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Correction officers experience a challenging work environment that increases the risk of encountering violence, physical danger, and traumatic events such as inmate violence and potential assaults ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine National Corrections Collaborative (NCC) activities, as an outreach initiative, to advance corrections workplace health and safety research, practice, and policy through a series of applied Research to Practice (r2p) meetings informed by the Total Worker Health(®)(Total Worker Health(®) is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) (TWH) strategy. METHODS: We mapped the coalescence of correctional worker health concerns, federal and national professional organization initiatives, and research activities that formed the NCC in 2014. RESULTS: During the NCC’s 5-years of TWH activities, attendance increased, partner composition expanded, and themes of concern evolved. Partners were motivated to participate and work together towards building evidence for health and safety r2p. CONCLUSIONS: A unified plea to the academic and federal research communities for assistance with better evaluation instruments, data linkages, and for adopting an integrated TWH approach to workforce health and wellbeing continue to drive NCC r2p activities.

11 pages, 1 table, 7 figures, Rhodium and platinum are amongst the less studied elements in estuarine waters and the understanding of their speciation analysis and environmental fate remains limited. In this study, we address the occurrence and discrimination of soluble/insoluble Rh and Pt species in aquatic systems, as well as their potential transport. Particulate and dissolved (< 0.45 μm) rhodium (RhP and RhD) and platinum (PtP and PtD), respectively, were determined in the water column of contrasting environments during neap (NT) and spring (ST) tide semi-diurnal cycles: in the upper Tagus estuary (VFX) and near the mouth, close to a wastewater treatment plant outfall (ALC). Both elements were analyzed by AdCSV and ICP-MS, as well ancillary parameters were determined. Concentrations of Rh and Pt followed the tidal regime, presenting higher concentrations during low tide. Concentrations of RhP (0.1–5.1 ng g˗1) and RhD (0.03–0.12 ng L˗1) were lower than PtP (1.0–25.6 ng g˗1) and PtD (0.1–11.7 ng L˗1), respectively. Concentrations found in ALC were higher than VFX, except for RhD, mirroring anthropogenic inputs attributed to automotive catalytic converters and an additional Pt source originated in Pt-based compounds. Distribution coefficients (KD) of 104 were computed and were independent of the salinity gradient. The speciation analysis done at VFX during NT showed that truly dissolved forms measured by AdCSV represented 39 ± 9% of total Pt in the water column, while total filter-passing species measured by ICP-MS were higher, 65 ± 14%. Pt speciation was controlled by its dissolved forms, whereas particulate Rh forms represented the bulk value (> 65%). The potential transport evaluated at downstream station indicated recirculation within the estuary and export towards the Atlantic Ocean, with higher concentrations associated with the ebb opposing to the flood. These results show estuaries as important pathways to introduce PGE in coastal regions, transferring them towards the ocean, The Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) is acknowledged for the grant funding SFRH/BD/111087/2015 to CEM and the support of FCT projects PTDC/QEQ-EPR/1249/2014 - REEuse and CQE-IST projects UIDB/00100/2020 and UIDP/00100/2020 (previous funding

9 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, Road dust is a major reservoir of anthropogenic Pt and Rh. However, information about how these elements are released to the aquatic systems under environmentally relevant conditions is scarce. In this work, an innovative combination of analytical strategies is used to provide insight into the speciation analysis of those elements. A composite sample of road dust thoroughly characterized was incubated over 7 days in synthetic rainwater and seawater. In the filtered (, Carlos E. Monteiro acknowledges the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia – FCT) for the grant funding of his PhD (SFRH/BD/111087/2015) and Centro de Química Estrutural multiannual funding 2020 – 2023. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the COST Action TD1407 – ‘Network on Technology- Critical Elements (NOTICE) - from environmental processes to human health threats’, by means of a short term scientific mission support to CEM

16 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, The spatial distribution of Pt and Rh was assessed in Tagus estuary and their sources discussed. Both elements were analysed in superficial sediment samples (n = 72) by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry. Concentrations varied within the following ranges: 0.18–5.1 ng Pt g−1 and 0.02–1.5 ng Rh g−1. Four distinct areas were established: “reference”; waste- and pluvial water discharge; motorway bridges and industrialised areas. The calculated reference median concentrations were 0.55 ng Pt g−1 and 0.27 ng Rh g−1. Linear relationships were found between Pt and Al, Fe and LOI, whereas Rh depicted scattered patterns. The highest concentrations were found nearby industrialised areas and a motorway bridge, corresponding to the enrichment of 10 and 6 times the background of Pt and Rh, respectively. The main sources of contamination to the Tagus estuary derived from historical and present industrial activities and from automotive catalytic converters. Large variations of Pt/Rh ratio (0.48–39) point to different sources, reactivity and dilution effects, Carlos E. Monteiro (CEM) acknowledges the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for the grant funding of his PhD (SFRH/BD/111087/2015). The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge also the support of FCT projects UID/QUI/001002013 and PTDC/QEQ-EPR/1249/ 2014 ‘Recovery versus environmental impacts of Rare Earth Elements derived from human activities’ (REEuse); the COSTAction TD1407, Network on Technology-Critical Elements (NOTICE), from environmental processes to human health threats, by means of a short-term scientific mission support to CEM; and the support of Rute Cesário in part of the field work and ICP-MS analysis

In situ air concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)) and vegetation–atmosphere fluxes were quantified in both high (Cala Norte, CN) and low-to-moderate (Alcochete, ALC) Hg-contaminated saltmarsh areas of the Tagus estuary colonized by plant species Halimione portulacoides (Hp) and Sarcocornia fruticosa (Sf). Atmospheric Hg(0) ranged between 1.08–18.15 ng m−3 in CN and 1.18–3.53 ng m−3 in ALC. In CN, most of the high Hg(0) levels occurred during nighttime, while the opposite was observed at ALC, suggesting that photoreduction was not driving the air Hg(0) concentrations at the contaminated site. Vegetation–air Hg(0) fluxes were low in ALC and ranged from −0.76 to 1.52 ng m−2 (leaf area) h−1 for Hp and from −0.40 to 1.28 ng m−2 (leaf area) h−1 for Sf. In CN, higher Hg fluxes were observed for both plants, ranging from −9.90 to 15.45 ng m−2 (leaf area) h−1 for Hp and from −8.93 to 12.58 ng m−2 (leaf area) h−1 for Sf. Mercury flux results at CN were considered less reliable due to large and fast variations in the ambient air concentrations of Hg(0), which may have been influenced by emissions from the nearby chlor-alkali plant, or historical contamination. Improved experimental setup, the influence of high local Hg concentrations and the seasonal activity of the plants must be considered when assessing vegetation–air Hg(0) fluxes in Hg-contaminated areas.

Seasonal and spatial variations of dissolved and particulate methylmercury were evaluated for the first time in sediment cores from the Tagus Estuary. Results showed the highest MeHg concentrations in summer months indicating that the "seasonally" methylation process occurs not only at the topmost layers of the sediments but also in the deeper layers of the sediment column. The proportion of MeHg (up to 92%) in some of our pore water samples was higher than values reported in the literature for other estuaries suggesting that the sedimentary environment in the Tagus tends to favour Hg methylation. This work points to the importance of seasonal variation of the MeHg production in sediment cores. In physically dominated estuaries this enhances seasonal MeHg production in deeper sediments that can have serious ecological impacts due to resuspension or advection processes under extreme events by the increase of MeHg transported to the water column.

The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of channel governance structure on export performance ex post. The study surveyed 105 foreign buyers of crane services from five countries and used MANOVA to test the effects of channel governance structure on export short term and long term performance outcomes. The study found that short term profitability was higher for indirect distribution channel arrangements while longer term outcomes of buyer economic satisfaction and loyalty were higher for direct. The results suggest that exporters are more likely to achieve immediate financial objectives with the support from indirect channels; however, long term objectives are more effectively achieved through direct channels.

Under northerly winds upwelling is recurrent at the Cape Sao Vicente, SW Iberia, and plays a major role on the distribution of dissolved nutrients and metals. The aim of this work was to characterize the dissolved metals distribution of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), associated with a filament of upwelled water that stretches seaward from the Cape. Additionally, the relationships between labile metals and other oceanographic parameters, such as current velocity and wind field patterns, temperature and salinity, nutrients, chlorophyll a and suspended solids were evaluated. The mass transport of the dissolved metals exported offshore was estimated, after a period of relatively strong and persistent upwelling. At the end of October 2004 a total of 42 CID Rosette casts up to 400 dbar were sampled, distributed on an almost regular grid, together with along-track Acoustic Doppler Current Profile (ADCP) velocities. Seawater samples from two transects across the filament were analysed: one closest to the shore, where upwelling was intense and phytoplankton noticeably grew; and another further offshore where the filament was still well defined, but narrower and less marked despite with the maximum velocity currents. Labile dissolved metals were determined using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The range of the metals recorded at the transect closest to the coast recorded was 0.26-3.8 nM (mean: 0.8 nM) for Zn, 2-11 pM (mean: 3 pM) for Cd and 8-60 pM (mean: 13 pM) while for the offshore transect was: 0.26-5.1 nM (mean: 1.2 nM) for Zn, 2-26 pM (mean 4 pM) for Cd and 8-74 pM (mean: 15 pM). Zinc recorded the highest concentrations, similar at both transects, and like Cd the lowest concentrations were found at near-surface depths. In opposition, the highest Pb concentrations were found at the near-surface depths at the northern stations in both transects. The filament exported more material in the offshore transect than in the transect closest to the coast, corresponding to a maximum export of 135 kmol d(-1) of Zn, 276 mol d(-1) of Cd and 1365 mol d(-1) of Pb. The quantification of the cross-shelf fluxes imposed by the filament did show that metals fluxes are strong enough to play a key role in the oceanographic behaviour of the transition zone between the coastal and offshore waters in the region. Considering the periods of strong upwelling events and the extent of their duration along the year, the amounts of exported water mass which include nutrients, metals and particles must be hugely increased and responsible for the high productivity of the waters. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FCT - Portugal [PDCTM/P/Mar/15296/99] info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Em muitas salas de aula o feedback do professor é oral, quando interage com os alunos ou escrito, quando avalia as suas produções escritas. Mas os recursos tecnológicos e o software educacional estão a criar novos contextos de aprendizagem. Nesta comunicação os objetivos são (a) retomar ideias sobre o feedback em situações de aprendizagem de conteúdos de Estatística mediadas pelo uso de recursos tecnológicos; (b) refletir como estes recursos geram potencialidades no envolvimento com as tarefas; (c) revelar a necessidade de os professores terem a oportunidade de trabalhar com estes recursos antes de os usarem com os alunos. Os resultados ilustram como quando os professores têm oportunidade de explorar contextos onde se recorre a estas ferramentas também eles desenvolvem conhecimentos e competências que lhes dão confiança para os implementar nas suas salas de aula.

En muchos cursos la retroalimentación del profesor es oral, como cuando interactúa con los alumnos, o escrita, como cuando evalúa sus producciones escritas. Pero los recursos tecnológicos y el software educativo están creando nuevos contextos de aprendizaje. En esta comunicación los objetivos son (a) retomar ideas sobre la retroalimentación en situaciones de aprendizaje de contenidosde Estadística, mediadas por el uso de recursos tecnológicos; (B) reflejar cómo estos recursos generan potencial en la participación con las tareas; (C) revelar la necesidad de que los profesores tengan la oportunidad de trabajar con estos recursos antes de usarlos con los alumnos. Los resultados ilustran que cuando los profesores tienen la oportunidad de explorar contextos donde se recurre a estas herramientas, ellos también desarrollan conocimientos y competencias que les dan confianza para implementarlos en sus clases.

With its long and storied history, solitary confinement has fascinated Americans since the birth of the penitentiary in the late 1700s. Once a practice that loomed large in literary representations of a distant and mysterious institution, solitary confinement has more recently been brought to the forefront of public discourse through its many representations across mediums of popular culture. Today, given popular culture’s global reach, the mystique of solitary confinement has diminished sharply, and conversations about this controversial practice are no longer limited to college classrooms, textbooks, and peer-reviewed journals. What many once referred to as a mysterious hole reserved for the worst of the worst offenders and covered for decades primarily through literary formats, is now commonly discussed in the comment sections of investigative reports and YouTube videos depicting footage from actual solitary confinement cells. The comments accompanying such popular culture representations in many ways reflect current debates about the efficacy of the practice. Today, for example, it is easy to come across representations of solitary confinement that showcase its necessity as an effective prison management tool and it is equally easy to find representations that highlight the anguish and burden of solitary confinement. Today, popular media have become one of the most effective mechanisms for disseminating information regarding important social issues, including solitary confinement.

Mercury (Hg) dynamics was evaluated in contaminated sediments and overlying waters from Tagus estuary, in two sites with different Hg anthropogenic sources: Cala Norte (CNOR) and Barreiro (BRR). Environmental factors affecting methylmercury (MMHg) production and Hg and MMHg fluxes across sediment/water interface were reported. [THg] and [MMHg] in solids (0.31–125 μg g−1 and 0.76–201 ng g−1, respectively) showed high variability with higher values in BRR. Porewater [MMHg] (0.1–63 ng L−1, 0.5–86% of THg) varied local and seasonally; higher contents were observed in the summer campaign, thus increasing sediment toxicity affecting the sediment/water Hg (and MMHg) fluxes. In CNOR and BRR sediments, Hg availability and organic carbon were the main factors controlling MMHg production. Noteworthy, an upward MMHg diffusive flux was observed in winter that was inverted in summer. Although MMHg production increases in warmer month, the MMHg concentrations in overlying water increase in a higher proportion compared to the levels in porewaters. This opposite trend could be explained by different extension of MMHg demethylation in the water column. The high concentrations of Hg and MMHg and their dynamics in sediments are of major concern since they can cause an exportation of Hg from the contaminated areas up to ca. 14,600 mg year−1 and an MMHg deposition of up to ca. 6000 mg year−1. The results suggest that sediments from contaminated areas of Tagus estuary should be considered as a primary source of Hg for the water column and a sink of MMHg to the sedimentary column.

Determining the environmental risk of nanoparticles (NPs) requires an in-depth understanding of the NP core, the particle surface coatings and the interactions of the two with environmental matrices. Non-coated ZnO NPs (nZnO) are known to release ionic Zn, contributing directly to the toxicity of these particles. On the other hand, relatively less data are available for particles that have coatings designed to increase particle stability. In this study, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was exposed to either a soluble Zn salt or nZnO with different stabilizers: (i) bare nZnO, (ii) polyacrylic acid-stabilized, nZnO-PAA, or a (iii) sodium hexametaphosphate-stabilized, nZnO-HMP. Multiple techniques were used to quantify particle agglomeration and dissolution. The dissolution of the NPs depended on the stabilizer, with the largest dissolution obtained for the bare nZnO (near total dissolution), followed by the nZnO-PAA. When exposed to the bare and PAA-stabilized nZnOs, bioaccumulation was largely accounted for by free Zn. On the other hand, the bioaccumulation of nZnO-HMP was greater than could be attributed to the release of free Zn from the particles. The increased Zn bioaccumulation was hypothesized to have resulted from the biological stimulation of C. reinhardtii due to phosphate from the particle coating.

The Tagus Estuary is one of the most Hg-contaminated estuaries in SW Europe. Sediment cores were sampled at two low Hg-contaminated sites inside the natural park, Alcochete (ALC) and Vale Frades (VF), and analyzed for mercury and methylmercury. Concentrations of Hg and MeHg in sediments were below 1 μg g−1 and 4.4 ng g−1, respectively. While in summer organic matter and/or excess SO4 2− promotes Hg methylation, in winter, Hg availability is the sole driver for methylation. Diffusive fluxes in the sediment/water interface show a sink of Hg species in the ALC site (ca. 170 mg year−1 of Hg and 60 mg year−1 of MeHg), while in the VF area, a sink of MeHg (ca. 1900 mg year−1) as well as a source of Hg (ca. 2000 mg year−1) is observed. The morphology and hydrodynamic regime of the Tagus Estuary seem to influence Hg dynamics even in areas with low levels of Hg contamination.

Upwelling filaments are mesoscale structures of cold water that stretch seaward in a tongue-like shape with origin in the coastal upwelling zone. Filaments represent preferred pathways for the exchange of water, dissolved and particulate matter from the productive shelf region towards the oligotrophic offshore regions. Upwelling filaments are a common feature of the western margin of the Iberian Peninsula. The culminating point of SW Iberia, the Cape Sao Vicente, is the root of a recurrent well developed filament observed in the satellite imagery during the upwelling season. The Cape Sao Vicente filament was intensively investigated through remote sensing and in situ multidisciplinary observations, carried out during an upwelling favorable wind relaxation event, but just after a relatively intense upwelling period. The upwelling signal was still present and the associated filament, although not fully developed, was evident in the satellite sea surface temperature field. A total of 42 Rosette+CTD casts up to 400 m depth were distributed on an almost regular grid of 15 km mean spacing, with reduced spacing close to the fronts. Ten standard levels were selected for water collection. The sampling was guided by satellite SST imagery transmitted to the ship in near-real time. The parameters sampled during the sea campaign comprised temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a (Chl a), dissolved oxygen, nutrients (nitrates, phosphates and silicates) and metals (cadmium, lead and zinc), along with the velocity field sampled along the ship track through a hull-mounted 38 kHz RDI ADCP and on board meteorological variables. Two transects crossing perpendicularly the filament jet were selected for analysis in this study. The filament transported 0.9 Sv of coastal water offshore. A shallow return flow transporting 0.4 Sv was observed in the southern flank. Vertical velocities of about 15 m/day were found inside the filament. Although this filament may be considered small, the cross-shore transport of Chl a was estimated as 18 tons/day in the root of the filament, where Chl a concentration was higher. The fluxes of the three nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) were weak in the top layers due to their consumption by the growing phytoplankton, increasing with depth. The estimated seaward nutrient mean transports were about 3500 tons/day for nitrates, 450 tons/day for phosphates and 4000 tons/day for silicates. It must be pointed out that the transport of nutrients corresponds to a residual after consumption by phytoplankton. Our observations show a high increase of the export of metals inside the filament core relatively to the surrounding waters, particularly offshore. The estimated offshore transports range from 18 to 26 tons/day of zinc, 17 to 31 kg/day of cadmium and 83 to 282 kg/day of lead, depending of the filament cross section. The survey sampled the Cape Sao Vicente filament just after an upwelling event, but under relaxed winds. In consequence, the filament was not in it most developed stage. Considering the periods of strong upwelling events and the extent of their duration along the year, the amounts of exported matter must be hugely increased and responsible for the high productivity of the waters, showing the vital importance of the upwelling filaments to understand the functioning of the regional ecosystem.

Environmental context The number of nano-enabled products reaching consumers is growing exponentially, inevitably resulting in their release to the environment. The environmental fate and mobility of nanomaterials will depend on their physicochemical form(s) under natural conditions. For ZnO nanoparticles, determinations of agglomeration and dissolution under environmentally relevant conditions of pH, ionic strength and natural organic matter content will provide insight into the potential environmental risk of these novel products. Abstract The increasing use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in industrial and household applications has led to their release into the environment and increasing concern about their effects. Proper assessment of the ecological risks of ENPs will require data on their bioavailability, persistence and mobility over a broad range of physicochemical conditions, including environmentally relevant pH, ionic strength and concentrations of natural organic matter (NOM). In this study, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy was used to determine the agglomeration of a ZnO ENP (nZnO) with a nominal size of 20nm. Particle dissolution was followed using scanned stripping chronopotentiometry. The effects of Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA, 0–60mgL–1) and the roles of pH (4–10) and ionic strength (0.005–0.1M) were carefully evaluated. Agglomeration of the bare nZnO increased for pH values near the zero point of charge, whereas the dissolution of the particles decreased. At any given pH, an increase in ionic strength generally resulted in a less stable colloidal system. The role of SRFA was highly dependent upon its concentration with increased agglomeration observed at low SRFA : nZnO mass ratios and decreased agglomeration observed at higher SRFA : nZnO mass ratios. The results indicated that in natural systems, both nZnO dispersion and dissolution will be important and highly dependent upon the precise conditions of pH and ionic strength.