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El punto de partida de esta investigación se concentra en el estudio de la crisis de lashumanidades en una economía de mercado hegemónica, movida por el lucro y la explotación. Enel proyecto del que se deriva este artículo y que tiene la fenomenología hermenéutica como enfoquemetodológico, conforme lo presentó Max van Manen (2016), se muestra el alcance y el aporte de una ética contemporánea frente a estos dos movimientos; asimismo, desde una lectura crítica de conjunto, las variantes de la formación ética frente a la crisis actual de las humanidades en la que se reduce la persona a sujeto de rendimiento. El artículo se estructura en cuatro partes: primero, se contextualiza la investigación y la publicación misma; segundo, se detalla el proceso metodológico;tercero, se muestra brevemente el estado de la cuestión; y cuarto, se precisa el sedimento teóricocon variantes que integran la respuesta a la pregunta problema del proyecto, esto es: fundamentarla importancia de atender a la temporalidad como un problema ético sustantivo; la necesidad dedeconstruir la libertad como estrategia neoliberal de control; el sentido de desinstrumentalizar las emociones; y, la necesidad de cultivar la capacidad de indignarse y de promover una vidacontemplativa como prácticas experienciales del mundo de la vida.

La pandemia generó un cambio disruptivo en los procesos formativos que se dan en la educación superior, afectando las respuestas emocionales y aumentando el debate sobre el efecto de una realidad mediada por la tecnología. Ello usualmente abordado desde una racionalidad técnica, desconoce al efecto que las percepciones de los docentes tienen sobre la acción del currículum oculto. Este texto explora la perspectiva docente, en cuanto a las relaciones e interdependencias entre la tecnología y el aprendizaje auto dirigido. Un análisis interpretativo fenomenológico (AFI) permite comprender los retos y dilemas que debe resolver.La tensión principal se centra en la frontera entre las propias narrativas y las de los estudiantes, aspecto excluido de los análisis curriculares sobre los dilemas éticos y metodológicos de la enseñanza. Todo ello, en un contexto de comunicación en línea donde se reducen los espacios con acceso a información no verbal que ayuden a la comprensión de la narrativa.

A high mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) incidence rate exists in military and sport. Hypopituitarism is an mTBI sequela; however, few studies have examined this phenomenon in those with an mTBI history. This cross-sectional study of Special Operations Forces combat soldiers aimed 1) to relate anterior pituitary gland volumes (actual and normalized) to insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentrations, 2) to examine the effect of mTBI history on anterior pituitary gland volumes (actual and normalized) and IGF-1 concentrations, and 3) to measure the odds of demonstrating lower anterior pituitary gland volumes (actual and normalized) or IGF-1 concentrations if self-reporting mTBI history.Anterior pituitary gland volumes were manually segmented from T1-weighted 3D brain MRI sequences; IGF-1 serum concentrations were quantified using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Correlations and linear regression were used to determine the association between IGF-1 serum concentration and anterior pituitary gland volume (n = 74). Independent samples t-tests were used to compare outcomes between mTBI groups and logistic regression models were fit to test the odds of demonstrating IGF-1 concentration or anterior pituitary volume less than sample median based on mTBI group (n = 54).A significant linear relationship between the subjects' anterior pituitary gland volumes and IGF-1 concentrations (r72 = 0.35, P = 0.002) was observed. Soldiers with mTBI history had lower IGF-1 concentrations (P0.001) and lower anterior pituitary gland volumes (P = 0.037) and were at greater odds for IGF-1 serum concentrations less than the sample median (odds ratio = 5.73; 95% confidence interval = 1.77-18.55).Anterior pituitary gland volume was associated with IGF-1 serum concentrations. Mild TBI history may be adversely associated with anterior pituitary gland volumes and IGF-1 concentrations. Longitudinal IGF-1 and anterior pituitary gland monitoring may be indicated in those who report one or more mTBI.

There is lack of information about predictive variables for pneumonia mortality in the Mexican population.To identify a model for predictive variables for mortality in adults hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia (CAP).Case-control study of patients hospitalized with CAP. The cases were incident cases with CAP that died during hospitalization and controls were those that did not die. The patients were followed during the study time until the discharge or outcome of each patient. The association between the independent variables (clinical, severity indices for pneumonia) with the outcome variable (in-hospital mortality) was evaluated by logistic regression.The model of associated variables with mortality were stratified age from 50-70 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.35; 95% confidence interval [95% CI: 1.06-5.17) and age70 years (OR: 2.75; 95% CI: 1.18-6.37), woman (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.11-3.8), antecedent of arterial hypertension (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.20-0.80), tachycardia (OR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.16-6.17), tachypnea (OR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.54-5.29), leukocytes ≥ 12,000 (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.21-3.87) and urea nitrogen30 mg/dL (OR: 4.85; 95% CI: 2.55-9.24).The proposed risk model is easy to document with clinical history and routine clinical laboratory variables.Existe escasa información sobre variables predictoras para mortalidad por neumonía en población mexicana.Identificar un modelo de variables predictoras para mortalidad en adultos hospitalizados por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC).Estudio de casos y controles de pacientes hospitalizados por NAC. Los casos fueron pacientes con NAC que fallecieron durante la hospitalización y los controles fueron pacientes que no fallecieron. Los pacientes se siguieron durante el tiempo de estudio hasta el egreso o el desenlace de cada uno. La asociación entre las variables independientes (clínicas, índices de gravedad para neumonía) con la variable desenlace (muerte hospitalaria) se evaluó mediante regresión logística.Las variables asociadas a mortalidad fueron la edad estratificada de 50-70 años (odds ratio [OR] 2.35; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]: 1.06-5.17) y70 años (OR 2.75; IC 95%: 1.18-6.37), ser mujer (OR 2.05; IC 95%: 1.11-3.8), antecedente de hipertensión arterial (OR 0.40; IC 95%: 0.20-0.80), taquicardia (OR 2.68; IC 95%: 1.16-6.17), taquipnea (OR 2.85; IC 95%: 1.54-5.29), leucocitos ≥ 12,000 (OR 2.17; IC 95%: 1.21-3.87) y nitrógeno de la urea30 mg/dl (OR 4.85; IC 95%: 2.55-9.24).El modelo de riesgo que se propone es fácil de documentar con la historia clínica y las pruebas de laboratorio habituales.

El presente artículo se desarrolla con el objetivo de analizar las campañas negativas emitidas por los medios de comunicación y su incidencia en la vulneración del principio de inocencia dentro del sistema procesal penal ecuatoriano, afectando de esta manera la imparcialidad decisoria de los jueces. Para lo cual se utilizó un tipo de estudio descriptivo con la finalidad de describir las características y naturaleza que, mediante el derecho a la libertad de expresión e información, tienen los medios de comunicación para cubrir las noticias de carácter criminal y como esto influye en las decisiones judiciales dentro de los procesos penales. Obteniendo como resultado que, la función judicial en ciertas ocasiones se ve afectada por la opinión pública, derivada de una información que a veces resulta distorsionada o incluso maximizada en su naturaleza criminal, lo que influye de manera negativa en las peticiones propuestas por la fiscalía y las decisiones de los jueces, sobre las penas que deban aplicarse a los procesados por el cometimiento de un delito, el cual puede no siempre ser meritorio de las penas máximas que la Ley exige, aplicando los principios de proporcionalidad y racionalidad. Por lo que, se concluye que los jueces y fiscales participantes de un proceso judicial en el que se encuentren involucrados los medios de comunicación deben mantener un alto nivel de profesionalismo, evitando verse comprometidos por las presiones tanto mediáticas como sociales para poder tomar las mejores decisiones en virtud de promover la justicia.

Este estudio de caso reflexiona acerca del análisis fenomenológico interpretativo [AFI] como enfoque, método y técnica, cuando las interacciones son en línea. El escenario se da en una institución de educación superior chilena, bajo las restricciones del confinamiento por pandemia. Se muestra las implicaciones en estos tres niveles de AFI, a partir de una investigación realizada sobre dos cursos de pregrado de la carrera de psicología cuya pregunta de investigación trató de comprender las percepciones de los participantes, en cursos no presenciales. Se debate en torno a tres ideas: 1) identificar los límites que las situaciones contextuales imponen al análisis fenomenológico interpretativo, 2) Comprender las formas en que las ideas preconcebidas afectan la toma de decisiones, durante su aplicación, y 3) evaluar las limitaciones de AFI cuando las interacciones son en línea en lugar de cara a cara. Por lo tanto, el presente texto explora y discute los ajustes que los investigadores deben tener en cuenta cuando las situaciones contextuales están limitando la aplicación de un AFI y cómo las ideas preconcebidas afectan la toma de decisiones. La tecnología es más que una herramienta material porque tiene un impacto sobre nuestra respuesta emocional, expresada como un cambio en la forma en que otra persona puede vernos, o limitando y ampliando nuestras habilidades de comunicación. Es necesario considerar sus efectos sobre el significado que contienen los datos. Así, aunque como enfoque la mediación tecnológica no le resta el valor interpretativo, como método debe incorporar el elemento tecnológico como medio y regulador de la experiencia de aprendizaje cuyas evidencias puedes encontrarse en las comunicaciones no verbales.

RESUMEN El actor central en las relaciones internacionales es el Estado soberano independiente, según la naturaleza del sistema westfaliano; sin embargo, en la disciplina no se han desarrollado enfoques teóricos sobre el proceso de independencia. Se considera más un asunto del derecho internacional y de los intereses políticos de los actores estatales. Por ello, se analiza en este trabajo, la cuestión de la independencia como un paso básico para que las entidades políticas accedan a la categoría de Estado, lo que sirve de fundamento para entender el papel del Estado independiente en el orden westfaliano. Al reconocer que hay cambios profundos en el sistema internacional, es necesario observar las variaciones en la concepción de independencia, sobre todo en relación con el principio de autodeterminación y el reconocimiento. Esto tiene mayor relevancia a partir de la década de 1990, por los procesos de desintegración de algunos países, en particular, el caso de Kosovo; otra experiencia relevante es Taiwán. A lo anterior, se suma el debilitamiento del Estado, con la aparición de variantes que cuestionan la estatidad y la existencia del actor estatal. Al final, se hace una breve referencia a la experiencia latinoamericana y centroamericana, que muestran particularidades desde el siglo XIX. ABSTRACT According to the nature of the Westphalian system, the independent state is the central actor in international relations. However, the discipline has not developed theoretical approaches regarding the independence process, which is considered more a concern of the international law and the political interests of state actors. Then, in this article, the issue of independence is analyzed as a basic step for political entities to access statehood, becoming a basis for understanding the role of the independent state in the Westphalian order. It is necessary to observe the variations in the conception of independence, especially regarding self determination and recognition principle, acknowledging the existence of deep changes in the international system. This principle has had greater relevance since the 1990s due to the disintegration processes of some countries, particularly the case of Kosovo. Taiwan is also a relevant experience. Another key point is the weakening process of the state, with the appearance of variants that question the status and existence of the state actor. At the end of this paper, a brief reference is made to the Latin and Central American experience, which shows particularities since the 19th century.

Objectives To determine whether metabolic phenotype is associated with the change in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients undergoing bariatric /metabolic surgery (BMS). Methods We performed a case-control study of BMS candidates who had metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) or metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). We measured the change in CIMT during the 9 months following BMS. The plasma tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, adiponectin, leptin, nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and malondialdehyde concentrations were determined, adipocyte area was measured histologically, and adipose tissue area was estimated using computed tomography. Results Fifty-six patients (mean age 44.5 years, mean body mass index 44.9 kg/m2, 53% women, and 53% had MUO) were studied. Nine months following BMS, the MUO phenotype was not associated with a significant reduction in CIMT, and that of the MHO group was larger. In addition, fewer participants achieved a 10% reduction in CIMT in the MUO group. A CIMT reduction was associated with lower VEGF-A and NO in the MUO group, while that in the MHO group was associated with a higher NO concentration. Conclusion The metabolic phenotype of patients may influence their change in CIMT following BMS, probably through circulating vasodilatory and pro-inflammatory molecules.

El desarrollo y la planificación urbanística, en un mundo cada vez más globalizado y caracterizado por la comunicación digital y el predominio de las redes sociales, repercute directamente en la naturaleza de los espacios públicos -sobre todo cuando se piensa en términos del ágora griega- y en la construcción de identidades en las comunidades; afectando, en forma directa, la participación ciudadana. En ese sentido, el espacio público en los condominios y en general en los barrios se constituye en un lugar en donde no necesariamente se produce la interacción entre personas para el debate público sobre los problemas comunitarios y la construcción de identidad. Pero, sobre todo, el espacio público es sustituido por aquel no público, que se sitúa en los centros comerciales y otros ámbitos no públicos. Frente a ello los Gobiernos locales no adoptan políticas públicas que fomenten y faciliten la interacción ciudadana. El cantón de Montes Oca, provincia de San José es un buen ejemplo de la forma en que se usan los espacios públicos hoy.

El síndrome de Cushing es el resultado de la exposición a una cantidad excesiva de glucocorticoides por un largo periodo de tiempo. Sus manifestaciones clínicas rondan desde hallazgos muy característicos como las facies de luna llena, el acúmulo de grasa dorsocervical o las estrías purpúreas; hasta presentaciones poco específicas que pueden pasar desapercibidas y llevar a diagnósticos erróneos. Dentro de los casos más retadores se encuentran aquellos cuya presentación clínica se basa en manifestaciones psiquiátricas y síntomas inespecíficos; sin embargo, es esencial tener este síndrome en mente como diagnóstico diferencial con el fin de captar la mayor cantidad de casos de forma temprana y ofrecerles el tratamiento adecuado. Se presenta un caso de una mujer de 62 años quien consulta por una segunda opinión tras un diagnóstico de depresión sin respuesta al tratamiento, en quien por medio de examen físico se logra orientar el diagnóstico hacia un síndrome de cushing endógeno primario.

Laryngeal involvement in tuberculosis is rare and may mimic malignancy. We report the case of a 26‐year‐old female who presented with sore throat for several months. CT revealed an infiltrative laryngeal mass and upper lobe pulmonary opacities. Laryngoscopic biopsy confirmed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation with positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis., Laryngeal involvement is a rare manifestation of tuberculosis and may be misdiagnosed as a primary malignancy in nonendemic areas. A high degree of clinical suspicion is warranted in patients with an appropriate travel history to endemic areas.

Neuronal and mixed glioneuronal tumors represent a group of neoplasms with varying degrees of neural and glial elements. Their age of presentation varies, but they are most commonly seen in children and young adults. With the exception of anaplastic ganglioglioma and other atypical variants, most lesions are low grade; however, they can have significant morbidity because of seizures, mass effect, or difficult to treat hydrocephalus. Although many tumors show overlapping clinical and imaging features, some have relatively distinctive imaging characteristics that may aid in narrowing the differential diagnosis. In this review, we discuss relevant clinical and pathologic characteristics of these tumors and provide an overview of conventional and advanced imaging features that provide clues as to the diagnosis.

BackgroundHomologous recombination allows plants to repair double strand breaks in DNA, which if unrepaired may lead to cell death. In this project, we determined the relative DNA repair efficiency of the US inbred lines B73 and Mo17 and Central American purple landraces from Guatemala and Costa Rica with the purpose to uncover genetic differences that may allow for the breeding of new lines better adapted to tolerate DNA damage caused by environmental factors.MethodsSingle cell electrophoresis was used to analyze the relative DNA repair ability of several lines from the US and Central America exposed to radiomimetic agent Zeocin, and these results were in turn compared with High Resolution Melting analyses of key genes for homologous DNA recombination. The significance of differences between treatments was evaluated with the Di Rienzo, Guzmán and Casanoves (DGC) test, while High Resolution Melting and difference curves were generated with the R package “HRM.curve”. Curves were created as a negative first derivative (−d(RFU)/d(T)) using normalized relative fluorescence values (RFUs) after background removal. The kinase geneZeaATM1was amplified and sequenced in B73, Mo17, P1 and P2. Multiple sequence alignment of DNA and aminoacid sequences was performed using ClustalW. Protein sequence analysis was done in UniProt to compare the resulting aminoacid sequences from maize to the available sequences fromArabidopsis thalianaecotype Col-0 (ATM protein code: Q9M3G7).ResultsSingle-cell electrophoresis results of statistical significance suggested that the landrace P1-Pujagua Santa Cruz is resistant to damage caused by the radiomimetic agent Zeocin, and landrace P2-Pujagua La Cruz was able to repair all DNA damage after 24 h of treatment and 1 h of recovery time. In contrast, line Mo17 was unable to repair the damage, but B73 and the landraces Jocopilas (Guatemalan), Orotina Congo, and Talamanca were partially able to repair the DNA damage. High resolution melting analysis of the putative homologous DNA repair geneZeaATM1revealed that landraces P1 and P2 may harbor polymorphisms for this gene, and P1 may harbor other polymorphisms for the transcription factorZeaSOG1as well as the tumor suppressorZeaRAD51and recombinaseZeaBRCA1. The kinase geneZeaATM1was sequenced, and results indicate that in lines P1 and P2 there are polymorphisms near and within the FATC domain, a domain required for the activation of ATM1-mediated repair of DNA damage.ConclusionsSignificant differences in DNA repair efficiency exist between inbred lines and landraces of maize and may be linked to allelic diversity in key genes for homologous recombination. Thus, Central American landraces could be used for breeding tolerance to genotoxic stress.

En el presente trabajo se realizó la síntesis de puntos cuánticos a partir de Trigo (Triticum) por el método hidrotermal, optimizando las condiciones de síntesis para el control de la emisión y composición de la superficie para su potencial aplicación como biomarcador. Los puntos cuánticos de carbono obtenidos, fueron caracterizados mediante las técnicas de espectroscopia de luminiscencia, obteniendo una excitación máxima a los 371 nm y una emisión máxima en los 442 nm emitiendo un color azul-cian dentro del rango visible que fue comprobado por el sistema de coordenadas cromáticas, por espectroscopia UV-Vis se presentan transiciones electrónicas π-π* y n-π*, así como el cálculo de Egap con valores de 1.61 y 2.13 eV. Finalmente, la espectroscopia FT-IR, nos muestra grupos funcionales como OH-, C-H, C-N, C=C, C-O, C-OH, C-O-C, COOH, C=C, lo que permite la formación de puntos cuánticos funcionalizados para la fabricación de biomarcadores.

Resumen Introducción: La gestión pública ha adquirido nuevas características, producto de cambio en la forma en que se aborda la gobernanza. Conforme las áreas temáticas, niveles y escalas de esa gestión se ha expandido, la administración pública se tornado más compleja, requiriendo nuevos enfoques. Si bien el derecho del mar y la tesis de que la tierra domina el mar, no son nuevas, lo cierto es que fue con la Convención de Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar, de 1982, que se formaliza e institucionalizan los espacios bajo jurisdicción del Estado ribereño. Ello ha generado nuevo desafíos y retos para los gobiernos, pues no solo se extiende la soberanía territorial sobre una extensa porción del mar, sino que se asumen responsabilidades en nombre de la comunidad internacional. Objetivo: Como se trata de una cuestión que vincula la gestión pública con la normativa del derecho del mar en materia de delimitación y administración de fronteras; por lo que en esta revisión se busca plantear una aproximación a un asunto sobre el cual se ha explorado poco. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura sobre gestión pública de fronteras considerando el caso de las fronteras marítimas, identificando jurisprudencia internacional y acciones implementadas por Costa Rica. Resultados: En la porción terrestre la gestión de fronteras muestra un desarrollo importante; no así en los espacios marítimos. La jurisdicción es diferente en cada uno de esos espacios, por lo que la gestión pública debe tener en cuenta esas particularidades. Pero, las cosas se complican cuando se trata del espacio fronterizo, porque en este converge lo marino y lo marítimo, pero también diversos intereses, por la naturaleza del espacio marino. Por consiguiente, es necesario reconocer que la gestión de fronteras marítimas no es tan sencilla como trasladar lo que se hace en tierra al mar. Cuando el límite fue definido por un tratado bilateral, existen disposiciones particulares que facilitan la coordinación y cooperación transfronteriza; por eso se utilizó como referencia el caso Costa Rica y Nicaragua en el océano Pacífico, pues en este caso la línea divisoria la estableció la Corte Internacional de Justicia, lo que provoca un trazado que no necesariamente es satisfactorio para los actores involucrados. Conclusiones: las diferencias en la gestión de fronteras entre lo terrestre y lo marítimo, sumado a la forma en que se definió el límite entre los dos países, ha dificultado la implementación de la gestión pública por parte de Costa Rica, que es la experiencia más conocida en la región sobre políticas y gestión marina-marítima. Abstract Introduction: Public management has acquired new characteristics because of change in the way governance is approached. As the subject areas, levels and scales of this management have expanded, public administration has become more complex, requiring new approaches. Although the Law of the Sea and the thesis that the land dominates the sea are not new, the truth is that it was with the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea, of 1982, that the areas under the jurisdiction of the coastal States were formalized and institutionalized. This has generated new challenges for the governments, since not only does territorial sovereignty extend over a large portion of the sea, but new responsibilities are assumed on behalf of the international community. Objective: The matter links public management with the regulations of the Law of the Sea regarding the delimitation and administration of boundaries. Therefore, this review proposes an approach to a matter that has not been explored enough. Methods: A review of the literature on public border management was made, considering the case of maritime boundaries, identifying international jurisprudence -especially of the International Court of Justice- and actions implemented by Costa Rica. Results: in the land portion, border management shows important development; this is not the case in the maritime spaces. The jurisdiction is different in each of these spaces, so public management must take these particularities into account. Things get complicated when it comes to the border area, because in it the marine and the maritime converge, but also different interests, due to the nature of the marine space. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize that the management of maritime boundaries is not as simple as moving what is done on land to the sea. When the limit was defined by a bilateral treaty, some provisions facilitate cross-border coordination and cooperation. For this reason, the case of Costa Rica and Nicaragua in the Pacific Ocean was used as a reference, since in this case the dividing line was established by the International Court of Justice, which causes a layout that is not necessarily satisfactory for the actors involved. Conclusions: the differences in border management between land and sea, in addition to how the boundary between the two countries is defined, has made it difficult for Costa Rica to implement public management, which is the best-known experience in the region on marine-maritime policies and management.

Stroke is commonly caused by thromboembolic events originating from atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid vasculature. To improve stroke risk prediction by delineating vulnerable plaque features, our group has developed ARFI Variance of Acceleration log(VoA) imaging. We herein evaluate the ability of trained, blinded readers to interpret in vivo ARFI log(VoA) images of human carotid plaques, with validation by matched histology. Patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were imaged using a Siemens S3000 and a 9L4 transducer. From 21 plaques, one was excluded due to specimen damage during surgery. Parametric 2D images of ARFI log(VoA) were rendered and evaluated by 3 neuroradiologists, 1 abdominal radiologist, 1 sonographer, and 1 pathologist, all blinded to the histological gold standard. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed, and area under the curve (AUC) was taken as a metric of performance for detecting lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC), intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), collagen (COL), and calcium (CAL). Reader log(VoA) outcomes were compared to those achieved using ARFI peak displacement (PD) in a comparable prior study. Average AUC performance for plaque features were as follows: CAL, 0.77; COL, 0.76; LRNC, 0.79; IPH, 0.82. Grouping the stiff (COL and CAL) and soft (LRNC and IPH) features together increased average AUCs to 0.86 for stiff and 0.87 for soft. These log(VoA) AUC outcomes were higher than those achieved by blinded readers evaluating ARFI PD images. This study shows the relevance of ARFI log(VoA) imaging, as interpreted by trained, blinded readers, to delineating the structure and composition of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in humans, in vivo.

Este trabajo tiene como finalidad realizar un estudio comparativo sobre la difusion de los Generos Periodisticos, por lo que se planteo el objetivo : Identificar los Generos Periodisticos que utilizan los diarios de Universo y Experso en sus publicaciones . A traves de las investigaciones bibliografica se indago los contenidos cientificos y con la investigacion Documental se revisaron los diarios : El universo y el Experso . Por otra parte , con el Metodo Analitico se identifico los tipos de los textos . Tambien se aplico el Metodo Estadistico para tabular los datos . se utilizo el metodo comparativo para confortar los textos que difunden los dos medios de comunicacion impresos . Debido a los resultados obtenidos , se concluyo que el genero Informativo la noticia es el mas utilizado para la divulgacion de la informacion igualmente la publicidad del Genero Instrumental .

Este trabajo tiene como finalidad realizar un estudio comparativo sobre la difusión de los Géneros Periodísticos, por lo que se planteó el objetivo: Identificar los Géneros Periodísticos que utilizan los diarios El Universo y Expreso en sus publicaciones. A través de la investigación bibliográfica se indagó los contenidos científicos y con la Investigación Documental se revisaron los diarios: El Universo y el Expreso. Por otra parte, con el Método Analítico se identificó los tipos de los textos. También se aplicó el Método Estadístico para tabular los datos. Se utilizó el método comparativo para confrontar los textos que difunden los dos medios de comunicación impresos. Debido a los resultados obtenidos, se concluyó que el Género Informativo la noticia es el más utilizado para la divulgación de la información igualmente la publicidad del Género Instrumental.&nbsp

En la Universidad de la Ciencias Informáticas, se imparte la asignatura Gestión de Software como parte del séptimo semestre. Los profesores del colectivo de la asignatura han analizado cada uno de los contenidos para poder impartir las clases y por la experiencia acumulada en los que han impartido la asignatura en otros cursos, se puede afirmar que e la mayoría de los temas resultan complejos para los estudiantes, porque tratan muchos conceptos, procesos, herramientas y técnicas que se deben aplicar de alguna manera al proceso de desarrollo de un software. La existencia de recursos didácticos y los objetos de aprendizaje no se corresponden con la complejidad del tema, ya que no abundan en esta área del conocimiento, y aunque en el entorno de aprendizaje de la universidad se encuentra montada la asignatura, tampoco existen los suficientes elementos de este tipo para potenciar el auto aprendizaje del estudiante. Todos estos elementos incidieron en la decisión del colectivo de buscar alternativas para que los estudiantes logren alcanzar los objetivos de la asignatura y potenciar el uso del entorno virtual de aprendizaje. Por tales motivos se propone en el siguiente trabajo un conjunto de recursos educativos desarrollados con las herramientas de autor que permitan a los estudiantes asimilar con más facilidad los conocimientos y aportar medios a la didáctica de la asignatura. Como aporte práctico se propone los recursos educativos para la asignatura de Gestión de Software. Este documento recoge los resultados de todo el trabajo realizado.

La incorporación de las TIC a los distintos ámbitos de la actividad humana, y en especial en las actividades laborales y formativas, ha contribuido a reforzar la tendencia hacia el diseño de metodologías de enseñanzas basadas en la cooperación y el aprendizaje significativo. La Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas (UCI), surge como una idea del Comandante en Jefe Fidel Castro Ruz para impulsar la informatización del país. Desde su surgimiento ha potenciado el uso de las TIC en el desarrollo del proceso docente, contando para ello con diversos recursos tecnológicos. La presente investigación está dirigida a la propuesta de un sistema de evaluación utilizando el entorno virtual de aprendizaje. La evaluación es una de las categorías de la didáctica, que permite evaluar no solo la adquisición del contenido por parte del estudiante, midiendo su rendimiento en la asignatura que recibe, sino también que permite evaluar el desempeño profesional del docente, que son los sujetos que participan en el PEA. Para que un modelo de educación a distancia triunfe exitosamente se hace necesario reforzar el papel del tutor, quien mantendrá un trabajo diferenciado sobre el estudiante de acuerdo a sus potencialidades y su tiempo de aprendizaje. Como aporte práctico se propone el Sistema de evaluación y tutoría del aprendizaje para la asignatura de Sistemas de Bases de Datos 2 utilizando el entorno virtual de aprendizaje, desarrollado en la plataforma Moodle. Este documento recoge los resultados de todo el trabajo realizado.

While in vivo acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI)-induced peak displacement (PD) has been demonstrated to have high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating soft from stiff plaque components in patients with carotid plaque, the parameter exhibits poorer performance for distinguishing between plaque features with similar stiffness. To improve discrimination of carotid plaque features relative to PD, we hypothesize that signal correlation and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be combined, outright or via displacement variance. Plaque feature detection by displacement variance, evaluated as the decadic logarithm of the variance of acceleration and termed “log(VoA),” was compared to that achieved by exploiting SNR, cross correlation coefficient, and ARFI-induced PD outcome metrics. Parametric images were rendered for 25 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, with spatially matched histology confirming plaque composition and structure. On average, across all plaques, log(VoA) was the only outcome metric with values that statistically differed between regions of lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC), intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), collagen (COL), and calcium (CAL). Further, log(VoA) achieved the highest contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for discriminating between LRNC and IPH, COL and CAL, and grouped soft (LRNC and IPH) and stiff (COL and CAL) plaque components. More specifically, relative to the previously demonstrated ARFI PD parameter, log(VoA) achieved 73% higher CNR between LRNC and IPH and 59% higher CNR between COL and CAL. These results suggest that log(VoA) enhances the differentiation of LRNC, IPH, COL, and CAL in human carotid plaques, in vivo , which is clinically relevant to improving stroke risk prediction and medical management.

El hipotiroidismo es el síndrome clínico caracterizado por la deficiencia de hormona tiroidea en el organismo. Este provoca cambios en el tejido conectivo, que se manifiestan como aumento de volumen y edema en distintas partes del cuerpo. Las alteraciones en el tejido conectivo pueden provocar síndromes de compresión nerviosa en el paciente hipotiroideo, siendo el síndrome de túnel carpiano el más frecuentemente asociado. En el presente artículo se relata el caso de un paciente que consulta por parestesias en miembro superior derecho y lumbalgia de características neuropáticas que llevaron al diagnóstico de síndrome del túnel carpal y neuropatía ciática, respectivamente. Se realizaron exámenes de laboratorio que documentaron hipotiroidismo severo, por lo que se inició tratamiento con levotiroxina. Seis semanas después, el paciente presenta resolución completa de las parestesias en miembro superior derecho y de la lumbalgia, lo que llevó finalmente al diagnóstico de síndromes de compresión nerviosa como manifestación del hipotiroidismo.

The quality of water for irrigations is conditioned by salt (amount and type) and the sediment it has. The characteristics of the water destined for irrigation influence the edaphic properties, the yield of the crops, the infrastructure of the irrigation systems and the durability of pressurized irrigation systems. The objective of this work was to compare the current data (2014-2017) and those from the historical series (1969-2007) of electrical conductivity (CE), total dissolved solids (TSD) and pH in the Multiple Use System of the Colorado River in 25 de Mayo (La Pampa). These parameters were periodically determined, on the matrix channel, which leads the water to the irrigated area of 25 de Mayo. The annual and inter annual behavior of the parameters in this period was analyzed regarding the monthly average values of the historical series that belong to the Ente Provincial del Río Colorado (Government of La Pampa). The analyzed results indicate that the monthly average of the EC and TSD of the last four years are higher than the monthly historical average. The pH was higher than the monthly historical average during 2014, except for the months of November and December. In 2015 and 2016, the registered values were lower than the historical ones. The changes of the analyzed results, specifically the salinity (EC and TSD), could be due mainly to the decrease in the flow that has been registered in the last years.

Background Albumin, along with other proteins, is abnormally eliminated via the urine during early stages of diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, endothelial dysfunction (ED) accompanying early diabetic nephropathy may develop even before microalbuminuria is detectable. Transferrin has a molecular weight comparable to albumin, whereas transferrinuria and microalbuminuria in a 24-h urine sample may comparably reflect early diabetic nephropathy. Whereas transferrin metabolism is related with ED during very early diabetic nephropathy has not been elucidated yet. This case–control study aimed to evaluate the relation between ED and urine transferrin, even before early diabetic nephropathy is present. Methods Patients were enrolled from two study sites in Mexico City: Ticomán General Hospital (healthy controls); and a Specialized Clinic for the Management of the Diabetic Patient (cases). All patients provided written informed consent. The primary endpoint was the correlation between urinary transferrin concentration and ED measured in type 2 diabetic patients without albuminuria. ED was evaluated by ultrasonographic validated measurements, which included carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and flow mediated dilation (FMD). Plasma biomarkers included glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as urine albumin, transferrin and evidence of urinary tract infection. Results Sixty patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (t2DM; n = 30) or without t2DM (n = 30), both negative for microalbuminuria, were recruited. The group with t2DM were older, with higher values of HbA1c and higher ED. This group also showed significant differences in urine transferrin and urine/plasma transferrin ratio, as compared with healthy controls (14.4 vs. 18.7 mg/mL, p = 0.04, and 74.2 vs. 49.5; p = 0.01; respectively). Moreover, urine transferrin correlated with higher CIMT values (r = 0.37, p = 0.04), being particularly significant for t2DM population. CIMT also correlated with time from t2DM diagnosis (r = 0.48, p Conclusion Urine transferrin correlated with subclinical atherogenesis in patients with t2DM without renal failure, suggesting its potential to identify cardiovascular risk in patients at very early nephropathy stage without microalbuminuria.

Maize is a staple food all over the world. Models for climate change suggest that, in the future, cloud formation might be reduced in the tropics increasing the exposure to Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, a DNA-damaging agent. UV-B (290 to 320 nm) has been shown to affect yield in maize. In this project we have determined the differences in DNA repair efficiencies between U.S. inbred lines B73 and Mo17, and Central American purple landraces from Guatemala and Costa Rica. Our results from single cell electrophoresis experiments (Comet Assay) suggest that the landrace Pujagua Santa Cruz (P1, Costa Rican) was resistant to damage caused by the radiomimetic agent zeocin (24h/100 micrograms per mL), while landrace Pujagua La Cruz (P2, Costa Rican) was able to repair DNA damage after one hour. On the other hand, line Mo17 (Missouri, USA) was unable to repair the damage, while B73 (Iowa, USA) and the landraces Jocopilas (Guatemalan), Orotina Congo (Costa Rican) and Talamanca (Costa Rican) were partially able to repair DNA damage. High Resolution Melting (HRM) curve analysis of putative homologous DNA repair gene ZeaATM1 showed that both P1 and P2 had differences in the melting temperatures for this gene compared to B73 and Mo17, while P1 showed additional differences in ZeaSOG1, ZeaRAD51 and ZeaBRCA1, suggesting that in this landrace the presence of polymorphisms may be common among key genes for this pathway. Taken together our results suggest that key adaptive differences in DNA repair efficiencies exist between inbred lines and landraces of maize and that some Central America landraces could be used as a valuable pool of alleles for plant breeding aiming to increase tolerance to radiation.

In the last decades, the PRC has consolidated itself as a superpower that aims to become a “Confucian style hegemon”. This causes regions like LAC, and in particular Central America, to constitute an important stage in this world view. Central America is a particular zone due to its specific characteristics and geographic location. Historically, it has been a sort of socio-political and economic laboratory. Hence, the central thesis of this chapter is that the Chinese presence has effects on the regional governance, because Beijing not only seeks bilateral relations but also has an active participation in regional organizations and regimes. Consequently, the PRC takes on a disruptive role in the Western Hemisphere. This chapter first addresses the relations between superpowers, followed by the “Confucian style” hegemonic project of China. Third, the Sino-Latin American relations in the United States’ backyard are treated. Finally, the chapter discusses the Chinese interests in Central America.

Valle de Bravo reservoir supplies drinking water to 40% of Mexico City. Here we present data on the population growth and life-table demography of the cladoceran Daphnia pulex, cultured at temperatures of 20 °C and 25 °C and with different concentrations of the crude extracts from blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa, collected in January, and Woronichinia naegeliana, collected in September. We hypothesized that Daphnia pulex would be more sensitive at the higher temperature and to toxins from W. naegeliana as these blooms have been shown to be more toxic to rotifers. We extracted the toxins and conducted acute toxicity tests at eight concentrations of microcystins at 20 °C. The LC50 was 26.8 µg/L and 11.5 µg/L, respectively, for Microcystis and Woronichinia samples. The chronic toxicity tests included population growth and life-table demography studies at 5 and 10% of the LC50 concentration, at 20 °C and 25 °C. Four replicates for each of the three treatments, which consisted of treatments with low and high cyanotoxin levels and a control without cyanotoxins, were set up. The population growth rate ranged from 0.18 to 0.42 d−1 on the extracts from M. aeruginosa (January) and from 0.2 to 0.31 on extracts from W. naegeliana. Daphnia, being better adapted to cooler temperatures, was more adversely affected at 25 °C than 20 °C. The adverse effect of cyanobacterial extracts was greater from Microcystis than Woronichinia blooms. The tolerance of Daphnia pulex to cyanotoxins depends on the bloom-forming species and the temperature.

Morphological characteristics and source of adipose tissue as well as adipokines may increase cardiometabolic risk. This study aimed to explore whether adipose tissue characteristics may impact metabolic and atherogenic risks. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (SAT), Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) and peripheral blood were obtained from obese patients submitted to bariatric surgery. Adipose tissue (morphometry), plasma adiponectin, TNF-α, resistin (multiplexing) and biochemical chemistry were analyzed; as well as endothelial dysfunction (Flow Mediated Dilation, FMD) and atherogenesis (Carotid Intima Media Thickness, CIMT). Subgroups divided by adipocyte size and source were compared; as well as correlation and multivariate analysis. Sixty patients 36.6% males, aged 44 years-old, BMI 46.7 kg/m2 were included. SAT’s adipocytes showed a lower range of size expandability than VAT’s adipocytes. Independent from their source, larger adipocytes were associated with higher glucose, lower adiponectin and higher CIMT. Particularly, larger adipocytes from SAT were associated with higher blood pressure, lower insulin and HDL-cholesterol; and showed positive correlation with glucose, HbA1c, systolic/diastolic values, and negatively correlated with insulin and adiponectin. VAT’s larger adipocytes particularly associated with lower resistin and lower FMD values. Gender and Diabetes Mellitus significantly impacted the relation of adipocyte size/source with the metabolic and atherogenic risk. Multivariable analysis suggested hypertension-resistin-HbA1c interactions associated with SAT’s larger adipocytes; whereas potential insulin-adiponectin associations were observed for VAT’s larger adipocytes. Adipocyte morphology and source are differentially related with cardiometabolic and atherogenic risk in population with obesity, which are potentially affected by gender and Diabetes Mellitus.

Advances in methods for determining the forces exerted by cells while they migrate are essential for attempting to understand important pathological processes, such as cancer or angiogenesis, among others. Precise data from three-dimensional conditions are both difficult to obtain and manipulate. For this purpose, it is critical to develop workflows in which the experiments are closely linked to the subsequent computational postprocessing. The work presented here starts from a traction force microscopy (TFM) experiment carried out on microfluidic chips, and this experiment is automatically joined to an inverse problem solver that allows us to extract the traction forces exerted by the cell from the displacements of fluorescent beads embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, both the reconstruction of the cell geometry and the recovery of the ECM displacements are used to generate the inputs for the resolution of the inverse problem. The inverse problem is solved iteratively by using the finite element method under the hypothesis of finite deformations and nonlinear material formulation. Finally, after mathematical postprocessing is performed, the traction forces on the surface of the cell in the undeformed configuration are obtained. Therefore, in this work, we demonstrate the robustness of our computational-based methodology by testing it under different conditions in an extreme theoretical load problem and then by applying it to a real case based on experimental results. In summary, we have developed a new procedure that adds value to existing methodologies for solving inverse problems in 3D, mainly by allowing for large deformations and not being restricted to any particular material formulation. In addition, it automatically bridges the gap between experimental images and mechanical computations.

Este trabajo presenta una nueva metodología para calcular las fuerzas de tracción ejercidas por la célula durante un experimento de microscopía de fuerza de tracción. El método presentado parte de las imágenes captadas durante el ensayo experimental. Además, se trabaja bajo la hipótesis de grandes deformaciones para poder modelar de manera más precisa el comportamiento celular.

This Editorial Comment discusses the following AJR article: Utility of Dual-Layer Spectral-Detector CTA to Characterize Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Components: An Imaging-Histopathology Comparis...

BACKGROUND: Subdural hemorrhage (SDH) is thought to have a benign course in asymptomatic neonates. However, effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes have not been established. PURPOSE: To evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes, gray matter volumes, and MRI findings in asymptomatic neonates with SDH compared with control neonates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective analysis was conducted between 2003 and 2016 and was based on data from the University of North Carolina Early Brain Development Study. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were evaluated at 2 years of age by using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). All infants were imaged with 3.0-T MRI machines and were evaluated for SDH at baseline (neonates) and at ages 1 and 2 years. Volumetric MRI for brain segmentation was performed at ages 1 and 2 years. A secondary analysis was performed in neonates matched 1:1 with control neonates. Differences in categorical variables were measured by using the Fisher exact test, and the t test was used for continuous variables. RESULTS: A total of 311 neonates (mean gestational age ± standard deviation, 39.3 weeks ± 1.5), including 57 with SDH (mean gestational age, 39.5 weeks ± 1.2), were evaluated. The subgroup included 55 neonates with SDH (mean gestational age, 39.6 weeks ± 1.2) and 55 matched control neonates (mean gestational age, 39.7 weeks ± 1.2). Fifty-five of 57 neonates with SDH (97%; 95% CI: 92, 100) were delivered vaginally compared with 157 of 254 control neonates (62%, 95% CI: 56, 68; P < .001). Otherwise, there were no differences in perinatal, maternal, or obstetric parameters. There were no differences in composite MSEL scores (115 ± 15 and 109 ± 16 at 2 years, respectively; P = .05) or gray matter volumes between the neonatal SDH group and control neonates (730 cm(3) ± 85 and 742 cm(3) ± 76 at 2 years, respectively; P = .70). There was no evidence of rebleeding at follow-up MRI. CONCLUSION: Neurodevelopmental scores and gray matter volumes at age 2 years did not differ between asymptomatic neonates with subdural hemorrhage and control neonates. © RSNA, 2020 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) represents an advanced stage of the peripheral arterial disease. Angioplasty improves the blood flow to the lower limb; however, some patients irreversibly progress to limb amputation. The extent of vascular damage and the mechanisms of vascular repair are factors affecting post-angioplasty outcome. Mononuclear Progenitor Cells (MPCs) are reactive to vascular damage and repair, with the ability to reflect vascular diseases. The present protocol describes quantification of MPCs obtained from blood circulation from vessel close to the angioplasty site, as well as its relationship with endothelial dysfunction and its predictive ability for limb amputation in the next 30 days after angioplasty in patients with CLI.

Introduction There is lack of information about predictive variables for pneumonia mortality in the Mexican population. Objective To identify a model for predictive variables for mortality in adults hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Material and methods Case-control study of patients hospitalized with CAP. The cases were incident cases with CAP that died during hospitalization and controls were those that did not die. The patients were followed during the study time until the discharge or outcome of each patient. The association between the independent variables (clinical, severity indices for pneumonia) with the outcome variable (in-hospital mortality) was evaluated by logistic regression. Results The model of associated variables with mortality were stratified age from 50-70 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.35; 95% confidence interval [95% CI: 1.06-5.17) and age >70 years (OR: 2.75; 95% CI: 1.18-6.37), woman (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.11-3.8), antecedent of arterial hypertension (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.20-0.80), tachycardia (OR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.16-6.17), tachypnea (OR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.54-5.29), leukocytes ≥ 12,000 (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.21-3.87) and urea nitrogen > 30 mg/dL (OR: 4.85; 95% CI: 2.55-9.24). Conclusions The proposed risk model is easy to document with clinical history and routine clinical laboratory variables.