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La actividad cacaotera es un sector muy importante en México se producen 28, 105.8 toneladas de cacao al año y solo en Chiapas se produce el 34.86% de la producción nacional, participan aproximadamente 45 mil familias de productores

En todos los procesos agroindustriales, se generan subproductos o residuos que no son utilizados, generando un problema grave de contaminación

Objective: To describe Heliconia uxpanapensis x Heliconia latispatha var. Karely, interspecific variety generated for cut flower based on commercial standards. Design/Methodology/Approach: Interspecific hand pollination was carried out between H. uxpanapensis Gutiérrez Báez x H. latispatha Benth. The female parent is endemic to Mexico; it presents compact growth due to its pachymorphic rhizome, red and erect inflorescence, and bracts in distal position. H. latispatha grows expansively due to its leptomorphic rhizome, its inflorescence, composed of orange bracts, is erect and helical. The F1 hybrid was self-fertilized and produced viable seed. The mature zygotic embryos were germinated in vitro, the seedlings were acclimatized at six months and at ten months they were established in the field; Heliconia var. Karely was generated from this population. Results: Karely variety is F2 product of the interspecific cross between H. uxpanapensis x H. latispatha, it presents a compact growth habit, erect inflorescence, bracts in distal position of orange color with red border. The inflorescence is clean and healthy. The postharvest half-life is 15 days Study Limitations/Implications: Karely must be cultivated under an agroforestry system in conditions of 20 to 30 % shade for the adequate pigmentation of the bracts. In addition, it requires sandy-loam soil for proper development and growth of its inflorescence. Findings/Conclusions: Karely has ideal characteristics for cut flower and meets the characteristics established by the market.

El chayote virens levis que se comercializa en el mercado mexicano tiene una amplia variedad de formas, tamaño y color de epidermis.

La comunidad de Cañada de Yáñez, Santa María, en San Luis Potosí, pasó de ser productora de aguacate criollo (Persea sp.), a producir chayote para generar una alternativa a la desaparición del aguacate por un complejo de enfermedades fúngicas

Contar con un cultivar de chayote de alto rendimiento, que cumpliera con los requisitos de normalización nacional e internacional, como elemento primordial de tecnificación de huertos comerciales de chayote y poder estructurar una oferta sostenida para el mercado de exportación.

Wilman lovegrass [Eragrostis superba (Peyr.)] is a species used worldwide to revegetate rangelands; however, it has a low nutritional quality and a poor tolerance to water stress; thus, it can be a candidate for plant breeding. In this study, the morphological, nutritional, stomatal and molecular diversity induced y gamma irradiation was evaluated in Wilman lovegrass. Seed of the common variety was exposed to gamma radiation at doses of 100, 200, 300, 450, 600, 900, 1400 and 2000 Gy; in addition, non-irradiated seed was used as a control. Seed of the different treatments was used to produce plants in a greenhouse, which were evaluated through traits related to forage quality and water stress tolerance. The first generation of plants derived from mutagenic treatments (M1) was selected based on agronomic traits. The selected promissory mutants were then nutritionally, stomatally and molecularly characterized. All the possible selected mutants presented lower lignin content (P ≤ 0.01) compared to the common variety. The 200-3 and 200-7 promissory mutants showed higher protein content (P ≤ 0.01) at maturity stage. Also, significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were found between putative mutants and control plants in stomatal density and stomatal area. The molecular analysis revealed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between the control genotype and the promissory mutants 200-3, 600-3, and 600-6, which presented genetic distances of 0.41, 0.42 and 0.35 (Dice’s coefficient) in relation to the control genotype, respectively. The phenotypic and genetic variability induced by gamma irradiation allowed to select the first generation of putative mutants with outstanding agronomic traits, nutritional value and stomatal characteristics.

La moniliasis causada por el hongo, Moniliophthora roreri, es una de las enfermedades más destructiva del cacao en México y Latinoamérica. El patógeno afecta al fruto en sus diferentes etapas de desarrollo causando pérdidas drásticas en la producción. En el presente estudio se evalúo el efecto antifúngico de aceites esenciales derivado de plantas contra el crecimiento de M. roreri, en medio de cultivo PDA. El aceite esencial de Origanum vulgare, Schinus molle, Syzygium aromaticum, Thymus vulgaris, Pimenta dioica y Cinnamomum zeylanicum, inhibieron el crecimiento total de M. roreri a 500 µl L-1. T. vulgaris causó el mayor porcentaje de inhibición del hongo con valores CMI50 67.65 µL L-1 y CMI95 107.6 µL L-1. Los resultados del estudio aportan conocimiento básico sobre el uso de fitoquímicos y desarrollo de compuestos para el manejo integral sustentable de la moniliasis.

Theobroma cacao L. es una especie originaria de América y ha estado ligada al desarrollo de diversas culturas indígenas en las regiones tropicales húmedas. Su semilla se utiliza para la elaboración de alimentos, bebidas y golosinas y su demanda se ha incrementado cuando se cultiva sin agroquímicos. La nutrición de la planta mediante biofertilizantes microbianos es una alternativa para incrementar la oferta de cacao orgánico. En este trabajo se identificó el aporte de dos microsimbiontes en el desarrollo vegetal y nutrimental del cacao en dos condiciones de suelo del Soconusco, Chiapas, México, uno de ellos tratado con bromuro de metilo y otro sin tratar. Las semillas de cacao se inocularon con Azospirillum brasilense y Glomus intraradices, solos o combinados al momento de la siembra. Se registraron variables morfológicas y fisiológicas del rendimiento y el contenido de N2, P y Ca2+ en el tejido vegetal cada 30 días durante seis meses. Los resultados indicaron una respuesta diferencial entre condiciones de suelo y microsimbiontes en la asignación de materia seca. Los órganos de la planta más modificados fueron la raíz y la lámina foliar. Las plantas inoculadas mostraron mayor concentración de N2 en suelo no tratado. G. intraradices fue más efectivo en promover la incorporación de P en suelo no tratado y de Ca2+ en ambas condiciones del suelo. Theobroma cacao L. originated in America and has been associated with the development of various Indian cultures in the tropical forest. Its beans are used for the production of food, beverages and sweets. The demand of cocoa cultivated without agrochemical products has increased. Plant nutrition with microbial fertilizers is an alternative for increasing its organic production. In this experiment the contribution of two micro organisms to the development and nutritive characteristics of cocoa was determined under two soil conditions, treated with methyl bromide or untreated, in the Soconusco region, Chiapas, Mexico. The cocoa beans were inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and Glomus intraradices, alone or in combination at sowing. Morphological and physiological characters, and the N2, P and Ca2+ content in the vegetal tissue were recorded every 30 days for six months. The results indicate a differential response for soil condition and micro organisms in the production of dry matter. Root and foliar lamina were the most affected organs. The inoculated plants showed a higher N2 concentration. G. intraradices translocated more P in the untreated soil and more Ca2+ under either soil conditions. Theobroma cacao L. é uma espécie originária de América e tem estado relacionada ao desenvolvimento de diversas culturas indígenas nas regiões tropicais úmidas. Sua semente se utiliza para a elaboração de alimentos, bebidas e guloseimas e sua demanda tem se incrementado quando se cultiva sem agroquímicos. A nutrição da planta mediante biofertilizantes microbianos é una alternativa para incrementar a oferta de cacau orgânico. Neste trabalho se identificou a contribuição de dois microsimbiontes no desenvolvimento vegetal e nutrimental do cacau sob duas condições de solo do Soconusco, Chiapas, México, um deles tratado com bromuro de metilo e o outro sem tratar. As sementes de cacau foram inoculadas com Azospirillum brasilense e Glomus intraradices, sozinhos ou combinados no momento da plantação. Registraram-se variáveis morfológicas e fisiológicas do rendimento e o conteúdo de N2, P e Ca2+ no tecido vegetal a cada 30 dias durante seis meses. Os resultados indicaram uma resposta diferencial entre condições de solo e microsimbiontes na designação de matéria seca. Os órgãos da planta mais modificados foram a raiz e a lâmina foliar. As plantas inoculadas mostraram maior concentração de N2 em solo não tratado. G. intraradices foi mais efetivo em promover a incorporação de P em solo não tratado e de Ca2+ em ambas as condições do solo.