29 results on '"Carlo ALECI"'
Search Results
2. Measuring the Soul: Psychophysics for non-Psychophysicists
- Author
-
Carlo Aleci and Carlo Aleci
- Published
- 2021
3. A Self-report Oriented Toward Visuoperceptive and Visuomotor Alterations for the Early Identification of Dyslexic Children
- Author
-
Claudio Rosa and Carlo Aleci
- Subjects
business.industry ,Dyslexia ,medicine ,Identification (biology) ,General Medicine ,Self report ,medicine.disease ,business ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Background: Early diagnosis is the main requisite for rehabilitating children suspected to suffer from dyslexia, and self-reports may be as reliable as ordinary screenings, but far less expensive. Research shows that the visual function can be involved in the pathogenesis of dyslexia so that self-reports should inquire about visual signs as well. A questionnaire made of 21 items that provide scores based on the visual signs commonly reported by dyslexics and on the most relevant comorbidities according to the literature has been devised. The aim of this exploratory study is to evaluate its potential for the early identification of dyslexic children. Methods: The AAP-DD is a set of 21 items subdivided into 4 sections that inquire about visual signs (section S), fatty acid deficiency, inheritance of dyslexia, and related conditions in children and parents. Each item is assigned a specific visuomotor and visuosensory weight in the form of a coefficient. The parents of twenty-three dyslexic children (9.34±0.80 years) and twenty-four normal readers filled the questionnaire. To assess the correspondence between the outcome of the questionnaire and the actual visual function of each participant, spatial relationship perception and ocular movements have been tested psychophysically. Results: The score of the dyslexic sample was almost double (i.e. worse) compared to the control group (P
- Published
- 2020
4. Detection of Visual Field Loss Progression in Glaucoma: An Overview and Food for Thought
- Author
-
Carlo Aleci
- Subjects
business.industry ,Immunology ,Medicine ,Optometry ,Glaucoma ,Visual field loss ,business ,medicine.disease ,Visual field - Abstract
The damage to the visual field is the main outcome of glaucoma. Basically, there are two different approaches to establish the rate of the functional loss in this clinical condition: event-based analysis and trend-based analysis. The event-based analysis, that relies on the occurrence of pre-established events to detect the progression of the visual field damage, cannot quantify the decay rate of sensitivity. In turn, the trend-based analysis, that aims to measure the rate of progression according to linear regression models, requires a long follow-up. Despite considerable effort, there is still no consensus on the optimal procedure, and a gold standard is still missing. This paper provides a quick overview of the topic as a tribute to the researchers engaged in this field.
- Published
- 2020
5. Psychophysics in the ophthalmological practice—I. visual acuity
- Author
-
Carlo Aleci and Claudio Rosa
- Subjects
Ophthalmology - Published
- 2022
6. Psychophysics in the ophthalmological practice—II. Contrast sensitivity
- Author
-
Claudio Rosa and Carlo Aleci
- Subjects
Ophthalmology - Published
- 2022
7. Assessing the Share of Impaired Visual Function, Fine Motor Coordination and Visual-motor Integration in Dyslexic Children with the Eta/Mu Model
- Author
-
Francesca Vai and Carlo Aleci
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,genetic structures ,Computer science ,Visual function ,medicine ,Fine motor coordination ,General Medicine ,Audiology ,Visual motor integration - Abstract
Aims: A computational model aimed to estimate the proportion of visual/motor deficits (first-order defects) and visual-motor abnormal integration (second-order defect) in dyslexic children is described. Study Design: Single-masked case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Service of Neuro-Ophthalmology, University of Turin, between December 2017 and November 2018. Methodology: Twenty subjects (age 8-10) were administered a set of tests that recruit the visual and motor domain in different proportions. The score obtained in each trial is weighed by the correspondent share of visuoperceptive and motor recruitment. This way two indexes are obtained: Eta (h) and Mu (m), that quantify the expected and estimated damage of the two functions across the range of average performance. The difference between the expected and estimated level of damage in the two domains represents the quota of selective visuoperceptive / motor impairment of the subject. In turn, no or negligible difference in the presence of abnormal z-score would reveal impaired visual-motor integration with no evident visual or motor damage. Results: The model detected a prevalent first-order defect in the visuo perceptive or motor domain in 58% of the cases (visuo perceptive alteration: 27%, motor alteration: 73%), and a prevalent second-order defect in the remaining 42% of the subjects. Internal consistency was adequate for research and screening purpose (Cronbach’s coefficient alpha: from 0.77 to 0.84). Conclusion: The Eta/Mu model seems a promising tool to detect cases of visual and motor alteration as well as the level of visual-motor integration in dyslexic children. Further effort is needed to improve test-retest reliability by examining larger samples, so as to make it suitable to customize the rehabilitation program of children suffering from learning disabilities.
- Published
- 2019
8. Bidimensional Spatial Distortion in Quadrantanopia Depends on the Cortical Damage and not on the Deprived Region in the Visual Field
- Author
-
Carlo Aleci and Federica Pira
- Subjects
Visual distortion ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Immunology ,medicine ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,Quadrantanopia ,medicine.disease ,business ,Spatial distortion ,Visual field - Published
- 2018
9. Measuring the Soul
- Author
-
Carlo Aleci
- Published
- 2021
10. A novel and cheap method to correlate subjective and objective visual acuity by using the optokinetic response
- Author
-
Sabrina Fulgori, Carlo Aleci, Lorenzo Canavese, and Martina Scaparrotti
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual acuity ,genetic structures ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Visual Acuity ,Audiology ,Snellen acuity ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Contrast (vision) ,Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ,Nystagmus, Optokinetic ,media_common ,Contrast level ,business.industry ,Vision Tests ,Reproducibility of Results ,Optokinetic reflex ,Snellen visual acuity ,Ophthalmology ,Constant rate ,Concordance correlation coefficient ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
To describe a novel optokinetic visual acuity estimator (Oktotype) and to report the preliminary results obtained in poorly and non-collaborative subjects. Eleven series of symbols arranged horizontally and moving from left to right at a constant rate were displayed. In each sequence, the size of the stimuli was reduced logarithmically. By using this paradigm, the objective visual acuity was computed in 26 normal subjects as the minimum size of the symbols able to evoke the optokinetic response. In the preliminary phase, three contrast levels were tested, with white noise added to the first five sequences so as to normalize the overestimate found at the lower-half range of the acuity scale. Subsequently, the correspondence between subjective and objective visual acuity was compared in 10 poorly collaborative subjects, and the agreement between optokinetic and Teller visual acuity was measured in six non-collaborative subjects. The best agreement is provided by the minimum contrast level (20%) (R 2 = 0.74). The correspondence between the two techniques is satisfying both in the normal and in the poorly collaborative sample (concordance correlation coefficient: 0.85 and 0.83, respectively). In the non-collaborative group, the concordance correlation coefficient between Teller acuity and OKVA ranged between 0.79 (test) and 0.85 (retest). Test–retest reliability was very good for the Oktotype (K: 0.82), and better than the Teller test (K = 0.71), even if it was lower compared to Snellen acuity (K = 0.95). The Oktotype seems promising to predict Snellen visual acuity in normal and poorly collaborative subjects.
- Published
- 2017
11. Detecting Visuoperceptive Defects in Adult Disabled Readers with the TETRA Analyzer™. Normative Data and Test-retest Reliability
- Author
-
Carlo Aleci, Martina Blanc, and Lorenzo Canavese
- Subjects
Spectrum analyzer ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,Immunology ,Dyslexia ,Audiology ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Crowding ,Test (assessment) ,medicine ,Tetra ,Normative ,Psychology ,computer ,Reliability (statistics) - Published
- 2017
12. Rationale of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation in the Frame of the Magnocellular Theory of Dyslexia
- Author
-
Carlo Aleci
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,business.industry ,Frame (networking) ,Dyslexia ,General Medicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Medicine ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Published
- 2017
13. Detecting Visuoperceptive Defects in Adolescent and Adult Disabled Readers with the TETRA Analyzer™. Pathological Sample and Comparison with Normal Readers
- Author
-
Lorenzo Canavese, Valentina Saldutto, and Carlo Aleci
- Subjects
Spectrum analyzer ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,Immunology ,Medicine ,Tetra ,Audiology ,business ,biology.organism_classification ,Sample (graphics) ,Pathological - Published
- 2017
14. Can Self-reported Ocular Motor and Perceptive Alterations Predict a Reading Disability? A Pilot Study on the Analytic Anamnestic Protocol
- Author
-
Carlo Aleci
- Subjects
Weakness ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Down syndrome ,Reading disability ,polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,analytic anamnestic protocol (aap) ,specificity ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Audiology ,perception ,sensibility ,Pediatrics ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Perception ,dyslexia ,medicine ,Psychology ,Medical history ,media_common ,Protocol (science) ,visuomotor ,Receiver operating characteristic ,business.industry ,reading disability ,receiver operating characteristic (roc) curve ,General Engineering ,Dyslexia ,self-report ,medicine.disease ,Ophthalmology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Introduction Early diagnosis is the main requisite when dealing with subjects suspected to suffer from neurodevelopmental disorders, especially reading disability. In this respect, self-reports are a promising tool and could prove to be as reliable as ordinary screenings, with the advantage of low cost and low time consumption. Since the last decades, the perceptual and visuomotor function are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of developmental dyslexia; therefore, specific elements related to an alteration of the sensorial and visuomotor domain in the familial and personal medical history could reveal a risk to develop this condition at a pre-examination phase. Yet, rather than evaluating the perceptual and motor function, the self-reports presented so far investigate the presence of dyslexia traits and comorbidities in parents, relatives, and in the sons. The Analytic Anamnestic Protocol (AAP), specifically devised to assess the perceptual and visuomotor function in children, revealed higher visuomotor and sensorial scores in samples suffering from congenital cerebral lesions, Down syndrome, and reading disability compared to a control group. Sensibility and specificity were acceptable, as shown by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. In this paper, a modified version of the AAP (the AAP2) targeting more specifically developmental dyslexics is presented, along with the preliminary results obtained in a group of school-age disabled readers. Methods The AAP2 is made of 25 questions divided into four sections (family, general, past and recent specialist medical history). In addition, seven questions inquiring about aspects related to the lexical difficulties (developmental dyslexia (DD) section) have been included. Like the previous version, each answer is assigned a perceptive and visuomotor score. The self-report was administered to 37 normal subjects (median age: nine years), and 34 dyslexic children (median age: eight and a half years). Results Visuomotor and sensory scores in the dyslexic sample was consistently higher than in the controls in the recent specialist medical history and in the DD section (Welch test: visuomotor (VM) t = 7.02, p < .0001; sensory (VS) t = 7.39, p < .0001) with the visuosensory domain more involved than the visuomotor function (T-test: t = 4.70, p < .0001, and t = 7.06, p < .0001, respectively). The sensibility and specificity of the recent specialist medical history of the AAP was 94.12% and 77.78%, respectively. Sensibility and specificity of the DD section DD were 100% and 80%, respectively. Conclusion The AAP2 is a promising tool to screen subjects at risk for developmental dyslexia at the beginning of primary school. Like the previous version (also in this modified questionnaire), the main weakness remains the heuristic criterion adopted for the assignment of the scores.
- Published
- 2019
15. From international ophthalmology to space ophthalmology: the threats to vision on the way to Moon and Mars colonization
- Author
-
Carlo Aleci
- Subjects
genetic structures ,business.industry ,Vision Disorders ,Disease Management ,Mars ,Cosmic ray ,Mars Exploration Program ,Fluid shift ,Spaceflight ,eye diseases ,Space exploration ,law.invention ,Ophthalmology ,Radiation shielding ,law ,Optic nerve ,Aerospace Medicine ,Medicine ,Optometry ,Astronauts ,Humans ,Health risk ,business ,Moon - Abstract
To report the ophthalmological risks of space travel. The literature about the effect of microgravity and cosmic radiation on the human eye has been reviewed, focusing on the so-called “spaceflight related neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS)”, and possible remedies. The eye is the major candidate to suffer from the adverse space conditions, so much so that SANS is the main concern of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). SANS, that affects astronauts engaged in long-duration spaceflights, is characterized by optic nerve head swelling, flattening of the posterior region of the scleral shell, choroidal folds, retinal cotton wool spots, and hyperopic shift. Even if it seems related to an increased volume of the cerebrospinal fluid in the brain and the optic nerve sheaths, its pathogenesis is still unclear. In addition, cataract is related to the effect of galactic cosmic rays on the lens. Centrifuges, pressurizing chambers, and mechanical counter-pressure suits have been advanced to counteract the upward fluid shift responsible for the SANS syndrome. Shields with a high content of hydrogen, magnetic shielding systems, and wearable radiation shielding devices are under study to mitigate the exposure to galactic cosmic rays. Since 1961, the year of the first manned mission outside the Earth, history has shown that the human being may venture in space. Yet, visual impairment is the top health risk for long-duration spaceflight. Effective remediation is mandatory in anticipation of long space missions and Moon and Mars colonization.
- Published
- 2019
16. Visual dyslexia: towards an operational definition from a correlational study
- Author
-
Elena Belcastro and Carlo Aleci
- Subjects
Ophthalmology ,Correlational study ,Operational definition ,Dyslexia ,medicine ,medicine.disease ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Published
- 2020
17. A brief consideration of the paper by Suttle et al. about the repeatability of tinted lenses
- Author
-
Carlo Aleci
- Subjects
Adult ,Repeatability ,Sensory Systems ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ophthalmology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Lens, Crystalline ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,Optometry ,Humans ,Psychology ,Child ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Lenses - Published
- 2018
18. The optokinetic response is effective to assess objective visual acuity in patients with cataract and age-related macular degeneration
- Author
-
Carlo Aleci, Lorenzo Canavese, Gabriele Cossu, and Elena Belcastro
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual acuity ,genetic structures ,Visual Acuity ,Induction method ,Cataract ,03 medical and health sciences ,Macular Degeneration ,0302 clinical medicine ,Age related ,Ophthalmology ,medicine ,Serial pattern ,Humans ,In patient ,Nystagmus, Optokinetic ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Vision Tests ,Optokinetic reflex ,Equipment Design ,Macular degeneration ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,eye diseases ,Concordance correlation coefficient ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,Female ,sense organs ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
To estimate objective visual acuity in subjects suffering from cataract and age-related macular degeneration via the optokinetic response evoked by a non-conventional induction method (oktotype); in addition, to compare such objective outcome with the subjective acuity based on the ETDRS charts. Patients were presented with 13 sequences of symbols arranged horizontally to form a serial pattern, moving from left to right at a constant rate. In each sequence, the size of the stimuli was reduced progressively, while the operator checked for the disappearance of the optokinetic response via a small video camera mounted on the test lens frame. The minimum angular size of the serial pattern able to evoke the optokinetic response (MAER) was referred to as the objective visual acuity of the subject. Correlation between logMAER and logMAR was significant in the cataract and macular degeneration group ( $$R_{\text{cat}}^{2}$$ = 0.70, p
- Published
- 2018
19. Separating Visuospatial from Visuomotor Coordination in Skill Estimation in Learning Disabled Children: The Eta-Mu Model
- Author
-
Elena Melis, Carlo Aleci, Valentina Melotti, Marzia Piccoli, and Lorenzo Canavese
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coordination Impairment ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Healthcare Technology ,rehabilitation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Medicine ,Psychology ,Set (psychology) ,motor coordination ,Rehabilitation ,learning disability ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,visuoperceptive ,Motor coordination ,Ophthalmology ,030104 developmental biology ,Learning disability ,medicine.symptom ,Abnormality ,business ,Learning disabled ,customization - Abstract
Purpose A model aimed at detecting the proportion of visuoperceptive and visuomotor coordination impairment in children with ascertained or suspected learning disability is described. The final purpose is to provide customized rehabilitation programs. Methods In this pilot study, four children (8-9 years) were administered a set of standardized tests to evaluate their ability to perform visuoperceptive and visuomotor tasks. Depending on the individual outcomes, two indexes have been computed from the resulting z-scores: η (Eta) that quantifies the visuoperceptive impairment, and μ (Mu) that expresses the alteration in visuomotor coordination. Results A condition of abnormality was evident in each patient: Subjects 1 and 3 suffered mainly from a visuoperceptive alteration (η higher than expected), while Subject 4 had reduced visuomotor coordination (μ higher than expected). Subject 2 showed balanced visuoperceptive and visuomotor impairment. Based on the obtained η and μ values, each child underwent a customized rehabilitation treatment, then they were examined again. At re-test, η or μ turned balanced and z-scores improved in the four patients. Conclusions The Eta/Mu model is effective in detecting the type of damage by quantifying the share of visuoperceptive and visuomotor coordination involvement in dyslexic children, allowing a customized rehabilitative approach. Such an approach, focused on treating the function found to be defective, appears to be effective in rebalancing individual visuomotor and visuoperceptive skills; it should, therefore, be taken into consideration when updating the rehabilitation plans of learning disabled children.
- Published
- 2017
20. Visual Training Helps Improve Reading in Dyslexic Children with Abnormal Crowding
- Author
-
Lorenzo Canavese, Elena Belcastro, and Carlo Aleci
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Rehabilitation ,Speech recognition ,medicine.medical_treatment ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immunology ,Lateral masking ,Training effect ,Audiology ,Crowding ,Fluency ,Statistical significance ,Reading (process) ,medicine ,Trigram ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of visual training aimed at improving the visual function in dyslexic children suffering from increased crowding. Study Design: Single-masked crossover pilot study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Turin and the Gradenigo Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Turin, between March and November 2014. Methodology: 14 reading-impaired children (8-11 years) with increased paracentral crowding underwent a visual training devised to improve reading fluency by reducing lateral masking. Patients were asked to recognize trigrams of letters with different inter-letter spacing displayed at variable eccentricities on both sides of the fixation point (trigram training). Since any visual task chosen as a placebo could show some rehabilitative effect, placebo training was replaced by a period of reading practice, when reading exercises were recommended to be done at home. Results: After two weeks of training, in the recruited sample reading rate for words increased from 1.88 syl/sec (SD:±0.74) to 2.19 syl/sec (±0.86). Reading rate for non-words improved from 1.13 (±0.39) syl/sec to 1.28 (±0.42) syl/sec. No significant improvement was found after the period of Original Research Article Aleci et al.; OR, 3(3): 85-94, 2015; Article no.OR.2015.015 86 reading practice both at words and non-words. Analysis of variance showed a significant reading exercise x trigram training effect both for words (P= .0004) and non-words (P= .0001) in the recruited sample of disabled readers. To confirm the ameliorative effect of training (not being involved a placebo), a second, smaller sample has been administered the reading practice before the treatment. In this second group no substantial change in reading fluency was found after two weeks of reading practice, whereas after the trigram training reading rate improved by 11.8% at words and 29% at non-words despite, probably due to the small size of the second sample, results did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Trigram visuoperceptive training demonstrated to be effective in improving reading rate in dyslexic children suffering from reinforced crowding. The ameliorative effect of the rehabilitation is found to be sharper in patients showing abnormal crowding compared to the nonclassified dyslexics trained in a previous study. Interdisciplinary rehabilitative approach of developmental dyslexia should therefore consider also visuoperceptive rehabilitation aimed at normalizing lateral masking.
- Published
- 2015
21. The Game of Reading: When Saccades and Fixations Play on a Seesaw
- Author
-
Carlo Aleci
- Subjects
Seesaw molecular geometry ,Experimental psychology ,General Materials Science ,Central visual field ,Fixation (psychology) ,Spatial domain ,Psychology ,Saccadic masking ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Although in experimental psychology the fixation/saccadic sequence is a main topic of debate, so far in the clinical ophthalmological field such an argument has raised relatively few interest. Nevertheless, studying the possible alterations of the saccadic rate and of the positioning of fixations when analyzing a visual scene may illuminate on the source of reading difficulty in a variety of patients, like dyslexic children or those affected by hemianopia as well as central visual field impairment. Recently, new light has been shed on the saccadic/fixation dynamics, both in the temporal and spatial domain. In addition, according to recent findings a visuoperceptive distortion could potentially affect the saccades/fixation sequence, making the matter much more complex than expected. The aim of this article is therefore to describe the saccadic/fixation seesaw under the temporal and spatial perspective and to disclose the possible influence of visuoperceptive impairments.
- Published
- 2014
22. Improving Crowding in Dyslexic Children by Visual Training: Conflicting Results from a Single-masked Crossover Pilot Study
- Author
-
Lorenzo Canavese, Carlo Aleci, and Riccardo Cafasso
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Environmental Engineering ,Crowding in ,VISUAL TRAINING ,business.industry ,Audiology ,Placebo ,Crowding ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Fixation point ,Contrast sensitivity test ,Medicine ,Research article ,business ,Reading rate - Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of visual training aimed at reducing crowding indyslexic children.Study Design: Single-masked crossover pilot study.Place and Duration of Study: University of Turin and the Gradenigo Hospital,Department of Ophthalmology, Turin, between January and November 2013.Methodology: 15 dyslexic children underwent a visual training devised to reducecrowding. Patients were asked to recognize trigrams of letters with different spacingdisplayed at different eccentricities on both sides of the fixation point. As a placebo halfof the sample was administered a contrast sensitivity test. Average reading rate forwords and non-words with different interletter spacing was measured before and afterthe visual training and the placebo. The sample was divided into two subgroup: G1, whowas first administered the training, and G2, who underwent first the placebo trial.Results: After the training in G1 reading rate for words increased from 1.54 syl/sec(±0.60) to 1.74 syl/sec (± 0.64) (P= .001). Reading rate for non-words improved from0.94 (0.68-1.55) syl/sec to 1.03 (0.85-1.63) syl/sec. No significant improvement wasfound after the administration of the placebo (T2) when testing words and non-words.Original Research Article
- Published
- 2014
23. Domitest-S: A Novel Dichoptic Technique to Assess Ocular Sensory Dominance in Children: A Population Study
- Author
-
Tiziana Usai, Giulio Piana, Carlo Aleci, and Lara Cavaglià
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Environmental Engineering ,business.industry ,Sensory system ,Audiology ,Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Ocular dominance ,Correlation ,Dominance (ethology) ,Laterality ,Optometry ,Medicine ,Population study ,business ,Balance (ability) - Abstract
Aims: To assess sensory ocular dominance of children by means of a novel psychophysical technique (Domitest-S). Study Design: population study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, The Gradenigo Hospital, Turin, between June 2012 and June 2013. Methodology: Thirty sequences of stimuli (15 for the left eye and 15 for the right eye) were administered in dichoptic conditions to 152 pupils (mean age: 9 ± .8 years). The task was to detect the target (a checkerboard-like pattern arranged so as to form an “X”) embedded in a series of null stimuli (checkerboard-like patterns randomly arranged). Left and right proportion correct responses were computed and an index of dominance laterality, the Balance Value (BV), expressed as the right minus left proportion correct responses was introduced. A second index based on the total amount of percent correct responses, the Interocular Inhibitory Index (III) was computed to provide a measure of reciprocal binocular suppression. Results: The frequency distribution of sensory dominance was not normal, but skewed on the left (KS=.17, P
- Published
- 2014
24. Fast Eye Movements and Slow Eye Movements in Congenital Neurosensorial Deaf Subjects as Assessed by 2D video-Oculography™
- Author
-
Carlo Aleci
- Subjects
Video-oculography ,medicine.medical_specialty ,genetic structures ,Immunology ,Eye movement ,Sensory system ,Audiology ,Affect (psychology) ,Saccadic masking ,Slow eye movements ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oculomotor control ,medicine ,Auditory system ,Psychology - Abstract
Aims: There is evidence that the deprivation of a sensory system at early developmental stage may lead to a functional change of the remaining one(s). Even if this process has been widely studied, results are still controversial. In particular, the auditory system might affect the oculomotor control, since saccades or fast eye movements (FEMs) and slow eye movements (SEMs) are modulated by the cochleo-vestibular input. It follows that hearing impairment would affect the SEM and saccadic pattern. Therefore, in this study FEMs and SEMs have been evaluated in congenital deaf subjects in order to state whether early auditory deprivation has influence on the oculomotor function. Study Design: Case-control study.
- Published
- 2014
25. Light Sensitivity and Visual Field Extension in Hemianopes Wearing Halfmoon Prismatic Sectors
- Author
-
Tiziana Usai, Marzia Paiola, and Carlo Aleci
- Subjects
Monocular ,genetic structures ,Light sensitivity ,business.industry ,Field of view ,Adaptation (eye) ,eye diseases ,law.invention ,Visual field ,Lens (optics) ,Geography ,law ,Optometry ,General Materials Science ,Computer vision ,sense organs ,Artificial intelligence ,Prism ,business - Abstract
A consistent body of literature maintains that the use of monocular sector prisms may enlarge the field of view of hemianopic patients, leading to a substantial improvement of their everyday life. Despite the potential interest, as far as we know clinical trials focusing on this last topic are few. Indeed, the effect of the monocular sector prisms on the whole extent of the binocular visual field and on the differential light sensitivity of the monocular ipsilateral visual field has not been fully investigated. This study aims at estimating the effect of a particular monocular prismatic sector, halfmoon shaped, placed on the carrier lens on the side of the loss, on the differential light sensitivity as well as on the binocular visual field extent in hemianopic patients. The only significant ameliorative finding is the reduction of the gradient of sensitivity between the blind and the responsive side of the monocular visual field in the eye under the prism. However, it fails to increase the differential light sensitivity of the eye fitted with the prism. Likewise, the extent of the binocular visual field did not change significantly, irrespective whether an adaptation period had occurred or not. In conclusion, our results suggest that the ameliorative effect in hemianopes provided by the of prismatic treatment depends on the enlargement of the field of view rather than on substantial enlargement of the visual field and/or on increased light sensitivity.
- Published
- 2013
26. Testing Spatial Detection and Light Sensitivity in Homonymous Hemianopia by Rarebit and Conventional Automated Perimetry
- Author
-
Tiziana Usai and Carlo Aleci
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,genetic structures ,Light sensitivity ,business.industry ,Automated perimetry ,eye diseases ,Visual field ,Ophthalmology ,Visual function ,Medicine ,In patient ,Residual vision ,business - Abstract
Purpose of the study was to compare Rarebit Perimetry (RP) with Standard Automatic Perimetry (SAP) in patients with ischemic retrochiasmal lesions. Seventeen patients with homonymous hemianopia underwent SAP and RP. Correlation between the two techniques was evaluated, congruent defects were quantified in the spared hemifield and residual vision areas were investigated in the blind hemifield. A strong correlation was found between SAP and RP. In the spared hemifield, RP detected congruent defects in a higher percentage of cases. Residual detection function has been found at RP in 69,2 % of perimetrically blind visual field quadrants as assessed by SAP. In conclusion, RP appears to be useful to assess visual function in hemianopic patients. As compared to SAP, it seems able to detect small congruent defects in a higher percentage of cases. Finally, a certain residual function seems to be present at RP in the blind regions of the visual field, however, for this finding further demonstrations are required.
- Published
- 2008
27. Evaluation of spatial anisotropy by curvature analysis of elliptical targets
- Author
-
Carlo Aleci, Franco Anselmino, and Giulio Piana
- Subjects
spatial relationship perception ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aspect ratio ,business.industry ,anisotropy ,Emmetropia ,Geometry ,Curvatures perception ,Curvature ,Ellipse ,Field (geography) ,Article ,Visual field ,Ophthalmology ,Hyperacuity ,ellipses recognition ,Medicine ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Anisotropy - Abstract
Spatial relationship perception (SRP), defined as the function able to detect the difference between the perceived extent of a shape along the x/y cardinal coordinates, has been investigated in 42 eyes of 21 emmetropic subjects by means of a psychophysical test conceived on purpose. Aiming to the highest sensibility and since curvature detection is reckoned as an hyperacuity, elliptical stimuli have been chosen to measure the spatial relationship anisotropy (SRA) in the visual system. Observers turned out to be able to detect curvature differences along the elliptical contour as low as 33.6 sec arc, which in terms of SRP means an aspect ratio (i.e. the ratio between the height and the width of the ellipse) as low as 1.0022-1.0035. By comparing these results with those obtained in previous investigations from other curvature discrimination tasks, it is argued that recognition threshold is conditioned by the amount of space anisotropy of the visual system. Indeed, in about half of the recruited subjects, vertical/horizontal anisotropy is found to a certain extent and such SRA correlates with the recognition threshold (r= 0.69, p
- Published
- 2010
28. Developmental dyslexia and spatial relationship perception
- Author
-
Marzia Piccoli, Marco Bertolini, Carlo Aleci, and Giulio Piana
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Perceptual Masking ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Adaptation (eye) ,Fixation, Ocular ,Audiology ,Developmental psychology ,Correlation ,Dyslexia ,Perception ,Reading (process) ,Orientation ,medicine ,Humans ,Perceptual Distortion ,Child ,media_common ,Adaptation, Ocular ,Recognition, Psychology ,Crowding ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Reading ,Space Perception ,Fixation (visual) ,Visual Perception ,Anisotropy ,Female ,Psychology ,Algorithms - Abstract
According to wide literature, a global impairment in the temporal and spatial domains as well as an increased crowding effect is common of dyslexics. The aim of the study was to evaluate if such subjects suffer from a more general impairment of spatial relationship perception (SRP) and in particular from anomalous spatial relationship anisotropy (SRA) thus accounting both for their global perceptual distortions and abnormal crowding. SRP of 39 young disabled readers and 23 normal subjects were measured by a specifically designed psychophysical technique based on circular and elliptical target recognitions. A general impairment of SRP characterized by increased horizontal/vertical anisotropy was found in the dyslexic sample compared to the controls. In the second part of the experiment, reading efficiency and reading time were measured by MNREAD(©) reading cards in standard conditions and after increasing horizontal spatial extension of the sentence by different values. We suppose this modification could well compensate the abnormal anisotropy found in dyslexics. Data obtained in the two groups were compared. A strong correlation between reading efficiency (a parameter we have specifically devised) and horizontal spatial text relationship values were present in the patients (r=.87, p
- Published
- 2009
29. Perceptive aspects of visual aura
- Author
-
Carlo Aleci and William Liboni
- Subjects
genetic structures ,Migraine with Aura ,Brain ,Blindsight ,Dermatology ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Affect (psychology) ,eye diseases ,Visual field ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Visual cortex ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Visual memory ,Migraine ,Feature (computer vision) ,medicine ,Visual Perception ,Humans ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,N2pc ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Visual aura is the most common feature associated with migraine, though it can occur separately. In both cases it often represents a dramatic event, especially for patients who experience it for the first time. Besides, its subjective characteristics may illuminate on the functional architecture of the visual cortex. Repetitive events of migraine and visual aura have been suggested to affect the visual system in the long run, both on the cortical and precortical level. In effect, objective investigation of visual functions in patients support the idea that a selective damage does occur, so that more attention to visual examination seems to be justified. In this paper, subjective and psychophysical aspects of visual aura are examined, lastly highlighting and discussing the interesting correlations found between this condition and normal-tension glaucoma.
- Published
- 2008
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.