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This paper evaluates the corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel (SS316L) matrix composites reinforced with 3% yttria-doped zirconia (3Y·ZrO2), fabricated using the spark plasma sintering. Four different compositions were produced (SS316L, SS316L-5%vol. 3Y.ZrO2, SS316L-10% vol. 3Y.ZrO2, and SS316L-20% vol. 3Y.ZrO2) and primarily assessed for their corrosion resistance evaluated via immersion tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Additionally, densification, surface morphology, microstructure and mechanical properties were characterized as complementary. Densification was measured using the Archimedes method, while surface and microstructural characteristics were analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties were determined through microhardness testing. The results indicate that higher 3Y·ZrO2 content decreases densification and induces porosity, which contributes to localized corrosion. Despite the presence of porosity, microhardness improved with increasing 3Y·ZrO2 content. Additionally, immersion and EIS tests revealed that 5% of 3Y·ZrO2 enhances corrosion resistance. However, in composites with 10% and 20% 3Y·ZrO2, porosity compromises corrosion resistance by degrading passivation. Notably, composites with 5% 3Y·ZrO2 demonstrated significantly better corrosion resistance compared to pure SS316L and the other compositions, highlighting their potential for practical applications.

Abstract Background Periodontal disease (PD) is an infectious and inflammatory condition that affects the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. It has been suggested that PD may be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Our study aimed to investigate the association between PD and CVD through an umbrella review. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted until April 2024 across various electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, SciELO, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and OpenGrey. Systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis were considered for inclusion, without any limitations on time or language, provided they examined primary studies linking PD with CVD. The AMSTAR-2 tool was employed to assess the quality and overall confidence of the included studies. Results After the initial search, a total of 516 articles were identified. Following the application of selection criteria, 41 articles remained for further consideration. All these studies indicated an association between PD and CVD, with odds ratios and risk ratios ranging from 1.22 to 4.42 and 1.14 to 2.88, respectively. Conclusions Systematic reviews with high overall confidence support the association between PD, tooth loss, and cardiovascular diseases. However, it is crucial to interpret these results with caution due to methodological limitations. The potential public health relevance justifies preventive and corrective oral health strategies. Additionally, the need for rigorous future research is highlighted to strengthen the evidence and guide effective public health strategies.

Abstract Introduction Boron (B) is critical for plant growth, yet its movement in soil is often hindered by leaching and adsorption, leading to deficiencies. Tackling these issues is essential for boosting agricultural productivity, especially in plants like Eucalyptus with high B needs. This paper aims to address these challenges by evaluating B-doped biochar composites (biochar-B) that enhance B distribution and stability in the soil, focusing on Eucalyptus grandis cultivation in two distinct oxisol types. Materials and methods Biochar-B composites were created using shrimp carcass (FSC), chicken manure (FCM) and sewage sludge (FSS), combined with boric acid (BA) and borax (BX), and pyrolyzed at 300 °C and 550 °C. The experimental design was a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. Results Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed successful B integration and interaction with organic matrices, highlighting functional groups responsible for composite properties. This facilitated the development of highly predictive partial least squares (PLS) regression models (R 2pred ~ 0.8). The FSC-BA composite at 300 °C showed notable thermal stability, B retention and availability, enhancing B release kinetics. Discussion These findings emphasize the importance of considering the soluble B rate in composite applications for Eucalyptus cultivation. The use of these composites provides a sustainable method for gradual B release, potentially outperforming conventional fertilization techniques. This approach may lead to improved plant growth and productivity. Further field investigations are recommended in order to validate these findings and refine sustainable fertilization strategies; thus, benefiting a range of crops. Graphical abstract

Este trabajo permite divulgar metodologías aplicadas para la estimación de la contribución de diferentes fuentes de emisión sobre la calidad del aire, a partir de datos históricos de caracterización del PM2.5 en la ciudad de Medellín, entre 2009 y 2011, como línea base para estudios actuales en la temática. El análisis completo de las variaciones horarias en los datos de concentración de PM2.5, muestran que existe un claro comportamiento estacional de los datos, con pico claramente diferenciado en horas de la mañana. Este fenómeno está relacionado con la influencia del tráfico vehicular y condiciones de dispersión de contaminantes en el Valle de Aburrá, Colombia. Un análisis químico de las muestras recogidas confirmó la influencia del tráfico en las concentraciones de PM2.5. Finalmente, a partir de la caracterización PM2.5 se aplicó el modelo PMF para identificar las fuentes de aporte de PM2.5 en tres zonas del área urbana con alta movilidad.

Agriculture drones face important challenges regarding autonomy and construction, as flying time below the 9-minute mark is the norm, and their manufacture requires several tests and research before reaching proper flight dynamics. Therefore, correct design, analysis, and manufacture of the structure are imperative to address the aforementioned problems and ensure a robust build that withstands the tough environments of this application. In this work, the analysis and implementation of a Nylamid motor bracket, aluminum sandwich-type skeleton, and carbon fiber tube arm in a 30 kg agriculture drone is presented. The mechanical response of these components is evaluated using the finite element method in ANSYS Workbench, and the material behavior assumptions are assessed using a universal testing machine before their implementations. The general description of these models and the numerical results are presented. This early prediction of the behavior of the structure allows for mass optimization and cost reductions. The fast dynamics of drone applications set important restrictions in ductile materials such as this, requiring extensive structural analysis before manufacture. Experimental and numerical results showed a maximum variation of 8.7% for the carbon fiber composite and 13% for the Nylamid material. The mechanical properties of polyamide nylon allowed for a 51% mass reduction compared to a 6061 aluminum alloy structure optimized for the same load case in the motor brackets design. The low mechanical complexity of sandwich-type skeletons translated into fast implementation. Finally, the overall performance of the agriculture drone is evaluated through the data gathered during the flight test, showing the adequate design process.

This research focused on intervening in the optimization algorithm used by the Computational Reverse-Engineering Analysis for Scattering Experiments (CREASE) tool to analyze small-angle scattering (SAS) profiles using the Rigid-Body model. CREASE uses the genetic algorithm (GA) with dynamic adaptation as its optimization algorithm. The aim is to evaluate the performance of CREASE by replacing the GA with a Harmony Search (HS)-based metaheuristic, specifically the Nobel Global Harmony Search (NGHS), in the analysis of SAS profiles of low-concentration solutions vesicles-assembled amphiphilic macromolecules. Results showed that NGHS achieved similar accuracy to GA but with higher efficiency, achieving similar quality solutions with only one-sixth, and in some cases one-tenth, the number of fitness function evaluations used by GA. Besides, CREASE-NGHS achieved SAS profile analysis convergence with less than half the number of fitness function evaluations, saving computational resources and facilitating a more complete analysis. In addition, NGHS addressed some shortcomings of the GA optimization process and facilitated its use and adaptation to distinct types of samples for users with little experience in optimization.

Las destrezas auditivas en la enseñanza-aprendizaje del inglés son una capacidad fundamental cuando se trata de aprender un segundo idioma, en este contexto, la presente investigación de tipo exploratoria supone un análisis de varias herramientas TIC y su adecuación en función de la enseñanza de la destreza auditiva. A lo largo del texto se presenta una breve descripción de cada herramienta tecnológica identificada con el fin de valorar sus características y usos en diversos contextos académicos. En términos metodológicos, se trata de una investigación cualitativa de base documental, elaborada mediante el arqueo de fuentes documentales de comprobado valor académico, bajo una perspectiva próxima a la fenomenología educativa, interesada en describir las experiencias de aprendizaje de las personas, sin sesgos teóricos confirmatorios. En sus conclusiones generales, la investigación mostró que, en el ámbito educativo, la integración de TIC no solo facilita el acceso a materiales auténticos y actualizados, sino que también permite una evaluación más personalizada y continua del progreso de los estudiantes. Esto no significa que estas herramientas sean infalibles ni que puedan responder a todas las necesidades y expectativas de todas las comunidades de aprendizaje, pero más allá de esta realidad, las TIC son una opción en desarrollo constante.

Abstract Background Poverty is a well-known risk factor for poor health. This scoping review (ScR) mapped research linking early childhood caries (ECC) and poverty using the targets and indicators of the Sustainable Development Goal 1 (SDG1). Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus in December 2023 using search terms derived from SDG1. Studies were included if they addressed clinically assessed or reported ECC, used indicators of monetary or multidimensional poverty or both, and were published in English with no date restriction. We excluded books and studies where data of children under 6 years of age could not be extracted. We charted the publication year, study location (categorized into income levels and continents), children age, sample size, study design, measures of ECC, types and levels of poverty indicators and adjusted analysis. The publications were also classified based on how the relation between poverty and ECC was conceptualized. Results In total, 193 publications were included with 3.4 million children. The studies were published from 1989 to 2023. Europe and North America produced the highest number of publications, predominantly from the UK and the US, respectively. Age-wise, 3–5-year-olds were the most studied (62.2%). Primary studies (83.9%) were the majority, primarily of cross-sectional design (69.8%). Non-primary studies (16.1%) included reviews and systematic reviews. ECC was mainly measured using the dmf indices (79.3%), while poverty indicators varied, with the most common used indicator being income (46.1%). Most studies measured poverty at family (48.7%) and individual (30.1%) levels. The greatest percentage of publications addressed poverty as an exposure or confounder (53.4%), with some studies using poverty to describe groups (11.9%) or report policies or programs addressing ECC in disadvantaged communities (11.4%). In addition, 24.1% of studies requiring adjusted analysis lacked it. Only 13% of publications aligned with SDG1 indicators and targets. Conclusion The ScR highlight the need for studies to use indicators that provide a comprehensive understanding of poverty and thoroughly examine the social, political, and economic determinants and impact of ECC. More studies in low and middle-income countries and country-level studies may help design interventions that are setting- and economic context-relevant.

AIM: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a pro-inflammatory condition leading to wasting states such as sarcopenia. We aimed to describe the effect of COPD and sarcopenia on mortality in Costa Rican older adults in the Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study (CRELES). METHOD: This is a secondary analysis of the CRELES, a cohort study consisting of three waves of interviews. For the current study, data from the first and third waves were used. The dependent variable was survival status. COPD and sarcopenia were independent variables. Bivariate analyses were used to compare mortality curves for each group. Association with 3-year mortality was tested with Cox regression models, and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated as a measure of the strength of association. RESULTS: Of a total of 2704 participants, 54.29% (n = 1468) were women. Overall mortality was 9.05%. Sarcopenic older adults had the strongest association with mortality (HR = 2.65; 95%CI, 1.81–3.90; p < 0.001), followed by those with both COPD and sarcopenia (HR = 2.59; 95%CI, 1.37–4.92; p = 0.003). The weakest association with mortality was found in patients with neither COPD nor sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS: The synergistic effect of sarcopenia and COPD has been shown to independently increase mortality in older patients. Our results may be applicable to both Latin American residents and subjects of Hispanic descent living in developed countries. Sarcopenia should be assessed in all patients with COPD since the latter is not a disease limited to the lungs, but rather a systemic disease.

Different global agendas have discussed the role of soils in mitigating and reducing global problems related to climate change, food security, biodiversity and erosion, among others. With this in mind, the aim was to draw up an overview of the main soil agendas in Europe and Brazil, analysing their impact on the establishment of legal frameworks for soil use and conservation. In Brazil, pastures are seen as an important alternative for converting degraded areas into ecosystem services. To this end, a literature review was carried out using databases on the Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and Scielo platforms, as well as consulting documents from the European Union Missions in Horizon Europe and Brazilian legislation on the subject. In a pilot river basin, the Potential for Conservation Use (PCU) method was applied, which is used in Brazil to assess the impacts of different uses on the natural capital of soils, serving as a metric to guide public soil conservation policies. It was concluded that, on the European scene, discussions on soils have taken place in an integrated and organised way, with actions to mobilise different players in society. In Brazil, even though there are important legal frameworks, actions are still restricted and disjointed, pointing to the need for progress in soil governance. In both scenarios, there is a need for scientifically validated metrics at regional scales that can contribute to a harmonised database capable of subsidising the development of efficient public policies to advance soil conservation at a global level.

This research aimed to identify the principal factors predicting social welfare and inequality in the neighbourhoods of Madrid city. A comprehensive dataset representing various socioeconomic metrics of Madrid’s neighbourhoods is analysed utilising different linear regression models and the XGBoost machine learning algorithm. The findings indicate that demographic variables play a crucial role in shaping social welfare and inequality in Madrid's neighbourhoods, with the percentage of women, and the percentage of children under 14 years old and adults over 65 years old being the most important variables for predicting social welfare and inequality in the studied neighbourhoods. Contrary to expectations, the average net income per household does not emerge as a significant predictor. Policymakers and urban planners should consider these factors to ensure equitable development and welfare distribution. The low impact of average net income per household on social welfare and inequality observed in this study should be regarded with some caution, but our findings certainly underline the need for a deeper understanding of socioeconomic dynamics in urban settings.

Classes de Recomendação Classe I: Condições para as quais há evidências conclusivas e, na sua falta, consenso geral de que o procedimento é seguro e útil/eficaz. Classe II: Condições para as quais há evidências conflitantes e/ou divergência de opinião sobre a segurança e utilidade/eficácia do procedimento. Classe IIa: Peso ou evidência/opinião a favor do procedimento. A maioria aprova. Classe IIb: Segurança e utilidade/eficácia menos estabelecidas, havendo opiniões divergentes. Classe III: Condições para as quais há evidências e/ou consenso de que o procedimento não é útil/eficaz e, em alguns casos, pode ser prejudicial. Níveis de Evidência Nível A: Dados obtidos a partir de múltiplos estudos randomizados de bom porte, concordantes e/ou de metanálise robusta de estudos randomizados. Nível B: Dados obtidos a partir de metanálise menos robusta, a partir de um único estudo randomizado e/ou de estudos observacionais. Nível C: Dados obtidos de opiniões consensuais de especialistas.

Ecuador is one of the world’s leading banana exporters; however, low productivity resulting from inadequate agronomic management requires an analysis of banana production units. This study aimed to define the types of banana production units based on the different agronomic management practices adopted by producers in two Ecuadorian provinces. Data from the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC) for 2021 were used, with a sample of 319 production units. Principal component and cluster analyses were applied to identify the different types of production units, resulting in four types: high technology conventional (Cluster 1), balanced conventional (Cluster 2), intensive conventional (Cluster 3), and agroecological (Cluster 4). It is important to highlight that 58% of the production units are intensive conventional and use an average of 3.5 management practices, with 98% using fertilizers, 100% using fungicides and pesticides, and 45% using improved genotypes. In contrast, agroecological production is still incipient in Ecuador (4.7%). Regression analysis showed that waste is important in high-yield production units in the three clusters. In addition, Cluster 2 relied on regional factors, family labor, and irrigation efficiency, while in intensive conventional farms (Cluster 3), banana yield was related to fungicide application. Therefore, public policies should be customized according to cluster-specific characteristics to optimize agronomic management practices and facilitate their transfer among groups.

Combined Kelly syndrome, also known as anterior hyperfunction syndrome, is a complex pathological condition of the stomatognathic system, originally established by five characteristics but primarily triggered by edentulism, specifically, the absence of the upper and posterior mandibular teeth. This condition is characterized by a series of clinical features, such as bone loss, tuberosity growth, enamel wear, periodontal damage, muscle fatigue, pain, and temporomandibular joint issues. However, these features are not unique and rather reflect an oral hyperfunction state. There is a lack of consensus on the best way to assess and diagnose this condition, which is proposed to be understood as an “oral hyperfunction state” rather than a syndrome. This study aims to conduct a literature review to analyze the available information on anterior hyperfunction syndrome in dentistry, with the goal of proposing a conceptual model of the etiological risk factors that contribute to early diagnosis and the prevention of complications. This approach has important clinical implications, as it would allow for the early identification and management of risk factors, thus improving the quality of life of patients and preventing malpractice that could compromise their oral health.

Abstract Background Previne Brasil is a new way of financing Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil that places users of public health services at the center of the system’s analysis and attention through the use of seven performance indicators. This study aims to analyze the performance of Primary Health Care in Brazil under the new financing model (Previne Brasil) in the period from the first four months of 2022 to the first four months of 2023. Methods This is a territorial ecological study using secondary data from the Primary Care Health Information System (SISAB). Seven performance indicators were included and analyzed according to Brazil, its regions, states and capitals. A comparative descriptive analysis was carried out between the spatial units. Results Of the seven indicators analyzed, only one (Proportion of pregnant women tested for syphilis and HIV) reached the proposed target considering the average of the four-month periods evaluated (target: 60%; Observed: 62.5%). The Northeast was the region with the best performance, surpassing the target in three of the seven indicators (prenatal consultations, tests for syphilis and HIV in pregnant women and dental care for pregnant women). The states and capitals showed progressive improvement in the performance indicators over the four quarters analyzed, although unevenly between the indicators. The indicators related to hypertension and diabetes were the worst. The Final Synthetic Indicator (FSI) showed an increase in the median over the four quarters (4.78; 5.65; 6.02 6.29), which represents an increase of 1.51 in the indicator between the first four months of 2022 and the first four months of 2023. Conclusion Although there have been improvements in the performance of Primary Health Care in Brazil, the achievement of the agreed targets for the indicators seems a long way off. The socio-spatial inequalities in the indicators reflect the country’s health complexity and reinforce the need for policies that take into account the local-regional context.

Abstract The present work deals with developing a method for revalorizing steel residues to create sunlight-active photocatalysts based on iron oxides. Commercial-grade steel leftovers are oxidized under different combinations of pH and temperature (50–90 °C and 3 ≥ pH ≤ 5) in a low energy-intensive setup. The material with the highest production efficiency (yield > 12%) and magnetic susceptibility (χm = 387 × 10−6 m3/kg) was further explored and modified by diffusion of M2+ (Zn and Co) ions within the structure of the oxide using a hydrothermal method to create ZnFe2O4, CoFe2O4 and combined Co–Zn ferrite. (Co–Zn)Fe2O4 displayed a bandgap of 2.02 eV and can be activated under sunlight irradiation. Electron microscopy studies show that (Co–Zn)Fe2O4 consists of particles with diameters between 400 and 700 nm, homogeneous size, even distribution, and good dispersibility. Application of the developed materials in the sunlight catalysis of black liquors from cellulose extraction resulted in a reduction of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (− 15% on average) and an enhancement in biodegradability (> 0.57 BOD/COD) after 180 min of reaction. Since the presented process employs direct solar light, it opens the possibility to large-scale water treatment and chemical upgrading applications.

Since the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the viral spike protein (S) has become a target to describe appropriate epitopes for vaccine development and to carry out epidemiological surveillance, especially regarding the variants of concern (VOCs). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of mutations on physicochemical properties of S proteins from prototypical SARS-CoV-2 VOCs detected in Amazonian countries. Using multiple computational tools, seven VOCs (B.1.1.7/P.1/B.1.617.2/BA.1/BA.2/BA.4/BA.5) were identified and compared to the ancestral lineage of the virus (B). In all variants, most amino acids were nonpolar; among the polar amino acids, B.1.617.2/BA.1/BA.2/BA.4/BA.5 presented a slightly higher proportion of basic residues and a lower proportion of neutral residues. Unlike B.1.1.7/P.1/B.1.617.2, BA.1/BA.2 had a greater content of secondary structures, such as α-helices and β-sheets. Regarding post-translational modifications, BA.2/BA.4/BA.5 presented fewer glycosylations and phosphorylations. Finally, a more prominent antigenic propensity in the N-terminal domain of BA.2/BA.4/BA.5 and in the receptor-binding domain of B.1.617.2/BA.4/BA.5 was observed. In conclusion, the omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 presented greater sequence variability in S proteins compared to the other VOCs, influencing structural aspects that can potentially modulate its interaction with cellular receptors and recognition by the immune system.

Objetivo: comparar los resultados de la refracción bajo cicloplejia frente al Spot Vision Screener en la detección de errores de refracción en niños de 6 a 12 años que asisten a una clínica institucional de servicios de salud visual de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá. Metodología: estudio prospectivo que evaluó a 65 niños de 6 a 12 años con la versión 1.0.3 del Spot Vision Screener. Se realizó un examen visual completo que incluyó la retinoscopía bajo cicloplejia y se compararon los resultados para establecer correlaciones entre los valores de hipermetropía, astigmatismo y miopía. Resultados: se encontró que no existen diferencias estadísticas ni clínicamente significativas entre las medianas de los valores medidos con el Spot Vision Screener y los obtenidos mediante la retinoscopía bajo cicloplejia para cada tipo de error refractivo, incluidos hipermetropía OD (p=0.060) OI (p=0.907), astigmatismo OD (p=0.173) OI (p=0.696) y miopía OD (p=0.699) OI (p=0.918). Asimismo, se observó que el promedio de tres mediciones con el Spot Vision Screener mejoró la concordancia en la medición (p=0.0306). Conclusiones: los hallazgos indican que el Spot Vision Screener, en particular cuando se promedian 3 mediciones, demuestra una congruencia satisfactoria en comparación con la refracción bajo cicloplejia, sobre todo en la muestra de estudio. Por tanto, podría considerarse como una herramienta fiable para detectar errores de refracción en la población infantil. No obstante, se requieren estudios con muestras más representativas que permitan confirmar estos resultados.

El propósito del presente artículo de investigación es analizar el principio de presunción de inocencia y el uso del polígrafo como prueba de confianza en la Policía Nacional del Ecuador. Se buscó comprender la importancia de estos conceptos en el sistema legal ecuatoriano y su impacto en el debido proceso. La metodología empleada consistió en el uso del método analítico para descomponer y estudiar a fondo cada elemento, mediante el uso de la técnica documental para recopilar y analizar información relevante sobre el tema. Entre los resultados más importantes se destaca la relación entre la presunción de inocencia y la garantía de un debido proceso, así como la controversia en torno al uso del polígrafo como prueba de confianza en la Policía Nacional del Ecuador. Como principales conclusiones se destaca la presunción de inocencia como un pilar fundamental en el sistema legal para garantizar la justicia y equidad; se evidenció que el uso del polígrafo planteado como prueba de confianza genera dilemas éticos y jurídicos en el contexto de la Policía Nacional del Ecuador, puesto que es necesario establecer métodos objetivos para medir la probidad y ética de los funcionarios públicos, en respeto a la dignidad humana y otros derechos conexos. Asimismo, se analizó la necesidad de revisar y ajustar las prácticas inquisitivas que puedan vulnerar los derechos de los individuos en el sistema legal ecuatoriano.

En este artículo reflexionamos sobre los conflictos territoriales y el proceso de etnogénesis por los que atraviesa una población rural de Santiago del Estero. A partir de un trabajo colaborativo con la comunidad Yaku Muchuna, perteneciente al pueblo Tonokoté, nos proponemos interpretar el proceso de autorreconocimiento indígena, que implicó una reconfiguración de la campesinidad con base en un trabajo de memoria y resignificación de automarcaciones de aboriginalidad. Nuestra principal fuente resulta de un informe socioantropológico trabajado conjuntamente para respaldar el uso histórico del territorio de la comunidad a través del armado de genealogías familiares y una cartografía social, en complemento con entrevistas y trabajo de archivo. Concluimos que la reetnización, más allá de presentarse como una estrategia para defender el territorio, pone a jugar memorias al igual que usos y apropiaciones locales del espacio reivindicadas como argumento de su indianidad.

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue investigar la relación entre la tecnología y la gestión empresarial durante el año 2024. Esta investigación se enmarca en un enfoque cuantitativo descriptivo, con un diseño no experimental de tipo transversal. Para la recolección de datos, se empleó un cuestionario como instrumento, el cual facilitó la evaluación de la relación entre las variables de interés. Los resultados revelaron una correlación significativa entre la tecnología y la gestión empresarial, con un coeficiente de correlación de Rho de Spearman de 0.389, considerado como una correlación positiva de magnitud media. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la tecnología ha impactado de manera sustancial en la forma en que se administran las organizaciones, mejorando la eficiencia, la productividad y la competitividad. Se concluye que la adopción continua de tecnologías avanzadas seguirá siendo esencial en el entorno empresarial actual para mantenerse actualizado con las exigencias del mercado y para optimizar las operaciones comerciales

Innovation in agriculture plays a fundamental role in the transition of said production towards more sustainable schemes, hence the importance of its study, especially in relation to production processes. The literature shows that although several studies have been carried out that examine the variables that intervene in the innovation processes in the agricultural sector, there is a lack of studies that examine the innovation processes in Colombia. This is why the fundamental objective of this research is to develop a model that explains the main factors that are related to process innovation in the agricultural sector, using concepts derived from organizational innovation process models developed in the literature. The factors identification methodology used a sample of 1,190 Agricultural Production Units (UPA) collected in the National Agricultural Survey, incorporating only producers from the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia. With this sample, and using for the analysis the variables that are developed in the literature, a principal components factorial analysis was carried out, as well as a second-order confirmatory factorial analysis. The factor analysis shows three latent factors, among them “Innovation in Raw Materials”, “Innovation in crops” and “Innovation in management of External Factors”, which, being the most significant for the process innovation process, should be considered as fundamental part of the government's public policies to facilitate its adoption in Colombian agriculture in the future.

Introducción: La alopecia triangular congénita es un trastorno dermatológico poco frecuente caracterizado por la presencia de una placa alopécica bien delimitada y unilateral localizada habitualmente en la región frontotemporal. En este informe se describe un caso atípico de una recién nacida con lesiones alopécicas bilaterales y simétricas, siendo uno de los pocos casos descritos en la edad neonatal. Presentación del caso: Paciente de sexo femenino, de etnia indígena, con antecedentes médicos menores y desarrollo prenatal y postnatal normal. Los hallazgos clínicos incluyen dos lesiones alopécicas bien delimitadas, de aproximadamente 2 cm x 2 cm en la región temporoparietal, de forma bilateral, con presencia de vello fino y claro a nivel de las lesiones y miniaturización de los folículos pilosos, mientras que la piel subyacente no mostró atrofia ni decoloración. El diagnóstico se basó en las características clínicas y el estudio tricoscópico de las lesiones. Conclusiones: Se planteó el diagnóstico definitivo de alopecia triangular congénita. El diagnóstico diferencial excluyó otras causas de lesiones circunscritas no cicatriciales en recién nacidos. El pronóstico es favorable, ya que se trata de una afección cutánea benigna y no progresiva. El tratamiento se centró en la educación y el apoyo a los padres, evitando intervenciones invasivas. Este informe destaca la importancia del reconocimiento precoz y el enfoque conservador en el tratamiento de esta anomalía.

Abstract Introduction The United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 calls for universal access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), which are crucial elements of health and well-being and fundamental for a life in dignity. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a preventable disease affecting health and quality of life of millions of young children worldwide. This scoping review aims to explore the connection between ECC and access to clean water and sanitation. Methods This scoping review, registered on the Open Science Framework and following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, conducted a thorough search in databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, SciELO) and websites (via Google) in November 2023. The search, without date limitations, targeted studies in English and Spanish linking ECC to SDG6. Exclusions were made for studies solely focusing on ECC without a direct connection to clean water and sanitation. Descriptive statistics summarized the retrieved papers. Results The initial search yielded 303 articles. After removing duplicates, 264 articles remained for title and abstract screening after which 244 were excluded and one report was added through citation searching. The 21 remaining articles underwent full text review. There were no studies on a direct association between access to clean water and sanitation and the prevalence of ECC. There were nine studies that showed indirect associations between ECC and access to clean water and sanitation through the links of: water and sanitation access as a marker for poverty (n = 1), water consumption as a feeding practice (n = 4), and the effectiveness of water fluoridation (n = 4). These were used to develop a conceptual model. Conclusions While it is conceivable that a direct link exists between ECC and access to clean water and sanitation, the available body of research only offers evidence of indirect associations. The exploration of potential pathways connecting water access to ECC warrants further investigation in future research.

[Objetivo] El razonamiento proporcional es un tipo de corriente compleja que implica reconocer comparaciones como la covariación entre magnitudes y comparaciones múltiples. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el razonamiento proporcional de alumnos de telesecundaria unitaria utilizando los niveles propuestos por Karplus (1983) a partir de un micromundo como GeoGebra. En el micromundo, el estudiantado puede explorar y construir significados sobre los objetos matemáticos. [Metodología] Se diseñaron cuatro actividades en GeoGebra, las cuales fueron aplicadas a 18 estudiantes de una telesecundaria unitaria (modalidad educativa en México). [Resultados] Se identificó que los participantes están en niveles iniciales, que responden a estructuras aditivas, cualitativas o erróneas para justificar sus procedimientos. Los niveles más complejos de razonamiento proporcional relacionados con el uso de razones y constantes de proporcionalidad se obtuvieron cuando el estudiantado interactuaba con sus pares y con el micromundo. Los niveles de razonamiento no son mutuamente excluyentes, debido a que el alumnado puede razonar de diferente manera según la situación y las posibilidades del software. [Conclusiones] El uso de micromundos en la exploración del razonamiento proporcional posibilita acciones que no pueden llevarse a cabo en “lápiz y papel”, lo cual brinda la oportunidad de interactuar con construcciones en movimiento, además genera interacciones de reforzamiento o construcción de saberes desarrollados en conjunto.

El proyecto “Eveprim 3.1: un recurso interactivo de Geometría para estudiantes de tercer año de primaria” se llevó a cabo en 2023, a cargo de Escuela de Matemática del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, y tuvo como objetivo la creación de un libro digital que abarcara las habilidades y los contenidos para ese nivel, contemplados en el programa oficial de matemáticas costarricense. En la primera etapa de confección del libro, se llevó a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de textos de tres editoriales costarricenses; se evaluó específicamente si el número de representaciones figurativas de conceptos geométricos era adecuado, la existencia de distracciones en la estructuración y orientación, y la idoneidad de las imágenes de objetos reales. Al considerar las debilidades identificadas, se elaboró el recurso digital, el cual fue posteriormente validado a través del juicio de expertos. El resultado final es un libro interactivo de geometría que se caracteriza por la inclusión de figuras en posiciones no estandarizadas, en términos de su estructuración y orientación, y un alto porcentaje de imágenes reales, a fin de incrementar la capacidad de visualización y comprensión espacial del estudiantado. Además, se fomenta el aprendizaje con representaciones dinámicas al incorporar videos y aplicaciones interactivas de la web.

The development of skills for oral communication in English is a necessity in today's society, given the importance that the use of this second language has acquired, both for academic training and for development in the workplace. Thus, the objective of this article is to demonstrate the impact generated on the development of oral competence at level A2 by the implementation of communicative activities in students candidates to take the international KEY test. The method included surveys to the group of participants from the High Challenge Language Institute in Riobamba, Ecuador. The results show that, regarding the oral competence and performance of former candidates who have taken the KEY international exam, the majority of students had difficulties with some sub-skills during this test and in their performance in classes; It was observed that carrying out these types of activities helps to improve the students' oral expression skills, even more so if they are carried out in an enjoyable and motivating way. It is concluded that the lack of significant practice during the development of the A2 level preparation course at High Challenge Language Institute affects the oral competence of the students.

El estudio examinó la autopercepción de maloclusiones entre estudiantes universitarios en una universidad del nor-oriente peruano durante el 2023, utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo y transversal. La muestra consistió en 1.879 participantes, evaluados mediante dimensión estética del índice de Necesidad de Tratamiento Ortodóntico. Los resultados revelaron que la mayoría de los estudiantes percibieron sus maloclusiones como leves; mientras que un porcentaje menor presentó percepciones moderadas o severas. No obstante, no se detectaron disparidades estadísticamente relevantes en la autopercepción según la carrera, género, edad o ciclo académico. Esta investigación sugiere que la autopercepción de maloclusiones en estudiantes universitarios es predominantemente leve y no se ve influida de manera significativa por factores demográficos o académicos, aunque es importante destacar que la autopercepción de maloclusiones no siempre coincide con la evaluación clínica. Se concluye que es crucial considerar tanto las implicaciones clínicas como las sociales de estos hallazgos, evidenciando que la autopercepción de maloclusiones es un fenómeno universal entre los estudiantes universitarios, independientemente de su perfil demográfico

Las transformaciones empresariales logran impactar significativamente al sistema productivo y al desarrollo económico y social de los territorios. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las empresas familiares del sector comercio que acceden a la formalización en Amazonas-Perú, particularmente, aquellas que lo llevan a cabo en el Asentamiento Humano 16 de octubre, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Perú, durante los años 2021 y 2022. El diseño y tipo de investigación que se empleó fue no experimental, básica, cualitativa y cuantitativa; teniendo como muestra de estudio la constituida por 26 empresarios familiares del sector comercio del Asentamiento Humano 16 de octubre del distrito y provincia de Chachapoyas en Perú. Los resultados confirman que la empresa familiar y la formalización, tienen efectos positivos sobre el comportamiento organizacional. Sin embargo, los resultados no son concluyentes al valorar la relación entre la participación y el capital de la empresa y la comercialización de los productos y servicios, evidenciándose, además, un comportamiento reacio al cumplimiento de sus obligaciones tributarias. Se concluye que, a pesar de haber sensibilizado a los negociantes es conveniente buscar nuevas formas de tributar, por lo que es necesario continuar con capacitaciones en forma personalizada, donde la participación de las universidades, juega un papel importante.

Abstract Background Early childhood caries (ECC) is a multifactorial disease in which environmental factors could play a role. The purpose of this scoping review was to map the published literature that assessed the association between the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, which tried to make cities and human settlements safe, inclusive, resilient and sustainable, and ECC. Methods This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. In July 2023, a search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using tailored search terms related to housing, urbanization, waste management practices, and ECC. Studies that solely examined ECC prevalence without reference to SDG11 goals were excluded. Of those that met the inclusion criteria, a summary highlighting the countries and regions where the studies were conducted, the study designs employed, and the findings were done. In addition, the studies were also linked to relevant SDG11 targets. Results Ten studies met the inclusion criteria with none from the African Region. Six studies assessed the association between housing and ECC, with findings suggesting that children whose parents owned a house had lower ECC prevalence and severity. Other house related parameters explored were size, number of rooms, cost and building materials used. The only study on the relationship between the prevalence of ECC and waste management modalities at the household showed no statistically significant association. Five studies identified a relationship between urbanization and ECC (urbanization, size, and remoteness of the residential) with results suggesting that there was no significant link between ECC and urbanization in high-income countries contrary to observations in low and middle-income countries. No study assessed the relationship between living in slums, natural disasters and ECC. We identified links between ECC and SDG11.1 and SDG 11.3. The analysis of the findings suggests a plausible link between ECC and SDG11C (Supporting least developed countries to build resilient buildings). Conclusion There are few studies identifying links between ECC and SDG11, with the findings suggesting the possible differences in the impact of urbanization on ECC by country income-level and home ownership as a protective factor from ECC. Further research is needed to explore measures of sustainable cities and their links with ECC within the context of the SDG11.

The development of more efficient friction layers for triboelectric nanogenerators is a complex task, requiring a careful balance of various material properties such as morphology, surface roughness, dielectric constant, and surface potential. In this study, we thoroughly investigated the use of cellulose acetate modified with different concentrations of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide to enhance energy harvesting for the TENG. The results indicate that the roughness degree is influenced by the homogeneous degree/aggregation level of doping agents in cellulose acetate membranes, leading to the best performance of open circuit voltage of 282.8 V, short-circuit current of 3.42 µA, and power density of 60 µW/cm2 for ZnO-doped cellulose acetate membranes.

El síndrome de burnout es el reconocimiento de un estrés crónico; sin embargo, y basado en el marco de la Ley 1788 de 2016 y Ley 1595 de 2012 de Colombia, que asegura la promoción y la protección de los derechos de los trabajadores domésticos, ahora bien, en el cumplimiento de sus labores diarias están expuestos a factores de riesgos, que ocasiona la presencia de estrés, fatiga, agotamiento emocional, entre otras patologías, por lo anterior, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo conocer la presencia del Síndrome de Burnout en trabajadores domésticos de Colombia. Se apropia la metodología cuantitativa de tipo descriptiva con la aplicación del instrumento Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) conformado por 22 ítems con una escala Likert y con una alta consistencia interna y una fiabilidad cercana al 0,9. Aplicado a 401 empleados domésticos o trabajadores. El instrumento permite reconocer que la valoración frente a la escala de realización personal tiene indicios bajos de Síndrome de Burnout, pero con relación a cansancio emocional y despersonalización la condición es medio, con posibilidades altas de presencia de síndrome. La presencia del Síndrome de Burnout se encuentra en una escala media y con alta posibilidad de presencia en el tiempo, por ello, se debe orientar, brindar y acompañar al trabajador doméstico para la prevención del mismo.

The process of thermally cracking hydrocarbons and steam in pyrolysis furnaces to obtain ethylene is essential in the production chain of products relevant to our daily lives, such as fertilizers, polymers, pharmaceuticals, etc. The operating temperature of these furnaces is limited by the occurrence of carburization and/or creep in the metallic alloy used. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of adding Aluminum (Al) at approximately 3 wt%, Titanium (Ti) at around 0.2 wt%, and Zirconium (Zr) at about 0.2 wt% on the carburization and creep resistance of the HPNb alloy. This material is a high-performance nickel-chromium-iron (Ni–Cr–Fe) system alloy enriched with niobium (Nb). Carburization in the samples was investigated by exposure to 1150 °C for 480 h in a carburizing atmosphere. Creep was evaluated through creep-rupture tests with a constant load, performed under a tension of 17 MPa and a temperature of 1150 °C, in four metallic alloys produced by static pouring with different chemical compositions. The data obtained were analyzed using optical microscopy, SEM, EDS, and EBSD. This study’s main findings indicate that while Al enhances carburization resistance, its impact on creep resistance varies depending on exposure to carburizing conditions. The addition of Ti or Zr did not significantly alter carburization resistance but contributed to improved creep resistance under specific conditions. This study provides insights into optimizing alloy compositions for enhanced performance in high-temperature industrial applications.

In tropical and subtropical regions, nitrogen (N) is often limited and significantly impacts corn production costs. In this context, bio-inputs have been used to reduce N and water supplied to plants. This study assesses the impact of varying N levels, Azospirillum brasilense seed inoculation, and biostimulant use on the agronomic performance of summer-grown green corn (Zea mays L.) across three growing seasons (2017/2018, 2018/2019, and 2019/2020). Five N-fertilizer levels (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha-1), two A. brasilense seed inoculation levels (0 and 100 mL ha-1), and two biostimulant doses (0.0 and 1.0 L ha-1) were evaluated in a completely randomized block design, arranged in a 5 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. Results showed that A. brasilense seed treatment did not increase ear yield or kernel protein content (PROT) and reduced PROT when combined with the two highest N levels. The application of biostimulant increased ear weight by 5.08% in the 2018/2019 growing season, leading to an increase in PROT. However, the use of inoculant and biostimulant did not reduce the amount of N-fertilizer applied to green corn plants.

El objetivo es identificar los mecanismos que regulen la participación de las mujeres en la política para garantizar la representación formal mediante una democracia paritaria con una cuota de participación de género y alternancia (varón = mujer), conllevaría al crecimiento y desarrollo de la igualdad de género y al fortalecimiento de una sociedad igualitaria sin discriminación. El método empleado consistió en la consulta de las bases de datos, como: Scopus, Ebsco Host, Proquest y Google Académico. Se incluyeron los artículos relacionados a la historia, participación, representación y empoderamiento de las mujeres en la política. Se excluyeron los artículos relacionados a la igualdad de género de políticas sociales. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian y demuestran el crecimiento paulatino ascendente en los diferentes países del mundo de la participación de las mujeres en la política.

Este estudo analisou a contribuição do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde), edição Interprofissionalidade, na construção de competências interprofissionais por alunos e professores de cursos de graduação e profissionais da rede de saúde municipal. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, que teve como participantes 112 dos 156 integrantes (docentes, discentes e profissionais da rede de saúde municipal) do projeto PET Saúde-Interprofissionalidade de Pinheiro-MA. Os resultados mostram que, para alunos e docentes, o maior avanço foram na capacidade para definir e descrever a Educação Interprofissional (EIP) e sua relação com a atenção colaborativa no trabalho em equipe (98,6% e 100%, respectivamente) e na capacidade para pontuar questões atuais que justificam a necessidade de investimentos na EIP (98,6% e 100% respectivamente). Para os profissionais da rede de saúde municipal, 100% concordaram que o principal avanço foi na compreensão da importância da relação de apoio à participação da pessoa/usuário/paciente, família e comunidade. Conclui-se que o projeto desempenhou um papel fundamental no avanço das competências interprofissionais. Assim, o trabalho da EIP deve permanecer nos cursos de graduação e nos ambientes dos serviços de saúde para melhorar a assistência aos usuários. Palavras-chave: Educação Interprofissional; Educação Baseada em Competências; Extensão Universitária Contribution of the Education through Work for Health Program (PET Health) to interprofessional competence building Abstract: This study analyzed the contribution of the Health Work Education Program (PET-Saúde), Interprofessionality edition, in constructing interprofessional competencies by students and professors of undergraduate courses and professionals from the municipal health network. To this end, a descriptive study with a quantitative approach was carried out, involving 112 of the 156 members (teachers, students, and professionals from the municipal health network) of the PET Health-Interprofessionality project in Pinheiro, MA. The results show that, for students and teachers, the most significant advances were in the ability to define and describe Interprofessional Education (IPE) and its relationship with collaborative care in teamwork (98.6% and 100%, respectively) and in the ability to point out current issues that justify the need for investments in IPE (98.6% and 100%, respectively). Professionals in the municipal health network unanimously agreed on the importance of the relationship of support for the participation of the person/user/patient, family, and community in producing health care. It can be concluded that the project played a fundamental role in advancing interprofessional skills. Therefore, the work of interprofessional education should continue in undergraduate courses and health service environments in order to improve care for users. Keywords: Interprofessional Education; Competency-Based Education; University Extension

La enfermedad renal crónica es un problema de salud global que afecta a millones de personas en todo el mundo. Uno de los tratamientos más comunes para esta condición es la hemodiálisis, que implica la eliminación de toxinas urémicas del torrente sanguíneo mediante un sistema extracorpóreo. Sin embargo, la eficacia de la hemodiálisis puede verse limitada por la presencia de toxinas urémicas de bajo peso molecular difíciles de eliminar mediante técnicas convencionales. En los últimos años, se ha investigado el uso de nanomateriales carbonosos y óxido de silicio como adsorbentes para la remoción de estas toxinas, debido a sus propiedades únicas de alta superficie y capacidad de adsorción. Estos materiales representan una nueva y prometedora clase de adsorbentes para la remoción de toxinas urémicas en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica, que mejoren el porcentaje de remoción en la sangre y aumenten la calidad de vida de los pacientes. En esta revisión, se presenta un análisis detallado de los avances más recientes en el uso de nanomateriales carbonosos y óxido de silicio para la remoción de toxinas urémicas, así como los avances más recientes en este campo, con un enfoque en los mecanismos de adsorción y la eficacia de remoción.

A xenofobia é uma expressão de ódio que nega a alteridade tomando como pressuposto a superioridade de uma nacionalidade sobre outra, manifestada em situações de convivialidade cultural. Com base na notícia “Presença de brasileiros provoca paixão e ódio em Portugal”, publicada em um site do Brasil, buscamos perceber como a perspectiva da convivialidade cultural possibilita identificar xenofobia no contexto das relações que envolvem migrantes brasileiros e pessoas portuguesas. Nos últimos anos, o número de brasileiros que migram para Portugal tem apresentado aumentos substanciais, com distribuição por todo o território português. Em consonância com Padilla e Azevedo (2012), com acréscimos críticos de Costa (2019) e Gilroy (2006), cremos que a noção de convivialidade cultural permite identificar, por meio das relações cotidianas, conflitos, convergências e demais dinâmicas que envolvem viver em contextos de migração.

Background Colorectal surgeries are complex procedures associated with high rates of complications and hospital readmission. Objective This study aimed to develop an electronic post-discharge follow-up plan to remotely monitor patients’ symptoms in the postoperative period of colorectal surgeries and evaluate the outcomes of emergency department visits and the rate of severe complications within 15 days after hospital discharge. Design We developed a digital tool capable of remotely assessing symptoms that could indicate complications related to colorectal surgical procedures and directing early management. This project was divided into two stages. The first was platform development with an algorithm for identifying symptoms and directing conduct, and the second was clinical validation of the program and evaluation of patient's experience. Patients who underwent elective oncological colorectal surgery were invited to participate in this study. We used commercial software (CleverCare) that was adjusted according to the clinical algorithm developed in this study, predicting complications and directing conduct with minimal human intervention using a Chatbot with Natural Language Processing (NPL) and artificial intelligence. Results We planned three Interim Analyses to evaluate the outcomes of complications, referrals to the Emergency Department (ED), ED visits, adherence, and patient satisfaction. After each analysis, specialists validated the changes before implementation. A total of 92 eligible participants agreed to participate in the study. The ability to detect complications increased with each adjustment phase, and after the third and last phase, the digital solution identified 3(4.8%) real complications, with a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 83%, accuracy of 82%, positive predictive value of 27%, and negative predictive value of 97%. Complete adherence to the monitoring program was 83.7% with an NPS score of 94 in the last evaluation phase. Conclusion The digital platform is safe with high adherence rates and good patient acceptance.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the solubility and the potential of hydrogen ions in calcium hydroxide-based lining cements used in dentistry to protect the dentin-pulp complex during rehabilitation treatments. Methods: The evaluated cements bear the commercial names Dycal (Dentsply Sirona), Hydcal (Maquira), Hydro C (Dentsply Sirona), and light-cured Biocal (Biodinâmica). Solubility measurements followed the methodologies proposed by the American National Standards Institute and the American Dental Association, while the potential of hydrogen was determined using a digital pH meter. Results: Solubility exhibited no significant differences either individually or between the groups. Regarding the potential of hydrogen, the results were as follows: Dycal 12.06, Hydcal 12.06, Hydro C 10.5, and light-cured Biocal 8.48, highlighting disparities between the groups. Conclusion: There were no statistically significant differences in the descriptive analysis of the solubility of the tested calcium hydroxide cements. However, the descriptive analysis of the pH of the cements revealed statistically significant variances between the groups.

Introdução A educação superior em saúde vem sofrendo mudanças na área do conhecimento, incorporando estratégias de ensino focadas no estudante, como indicam as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. Os Métodos de Aprendizagem Ativa podem ter potencial para promover a articulação entre universidade e serviços de saúde, favorecendo o senso de responsabilidade social e compromisso com a cidadania para promoção da saúde integral do ser humano. Objetivo Analisar a compreensão dos docentes sobre as possibilidades de desenvolvimento dos Métodos de Aprendizagem Ativa na Graduação em Enfermagem do período noturno. Método Pesquisa Qualitativa e de campo, com 21 docentes dos Cursos Enfermagem do período noturno das duas Instituições, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram interpretados pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, na modalidade Temática, desenvolvida em três etapas: Pré-análise, Exploração do material e Tratamento dos resultados, inferência e interpretação. Resultados Da análise dos dados obtidos, foram estruturadas quatro categorias temáticas: 1-Aprendizagem centrada no estudante- Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas; Protagonismo do estudante; Professor como facilitador e mediador do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem, 2- Fatores que possibilitam a Aprendizagem Ativa no período noturno- Nivelamento inicial e valorização de conhecimentos prévios os estudantes; Capacitação Docente; Uso das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação; Revisão do PPC segundo as DCN; Infraestrutura, 3- Fatores que dificultam a Aprendizagem Ativa no período noturno- Formação tradicional do professor; Grande quantidade de estudantes para realização de visitas, estágios para observação e correlação da teoria com a prática;Dificuldades de docentes e estudantes e 4- Sugestões para desenvolvimento de Métodos de Aprendizagem Ativa no período noturno- Problematização; Sala de aula invertida; TBL; Simulação; Interdisciplinaridade. Considerações finais As diferentes estratégias descritas para a formação indicaram suas possibilidades no ensino de enfermagem no período noturno e demostraram que os professores estão se movimentando para a compreensão e desenvolvimento da Aprendizagem Ativa.

IntroductionLactoferrin (Lf) is an important immunomodulator in infections caused by different agents. During SARS-CoV-2 infection, Lf can hinder or prevent virus access to the intracellular environment. Severe cases of COVID-19 are related to increased production of cytokines, accompanied by a weak type 1 interferon response.MethodsWe investigated the influence of bovine Lf (bLf) in the immune response during SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in vivo assays.ResultsOur results show a strong binding between bLf and TLR4/NF-κB in silico, as well as an increase in mRNA expression of these genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with bLf. Furthermore, the treatment increased TLR4/TLR9 mRNA expression in infected K18-hACE2 mouse blood, indicating an activation of innate response. Our results show that, when bLf was added, a reduction in the NK cell population was found, presenting a similar effect on PD-1 in TCD4+ and TCD8+ cells. In the culture supernatant of PBMCs from healthy participants, bLf decreased IL-6 levels and increased CCL5 in COVID-19 participants. In addition, K18-hACE2 mice infected and treated with bLf presented an increase of serum pro-inflammatory markers (GM-CSF/IL-1β/IL-2) and upregulated mRNA expression of IL1B and IL6 in the lung tissue. Furthermore, bLf treatment was able to restore FTH1 levels in brain tissue.DiscussionThe data indicate that bLf can be part of a therapeutic strategy to promote the immunomodulation effect, leading to homeostasis during COVID-19.

Na primeira década do século XXI, o Povo indígena Truká através de um processo de retomada, conseguiu reaver todo o território da Ilha da Assunção (Cabrobó/PE) das mãos dos posseiros, esse contexto constitui movimentos de reafirmação identitária que envolvem diversas questões políticas, sociais e culturais contemporâneas. A construção do presente texto visa analisar a relação dos Truká com a terra após a reconquista de seus territórios. A pesquisa objetiva compreender as vivências Truká e suas relações identitárias pós retomadas e foi desenvolvida com base na análise do corpus e a partir da categorização, distribuição de códigos, inferência, descrição e interpretação dos dados, dentre as narrativas das lutas, retomadas, cultura, sentimentos de pertencimento e identidade das lideranças indígenas locais. A análise dos códigos e documentações por meio do gerenciador evidenciou em 30 entrevistas realizadas, 11 categorias e 1.304 códigos, destacando-se as ações coletivas, relação com a terra, pertencimento, tradições, cultura e saberes, estabelecendo uma ligação entre as tradições e coletividades, construídas e em construção, que representam os eixos da identidade Truká na atualidade. A escola Truká é resguarda a cultura e fortalece a identidade Truká com o território garantindo a sobrevivência político-social presente nas mobilizações do povo.

Background Patients with ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm are recommended to undergo routine imaging surveillance. Although maximal diameter is the primary metric of disease severity, recent American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines emphasize the importance of aortic growth in determining surgical candidacy and risk. As diameter increases, it is assumed that aortic growth rate accelerates because of increased wall tension; however, this relationship is poorly studied. We aim to investigate the relationship between ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm diameter and growth rate using vascular deformation mapping, a validated technique for 3‐dimensional growth mapping with submillimeter accuracy. Methods and Results We retrospectively identified adult patients with ascending aortic dilation (≥4.0 cm) and serial gated computed tomography angiograms separated by ≥2 years, excluding confirmed heritable thoracic aortic disease. Ascending growth rate was defined as 90th percentile radial wall deformation by vascular deformation mapping. Maximal diameter measurements were derived from the baseline computed tomography angiogram, and aortic length and body size–adjusted indexes were calculated. Among 258 included patients (63.2% men; age of 63 years [interquartile range, 55–69 years]), mean±SD baseline diameter was 46.3±3.6 mm and median growth rate was 0.21 mm/year (interquartile range, 0.13–0.38 mm/year). No correlation was noted between growth rate and baseline diameter (r=0.02, P=0.74) or other aortic size metrics. On multivariate analysis, age was independently predictive of growth rate (β=−0.007, P=0.021), alongside weight (β=0.003, P=0.016) and the presence of moderate or severe aortic valve insufficiency (β=0.146, P=0.049). Conclusions Maximal aortic diameter is not predictive of aortic growth rate, in this contemporary cohort of patients with sizes under current surgical thresholds (

La inversión socialmente responsable (ISR) es fundamental para lograr la sostenibilidad empresarial. Este estudio examina los factores que influyen en la intención y el comportamiento de ISR en pymes de servicios colombianas, aplicando una extensión innovadora de la teoría del comportamiento planificado (TCP). Mediante un diseño no experimental, transversal y correlacional, se encuestó a 413 gerentes para analizar las relaciones entre actitudes, normas subjetivas y control conductual percibido. El modelo TCP se amplió con variables contextuales como presiones externas y facilitadores en la adopción de prácticas de ISR. Los resultados, obtenidos mediante modelado de ecuaciones estructurales (PLS-SEM), revelan que el control conductual percibido es el predictor más fuerte de las intenciones de ISR, seguido por normas subjetivas y actitudes. Adicionalmente, se descubrió que presiones externas y facilitadores influyen en la posterior adopción de comportamientos concretos de ISR. Sin embargo, su adopción responde más a presiones que a convicciones organizacionales siendo esta la principal limitante para adoptarlos. Este estudio confirma la utilidad de la TCP para examinar la adopción de ISR en empresas y destaca la relevancia de incorporar variables contextuales al modelo. La investigación contribuye significativamente a la comprensión de la ISR en economías emergentes y proporciona implicaciones prácticas para organizaciones y formuladores de políticas interesados en fomentar inversiones sostenibles.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the intra and inter observer agreement of the Sauvegrain, Greulich and Pyle methods. Material and methods: This is an observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study ethically approved by opinion 6,192,391. 100 radiographic images of the elbow and 100 of the left wrist and hand were collected from children whose images were selected by a researcher who did not carry out the evaluations. The Sauvegrain, Greulich and Pyle methods were used to determine bone age. We provided a detailed explanation of each method and the evaluators received a file with the study images. After three weeks, the exams were randomized and the radiograms were reevaluated. Of the 100 patients in group A, 61 (61%) were boys and 39 (39%) were girls. In group B, 67 (67%) were boys and 33 (33%) were girls. Four statistical analyzes were used: correlation; intraclass correlation; analysis using the Bland-Altman graph; differences between groups. Results: Intra and interobserver agreement between groups was considered excellent. Conclusions: Despite the excellent agreement, group A presented a significantly better value than B. Biological ages show a greater difference compared to chronological ages in group A. In group B, skeletal and chronological ages do not show statistical difference according to the accuracy test. Level of Evidence III, Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

El uso de la Inteligencia artificial (IA) en la Medicina de laboratorio (ML) ha provocado un salto cualitativo en el diagnóstico de enfermedades que aquejan al ser humano. El desarrollo de robots para la medición, cálculo y predicción ha aumentado la confiabilidad, validez y reproducibilidad de las pruebas diagnósticas con IA, induciendo a una fácil elección de dicha tecnología en el laboratorio clínico. Sin embargo, la IA en la ML entraña una serie de reflexiones éticas que deben considerarse. La incipiente tecnología en desarrollo, la presencia de sesgos cognitivos en los algoritmos y datos, la incertidumbre del funcionamiento del robot, las limitaciones tecnológicas, la amenaza a la privacidad y la ausencia de un marco legal abren conflictos éticos que laceran la equidad, la seguridad y la autonomía del hombre. El imperativo tecnológico de la IA en la ML no debe superar la responsabilidad, ni atentar contra la dignidad de la persona.

Effective waste management is essential for maintaining a clean and sustainable urban environment. This paper addresses the waste collection challenges in Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico, by integrating data mining techniques with the vehicle routing problem (VRP). The goal is to optimize waste collection routes and schedules to minimize costs, reduce fuel consumption, and enhance operational efficiency. The study leverages historical waste collection data, demographic information, and geographic data to comprehensively understand waste generation patterns, population density, and infrastructure layout. The data mining process involves exploratory analysis, clustering, and classification techniques to identify critical variables and patterns that influence waste generation and collection. This information is used to design efficient collection routes, considering factors such as distance, capacity constraints, traffic patterns, and time windows. The VRP model is then applied to allocate waste collection vehicles optimally, ensuring that each route is serviced within the designated timeframe. The model aims to minimize the number of vehicles used, optimize capacity utilization, and reduce travel distances. Additionally, real-time data on vehicle status, traffic conditions, and waste generation rates are integrated to adjust routes and schedules to improve operational efficiency dynamically. This approach provides waste management authorities in Torreón with valuable insights and tools to enhance waste collection operations. By leveraging data mining and VRP techniques, the study aims to improve waste management practices, reduce environmental impact, and promote a cleaner, healthier environment for residents of Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico.

Objetivos: Conocer el efecto de la autotrascendencia sobre el bienestar, por lo cual se planteó la hipótesis que indica que a mayor autotrascendencia (intrapersonal, interpersonal y transpersonal [espiritualidad]) mayor bienestar (físico, psicológico y social) en los adultos mayores. Metodología: estudio descriptivo correlacional. La población fueron adultos mayores de ambos sexos. El muestreo fue probabilístico aleatorio estratificado, la muestra total fueron 251 adultos mayores. Resultados: El efecto de la autotrascendencia y la espiritualidad fue significativo (F(1,249) = 4.24, p=.015) sobre el bienestar físico (consumo de alcohol sensato) explicando el 25% de la varianza total. Respecto al efecto de estas mismas variables sobre el bienestar psicológico se puede observar que el modelo fue significativo (F(1,249) = 51.52,p=.001) explicando el 28.8% de la varianza total. Por último se identificó que el efecto de la autotrascendencia y la espiritualidad sobre el bienestar social fue significativo (F(1,249) = 31.00, p=.001), este modelo explicó el 20.0% de la varianza total. Conclusiones: La autotrascendencia (intra e interpersonal y transpersonal [espiritualidad]) tiene efecto sobre el bienestar físico (consumo de alcohol sensato), bienestar psicológico y social. Debido a los resultados se considera que la enfermería debe de abordar estas problemáticas de estudio bajo marcos teóricos que promuevan el desarrollo integrar en el adulto mayor y facilitar el bienestar de la persona en todas las etapas de la vida. ABSTRACT Objectives: To know the effect of self-transcendence on well-being, for which the hypothesis was raised that indicates that the greater the self-transcendence (intrapersonal, interpersonal and transpersonal [spirituality]), the greater the well-being (physical, psychological and social) in elderly. Methodology: predictive descriptive study. The population was older adults of both sexes. The sampling was stratified random probabilistic, the total sample was 251 older adults. Results: The effect of self-transcendence and spirituality was significant (F(1,249) = 4.24, p=.015) on physical well-being (sensible alcohol consumption) explaining 25% of the total variance. Regarding the effect of these same variables on psychological well-being, it can be seen that the model was significant (F(1,249) = 51.52, p=.001) explaining 28.8% of the total variance. Finally, it was identified that the effect of self-transcendence and spirituality on social well-being was significant (F(1,249) = 31.00, p=.001), this model explained 20.0% of the total variance. Conclusions: Self-transcendence (intra- and interpersonal and transpersonal [spirituality]) has an effect on physical well-being (sensible alcohol consumption), psychological and social well-being. Therefore, it is considered that nursing should address these study problems under theoretical frameworks that promote the comprehensive development of the elderly and facilitate the well-being of the person at all stages of life.

Summary: Background: Surgical care holds significant importance in healthcare, especially in low and middle-income countries, as at least 50% of the 4.2 million deaths within the initial 30 days following surgery take place in these countries. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed six indicators to enhance surgical care. In Colombia, studies have been made using secondary data. However, strategies to reduce perioperative mortality have not been implemented. This study aims to describe the fourth indicator, perioperative mortality rate (POMR), with primary data in Colombia. Methods: A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted across 54 centres (hospitals) in Colombia. Each centre selected a 7-day recruitment period between 05/2022 and 01/2023. Inclusion criteria involved patients over 18 years of age undergoing surgical procedures in operating rooms. Data quality was ensured through a verification guideline and statistical analysis using mixed-effects multilevel modelling with a case mix analysis of mortality by procedure-related, patient-related, and hospital-related conditions. Findings: 3807 patients were included with a median age of 48 (IQR 32–64), 80.3% were classified as ASA I or II, and 27% of the procedures had a low-surgical complexity. Leading procedures were Orthopedics (19.2%) and Gynaecology/Obstetrics (17.7%). According to the Clavien–Dindo scale, postoperative complications were distributed in major complications (11.7%, 10.68–12.76) and any complication (31.6%, 30.09–33.07). POMR stood at 1.9% (1.48–2.37), with elective and emergency surgery mortalities at 0.7% (0.40–1.23) and 3% (2.3–3.89) respectively. Interpretation: The POMR was higher than the ratio reported in previous national studies, even when patients had a low–risk profile and low-complexity procedures. The present research represents significant public health progress with valuable insights for national decision-makers to improve the quality of surgical care. Funding: This work was supported by Universidad del Rosario and Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología grant number CTO-057-2021, project-ID IV-FGV017.