin, Thomas R., additional, Dutta, Anil K., additional, Edmonds, Eric W., additional, ElAttrache, Neal S., additional, Elhassan, Bassem T., additional, Field, Larry D., additional, Foruria, Antonio M., additional, Garner, Hillary W., additional, Hartzler, Robert U., additional, Hinchey, John W., additional, Hobgood, E. Rhett, additional, Hodgins, Justin L., additional, Horlocker, Terese T., additional, Hughes, Jeffery S., additional, Inwards, Carrie Y., additional, Jeon, In-Ho, additional, Kamineni, Srinath, additional, King, Graham J.W., additional, King, Jeffrey C., additional, Koh, Joyce S.B., additional, Kopp, Sandra L., additional, Kwon, Young W., additional, Larsen, Mikko, additional, Larson, Susan G., additional, Lattanza, Lisa, additional, Lawrence, Thomas, additional, Lee, Brian P., additional, Lennon, Robert L., additional, Little, Kevin J., additional, Llusá-Pérez, Manuel, additional, Luthra, Harvinder S., additional, Malone, Alex A., additional, Mansat, Pierre, additional, Mason, Thomas G., additional, McIntosh, Amy L., additional, Mead, Robert Nelson, additional, Moran, Steven L., additional, Morrey, Bernard F., additional, Morrey, Mark E., additional, Moynagh, Michael R., additional, Nirschl, Robert, additional, O'Brien, Michael J., additional, O'Driscoll, Shawn W., additional, Papagelopoulos, Panayiotis J., additional, Papandrea, Rick, additional, Peterson, Hamlet A., additional, Piper, Samantha Lee, additional, Pourcho, Adam M., additional, Ramsey, Matthew L., additional, Rhodes, Nicholas G., additional, Ring, David, additional, Sanchez-Sotelo, Joaquin, additional, “Buddy” Savoie, Felix H., additional, Savvidou, Olga D., additional, Scanlon, Erin M., additional, Schneeberger, Alberto G., additional, Sears, Benjamin W., additional, Seidl, Adam J., additional, Shaughnessy, William J., additional, Shin, Alexander Y., additional, Shives, Thomas C., additional, Simone, Juan P., additional, Smith, Jarrod R., additional, Smith, Jay, additional, Somerson, Jeremy S., additional, Spinner, Robert J., additional, Stans, Anthony A., additional, Steinmann, Scott P., additional, Stepanovich, Matthew T., additional, Streubel, Philipp N., additional, Suenghwan, Jo, additional, Thoreson, Andrew R., additional, (Quin) Throckmorton, Thomas W., additional, Tran, Nho V., additional, Van, Ann E., additional, van Riet, Roger P., additional, Voloshin, Ilya, additional, Vuillermin, Carley, additional, Weisbein, Jacqueline S., additional, Wessell, Daniel E., additional, Yamaguchi, Ken, additional, and Zlotolow, Dan A., additional

Published
2018
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26. Radical polymeric p-doping and grain modulation for stable, efficient perovskite solar modules

Author

You, Shuai, primary, Zeng, Haipeng, additional, Liu, Yuhang, additional, Han, Bing, additional, Li, Min, additional, Li, Lin, additional, Zheng, Xin, additional, Guo, Rui, additional, Luo, Long, additional, Li, Zhe, additional, Zhang, Chi, additional, Liu, Ranran, additional, Zhao, Yang, additional, Zhang, Shujing, additional, Peng, Qi, additional, Wang, Ti, additional, Chen, Qi, additional, Eickemeyer, Felix T., additional, Carlsen, Brian, additional, Zakeeruddin, Shaik M., additional, Mai, Liqiang, additional, Rong, Yaoguang, additional, Grätzel, Michael, additional, and Li, Xiong, additional

Published
2023
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28. Hand Flaps

Author

Chim, Harvey, Ng, Zhi Yang, Carlsen, Brian T., Mohan, Anita T., and Saint-Cyr, Michel

Published
2014
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34. Thiocyanate-Mediated Dimensionality Transformation of Low-Dimensional Perovskites for Photovoltaics

Author

Hong, Li, primary, Wang, Zaiwei, additional, Milić, Jovana V., additional, Avalos, Claudia E., additional, Zhang, Weihua, additional, Ren, Dan, additional, Wang, Cheng, additional, Carlsen, Brian, additional, Liu, Yuhang, additional, Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed, additional, Hagfeldt, Anders, additional, Wang, Ti, additional, Han, Hongwei, additional, and Graetzel, Michael, additional

Published
2022
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36. Thiocyanate-Mediated Dimensionality Transformation of Low- Dimensional Perovskites for Photovoltaics

Author

Hong, Li, Wang, Zaiwei, Milic, Jovana V., Avalos, Claudia E., Zhang, Weihua, Ren, Dan, Wang, Cheng, Carlsen, Brian, Liu, Yuhang, Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed, Hagfeldt, Anders, Wang, Ti, Han, Hongwei, Graetzel, Michael, Hong, Li, Wang, Zaiwei, Milic, Jovana V., Avalos, Claudia E., Zhang, Weihua, Ren, Dan, Wang, Cheng, Carlsen, Brian, Liu, Yuhang, Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed, Hagfeldt, Anders, Wang, Ti, Han, Hongwei, and Graetzel, Michael

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskite solar cells have induced widespread research interest owing to their higher stability as compared to three-dimensional (3D) analogues. The photovoltaic performance, however, is still limited. Here, we report a perovskite film dominated by 3D components that are modulated by formamidinium thiocyanate in the 2D PEA(2)FA(3)Pb(4)I(13) perovskite composition. We demonstrate that a dimensionality transformation from a 2D/3D to predominantly 3D perovskite phase in the presence of SCN-based treatment enhances the optical absorption in visible and near-infrared regions. As a result, the power conversion efficiency improved 4.5 times with respect to the control to above 14%. The unencapsulated cell exhibited excellent moisture stability during the shelf lifetime measurement over 70 days under ambient conditions.

Published
2022
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39. Molecularly Engineered Low-Cost Organic Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: The Substituent Effect on Non-fused Three-Dimensional Systems

Author

Molina, Desire, primary, Sheibani, Esmaeil, additional, Yang, Bowen, additional, Mohammadi, Hajar, additional, Ghiasabadi, Maryam, additional, Xu, Bo, additional, Suo, Jiajia, additional, Carlsen, Brian, additional, Vlachopoulos, Nick, additional, Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed, additional, Grätzel, Michael, additional, and Hagfeldt, Anders, additional

Published
2022
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46. Thermodynamic stability screening of IR-photonic processed multication halide perovskite thin films

Author

Sanchez, Sandy, Carlsen, Brian, Skorjanc, Viktor, Flores, Natalie, Serafini, Patricio, Mora-Sero, Ivan, Schouwink, Pascal, Zakeeruddin, Shaik M., Graetzel, Michel, Hagfeldt, Anders, Sanchez, Sandy, Carlsen, Brian, Skorjanc, Viktor, Flores, Natalie, Serafini, Patricio, Mora-Sero, Ivan, Schouwink, Pascal, Zakeeruddin, Shaik M., Graetzel, Michel, and Hagfeldt, Anders

Abstract

We report a material screening study for phase transitions of multication hybrid halide perovskite films. Two hundred sixty-six films processed with flash infrared annealing were optically and structurally characterized. This data was compiled into a database to use as a reliable guide for fundamental studies of halide perovskites. We determine the optimum conditions for the formation of the mixed-cations halide perovskite active phase. We subjected the films to different stress conditions (light, temperature, humidity) resulting in five compositions that were thermodynamically stable. From these, the photoinduced phase instability process of the hybrid perovskite films was explored. These intrinsic stability tests showed that the correct multication combination plays a fundamental role in the crystal growth and thermodynamic stability of the films.

Published
2021
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50. Vapor-assisted deposition of highly efficient, stable black-phase FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells

Author

Lu, Haizhou, Liu, Yuhang, Ahlawat, Paramvir, Mishra, Aditya, Tress, Wolfgang, Eickemeyer, Felix T, Yang, Yingguo, Fu, Fan, Wang, Zaiwei, Avalos, Claudia E, Carlsen, Brian I, Agarwalla, Anand, Zhang, Xin, Li, Xiaoguo, Zhan, Yiqiang, Zakeeruddin, Shaik M, Emsley, Lyndon, Rothlisberger, Ursula, Zheng, Lirong, Hagfeldt, Anders, Grätzel, Michael, Lu, Haizhou, Liu, Yuhang, Ahlawat, Paramvir, Mishra, Aditya, Tress, Wolfgang, Eickemeyer, Felix T, Yang, Yingguo, Fu, Fan, Wang, Zaiwei, Avalos, Claudia E, Carlsen, Brian I, Agarwalla, Anand, Zhang, Xin, Li, Xiaoguo, Zhan, Yiqiang, Zakeeruddin, Shaik M, Emsley, Lyndon, Rothlisberger, Ursula, Zheng, Lirong, Hagfeldt, Anders, and Grätzel, Michael

Abstract

Mixtures of cations or halides with FAPbI3 (where FA is formamidinium) lead to high efficiency in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) but also to blue-shifted absorption and long-term stability issues caused by loss of volatile methylammonium (MA) and phase segregation. We report a deposition method using MA thiocyanate (MASCN) or FASCN vapor treatment to convert yellow δ-FAPbI3 perovskite films to the desired pure α-phase. NMR quantifies MA incorporation into the framework. Molecular dynamics simulations show that SCN- anions promote the formation and stabilization of α-FAPbI3 below the thermodynamic phase-transition temperature. We used these low-defect-density α-FAPbI3 films to make PSCs with >23% power-conversion efficiency and long-term operational and thermal stability, as well as a low (330 millivolts) open-circuit voltage loss and a low (0.75 volt) turn-on voltage of electroluminescence.

Published
2020

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