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α-Actinin-3 (ACTN3 R577X, rs.1815739) polymorphism is a genetic variation that shows the most consistent influence on metabolic pathway and muscle phenotype. XX genotype is associated with higher metabolic efficiency of skeletal muscle; however, the role of ACTN3 polymorphism in oxygen transport and utilization system has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of ACTN3 polymorphisms on hematological and iron metabolism response induced by marathon race. Eighty-one Brazilian amateur male endurance runners participated in the study. Blood samples and urine were collected before; immediately after; and 1, 3, and 15 days after the marathon race. Urine, hematological parameters, iron metabolism, and ACTN3 genotyping analyses were performed. The marathon race induced a decrease in erythrocytes, Hb, and Ht, and an increase in hematuria, creatinine, myoglobin, red cell distribution width, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, direct and indirect bilirubin and erythropoietin. Moreover, an elevation immediately or 1 day after the marathon race follows a reduction 3 or 15 days after the marathon race were observed on transferrin saturation and iron and transferrin levels. Hematological parameters and iron metabolism changes induced by marathon race were not observed in XX genotypes. Hematuria and decreased erythrocytes, Hb, Ht, and iron and transferrin levels were observed only in RR and/or RX genotypes but not in XX genotypes. The percentage of runners with hematuria, leukocyturia, iron deficiency, creatinine, myoglobin, and bilirubin imbalance was higher in RR compared to XX genotypes. ACTN3 polymorphism is associated with iron metabolism and hematological responses after endurance exercise. Despite these results being based on a small sample, they highlight a protective role of the XX genotype on hematological and renal changes induced by long-distance exercise. Therefore, these findings should be further replicated.

Abstract Background: Prolonged aerobic exercise, such as running a marathon, produces supraphysiological stress that can affect the athlete's homeostasis. Some degree of transient myocardial dysfunction ("cardiac fatigue") can be observed for several days after the race. Objective: To verify if there are changes in the cardiopulmonary capacity, and cardiac inotropy and lusitropy in amateur marathoners after running a marathon. Methods: The sample comprised 6 male amateur runners. All of them underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) one week before the São Paulo Marathon, and 3 to 4 days after that race. They underwent echocardiography 24 hours prior to and immediately after the marathon. All subjects were instructed not to exercise, to maintain their regular diet, ingest the same usual amount of liquids, and rest at least 8 hours a day in the period preceding the CPET. Results: The athletes completed the marathon in 221.5 (207; 250) minutes. In the post-marathon CPET, there was a significant reduction in peak oxygen consumption and peak oxygen pulse compared to the results obtained before the race (50.75 and 46.35 mL.kg-1 .min-1; 19.4 and 18.1 mL.btm, respectively). The echocardiography showed a significant reduction in the s' wave (inotropic marker), but no significant change in the E/e' ratio (lusitropic marker). Conclusions: In amateur runners, the marathon seems to promote changes in the cardiopulmonary capacity identified within 4 days after the race, with a reduction in the cardiac contractility. Such changes suggest that some degree of "cardiac fatigue" can occur.

A taquicardia ventricular incessante, definida como aquela com duraçao superior a 24 horas, freqüência acima de 120 sístoles por minuto, refratária à cardioversao elétrica e aos antiarrítmicos disponíveis, é uma arritmia rara e grave, que pode culminar com a morte, se nao for tratada agressivamente. Sao mostrados os resultados imediatos e evoluçao clínica de 6 pacientes portadores deste distúrbio, com idade média de 57 anos, sendo 5 do sexo masculino, tratados por fulguraçao endocavitária com choques elétricos de alta energia. Em 3, havia miocardiopatia chagásica crônica; os demais apresentavam infarto do miocárdio cicatrizado, sendo um deles com artérias coronárias normais. A taquicardia ventricular teve duraçao média de 9,8 dias, refratária à lidocaína, procainamida, propafenona, amiodarona, difenil-hidantoína, potássio e magnésio, administrados por via venosa e a cardioversoes elétricas (92 tentativas) ou estimulaçao artificial endocavitária. O mapeamento eletrofisiológico localizou a origem da taquicardia, nas seguintes regioes: inferior do ventrículo esquerdo, em 3; ínfero-apical do ventrículo esquerdo, em 2; ínfero-lateral do ventrículo esquerdo, em 1. Foram aplicados 2 choques em cada paciente, com intensidade que variou entre 100 e 300J (média de 195,8J). Em 2 casos, foi necessária uma nova sessao de ablaçao, sendo aplicados 4 choques (entre 200 e 300J). Houve reversao da arritmia em todos, sem complicaçoes. Um dos pacientes faleceu 6 meses após o procedimento, por complicaçoes de

Abstract Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is one of the most prevalent congenital heart disease. Its surgical corrections may haemodinamically correct a disease, but the incisions may create scars that will originate ventricular arrhythmias. Even though life threatening arrhythmias are not common, some patients present unstable ventricular tachycardia (VT) of ectopic ventricular beats triggering heart failure and symptoms. We describe the treatment of a 16-years-old woman with late ToF repair and drug refractory Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks. The patient underwent successful ablation of VT using X-ray and anatomic landmarks without the use of electroanatomical mapping. We were able to reduce drugs after one month of ablation and improve quality of life and symptoms. In this paper we describe the indications and perform a brief review of the key points for successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of VT in ToF patients.