Search

Shellfish growing areas in rural catchments are occasionally affected by elevated faecal contamination from diffuse sources and may be subject to frequent harvest closures/classification downgrades. We combined traditional risk management methods based on sanitary surveys and monitoring of Escherichia coli in seawater and shellfish with faecal source tracking, bacterial source apportionment, and hydrometeorological modelling to determine the causes of elevated E. coli concentrations contributing to harvest closures in Papanui Inlet (Aotearoa New Zealand). These multiple lines of evidence were used to inform a weight of evidence assessment of bacterial contamination in the inlet. Ruminant livestock was estimated to contribute 80% of the faecal coliform loading. Concentrations of E. coli in seawater were low (≤ 87 MPN 100 ml− 1) while those in tuaki (Austrovenus stutchburyi) occasionally exceeded the “Approved” classification limit (230 MPN 100 g− 1). The most frequent positive genetic markers in seawater were the seagull (Catellicoccus marimammalium) (54% of seawater samples), and in shellfish, the bovine and seagull markers (both 12.5% of shellfish samples). Solar radiation was negatively correlated with E. coli in tuaki. We found that the growing area is affected by faecal inputs from animal and, to a lesser extent, human (septic tank discharges) sources which elevate contamination to levels detectable in tuaki but not in seawater, particularly in the summer months. The innovative approach can enhance the management of shellfish growing areas affected by intermittent contamination and enables more targeted action to reduce pollution to improve shellfish water quality.

A associação das epilepsias e da depressão vem sendo abordada desde Hipecrates até os nossos dias. A presente revisão enfoca estudos de prevalência da depressão interictal e dos aspectos relativos à ocorrência de depressão nos pacientes epilépticos.

Desde 1994 vem sendo utilizado no Brasil um equipamento de monitorização eletrencefalográfica ambulatorial (Holter Cerebral) que foi desenvolvido com união da iniciativa privada e a Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer um método de análise, uma classificação das descargas epilépticas encontradas e analisar os resultados da monitorização ambulatorial dos primeiros 100 exames consecutivos de pacientes epilépticos e não-epilépticos, adultos ou crianças, realizados no Setor de Investigação e Tratamento das Epilepsias da UNIFESP. Neste estudo foi possível a identificação de descargas paroxísticas epilépticas e de anormalidades da atividade elétrica cardíaca durante atividades da vida diária dos pacientes.We present the first results of a new medical instrument for ambulatory EEG monitoring (Cerebral Holter ) used in Brazil since 1994. One hundred high quality recordings from epileptic and non-epileptic patients allowed the development of a systematic analysis of EEG and ECG signals, and classification of epileptic discharges during daily life activities.