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Altamira possui apenas 44,3% de vias públicas arborizadas, pouco para um dos componentes fundamentais na regulação do clima, na conservação da qualidade do ar e na promoção da saúde e bem-estar da população. Diante do crescimento acelerado no município, culminado com a implementação de um grande empreendimento local, teve como consequência a supressão de grandes áreas florestais e o surgimento de cinco novos bairros planejados, contudo seu projeto de arborização é desconhecido por parte da população. Quais espécies foram plantadas? São adequadas para o local? Poderão causar algum dano nas estruturas das casas, calçadas, ruas, rede elétrica, rede de águas pluviais e esgoto? O objetivo do estudo é inventariar e avaliar as espécies arbóreas existentes nos Reassentamentos Urbano Coletivo em Altamira-PA, a fim de obter subsídios para avaliar os parâmetros qualitativos e quantitativos da arborização, bem como acompanhar o processo de podas, plantio, remoção. Foi realizado o inventário florístico do tipo censo das plantas com hábitos arbustivo e/ou arbóreo, percorrendo todas as ruas dos cinco RUCs, no período de maio a setembro.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) regulate metabolism and energy balance by mediating physiological and behavioural responses to stress. Vertebrates respond to environmental challenges by increasing GC levels, which mediate the reallocation of resources from delayable activities such as reproduction to immediate survival necessities. However, when future reproductive potential is low, it has been hypothesized (and evidenced in a few semelparous species) that stress should adaptively promote reproduction rather than suppress it, even at the expense of wellbeing. Due to their unique life cycle and particular habitat, annual fishes (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) are ideal unexplored model systems to test the prediction that GCs promote reproduction. Annual fishes are among the most remarkable extremophile species with the shortest vertebrate life span. They inhabit ephemeral ponds, and after reaching sexual maturity in few weeks, they breed continuously. As the breeding season progresses, and pond dry-out is imminent, future mating opportunities decrease together with the impoverishment of environmental conditions. In this study, we evaluate, for the first time in annual fishes, how reproduction is affected by high GC levels. We first show that male Austrolebias reicherti increase their cortisol levels as the breeding season progresses and environmental conditions deteriorate in the wild. Furthermore, increased cortisol levels in males were associated with increases in female gonadosomatic (GSI) and hepatosomatic (HSI) indices and a decrease in male HSI. Secondly, we show that cortisol treatment induces (1) an increase in male courtship behaviour and in the intensity of male typical coloration, (2) a weight loss in males and (3) an increase in female HSI. Overall, we demonstrate that cortisol promotes reproduction in both sexes of A. reicherti with sexually distinct effects, representing a clear exception to the traditional role of the stress response impairing reproduction.

Millerichthys robustus is the only annual killifish distributed in America with phenotypic color variations, not yet described. Accordingly, we first describe the color pattern in both sexes to define its phenotypical variations. We then analyze the frequency of these phenotypes on a geographical scale, in four localities that represent opposite points of Millerichthys’s distribution in the Mexican southeast. Color analysis based on the RGB system allowed us to define five-color phenotypes in males continuously distributed in various perceptual units between two extreme colors (yellow-red): yellow, moderate orange, dark orange, strong orange and red. These color patterns found in M. robustus could be attributed to melanin, carotenoid, and pteridine pigments. The orange phenotypes was present in all localities studied. The yellow phenotype was present only in northeastern and northwestern locations, and the red phenotype was present only in northern populations. Female color variations were observed in the number of ocelli (from 1 to 15) at the base of the caudal peduncle and dorsal region. Ocelli have been associated with anti-predator functions because they resemble the eyes of vertebrates, thus shifting the target of predator attacks to less vital body parts. Females with 3 ocelli were the most frequent phenotype, and females with 13–15 ocelli occurred only in the northern populations. We concluded that male and female of M. robustus are not randomly distributed along their distribution range, which suggest that color phenotypes may react differently to biotic and abiotic factors that probably determine their distribution and frequency within the studied population.

In the classic theory of sexual roles, females are more careful in their choice of a mate because their reproductive investment is relatively higher. However, increasing evidence shows that males c...

While the importance of male mate choice is increasingly recognized, it continues to be an understudied aspect of sexual selection. Here, the effect of female body size on male mate choice was evaluated in the annual killifish Austrolebias reicherti, a species with marked sexual dimorphism in which males are more conspicuous than females. In dual-choice mate choice trials with unequal sized females we found that males spent significantly more time with larger females. Furthermore, larger females spawned more and larger eggs when spawning was allowed in non-choice trials. Therefore, male selection is probably attributable to the higher reproductive success of larger females. To our knowledge, this is the first study that provides evidence of both male mate choice in annual fishes and its possible fitness advantages. The implications of male mate choice for sexual selection in these fish highlight the need for further studies.

Lead zirconatetitanate solid solutions, Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3 – PZT, are widely recognized for representing a special group of ferroelectric materials with various potential applications in electroceramics and (micro)electronic devices. The PZT ceramics is produced by solid state reaction (conventional route) and temperatures frequently above 1200 °C. As a consequence, the cost of ceramic product is expensive. Herein, we present the synthesis and processing conditions of PZT52/48 (x = 0.48) ceramics in which it was possible to lower the sintering temperature down to around 900°C. We have applied a route for PZT52/48 obtaining ferroelectric ceramics through sintering of nanometric powders prepared by the polymeric precursor synthesis method (modified Pechini’s method). The sintering was achieved with a temperature of 900ºC for 2 hours and the samples got 96% of their theoretical density and 1.3 mm mean grain size. The electrical permittivity of the ceramic plates, studied by impedance spectroscopy, presented Curie temperature around 390 ºC. Ferroelectric hysteresis measurements revealed that the remnant polarization is 3.2 μC/cm2 and coercive field is 10 kV/cm at 60 Hz. All results and characterizations have shown that the PZT samples obtained with the polymeric route are efficient as the ones prepared in the conventional SSR protocol. RESUMO As soluções sólidas de titanato de zirconato de chumbo, Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3 – PZT, são amplamente reconhecidas por representar um grupo especial de materiais ferroelétricos com várias aplicações potenciais em eletro-cerâmica e (micro) dispositivos eletrônicos. A cerâmica PZT é produzida por reação em estado sólido (via convencional) e temperaturas frequentemente acima de 1200 °C. Como conseqüência, o custo do produto cerâmico é caro. Apresentamos aqui as condições de síntese e processamento da cerâmica PZT 52/48 (x = 0,48), na qual foi possível reduzir a temperatura de sinterização para cerca de 900 ° C. Aplicamos uma rota para a obtenção de cerâmica ferroelétrica PZT52/48 através da sinterização de pós nanométricos preparados pelo método de síntese de precursores poliméricos (método de Pechini modificado). A sinterização foi realizada a uma temperatura de 900ºC por 2 horas e as amostras obtiveram 96% de sua densidade teórica e tamanho médio de grão de 1,3 µm. A permissividade elétrica das cerâmicas, estudada por espectroscopia de impedância, apresentou temperatura de Curie em torno de 390 ºC. As curvas da histerese ferroelétrica revelaram que a polarização remanescente é de 3,2 μC/cm2 e o campo coercitivo é de 10 kV/cm a 60 Hz. Todos os resultados e caracterizações mostraram que as amostras de PZT obtidas com a via polimérica são eficientes como as preparadas no protocolo SSR convencional.

Olfactory abilities to discriminate conspecifics can be determinant to prevent hybridization between closely-related species in many taxa. Annual killifish Austrolebias reicherti and A. charrua are sister species inhabiting temporary ponds within Eastern Wetlands of Uruguay with an overlapping area in their distributions. Herein, we assess species recognition sensory abilities in females of A. reicherti in classic dual-choice tests. We exposed two different groups of females, one to olfactory but not visual cues, and the other to visual but not olfactory cues, from conspecific and heterospecific A. charrua males. Austrolebias reicherti females preferred conspecific males when based solely on olfactory cues, and showed no discrimination when exposed to visual traits only. Austrolebias inhabit shallow, muddy and highly turbid ponds that may promote the use of non-visual cues. Although preliminary, the results of this study suggest the importance of chemical communication in species mate recognition in A. reicherti and points annual fishes as a promising model to study the role of mate choice in reproductive isolation and speciation.

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência da periodontite em pacientes portadores de doença isquêmica do coração (DIC) no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal da Bahia (HUPES). Materiaisemétodos: A profundidade de sonda- gem (PS) foi realizada em seis sítios de todos os dentes presentes, por um periodontista calibrado (kappa > 0,9) em 131 indivíduos (75 homens 56 mu- lheres) na faixa etária de 35 a 99 anos. Periodontite foi considerada presente quando houve perda do nível de inserção clínica (PNIC) ³ 4 mm associada à PS ³ 4 mm em pelo menos quatro sítios em dentes diferentes. Os registros de sexo, idade, etnia, estado civil, tabagismo, frequência de escovação dental, sedentarismo, dislipidemia, hipertensão, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC), diabetes mellitus (DM), índice de placa (IPL) e índice gengival (IG) foram coletados. Resultados: A população de estudo (N=135) apresentou taxa de edentulismo total de 2,9% (N = 4). Dos 131 pacientes dentados, 73 (55,7 %) apresentaram periodontite. Houve associação positiva significativa entre periodontite e ICC, IPL e IG (p

Background: Paravalvular regurgitation (paravalvular leak) is a serious and rare complication associated with valve replacement surgery. Studies have shown a 3% to 6% incidence of paravalvular regurgitation with hemodynamic repercussion. Few studies have compared surgical and percutaneous approaches for repair. Objectives: To compare the surgical and percutaneous approaches for paravalvular regurgitation repair regarding clinical outcomes during hospitalization and one year after the procedure. Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive and observational study that included 35 patients with paravalvular leak, requiring repair, and followed up at the Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology between January 2011 and December 2013. Patients were divided into groups according to the established treatment and followed up for 1 year after the procedure. Results: The group submitted to percutaneous treatment was considered to be at higher risk for complications because of the older age of patients, higher prevalence of diabetes, greater number of previous valve surgeries and lower mean creatinine clearance value. During hospitalization, both groups had a large number of complications (74.3% of cases), with no statistical difference in the analyzed outcomes. After 1 year, the percutaneous group had a greater number of re-interventions (8.7% vs 20%, p = 0.57) and a higher mortality rate (0% vs. 20%, p = 0.08). A high incidence of residual mitral leak was observed after the percutaneous procedure (8.7% vs. 50%, p = 0.08). Conclusion: Surgery is the treatment of choice for paravalvular regurgitation. The percutaneous approach can be an alternative for patients at high surgical risk. Resumo Fundamento: Regurgitação ou escape paravalvar é uma complicação grave e incomum associada ao implante de prótese valvar. Estudos mostram incidência de 3% a 6% com repercussão hemodinâmica. Existem poucos estudos na literatura que comparam as abordagens cirúrgica e percutânea para sua correção. Objetivos: Comparar as abordagens cirúrgica e percutânea de correção da regurgitação paravalvar quanto a desfechos clínicos durante a internação e após 1 ano do procedimento. Métodos: Este é um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e observacional, que incluiu 35 pacientes com escape paravalvar acompanhados no Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2013 e que necessitaram de correção. Os pacientes foram divididos de acordo com o tratamento estabelecido e acompanhados por um período 1 ano após o procedimento. Resultados: O grupo submetido ao tratamento percutâneo foi considerado como de maior risco para complicações por apresentar pacientes mais idosos, com maior prevalência de diabetes, maior quantidade de cirurgias valvares prévias e menor valor médio de clearance de creatinina. Durante a evolução intra-hospitalar, observou-se grande número de complicações nos dois grupos (74,3% dos casos), sem diferença estatística nos desfechos analisados. Após 1 ano, o grupo percutâneo teve maior número de reintervenções (8,7% vs. 20%, p = 0,57) e mortalidade maior (0% vs. 20%, p = 0,08). Uma alta incidência de escape residual mitral foi verificada após procedimento percutâneo (8,7% vs. 50%, p = 0,08). Conclusão: A cirurgia é o tratamento de escolha da regurgitação paravalvar. A abordagem percutânea pode ser uma alternativa para os pacientes com risco cirúrgico elevado.

Reproductive success depends on a precise synchronization of organisms’ activities with the environment, determining the evolution of mechanisms controlling reproductive behaviour. In temperate zones mammals exhibit pronounced seasonal reproduction because of thermoregulation costs imposed by low winter temperatures and limited food availability. Even occupying burrows that buffer external ambient conditions, these restrictions also affect subterranean rodents inhabiting these latitudes. Tuco-tucos (genus Ctenomys ) are subterranean herbivorous rodents that have a Neotropical distribution between 17 and 54° of latitude S. Ctenomys rionegrensis is one of the three species occurring in Uruguay and generated interest due to chromatic polymorphism in a restricted area (50×60 km). Here we describe the timing of breeding in C. rionegrensis based on the reproductive status of free-living females and the proportion of juveniles in the population, and describe the characteristics of the estrous cycle of the species using cytological techniques. As expected, the data showed a clear seasonality in female breeding and provided evidence of the occurrence of post-partum estrous. The reproductive activity began in late austral autumn and the highest proportion of pregnant females was observed in winter. At the beginning of the austral spring, the prevalence of lactating females increased as a consequence of the first births and remained high until early summer. This pattern of breeding seasonality was clearly correlated with the annual temperature variation. The estrous cycle showed four phases characterized by both different cellular types and the abundance and appearance of mucus, which allows a clear determination of female's reproductive status.

Satellite transmitters and geographic-positioning-system devices often add substantial mass to birds to which they are attached. Studies on the effects of such instruments have focused on indirect measures, whereas the direct influence of extra mass on pelagic behavior is poorly known. We used 2.5-g geolocators to investigate the effect of extra mass on the pelagic behavior of Cory's Shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea) by comparing the traits of a single foraging trip among a group carrying 30-g weights, a group carrying 60-g weights, and a control group. The weights were attached to the birds' backs using typical techniques for attaching satellite transmitters to seabirds. The extra mass increased the duration of the birds' trips and decreased their foraging efficiency and mass gained at sea. These indirect effects may be related to foraging traits: weighted birds showed a greater search effort than control birds, traveled greater distances, covered a greater foraging area, and increased the maximum foraging range. Furthermore, the time spent on the sea surface at night was greater for weighted than for control groups, which showed that the extra mass also affected activity patterns. Our results underline the need to quantify the effects of monitoring equipment commonly used to study the pelagic behavior of seabirds. We suggest that geolocators can be used to obtain control data on foraging-trip movements and activity patterns.

FUNDAMENTO: Na síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA), a hiperglicemia, à admissão hospitalar, está associada à presença de eventos adversos cardiovasculares em pacientes com ou sem diabetes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o valor prognóstico da hiperglicemia de estresse na evolução intra-hospitalar de pacientes admitidos por SCA. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 152 pacientes admitidos, entre setembro de 2005 e fevereiro de 2010, em unidade de dor torácica de hospital terciário com diagnóstico de SCA, que apresentavam valor da glicemia laboratorial na admissão. O grupo I foi formado pelos pacientes com hiperglicemia de estresse, definida por glicemia na admissão > 126 mg/dL em não diabéticos e > 200 mg/dL nos diabéticos, e o grupo II pelos pacientes com níveis glicêmicos inferiores aos níveis estabelecidos. Analisou-se a associação da hiperglicemia e evolução intra-hospitalar. RESULTADOS: A hiperglicemia de estresse associou-se a complicações intra-hospitalares, aumento da idade e gênero feminino. Na análise multivariada, apenas gênero feminino (OR = 2,04; IC95% 1,03 - 4,06, p = 0,007) e complicações intra-hospitalares (OR = 3,65; IC95% 1,62 - 8,19, p = 0,002) se associaram de forma independente à hiperglicemia na admissão. CONCLUSÃO: A hiperglicemia de estresse é fator preditivo independente para complicações intra-hospitalares após SCA em pacientes diabéticos ou não. Os resultados alertam para a necessidade de avaliarmos a glicemia na admissão em todos os pacientes admitidos por SCA, incluindo os não diabéticos, com o intuito de identificarmos os indivíduos com maior risco de complicações. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In acute coronary syndrome (ACS), admission hyperglycemia is associated with adverse cardiovascular events in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic value of stress hyperglycemia for the in-hospital outcome of patients admitted due to ACS. METHODS: This study included 152 patients admitted to the chest pain unit of a tertiary hospital diagnosed with ACS, who had admission blood glucose data, from September 2005 to February 2010. Group I comprised patients with stress hyperglycemia, defined as admission blood glucose concentration > 126 mg/dL for nondiabetic individuals and admission blood glucose concentration > 200 mg/dL for diabetic individuals. Group II was formed by patients with admission blood glucose concentration lower than those established. The association of hyperglycemia and in-hospital outcome was assessed. RESULTS: Stress hyperglycemia associated with in-hospital complications, age increase and female sex. On multivariate analysis, only female sex (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.03 - 4.06; p = 0.007) and in-hospital complications (OR = 3.65; 95% CI: 1.62 - 8.19; p = 0.002) associated independently with admission hyperglycemia. CONCLUSIONS: Stress hyperglycemia is an independent predictive factor for in-hospital complications after ACS in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. The results highlight the need to assess admission blood glucose concentration in all patients admitted due to ACS, including nondiabetic ones, aiming at identifying those at higher risk for complications.

FUNDAMENTO: Na síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA), a hiperglicemia, à admissão hospitalar, está associada à presença de eventos adversos cardiovasculares em pacientes com ou sem diabetes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o valor prognóstico da hiperglicemia de estresse na evolução intra-hospitalar de pacientes admitidos por SCA. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 152 pacientes admitidos, entre setembro de 2005 e fevereiro de 2010, em unidade de dor torácica de hospital terciário com diagnóstico de SCA, que apresentavam valor da glicemia laboratorial na admissão. O grupo I foi formado pelos pacientes com hiperglicemia de estresse, definida por glicemia na admissão > 126 mg/dL em não diabéticos e > 200 mg/dL nos diabéticos, e o grupo II pelos pacientes com níveis glicêmicos inferiores aos níveis estabelecidos. Analisou-se a associação da hiperglicemia e evolução intra-hospitalar. RESULTADOS: A hiperglicemia de estresse associou-se a complicações intra-hospitalares, aumento da idade e gênero feminino. Na análise multivariada, apenas gênero feminino (OR = 2,04; IC95% 1,03 - 4,06, p = 0,007) e complicações intra-hospitalares (OR = 3,65; IC95% 1,62 - 8,19, p = 0,002) se associaram de forma independente à hiperglicemia na admissão. CONCLUSÃO: A hiperglicemia de estresse é fator preditivo independente para complicações intra-hospitalares após SCA em pacientes diabéticos ou não. Os resultados alertam para a necessidade de avaliarmos a glicemia na admissão em todos os pacientes admitidos por SCA, incluindo os não diabéticos, com o intuito de identificarmos os indivíduos com maior risco de complicações. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In acute coronary syndrome (ACS), admission hyperglycemia is associated with adverse cardiovascular events in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prognostic value of stress hyperglycemia for the in-hospital outcome of patients admitted due to ACS. METHODS: This study included 152 patients admitted to the chest pain unit of a tertiary hospital diagnosed with ACS, who had admission blood glucose data, from September 2005 to February 2010. Group I comprised patients with stress hyperglycemia, defined as admission blood glucose concentration > 126 mg/dL for nondiabetic individuals and admission blood glucose concentration > 200 mg/dL for diabetic individuals. Group II was formed by patients with admission blood glucose concentration lower than those established. The association of hyperglycemia and in-hospital outcome was assessed. RESULTS: Stress hyperglycemia associated with in-hospital complications, age increase and female sex. On multivariate analysis, only female sex (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.03 - 4.06; p = 0.007) and in-hospital complications (OR = 3.65; 95% CI: 1.62 - 8.19; p = 0.002) associated independently with admission hyperglycemia. CONCLUSIONS: Stress hyperglycemia is an independent predictive factor for in-hospital complications after ACS in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. The results highlight the need to assess admission blood glucose concentration in all patients admitted due to ACS, including nondiabetic ones, aiming at identifying those at higher risk for complications.

Since many traits are involved in both female mating decisions and male contest outcomes, female mate choice and male competition can act in concert to intensify sexual selection on male traits, or in opposition to weaken it. In the sexually dimorphic annual killifish, Austrolebias charrua, we evaluated the effect of male body size on female mate choice, male-male competition, and their interaction. We carried out an experiment with three consecutive stages: (i) female choice test between males of different size in a classic two-choice device, (ii) agonistic interactions between males used in the previous stage, and (iii) a second female choice test to evaluate preference consistency in females that either were allowed or were prevented from observing the male competition. Larger males were preferred by females and became socially dominant in agonistic interactions. Further, females were consistent in their choices, and this consistency was independent of whether they had observed or not the male contest. Our research shows that, in A. charrua, intrasexual competition and female mate choice act in concert with respect to male body size. The unique life-history of Austrolebias and the high repeatability of mate-choice assays make this system a promising candidate for studies of behavioural evolution.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-01-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:49:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sartin_acp_me_bauru.pdf: 2377399 bytes, checksum: d4b29001d0dcb0173350d8175fba63b3 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O presente trabalho possui como foco principal a apresentação de proposições técnicas para a avaliação da suscetibilidade eletromagnética de cabos metálicos isolados, blindados ou não, para atender aos sistemas de supervisão, proteção, comunicação e controle de subestações de alta tensão frente às interferências eletromagnéticas provocadas pelas descargas atmosféricas, manobras de chaveamento, campo magnético na frequência de 60Hz e do efeito corona. Para a realização destas proposições foram analisados e estudados diversos cabos usados em uma subestação de 440kV. A diretriz metodológica adotada nesta pesquisa incorporou simulações de modelo computacional, ensaios laboratoriais recomendados pelas normas e publicações técnicas correlatas com a finalidade de identificar os efeitos provocados pelas interferências eletromagnéticas nesses cabos. Os resultados obtidos conduziram a uma análise da interferência eletromagnética nos diversos cabos avaliados fornecendo, assim, um valor de imunidade de cada cabo estudado. Constatou-se que os cabos sem blindagem devem ser usados com reservas e podem ser instalados em sistemas poucos sujeitos a interferências eletromagnéticas ou promover uma blindagem adicional. Os cabos blindados, menos suscetível a interferências eletromagnéticas, podem ser instalados em pátios de subestações, entretanto devem-se tomar os devidos cuidados com o aterramento da blindagem. Desta forma, a pesquisa realizada contribuiu para o desenvolvimento de um procedimento técnico para o uso adequado de cabos em questão visando minimizar os efeitos provocados pelas interferências eletromagnéticas nos sistemas de supervisão, proteção, comunicação e controle presentes em subestações de alta tensão. The main focus of this work is the presentation of technical propositions to assessing the electromagnetic susceptibility of isolated metallic cable, shielded or not, in order to comply with the supervision, protection, communication and control systems of high voltage substations in the presence of electromagnetic interferences caused by lightning discharge, switching maneuver, electromagnetic field at 60Hz and corona effect. Several cables used in 440 kV substation were analyzed and studied for accomplishing these propositions. The methodological guideline adopted in this research has included simulations of computational models, laboratorial tests recommended by standards and technical publications correlated in order to identifying the effects provoked by electromagnetic interferences to these cables. The obtained results led to an analysis of the electromagnetic interference in the several cables assessed, thus providing a value of immunity for each cable studied. It was verified that cable without shielding must be employed with restrictions and can be installed in systems which are little subject to electromagnetic interference or to promote an additional shielding. The shielding cables less susceptible to the electromagnetic interference can be installed in substation courtyard; however, it is important to pay special attention to the grounding of the shielding. Thus, this research contributed to the development of a technical proceeding for employing the mentioned cables suitably, aiming at minimizing the effects provoked by the electromagnetic interferences in the supervision, protection, communication and control systems which are present at the high voltage substations.

One of the most common complications of Systemic Arterial Hypertension is the hypertensive crisis(1) characterized by a symptomatic elevation of blood pressure (BP) with or without involvement of target organs, which may lead to immediate or potential risk to life. The hypertensive crisis may manifest itself as hypertensive emergency or urgency. In the emergency there is fast deterioration of target organs and immediate risk to life, a situation that does not occur in hypertensive urgency. On the other hand, situations in which the patient presents elevated BP due to an emotionally charged, painful or uncomfortable event, with no evidence of lesion of target organs or immediate risk to life, characterize the hypertensive pseudo-crisis, a condition that does not require the use of emergency antihypertensive therapy. Despite this fact, the practice has become widespread of prescribing antihypertensive medication prior to situations believed to present a risk of abrupt BP elevation, irrespective of the symptoms. This study aims at assessing the frequency of prescription of captopril prior to BP elevation in patients hospitalized in a university hospital. It was also intended to map the places (clinical or surgical wards) where this procedure was more frequent.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of subcutaneous (SC) low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) compared to intravenous (IV) non fractioned heparin (NFH) in unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction and post-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.From September/92 to April/94, 314 patients were randomized in two groups. Group I-- 154 patients treated with SC LMWH, using in the 1st phase SC LMWH with a dosage of 160 UaXa IC/kg/day (group IA--92 patients), and in the 2nd, a dosage of 320 UaXa IC/kg/day (group IB--62 patients). Group II--160 patients treated with IV NFH 100UI/kg (bolus), followed by 1000UI/h with adjusted dosage by activated partial thromboplastin time.There was not a statistically significant difference among the three groups in relation to cardiac events, hemorrhagic complications and deaths.The clinical efficacy and safety of SC LMWH in patients with unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction and post-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were similar to IV NFH with the dosages used in this study.

To describe the use of myocardial reperfusion strategies (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty-PTCA and intravenous trombolysis) whenever it is possible to use emergency cinecoronariography in acute myocardial infarction (AMI).The records of patients admitted with initial diagnosis of AMI, until six hours after the beginning of symptoms, were reviewed retrospectively, between March/92 and December/93.One hundred forty-three patients were admitted with suspected AMI. Eighty-one (57%) presented definitive criteria for this diagnosis. Fifty-two patients (64%) were admitted in the first six hours from the beginning of symptoms. Thirty-eight (73%) were male and the mean age was 59 +/- 12 years. Cinecoronariography was indicated immediately in 36 of 52 (69%) patients, with purpose to use PTCA. That was done in 30 (58%). Two (4%) patients were submitted to emergency surgical myocardial revascularization. Intravenous thrombolysis was used in 11 (21%) patients. At admission, the conservative treatment was chosen for five out of nine left patients, based on clinical grounds.The availability of emergency cinecoronariography made an early reperfusion strategy possible in 83% of patients admitted with AMI in the first six hours after the beginning of symptoms.

Trabalho de projecto de mestrado em Engenharia Informática, apresentado à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2008 Submitted by Filomena de Jesus Correia (fjcorreia@di.fc.ul.pt) on 2009-09-25T08:50:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 0708rf_29112.pdf: 1939445 bytes, checksum: 333f573043d4c805a5b8b47feaa58a41 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Filomena de Jesus Correia(fjcorreia@di.fc.ul.pt) on 2009-11-05T12:26:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 0708rf_29112.pdf: 1939445 bytes, checksum: 333f573043d4c805a5b8b47feaa58a41 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-05T12:26:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 0708rf_29112.pdf: 1939445 bytes, checksum: 333f573043d4c805a5b8b47feaa58a41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-20 Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-14T16:27:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1231 bytes, checksum: ec421bfad2738a2f5b39c4827e8dcd08 (MD5) 0708rf_29112.pdf: 1939445 bytes, checksum: 333f573043d4c805a5b8b47feaa58a41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008

Fiscal incomes are vital for Governments, both for central and local agencies, therefore on-line fiscal services will play a key role in the e-Government perspective. The creation of citizen-centered fiscal e-services, however, requires a new citizen-centered institutional and juridical context to be effective. The current Institution-centered scenario, based on the authoritative approach, is in fact unaware about the active citizens’ role in the e-Government perspective, as well as about the deep impact of the information and communication technologies in the citizen s’ everyday life. The paper describes how the extensive application of the regulative approach can be synergic to the extensive adoption of information technologies and user centered e-services to reduce these “normative-informative asymmetries”.