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1. Label-Free Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Multimodal Contrast Agents in Cells Using Multi-Photon and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author

Reynders H, Van Zundert I, Silva R, Carlier B, Deschaume O, Bartic C, Rocha S, Basov S, Van Bael MJ, Himmelreich U, Verbiest T, and Zamora A

Subjects
iron oxide nanoparticles, photoluminescence, biomedical imaging, mri, cancer cells, multimodal imaging, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Hendrik Reynders,1 Indra Van Zundert,1 Rui Silva,1– 3 Bram Carlier,3 Olivier Deschaume,4 Carmen Bartic,4 Susana Rocha,1 Sergey Basov,5 Margriet J Van Bael,5 Uwe Himmelreich,3 Thierry Verbiest,1 Ana Zamora1,3 1Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; 2Engineering Department, Oporto University, Porto, Portugal; 3Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; 4Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; 5Quantum Solid State Physics, KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumCorrespondence: Ana Zamora Email anamaria.zamoramartinez@kuleuven.beIntroduction: The inherent fluorescence properties of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were characterized, and their applicability for multiphoton imaging in cells was tested in combination with their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capabilities.Methods: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and subsequently coated with polyethylene glycol to make them water-dispersible. Further characterization of the particles was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and magnetic resonance relaxivity measurements. MRI and fluorescence properties of bare IONPs were first studied in solution and subsequently in A549-labeled cells.Results: The particles, with a core size of 11.3 ± 4.5 nm, showed a good negative MRI contrast in tissue-mimicking phantoms. In vitro studies in mammalian A549 cells demonstrate that these IONPs are biocompatible and can also produce significant T2/T2* contrast enhancement in IONPs-labeled cells. Furthermore, excitation-wavelength dependent photoluminescence was observed under one- and two-photon excitation.Discussion: The obtained results indicated that IONPs could be used for fluorescence label-free bioimaging at multiple wavelengths, which was proven by multiphoton imaging of IONPs internalization in A549 cancer cells.Keywords: iron oxide nanoparticles, photoluminescence, biomedical imaging, MRI, cancer cells, multimodal imaging

Published
2021

2. Spatiotemporal Distribution of Nanodroplet Vaporization in a Proton Beam Using Real-Time Ultrasound Imaging for Range Verification

Author

UCL - SSS/IREC/MIRO - Pôle d'imagerie moléculaire, radiothérapie et oncologie, Collado-Lara, G., Heymans, S.V., Rovituso, M., Carlier, B., Toumia, Y., Verweij, M., Paradossi, G., Sterpin, Edmond, Vos, H.J., D'hooge, J., de Jong, N., Van Den Abeele, K., Daeichin, V., UCL - SSS/IREC/MIRO - Pôle d'imagerie moléculaire, radiothérapie et oncologie, Collado-Lara, G., Heymans, S.V., Rovituso, M., Carlier, B., Toumia, Y., Verweij, M., Paradossi, G., Sterpin, Edmond, Vos, H.J., D'hooge, J., de Jong, N., Van Den Abeele, K., and Daeichin, V.

Abstract

The potential of proton therapy to improve the conformity of the delivered dose to the tumor volume is currently limited by range uncertainties. Injectable superheated nanodroplets have recently been proposed for ultrasound-based in vivo range verification, as these vaporize into echogenic microbubbles on proton irradiation. In previous studies, offline ultrasound images of phantoms with dispersed nanodroplets were acquired after irradiation, relating the induced vaporization profiles to the proton range. However, the aforementioned method did not enable the counting of individual vaporization events, and offline imaging cannot provide real-time feedback. In this study, we overcame these limitations using high-frame-rate ultrasound imaging with a linear array during proton irradiation of phantoms with dispersed perfluorobutane nanodroplets at 37°C and 50°C. Differential image analysis of subsequent frames allowed us to count individual vaporization events and to localize them with a resolution beyond the ultrasound diffraction limit, enabling spatial and temporal quantification of the interaction between ionizing radiation and nanodroplets. Vaporization maps were found to accurately correlate with the stopping distribution of protons (at 50°C) or secondary particles (at both temperatures). Furthermore, a linear relationship between the vaporization count and the number of incoming protons was observed. These results indicate the potential of real-time high-frame-rate contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging for proton range verification and dosimetry. © 2021 The Authors

Published
2022

3. Ultrasound-assisted carbon ion dosimetry and range measurement using injectable polymer-shelled phase-change nanodroplets: in vitro study

Author

UCL - SSS/IREC/MIRO - Pôle d'imagerie moléculaire, radiothérapie et oncologie, Toumia, Y., Pullia, M., Domenici, F., Facoetti, A., Ferrarini, M., Heymans, S.V., Carlier, B., Van Den Abeele, K., Sterpin, Edmond, D’hooge, J., D’Agostino, E., Paradossi, G., UCL - SSS/IREC/MIRO - Pôle d'imagerie moléculaire, radiothérapie et oncologie, Toumia, Y., Pullia, M., Domenici, F., Facoetti, A., Ferrarini, M., Heymans, S.V., Carlier, B., Van Den Abeele, K., Sterpin, Edmond, D’hooge, J., D’Agostino, E., and Paradossi, G.

Published
2022

4. Deep learning for dose assessment in radiotherapy by the super-localization of vaporized nanodroplets in high frame rate ultrasound imaging

Author

UCL - SSS/IREC/MIRO - Pôle d'imagerie moléculaire, radiothérapie et oncologie, Van Der Heyden, B., Heymans, S.V., Carlier, B., Collado-Lara, G., Sterpin, Edmond, Dhooge, J., UCL - SSS/IREC/MIRO - Pôle d'imagerie moléculaire, radiothérapie et oncologie, Van Der Heyden, B., Heymans, S.V., Carlier, B., Collado-Lara, G., Sterpin, Edmond, and Dhooge, J.

Published
2022

6. Phase-Change Perfluorobutane Polymerized Lipid-Shelled Nanodroplets for Ultrasound and MRI Imaging

Author

Toumia, Y, Heymans, S, Carlier, B, Saini, S, Lange, H, Dominici, F, Himmelreich, U, VAN DEN ABEELE, K, Sterpin, E, D'Hooge, J, D'Agostino, E, Paradossi, G, TOUMIA Y, HEYMANS S V, CARLIER B, SAINI S, LANGE H, DOMINICI F, HIMMELREICH U, VAN DEN ABEELE K, STERPIN E, D'HOOGE J, D'AGOSTINO E, PARADOSSI G, Toumia, Y, Heymans, S, Carlier, B, Saini, S, Lange, H, Dominici, F, Himmelreich, U, VAN DEN ABEELE, K, Sterpin, E, D'Hooge, J, D'Agostino, E, Paradossi, G, TOUMIA Y, HEYMANS S V, CARLIER B, SAINI S, LANGE H, DOMINICI F, HIMMELREICH U, VAN DEN ABEELE K, STERPIN E, D'HOOGE J, D'AGOSTINO E, and PARADOSSI G

Published
2019

7. Modulating ultrasound contrast generation from injectable nanodroplets for proton range verification by varying the degree of superheat

Author

UCL - SSS/IREC/MIRO - Pôle d'imagerie moléculaire, radiothérapie et oncologie, Heymans, S.V., Carlier, B., Toumia, Y., Nooijens, S., Ingram, M., Giammanco, A., d’Agostino, E., Crijns, W., Bertrand, A., Paradossi, G., Himmelreich, U., D’hooge, J., Sterpin, Edmond, Van Den Abeele, K., UCL - SSS/IREC/MIRO - Pôle d'imagerie moléculaire, radiothérapie et oncologie, Heymans, S.V., Carlier, B., Toumia, Y., Nooijens, S., Ingram, M., Giammanco, A., d’Agostino, E., Crijns, W., Bertrand, A., Paradossi, G., Himmelreich, U., D’hooge, J., Sterpin, Edmond, and Van Den Abeele, K.

Abstract

Purpose: Despite the physical benefits of protons over conventional photon radiation in cancer treatment, range uncertainties impede the ability to harness the full potential of proton therapy. While monitoring the proton range in vivo could reduce the currently adopted safety margins, a routinely applicable range verification technique is still lacking. Recently, phase-change nanodroplets were proposed for proton range verification, demonstrating a reproducible relationship between the proton range and generated ultrasound contrast after radiation-induced vaporization at 25°C. In this study, previous findings are extended with proton irradiations at different temperatures, including the physiological temperature of 37°C, for a novel nanodroplet formulation. Moreover, the potential to modulate the linear energy transfer (LET) threshold for vaporization by varying the degree of superheat is investigated, where the aim is to demonstrate vaporization of nanodroplets directly by primary protons. Methods: Perfluorobutane nanodroplets with a shell made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-PFB) or 10,12-pentacosadyinoic acid (PCDA-PFB) were dispersed in polyacrylamide hydrogels and irradiated with 62 MeV passively scattered protons at temperatures of 37°C and 50°C. Nanodroplet transition into echogenic microbubbles was assessed using ultrasound imaging (gray value and attenuation analysis) and optical images. The proton range was measured independently and compared to the generated contrast. Results: Nanodroplet design proved crucial to ensure thermal stability, as PVA-shelled nanodroplets dramatically outperformed their PCDA-shelled counterpart. At body temperature, a uniform radiation response proximal to the Bragg peak is attributed to nuclear reaction products interacting with PVA-PFB nanodroplets, with the 50% drop in ultrasound contrast being 0.17 mm ± 0.20 mm (mean ± standard deviation) in front of the proton range. Also at 50°C, highly reproducible ultrasound contrast profile

Published
2021

8. Understanding work participation among employees with common mental disorders: What works for whom, under what circumstances and how? A systematic realist review protocol

Author

van Hees, S., Carlier, B. E., Blonk, R. W. B., Oomens, S., van Hees, S., Carlier, B. E., Blonk, R. W. B., and Oomens, S.

Abstract

Background: Work participation among employees with common mental disorders (CMDs) is an increasingly important, yet highly complex phenomenon. Given the call for preventing instead of reacting to negative work outcomes, there is a need to understand how employees with CMDs can continue working. Objectves: 1) to provide insights in applying a realist approach to the literature review process and 2) to present a way to develop an explanatory framework on work participation, the related causal mechanisms and the interaction with the work context. Methofs: A systematic realist literature review, using stay at work (SAW) and work performance (WP) as outcomes of work participation. This protocol paper explains the rationale, tools and procedures developed and used for identification, selection, appraisal and synthesis of included studies. Results: The review process entailed six steps to develop so called ‘middle range program theories’. Each step followed a systematic, iterative procedure using context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations. Conclusions: Conducting a realist review adds on the understanding to promote work participation, by examining the heterogeneity and complexity of intervention- and observational studies. This paper facilitates other researchers within the field of occupational health by demonstrating ways to develop a framework on work participation using realist synthesis.

Published
2021

9. Phase-Change Perfluorobutane Polymerized Lipid-Shelled Nanodroplets for Ultrasound and MRI Imaging

Author

TOUMIA Y, HEYMANS S V, CARLIER B, SAINI S, LANGE H, DOMINICI F, HIMMELREICH U, VAN DEN ABEELE K, STERPIN E, D'HOOGE J, D'AGOSTINO E, PARADOSSI G, Toumia, Y, Heymans, S, Carlier, B, Saini, S, Lange, H, Dominici, F, Himmelreich, U, VAN DEN ABEELE, K, Sterpin, E, D'Hooge, J, D'Agostino, E, and Paradossi, G

Subjects
Phase-Change, polyperfluorobutane, nanodroplets, ultrasound, MRI
Published
2019

13. Prospective inventory of radioactive materials and waste produced by the French nuclear fleet according to various options

Author

Chabert, C., Touron, E., Saturnin, A., Krivtchik, G., Girotto, J.-L., Mathonnière, G., Eschback, R., Gabriel, S., Martin, G., Miranda, P., Courtin, F., Allou, A., Boccaccio, R., Giffard, F.-X., Bonin, A., Casoli, P., Laugier, F., Carlier, B., Senentz, G., CADARACHE, Bibliothèque, CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), EDF (EDF), FRAMATOME, ORANO, and The authors are grateful to EDF, Orano and Framatome for their support on this work through the CEA research programme on the back-end of the fuel cycle.

Subjects
REP, [PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Multirecyclage du Plutonium, Scenario, RNR, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], PNGMDR
Abstract

International audience; In accordance with the French Act of 28 June 2006 on the sustainable management of radioactive materials andwaste, this paper summarises the technical characterisation of prospective scenarios using different fuel cycleoptions: open cycle, recycling of plutonium and uranium in PWRs (current option for the French nuclear powerfleet), multiple recycling of plutonium in SFRs, and multiple recycling of plutonium in PWRs. This informationhas been submitted by the CEA to the Ministry of Energy within the scope of Article 51 of the Ministerial Orderdated 23 February on the French National Radioactive Materials and Waste Management Plan (PNGMDR).Rather than imagining the large-scale replacement of PWRs by fast reactors within a short period of time (theassumption of some past studies), it was decided to study a scenario involving a more progressive deployment onthe basis of existing materials and facilities. This solution appears to be better suited to the dynamics oftechnical progress in the field, while providing greater flexibility to adapt to societal changes. The path for thisscenario is marked by successive milestones (stages), with each corresponding to an increased deployment offast reactors with their own increasingly ambitious objectives.Phase A corresponds to the current state of the French nuclear reactor fleet wherein plutonium and uranium arerecycled in mixed-oxide (MOX) and enriched reprocessed uranium (ERU) fuels in pressurised water reactors(PWR). Phase B consists in recycling spent MOX fuel from PWRs in a limited number of SFRs. The objective ofthis phase is to stabilise the quantities of spent MOX fuels from light water reactors. Phase C is designed to beable to stabilise the plutonium inventory by deploying a symbiotic fleet comprising UOX-PWRs, MOX-PWRs andSFRs. The objective of phase D is to deploy a fleet of reactors that no longer burns natural uranium. There aretwo possible options for a nuclear fleet that can generally be considered as self-sufficient, i.e. D1, ahomogeneous fleet with 100% SFRs, and D2, a mixed fleet comprising breeder SFRs producing plutonium andPWRs fuelled with 100% MOX to burn this plutonium.However, SFRs may not become economically competitive in the next few decades if uranium resources remainreadily available, and MOX spent fuels may start to pile up at the back-end of the fuel cycle unless alternativeplutonium management solutions in PWRs are found. In this study, advanced fuel batches, called CORAIL andMIX, are applied to enable multiple recycling in standard PWRs.The CORAIL concept involves placing both MOX fuel rods with depleted uranium support structures and UOXfuel rods in the same fuel assembly. A configuration based on 84 MOX fuel rods and 181 UOX fuel rods wasstudied in the early 2000s, which is why it has been chosen for the first scenario in this paper. As the enrichmentof UOX rods is maximised at 5%, the plutonium content is adapted to make up for its loss of fissile quality witheach recycling phase.The MIX concept is based on a fuel assembly containing only MOX fuel rods with enriched uranium supportstructures. The purpose in this case is to limit the plutonium content in the fuel to a level similar to that ofcurrent MOX fuels and to meet any additional needs in fissile nuclei by providing enriched uranium in thesupport. The greater the isotopic degradation of plutonium, the greater the enrichment will be, which will beincreased with each recycling phase to make sure $^{235}$U is stabilised at around 3% to 4%. Three plutoniumcontents have been considered in our study: 8%, 9.54% and 12%.This paper assesses the material flows and inventories for these various options on the basis of two approaches:1) static (or in equilibrium) by supposing that each option is artificially maintained long enough, and 2) dynamic(for transition scenarios).The total disposal surface area required for each of the different options is also discussed on the basis of theAndra disposal concept. The assessment of the resulting waste volumes depending on the option is given inanother paper, also presented at this conference.

Published
2019

14. The association between social exclusion or inclusion and health in EU and OECD countries: a systematic review

Author

Bergen, A.P.L. van, Wolf, J.R.L.M., Badou, M., Wilde-Schutten, K. de, IJzelenberg, W., Schreurs, H., Carlier, B., Hoff, S.J.M., Hemert, A.M. van, Bergen, A.P.L. van, Wolf, J.R.L.M., Badou, M., Wilde-Schutten, K. de, IJzelenberg, W., Schreurs, H., Carlier, B., Hoff, S.J.M., and Hemert, A.M. van

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 207095.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: Social exclusion (SE), or the inability to participate fully in society, is considered one of the driving forces of health inequalities. Systematic evidence on this subject is pertinent but scarce. This review aims to systematically summarise peer reviewed studies examining the association between the multidimensional concepts of SE and social inclusion (SI) and health among adults in EU and OECD countries. METHODS: The protocol was registered on Prospero (CRD42017052718). Three major medical databases were searched to identify studies published before January 2018, supplemented by reference and citation tracking. Articles were included if they investigated SE or SI as a multidimensional concept with at least two out of the four dimensions of SE/SI, i.e. economic, social, political and cultural. A qualitative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS: Twenty-two observational studies were included. In the general population, high SE/low SI was associated with adverse mental and general health. For physical health, the evidence was inconclusive. In groups at high risk of SE, support was found for the association between high SE/low SI and adverse mental health but no conclusions could be drawn for physical and general health. CONCLUSIONS: This review found evidence for the association between high SE/low SI and adverse health outcomes, particularly mental health outcomes. The evidence is mainly based on cross-sectional studies using simple and often ad hoc indicators of SE/SI. The development and use of validated measures of SE/SI and more longitudinal research is needed to further substantiate the evidence base and gain better understanding of the causal pathways.

Published
2019

15. Bosactua : Europa bindt strijd aan met ontbossing, maar doet dat vooralsnog voorzichtig

Author

Carlier, B. and Carlier, B.

Abstract

De Europese Commissie heeft een nieuw stappenplan klaar om de strijd tegen ontbossing op te voeren. Milieuorganisaties zijn gematigd positief, maar vragen ook om concrete wetgeving. Bijna driekwart van alle ontbossing in de tropen wordt veroorzaakt door commerciële landbouw. De EU - de grootste invoerder van landbouwgoederen per hoofd van de bevolking - wil daarom actie ondernemen met een stappenplan. Dat komt er na aanhoudende druk door lidstaten, het Europees Parlement en ngo's.

Published
2019

17. Feasibility of future prospects and transition scenarios for the French fuel cycle

Author

Chabert-Koralews, C., Saturnin, A., Krivtchik, G., Martin, G., Tiphine, M., Mathonniere, G., Gabriel, S., Allou, A., Fillastre, E., Giffard, Fx., Sarrat, P., Girotto, Jl., Hancok, H., Carlier, B., Senentz, G., Laugier, F., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CEA-DEN Cadarache (CEA-DEN), AREVA, Groupe AREVA, EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF), and amplexor, amplexor

Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents the industrial feasibility analysis of scenarios involving the progressive deployment of multiple recycling of plutonium in French sodium fast reactors (SFR), in line with the French Act dated 28 June 2006 on the sustainable management of radioactive materials and waste. Four successive phases have been defined with different degrees of SFR deployment in order to understand how best to accomplish this fuel cycle transition.

Published
2017

18. The Effects of Uncertainty of Input Parameters on Nuclear Fuel Cycle Scenario Studies

Author

Tiphine, M., Vezzoni, B., Alvarez-Velarde, F., Carlier, B., Wojtaszek, D., Glinatsis, G., Brolly, A., Dixon, B., Eschbach, R., Christophe Coquelet, Freynet, D., Edwards, G., Hyland, B., Hakkinen, S., Viitanen, T., Gabrielli, F., Ono, K., Cornet, S., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), AREVA, Groupe AREVA, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Japan Atomic Energy Agency [Ibaraki] (JAEA), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, amplexor, amplexor, and Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile = Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA)

Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], AEN, Scenario, COSI, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]
Abstract

International audience; Nuclear systems, composed of reactors and fuel cycle facilities, are complex and in constant evolution. Fuel cycle scenario studies aim at evaluating the consequences of decisions taken in the near term on the eventual outcomes of a chosen fuel cycle.Scenario studies require a large amount of data and hypotheses, such as the energy demand and its evolution or the performances and characteristics of existing and future technologies. Each hypothesis, represented by a parameter, is a potential source of uncertainty that can impact the scenario outcomes. The Nuclear Energy Agency's Expert Group on Advanced Fuel Cycle Scenarios (NEA/AFCS) recently completed an activity that used sensitivity studies to evaluate the impact of uncertainty of the primary scenario input parameters on scenario results.At the beginning of the study, a base case scenario was specified and evaluated. It considers a PWR UOX reactor fleet using low enriched uranium oxide fuel and its gradual replacement by a sodium fast reactor (SFR) fleet using uranium/plutonium mixed oxide fuel. Each member of the group evaluated this scenario with its own scenario code (COSI, COSAC, FAMILY, SITON, TR_EVOL or VISION). It is noteworthy that the different codes show a good consistency in the results and that the differences have been investigated and documented in order to ensure a strong basis for comparison in the sensitivity study.Then, 17 key input parameters and their range of variation as well as 22 scenario outputs were identified and sensitivity analyses were conducted. The key parameters were chosen amongst the general assumptions on the scenario (energy demand, introduction date of fast reactor), reactors and facilities characteristics (burn-ups, losses at reprocessing) and some minor actinides recycling parameters. As far as possible, each parameter was varied independently from the others. This sensitivity study shows the relative impact of each parameter on each output metric. In order to compare the large amount of results, two methods of summarization were adopted, as described in the paper. These comparisons have shown that some parameters, such as the energetic production or the introduction date of fast reactors, have a strong impact on the results whereas others, like the UOX fabrication time, have almost no impact on the studied scenario.

Published
2016

19. Americium transmutation in a scenario of progressive SFR deployment

Author

Tiphine, M., Christophe Coquelet, Eschbach, R., Chabert-Koralews, C., Carlier, B., Caron-Charles, M., Senentz, G., Laugier, F., amplexor, amplexor, CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), AREVA, Groupe AREVA, and EDF (EDF)

Subjects
americium, [PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], SFR, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], plutonium, [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Scenario, COSI, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], transmutation
Abstract

International audience; After the studies carried out in the frame of the 2006 French act for waste management, the CEA, EDF and AREVA decided to work together on potential progressive transition scenarios from the current French nuclear fleet to a SFR fleet which does not require natural uranium to operate. This paper describes one of these scenarios.The first part of the paper focuses on the presentation and results of this transition scenario, with no minor actinides (MA) transmutation taken into account. The scenario starts with the current French fleet and its replacement by an EPR reactor fleet in which plutonium keeps on being monorecycled. MOX PWR spent fuel (SF) reprocessing begins in 2040 in order to feed three breakeven SFR, commissioned between 2050 and 2059. To prepare for a larger SFR deployment, three more SFRs are commissioned between 2075 and 2085 and small-scale SFR SF reprocessing starts in 2060. In 2090, additional SFR are deployed in order to stabilize total plutonium and used fuels inventories, with a fleet composed of 16 breeder SFR and 22 EPR reactors. Finally, between 2150 and 2185, this EPR/SFR reactor fleet is progressively renewed by a new one composed of 41 breakeven SFR. At the end of the scenario, the total Pu inventory is stabilized at 1260t (mostly present in SF and reactor cores) but the MA inventory in the waste is still increasing at a rate of 2.5tHM/y.The following parts of the paper focus on the impact of americium (Am) transmutation in Am bearing blankets (AmBB) loaded in the SFR commissioned in the scenario. Two cases are described, one considering the Am transmutation in the fleet ultimately composed only of SFR, and the other one considering the Am transmutation starting with the mixed SFR/EPR fleet. Finally, one row of AmBB containing 10wt% of Am is enough to stabilize the Am inventory (in both cycle and waste) if the fleet is only composed only of SFR. In the case of a mixed fleet composed of 16 SFRs and 22 moxed EPRs, two rows of AmBB containing 15wt% of Am are required in each SFR core in order to recycle all of the separated Am. However, in that case the total Am inventory is not stabilized as it is still increasing in the spent fuel and blankets. It is noteworthy that, compared to a scenario with Pu multirecycling but without transmutation, Am transmutation in AmBB can lead to a 30% reduction of the radiotoxicity of the waste accumulated all over the scenario.

Published
2016

20. Simulations of Progressive Potential Scenarios of Pu Multirecycling in SFR and Associated Phase-out in the French Nuclear Power Fleet

Author

Tiphine, M., Christophe Coquelet, Krivtchik, G., Eschbach, R., Chabert-Koralews, C., Carlier, B., Caron-Charles, M., Senentz, G., Den Durpel, L., Garzenne, C., Laugier, F., amplexor, amplexor, CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), AREVA, Groupe AREVA, AREVA NP - Centre Technique (FRANCE), Direction Technique (EDF Direction Technique), and EDF (EDF)

Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], SFR, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], plutonium, [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Scenario, COSI, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], phase-out
Abstract

International audience; After the studies carried out in the frame of the 2006 French Act for waste management, the CEA, EDF and AREVA decided to work together on progressive potential scenarios of the French transition between the current nuclear fleet and a SFR fleet which does not require natural uranium to operate. To do so, several steps were defined, each of them having a different purpose and allowing a gain of experience to move on to the next one.In one of these scenarios, between 2030 and 2062 the current PWR fleet is renewed by an EPR reactor fleet in which plutonium keeps on being monorecycled. This EPR reactor fleet is loaded with about 10% of MOX fuel which enables to stabilize the UOX spent fuel inventory. Beginning from the 2040 decade, a few FR reactors and their associated cycle are progressively introduced MOX PWR spent fuels reprocessing begins in 2040 in order to feed three 1000 MWe breakeven SFR, commissioned between 2050 and 2059.This enables to test at an industrial scale the new Nuclear System and to stabilize used MOX fuel inventory. To prepare for a larger FR deployment, three 1450 MWe breakeven SFR are commissioned between 2075 and 2085. An SFR spent fuel reprocessing of 15 to 21 tHM/y starts in 2060 in order to feed the three 1450 MWe SFR. From 2090, thirteen additional 1450 MWe SFR are deployed in order to reach an equilibrium fleet composed of sixteen 1450 MWe breeder SFR and 22 EPR reactors (with an average MOX load of 39.5%). At this point of the scenario, the Pu global inventory is stabilized, and the energy production remains constant at 420TWhe. From 2150, this EPR/SFR reactor fleet is progressively renewed by a new one composed of 41 breakeven SFR, which does not require natural uranium to operate.SFR deployment in 2150 leads to a slight increase in the global plutonium inventory which stabilizes definitively in 2180. At the end of the scenario, the Pu inventory is reduced by 47% compared with a 100% UOX PWR fleet (open cycle scenario). The global minor actinides inventory is increasing at a rate that can be managed at the back end. Over the whole scenario, 1.01.106 tons of natural uranium have been used. This represents a 40% reduction compared with the open cycle scenario.A faster SFR deployment scenario was also studied, identical to the previous one up to 2090. From 2090, a 41 SFR fleet is deployed according to Pu availability. The equilibrium is reached in 2135 when the global Pu inventory is stabilized.Nuclear phase-outs have been studied at several dates in order to evaluate the impacts in terms of inventories at each step of the scenario. Studies of optimized phase-out, aiming at reducing the Pu global inventory, the spent fuel mass and the waste inventories, have also been carried out. They involve MOX EPR reactors with high moderation ratio and enriched uranium support and burner SFR.

Published
2015

21. RMT 'AgroforesterieS': a new Mixed Technological Network for agroforestry development in France

Author

Meziere, Delphine, Bachevillier, Y., Carlier, B., Grandgirard, David, Liagre, F., Dupraz, Christian, Fonctionnement et conduite des Systèmes de culture Tropicaux et Méditerranéens, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Chambre d'Agriculture du Loir et Cher (CA 41), bergerie Nationale, CEZ de Rambouillet, Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, Agroof SCOP, and European Agroforestry Federation (EURAF). INT.

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

22. Agroforestries: a new mixed technological network for agroforestry development in France

Author

Mézière, D., Bachevillier, Y., Carlier, B., Grandgirard, D., Liagre, F., and Dupraz, C.

Subjects
France, agroforestry
Abstract

Poster Facing new challenges of agriculture, the research for more sustainable agrosystems includes a growing interest in agroforestry practices. Over the past years, a large number of experimental and demonstration plots have been established all around France. However, coordination between research and extension partners is lacking. In order to support innovations in agriculture, the French government encourages partnership between research, development and education stakeholders, through the creation of Mixed Technological Networks (Réseaux Mixtes Technologiques, RMT). These RMTs benefit from national recognition and receive a grant for network coordination and communication. In 2014, a new network was created: the RMT “AgroforesterieS” brings together about fifty members involved in agroforestry, from research, semi-public and associative farmers’ organizations, technical institutes, engineering offices, and agricultural schools. By sharing expertise, databases and demonstration sites, the network aims at (i) promoting collective dynamics for the development of sustainable and innovative agroforestry systems adapted to the French territorial constraints, and (ii) developing technical and methodological tools for the setting up and management of agroforestry systems. It will particularly achieve these by: 1. Creating an observatory of agroforestry practices, including both experimental and commercial sites, in order to provide technical references for farmers; 2. Carrying out a multicriteria assessment of agroforestry systems, in terms of economical, technical, agronomical and environmental performances, as well as adoption factors; 3. Ensuring the coordination of scientific and technical stakeholders in order to initiate new collectively-thought projects of research and development in agroforestry; 4. Developing and/or improve decision support tools for farmers and land managers for the design and management of agroforestry systems; 5. Drawing up a strategy for knowledge diffusion towards future advisors, learners, and users.

Published
2014

25. Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with enoxaparin, abciximab, or unfractionated heparin: the ASSENT-3 randomised trial in acute myocardial infarction

Author

Van de Werf, F., Armstrong, P. W., Granger, C., Wallentin, L., Adgey, A. A. J., Aylward, P., Binbrek, A. S., Califf, R., Cassim, S., Diaz, R., Fanebust, R., Fioretti, P. M., Huber, K., Husted, S., Lindahl, B., Lopez-Sendon, J. L., Makijarvi, M., Meyer, J., Navarro Robles, J., Pfisterer, M., Seabra-Gomes, R., Soares-Piegas, L., Sugrue, D., Tendera, M., Theroux, P., Toutouzas, P., Vahanian, A., Verheugt, F., Sarelin, H., Goetz, G., Bluhmki, E., Daclin, V., Danays, T., Houbracken, K., Kaye, J., Reilly, P., Hacke, W., von Kummer, R., Lesaffre, E., Bogaerts, K., Peeters, C., Fox, K. A. A., Brower, R., Hirsh, J., Maggioni, A., Tijssen, J., Weaver, D., Beernaert, A., Beysen, N., Broos, K., De Prins, E., D'Hollander, K., Dupon, L., Fomyna, N., Fransen, A., Genesse, D., Goffin, L., Hendrickx, R., Jansen, B., Jorissen, F., Luys, C., Luyten, A., Marschal, C., Moreira, M., Munsters, K., Salerno, R., Schoovaerts, C., Sinnaeve, P., Schildermans, C., Vandenberghe, K., Vandeschoot, K., Van Gucht, H., Van Rompaey, P., Vlassak, S., Watzeels, M., Wittockx, H., Galan, K., Humeniuk, L., Seidel, A., Molina, M., Hafley, G., Alexander, J., Pascual, A., Bestilny, S., Temple, T., Ahuad Guerrero, R., Albisu, J. P., Bassani Arrieta, C. A., Bono, J., Caccavo, A., Cagnolatti, A., Cartasegna, L. R., Castellanos, R., Chekerdemian, S., Covelli, G., Cuello, J. L., Cuneo, C. A., Fernandez, A., Ferrara, C., Ferro-Queirel, E., Gambarte, A., Garcia-Duran, R., Hasbani, E., Hrabar, A., Keller, L., Lobo Marquez, L. L., Luciardi, H., Macin, S. M., Marinig, A., Marzetti, E., Muntaner, J., Nordaby, R., Orlandini, A. D., Piombo, A. C., Pomposiello, J. C., Quijano, R. A., Amerena, J., Aroney, G., Buckmaster, N., Carroll, P., Fitzpatrick, M., Newman, R., Rowe, M., Singh, B., Thomson, A., Winter, C., Eber, B., Gaul, G. B., Klein, W., Leisch, F., Mayr, H., Mlczoch, J., Niessner, H., Pachinger, O., Pall, H., Pichler, M., Roggla, G., Schaflinger, E., Schreiber, W., Slany, J., Traindl, O., Zenker, G., Beckers, J., Bekaert, I., Berthe, C., Bodur, G., Carlier, B., Carlier, M., Carpentier, J., Celen, H., Charlier, F., Clement, A., Coenen, A., Crochelet, L., De Keyser, F., De Man, F., de Meester, A., Dendale, P., Dhondt, E., Dhooghe, G., El Allaf, D., Elshot, S., Emmerechts, C., Foret, F., Gatera, E., Geraedts, J., Gerardy, A. C., Gysbrechts, M., Hallemans, R., Hellemans, S., Herssens, H., Huygens, L., Janssens, L., Lalmand, J., Maamar, R., Marechal, P., Mertens, D., Michel, P., Morandini, E., Nannan, M., Nguyen, D., Odeurs, W., Peerenboom, P., Pirenne, B., Quinonez, M., Raymenants, E., Renard, M., Silance, P. G., Standaert, A. M., Striekwold, H., Thiels, H., Valadi, D., van Brabandt, H., Van Dormael, M., Van Iseghem, P., Van Walleghem, U., Vanden Bosch, H., Vandenbossche, J. L., Vermylen, J., Verstraete, S., Vo Ngoc, P., Willems, P., Zenner, R., Campos de Albuquerque, D., Coutinho, M., de Camargo Carvalho, A. C., Fernandes Manenti, E. R., Ferreira Azevedo, A., Golin, V., Gun, C., Marin Neto, J. A., Marino, R. L., Miranda Abrantes, J. A., Nicolau, J. C., Porto Alegre Dancini, E. M., Rabelo, A., Ramos, R. F., Rizzi Coelho, O., Alexander, D., Bata, I. R., Bhargava, R. K., Bogaty, P., D'Amours, G., Darcel, I., Finnie, K. J. C., Fowlis, R., Gupta, M. K., Henderson, M., Howlett, M. K., Javier, J. J., Kieu, C. V., Kumar, G., Lebouthillier, P., Leduc, F., Lepage, S., Mcavinue, T., Mcgillen, J. E., Mcmeekin, J. D., Morse, J. W., Pistawka, K., Raimondo, E. F., Sandrin, F., Smith, H., Smylie, P. C., Tran, K., Turabian, M., Wagner, K. R., Winkler, L. H., Woo, K. S., Falstie-Jensen, N., Lind Rasmussen, S., Lomholt, P., Markenvard, J., Nielsen, H., Petersen, J., Romer, F., Ahonen, J., Huttunen, M., Kokkonen, L., Luukkonen, J., Mantyla, P., Melin, J., Mustonen, J., Valli, J., Voutilainen, S., Agraou, B., Allam, S., Baradat, G., Battistella, P., Bazin, P., Bouvier, J. -M., Destrac, S., Fouche, R., Fournier, P. -Y., Funck, F., Garnier, H., Grall, J. -Y., Gully, C., Lallement, P. -Y., Loiselet, P., Mycinsky, C., Page, A., Parisot, M., Range, G., Rocher, R., Tafani, C., Thisse, J. -Y., Tibi, T., Tissot, M., Wahl, P., Backenkohler, U., Bavastro, P., Beckmann-Hiss, H., Behnke, M., Bermes, M., Bernsmeier, R., Bethge, K. P., Bethge, H., Block, M., Burkhardt, W., Cieslinski, G., Claus, G., Deetjen, A., Diefenbach, A., Diehm, C., Dietz, A., Dippold, W. G., Eichner, A., Erckenbrecht, J. F., Gawlick, L., Gerber, V., Goppel, L., Gottwik, M., Grosch, B., Hammer, B., Hanheide, M., Hanrath, P., Haspel, J., Hennersdorf, F., Hermanns, M., Hoffmeister, H. M., Holzapfel, P., Hubner, H., Jansen, W., Jung, S., Kaddatz, J., Kienbock, H., Klein, H. H., Konz, K. H., Kulschbach, M., Leschke, M., Liebau, G., Linnartz, M., Lockert, G., Loesbrock, R., Lollgen, H., Ludwig, N., Mudra, H., Munzer, K., Nebel, B., Nellessen, U., Neu, C., Olbrich, H. G., Pfeffer, A., Pfeiffer, P., Plate, V., Pollock, B., Rapp, H., Rommele, U., Sauer, K., Scheffler, N., Schlotterbeck, K., Schmidt-Salzmann, A., Schnitzler, G., Schumann, H., Schuster, C. J., Schuster, P., Schweizer, P., Seitz, K., Simon, R., Spes, C., Szabo, S., Terhardt-Kasten, E., Theuerkauf, B., Tigges, R., Tinnappel, J., Topp, H., Trockel, P., Unland, N., Veth, V., Vom Dahl, J., Vossbeck, G., Weindel, K., Weib, D., Wiewel, D., Wirtz, P., Zipp, C., Apostolou, T., Chalkidis, C., Exadaktylos, N., Foussas, S., Hatseras, D., Karas, S., Karydis, K., Lambrou, S., Louridas, G., Manolis, A., Nanas, J., Novas, I., Panagiotidou, T., Papadopoulos, C., Papakonstantinou, D., Papasteriadis, E., Pavlidis, P., Pyrgakis, V., Skoufas, P., Stavrati, A., Tyrologos, A., Vardas, P., Vrouchos, G., Zacharoulis, A., Zarifis, J., Brown, A., Daly, K., Fennell, W., Horgan, J., Mccann, H., Mcdonald, K., O'Reilly, M., Sullivan, P., Altamura, G., Ambrosio, G., Auteri, A., Aveta, P., Azzarito, M., Badano, L. P., Barbiero, M., Barletta, C., Biscosi, C., Boccanelli, A., Bottero, M., Brizio, E., Brunazzi, M. C., Brunelli, C., Bugatti, U., Capozi, A., Capucci, A., Carfora, A., Caronna, A., Carrone, M., Casazza, F., Cauticci, A., Ceci, V., Ciconte, V., Circo, A., Ciricugno, S., Comito, F., Cornacchia, D., Corsini, G., D'Andrea, F., De Rosa, P., De Simone, M., Del Citerna, F., Del Pinto, M., Dell'Ali, C., Della Casa, S., Della Monica, R., Delogu, G., Di Biase, M., Di Chiara, A., Di Guardo, G., Di Marco, S., Di Mario, F., Di Napoli, T., Di Palma, F., Fadin, B. M., Fazzari, M., Ferraiuolo, G., Fiaschetti, R., Fontanelli, A., Fresco, C., Gambelli, G., Gasbarri, F., Gemelli, M., Giani, P., Gigantino, A., Giomi, A., Giorgi, G., Greco, C., Gregorio, G., Guagnozzi, G., Guiducci, U., Guzzardi, G., Izzo, A., La Rosa, A., Leone, F., Leone, G., Lo Bianco, F., Locuratolo, N., Maggiolini, S., Malinconico, M., Mancone, C., Mangiameli, S., Marchi, S. M., Maresta, A., Mauri, F., Mazzini, C. A., Michisanti, M., Miracapillo, G., Modena, M. G., Morgagni, G. L., Mossuti, E., Nascimbeni, F., Negrelli, M., Notaristefano, A., Pardi, S., Peci, P., Pettinati, G., Pietropaolo, F., Pirelli, S., Pretolani, M., Prinzi, D., Proietti, F., Raganelli, L., Rapino, S., Re, F., Ricci, R., Rinaldi, G., Rusticali, G., Severi, S., Spallarossa, P., Tartagni, F., Terrosu, P., Tortorella, G., Tota, F., Tritto, I., Tuccilo, B., Turco, V., Uscio, G., Valagussa, F., Vergoni, W., Verzuri, M. S., Vetrano, A., Villani, R., Zanini, R., Boisante, L., Niclou, R., Alcocer, L., Castro, A., Fragoso, J., Gonzalez, V., Gonzalez-Pacheco, H., Hernandez-Santamaria, I., Huerta, R., Huerta, D., Martinez, A., Mendoza, M., Moguel, R., Navarro, J., Portos, J. M., Rodriguez, I., Sierra, L., Valencia, S., Vazquez, A., Arnold, A. E. R., Boehmer, A. G., de Graaf, J. J., Funke Kupper, A. J., Gobel, E. J. A. M., Janus, C. L., Linssen, G. C. M., Sedney, M. I., Slegers, L. C., Spierenburg, H. A. M., Strikwerda, S., Tans, J. G. M., Twisk, S. P. M., van der Heijden, R., van Kalmthout, P. M., Verheugt, F. W. A., Holt, E., Skogsholm, A., Thorshaug, R., Thybo, N. K., Wang, H., Maciejewicz, J., Piotrowski, W., Pluta, W., Ruminski, W., Skura, M., Smielak-Korombel, W., Carranca, J., Carvalho, M., Catarino, C., Cunha, D., Ferreira, D., Ferreira, J., Ferreira da Costa, A. F., Lopes de Carvalho, J., Martins, L., Mourao, L., Oliveira Carrageta, M., Prazeres de Sa, E., Puig, J., Ramalho Dos Santos, M. J. J., Resende, M., Seabra Gomes, R., Baig, M. M. E., Bayat, J., Benjamin, J. D., Ranjith, N., Routier, R., Wittmer, H., Abizanda Campos, R., Alonso Garcia, M. A., Amaro Cendon, A., Arboleda Sanchez, J. A., Blanco Varela, J., Bruguera I Cortada, J., Carpintero Avellaneda, J. L., Caturla Such, J., Civeira Murillo, E., Fernandez Aviles, F., Fernandez Fernandez, R., Figueras Bellot, J., Fiol Sala, M., Froufe Sanchez, J., Garcia Calabozo, R., Garcia Palacios, J. L., Gonzalez Maqueda, I., Kallmeyer Martin, C., Lopez Sendon, J. L., Manzano Ramirez, A., Marine Rebull, J., Monton Rodriguez, A., Pique Gilart, M., Reina Toral, A., Rodriguez Llorian, A., Ruano Marco, M., Sanchez Miralles, A., Sanjose Garagarza, J. M., Santalo Bel, M., Torres Ruiz, J. M., Valentin Segura, V., Ahlstrom, P., Ahremark, U., Bandh, S., Bellinetto, A., Dahlberg, A., Hansen, O., Hurtig, U., Jonasson, L., Karlsson, J. E., Larsson, L. E., Moller, B., Ohlin, H., Persson, H., Sandstedt, L., Soderberg, S., Svennberg, L., Swahn, E., Tygesen, H., Broccard, A. F., Estlinbaum, W., Follath, F., Frutiger, A., Hess, N., Maggiorini, M., Marti, D., Muller, P., Rickenbacher, P., Schaller, M. D., Weinbacher, M., Abdulali, S., Ahmad, G., George, S., Ghazi, A., Rao, K. N., Bishop, A., Bridges, A., Canepa-Anson, R., Cave, M., Clarck, R., Cooper, I., de Belder, A., Farrer, M., Kendall, J. M., Ludman, P., Mattu, R., Mcglinchey, P., Moriarty, A. J., Muthusamy, S., Nee, P. A., Nolan, J., Papouchado, M., Rose, E. L., Shahi, M., Stephens, J., Trevelyan, J., Abdul-Karim, A., Adler, L., Arunasalam, S., Avington, D., Baron, S., Beel, T., Bellamy, B., Bennett, J., Berndt, T., Berrick, A., Bersin, R. M., Bethala, V., Bharath, S., Bouchard, A., Boulet, J. E., Bowerman, R., Boyek, T., Brar, R. S., Brodell, G., Bryant, B., Buckner, J. K., Cage, J., Cannon, J. D., Carducci, B., Carr, K., Chang, M., Chelliah, N., Chin, W. L., Chin, J., Church, D. H., Clark, R., Coulis, L., Dadkhah, S., Dearing, B., Defranco, A., Dharawat, M., Dharawat, R., Dhruva, N., Dicola, J., Dykstra, G., Eisenberg, S., El-Bialy, A., Fera, S., Ford, K., Foreman, R. D., Friedman, S., Friedman, V., Garibian, G., Gelormini, J., Geninatti, M. R., Genovese, R., Ghazi, F., Gilchrist, I., Gitler, B., Glover, R., Gonzalez, J., Goulah, R., Graham, B., Gray, R., Grodman, R., Habib, G. B., Hack, T., Hamroff, G., Hanna, G., Hart, M., Haught, H., Hawkins, J., Hempel, R., Hiremath, Y., Hiser, W., Holland, E., Jaffe, N., Jamal, N., James, K. F., Kalla, S., Kates, M., Kemper, A. J., Kennedy, J. J., Kerut, E. K., Killpack, M., King, J., T. Y., Ko, Kollar, K., Kontos, M., Kugelmassluu, A., Kumar, A., Kutscher, A. H., Lambrecht, C., Lancaster, L., Layden, J., Lazar, A., Lebow, M., Lee, C., Lee, A. B., Lehr, J., Levin, F. L., Levitt, R., Levy, R. M., Lieberman, A., Litman, G. I., Lui, H., Luu, M. Q., Macdonald, G., Madyoon, H., Mancherje, C., Marmulstein, M., Mclaurin, B. T., Mcnellis, M., Mendelson, R., Micale, P. J., Miller, M. J., Miller, M. S., Miller, J., Millman, A., Millsaps, R., Minor, S., Modica, J., Morse, H., Moskovits, N., Nester, B. A., Newton, A. S., Niazi, I., Niederman, A., Oatfield, R., Painter, J. A., Pamfilis, S. M., Pamulapati, K. M., Patel, N., Payne, R., Pearson, C., Peizner, D. S., Petrovich, L., Piriz, J., Pollack, M., Pollock, S., Popkave, A., Puma, J. A., Quesada, R., Quigley-Malcolm, D., Raby, K., Ravindran, K., Rees, A. P., Reiner, J., Rivera, E., Rogers, F., Rosenthal, A., Rowe, W. W., Ryan, P. F., Ryman, K., Salacata, A., Santolin, C., Saucedo, J., Savage, R., Savage, W., Schumacher, R., Segarra, S., Sharkey, S., Shonkoff, D., Silver, M., Silver, S. L., Singh, G., Sinyard, R. D., Sporn, D., Srivastava, N. K., Stomel, R., Suresh, D. P., Tallman, M., Togioka, T., Varma, S., Verant, R. P., Wallach, R., Weinberg, M., Weinberg, D., Weinstein, J. M., Wesley, G., Westerman, J. H., Wheeling, J., Whitaker, J., Widmer, M., Yasin, M., and Zakrzewski, M. J.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Abciximab, Ischemia, Myocardial Infarction, Tenecteplase, Injections, Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments, Reperfusion therapy, Fibrinolytic Agents, Recurrence, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Myocardial infarction, Enoxaparin, Aged, Intention-to-treat analysis, Chi-Square Distribution, business.industry, Heparin, Antibodies, Monoclonal, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Regimen, Treatment Outcome, Anesthesia, Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Cardiology, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, business, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, medicine.drug
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Current fibrinolytic therapies fail to achieve optimum reperfusion in many patients. Low-molecular-weight heparins and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors have shown the potential to improve pharmacological reperfusion therapy. We did a randomised, open-label trial to compare the efficacy and safety of tenecteplase plus enoxaparin or abciximab, with that of tenecteplase plus weight-adjusted unfractionated heparin in patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: 6095 patients with acute myocardial infarction of less than 6 h were randomly assigned one of three regimens: full-dose tenecteplase and enoxaparin for a maximum of 7 days (enoxaparin group; n=2040), half-dose tenecteplase with weight-adjusted low-dose unfractionated heparin and a 12-h infusion of abciximab (abciximab group; n=2017), or full-dose tenecteplase with weight-adjusted unfractionated heparin for 48 h (unfractionated heparin group; n=2038). The primary endpoints were the composites of 30-day mortality, in-hospital reinfarction, or in-hospital refractory ischaemia (efficacy endpoint), and the above endpoint plus in-hospital intracranial haemorrhage or in-hospital major bleeding complications (efficacy plus safety endpoint). Analysis was by intention to treat. FINDINGS: There were significantly fewer efficacy endpoints in the enoxaparin and abciximab groups than in the unfractionated heparin group: 233/2037 (11.4%) versus 315/2038 (15.4%; relative risk 0.74 [95% CI 0.63-0.87], p=0.0002) for enoxaparin, and 223/2017 (11.1%) versus 315/2038 (15.4%; 0.72 [0.61-0.84], p

Published
2001

26. Comparison of Different Options for Transmutation Scenarios Studied in the Frame of the French Law for Waste Management

Author

Coquelet, C., primary, Meyer, M., additional, Girieud, R., additional, Boucher, L., additional, Chabert, C., additional, Delpech, M., additional, Grouiller, J-P., additional, Barbrault, P., additional, Garzenne, C., additional, Greneche, D., additional, Hablot, I., additional, Devezeaux De Lavergne, Jean-Guy, additional, Duquesnoy, T., additional, Caron-Charles, M., additional, Carlier, B., additional, and Lefevre, J-C., additional

Published
2009
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27. Late-onset renal failure in Senior-Loken syndrome.

Author

UCL - MD/MNOP - Département de morphologie normale et pathologique, UCL - MD/NOPS - Département de neurologie et de psychiatrie, Georges, B., Cosyns, Jean-Pierre, Dahan, Karin, Snyers, Bernadette, Carlier, B., Loute, G., Pirson, Yves, UCL - MD/MNOP - Département de morphologie normale et pathologique, UCL - MD/NOPS - Département de neurologie et de psychiatrie, Georges, B., Cosyns, Jean-Pierre, Dahan, Karin, Snyers, Bernadette, Carlier, B., Loute, G., and Pirson, Yves

Abstract

We report on four patients, from three different families, with Senior-Loken syndrome (SLS). They were unusual in that they reached end-stage renal failure (ESRF) only during the fifth or sixth decade. SLS is an autosomal-recessive disorder defined by the association of nephronophthisis and retinal dystrophy. Affected individuals invariably progress to ESRF, usually before the age of 20 years. The diagnosis was based on typical clinical presentation and characteristic renal histology, that is, a picture of chronic interstitial nephritis with pronounced thickening and multilayering of tubular basement membranes. Deterioration of renal function was slow, leading to ESRF between the ages of 42 and 56 years. Retinal dystrophy, already symptomatic during childhood in two patients, led to severe visual impairment in all. In contrast with four cases of SLS recently reported in very young patients, the NPH1 gene (the main gene responsible for nephronophthisis) was not deleted in our two tested patients. We conclude that SLS should be considered in adults who suffer from both chronic interstitial nephropathy and retinal degeneration. Whether the SLS is a variant of nephronophthisis and whether early- and late-onset renal failure in SLS is accounted for by genetic or allelic heterogeneity remain to be determined.

Published
2000

30. La Granulomatose De Wegener

Author

Polus, M., primary, Hamels, J., additional, Dorzee, J., additional, Henkinbrant, A., additional, Carlier, B., additional, and D’Odemont, J.P., additional

Published
1995
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32. Contractile Properties of Various Histaprodifen Derivatives in Guinea Pig Isolated Ileum and Trachea.

Author

Christophe, B., Carlier, B., Schunack, W., Chatelain, P., Peck, M., and Massingham, R.

Subjects
*HISTAMINE, *ILEUM, *TRACHEA, *GUINEA pigs, *ANIMAL models in research
Abstract

We characterized the histamine H1 receptor agonism of various histaprodifen derivatives in guinea pig isolated ileum and trachea in comparison with histamine. Based on their affinity (calculated pKA values for ileum and trachea, respectively), the compounds were ranked as follows: suprahistaprodifen (8.31/8.08) > Nα-(4-phenylbutyl)histaprodifen (7.22/5.93) ≥ histamine (5.79/5.19) ≈ methylhistaprodifen (5.57/6.07). Based on their efficacy (calculated τ values for ileum and trachea, respectively), the compounds were ranked as follows: methylhistaprodifen (37.67/2.50) > histamine (5.64/1.80) > suprahistaprodifen (1.63/1.42) ≥ Nα-(4-phenylbutyl)histaprodifen (0.083/1.54). In the ileum, histamine and methylhistaprodifen showed a high histamine H1 receptor reserve while suprahistaprodifen and Nα-(4-phen-ylbutyl)histaprodifen are devoid of any histamine H1 receptor reserve. On the trachea, no histamine H1 receptor reserve was demonstrable with the four tested agonists. The kinetic of contraction/relaxation of the ileum was faster with histamine and methylhistaprodifen than with suprahistaprodifen and Nα-(4-phenylbutyl)histaprodifen. Histamine contracted the trachea faster than histaprodifen derivatives. Levocetirizine antagonized contractions induced by histamine and histaprodifen derivatives in both tissues. The differences observed in the calculated pA2 (7.60–8.29) and/or pD′2 values (6.28–7.90) depending on the tissue and/or the agonist are discussed. Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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33. Normal values for urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase excretion in preterm and term babies.

Author

LANGHENDRIES, J. P., GILLAIN, N., BATIISTI, O., CARLIER, B., BERTRAND, J. M., and Battisti, O

Abstract

Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion was measured in 14 healthy, preterm, male neonates with gestational ages between 32 and 35 weeks. Daily NAG excretion increased significantly during the first four weeks of life. No correlation was observed between urinary NAG:creatinine ratio and postnatal age regardless of whether measurements were taken from the whole 24 hour urine collection or from an isolated urine spot sample at the same time on each day. When the preterm infants were compared with a group of 20 healthy, full term, male infants at a postnatal age of 7 days the NAG:creatinine ratio was significantly higher in the preterm group, the measurements having been taken from single urine spot samples. We suggest that this variable be used in the evaluation of renal tubular integrity during the neonatal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1987

34. Effect of cimetidine on serum carboxyl and aminoterminal fragments of parathyroid hormone in chronic uraemic patients

Author

Dupont, P., Carlier, B., Marchetti, M., Ducobu, J., and Van der Donckt, C.

Abstract

Abstract. The effect of cimetidine on abnormally elevated serum levels of parathyroid hormone was studied in 21 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure, receiving regular dialysis treatment.The concentrations of carboxyl (-COOH) and aminoterminal (-NH2) fragments of circulating immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were determined before and after 2 months af treatment with cimetidine 400 mg/day.All patients had, on admission, raised levels of either hormonal fragment. The mean pre-treatment value was 17.2 mU/ml for -COOH terminus (upper normal limit 6.5 mU/ml) and 5.7 mU/ml for -NH2terminus (upper normal limit 1.9 mU/ml). At the end of cimetidine treatment the mean values were 19.9 and 5.7 mU/ml respectively for the two forms of circulating iPTH. No changes in total serum calcium, phosphate or alkaline phosphatase activity were recorded during the study.These results do not indicate any lowering effect of cimetidine on serum iPTH in chronic uraemic patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Published
1984
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36. Legionnaires, Disease and Acute-renal-failure

Author

UCL, Carlier, B., Lauwers, S., Cosyns, Jean-Pierre, Wyard, JM., Lebacq, E., UCL, Carlier, B., Lauwers, S., Cosyns, Jean-Pierre, Wyard, JM., and Lebacq, E.

Published
1981

37. Adaptation of a room-and-pillar method to the use of a continuous miner for the cutting-out of pillars.

Author

Carlier B. and Carlier B.

Abstract

Technical progress achieved in the field of full-face shearer loading at a great height has led the Potash Mines of Alsace to abandon the room-and-pillar mining system in order to improve productivity at the face. However, the full-face shearer method of mining is extremely cumbersome, and is not very suitable for parts of the deposit of irregular or diminished shape. The mines have made an effort, therefore, to re-introduce a method of room-and-pillar mining which would be more flexible, by adapting their former system of cutting out the pillars to permit the use of continuous miners. A test, carried out with a continuous miner of low power, has given encouraging results., Technical progress achieved in the field of full-face shearer loading at a great height has led the Potash Mines of Alsace to abandon the room-and-pillar mining system in order to improve productivity at the face. However, the full-face shearer method of mining is extremely cumbersome, and is not very suitable for parts of the deposit of irregular or diminished shape. The mines have made an effort, therefore, to re-introduce a method of room-and-pillar mining which would be more flexible, by adapting their former system of cutting out the pillars to permit the use of continuous miners. A test, carried out with a continuous miner of low power, has given encouraging results.

42. Book Review

Author

Sindic, C., primary, Stevens, W., additional, Knoops, P.h., additional, Bogaert, M., additional, Eyckmans, L., additional, and Carlier, B., additional

Published
1982
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45. Phase-change ultrasound contrast agents for proton range verification: towards an in vivo application.

Author

Carlier B, Heymans S, Collado-Lara G, Musetta L, Ingram M, Toumia Y, Paradossi G, Vos HJ, Roskams T, D'hooge J, Van Den Abeele K, Sterpin E, and Himmelreich U

Abstract

Objective. In proton therapy, range uncertainties prevent to optimally benefit from the superior depth-dose characteristics of proton beams over conventional photon-based radiotherapy. To reduce these uncertainties we recently proposed the use of phase-change ultrasound contrast agents as an affordable and effective range verification tool. In particular, superheated nanodroplets can convert into echogenic microbubbles upon proton irradiation, whereby the resulting ultrasound contrast relates to the proton range with high reproducibility. Here, we provide a first in vivo proof-of-concept of this technology.&#xD;&#xD; Approach. First, the in vitro biocompatibility of radiation-sensitive poly(vinyl) alcohol perfluorobutane nanodroplets was investigated using several colorimetric assays. Then, in vivo ultrasound contrast was characterized using acoustic droplet vaporization and later using proton beam irradiations at varying energies (49.7 MeV and 62 MeV) in healthy Sprague Dawley rats. A preliminary evaluation of the in vivo biocompatibility was performed using acoustic droplet vaporization and a combination of physiology monitoring and histology.&#xD;&#xD; Main results. Nanodroplets were non-toxic over a wide concentration range (< 1 mM). In healthy rats, intravenously injected nanodroplets primarily accumulated in the organs of the reticuloendothelial system, where the lifetime of the generated ultrasound contrast (< 30 min) was compatible with a typical radiotherapy fraction (< 5 min). Spontaneous droplet vaporization did not result in significant background signals. Online ultrasound imaging of the liver of droplet-injected rats demonstrated an energy-dependent proton response, which can be tuned by varying the nanodroplet concentration. However, caution is warranted when deciding on the exact nanodroplet dose regimen as a mild physiological response (drop in cardiac rate, granuloma formation) was observed after acoustic droplet vaporization.&#xD; &#xD; Significance. These findings underline the potential of phase-change ultrasound contrast agents for in vivo proton range verification and provide the next step towards eventual clinical applications.&#xD., (© 2024 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.)

Published
2024
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46. Calcification of surgical aortic bioprostheses and its impact on clinical outcome.

Author

Guimbretière G, Sénage T, Boureau AS, Roos JC, Bernard Q, Carlier B, Veziers J, Cueff C, Piriou N, Coste G, Fellah I, Lelarge C, Capoulade R, Jaafar P, Manigold T, Letocart V, Warin-Fresse K, Guérin P, Costa C, Vadori M, Galinañes M, Manez R, Soulillou JP, Cozzi E, Padler-Karavani V, Serfaty JM, Roussel JC, and Le Tourneau T

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aortic Valve Stenosis surgery, Aortic Valve Stenosis diagnostic imaging, Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation methods, Prognosis, Treatment Outcome, Postoperative Complications diagnostic imaging, Bioprosthesis, Aortic Valve diagnostic imaging, Aortic Valve surgery, Aortic Valve pathology, Calcinosis diagnostic imaging, Calcinosis surgery, Heart Valve Prosthesis, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods
Abstract

Aims: Aortic valve calcification (AVC) of surgical valve bioprostheses (BPs) has been poorly explored. We aimed to evaluate in vivo and ex vivo BP AVCs and its prognosis value., Methods and Results: Between 2011 and 2019, AVC was assessed using in vivo computed tomography (CT) in 361 patients who had undergone surgical valve replacement 6.4 ± 4.3 years earlier. Ex vivo CT scans were performed for 37 explanted BPs. The in vivo CT scans were interpretable for 342 patients (19 patients [5.2%] were excluded). These patients were 77.2 ± 9.1 years old, and 64.3% were male. Mean in vivo AVC was 307 ± 500 Agatston units (AU). The AVC was 562 ± 570 AU for the 183 (53.5%) patients with structural valve degeneration (SVD) and 13 ± 43 AU for those without SVD (P < 0.0001). In vivo and ex vivo AVCs were strongly correlated (r = 0.88, P < 0.0001). An in vivo AVC > 100 AU (n = 147, 43%) had a specificity of 96% for diagnosing Stage 2-3 SVD (area under the curve = 0.92). Patients with AVC > 100 AU had a worse outcome compared with those with AVC ≤ 100 AU (n = 195). In multivariable analysis, AVC was a predictor of overall mortality (hazard ratio [HR] and 95% confidence interval = 1.16 [1.04-1.29]; P = 0.006), cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.22 [1.04-1.43]; P = 0.013), cardiovascular events (HR = 1.28 [1.16-1.41]; P < 0.0001), and re-intervention (HR = 1.15 [1.06-1.25]; P < 0.0001). After adjustment for Stage 2-3 SVD diagnosis, AVC remained a predictor of overall mortality (HR = 1.20 [1.04-1.39]; P = 0.015) and cardiovascular events (HR = 1.25 [1.09-1.43]; P = 0.001)., Conclusion: CT scan is a reliable tool to assess BP leaflet calcification. An AVC > 100 AU is tightly associated with SVD and it is a strong predictor of overall mortality and cardiovascular events., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: T.L.T. and J.-Christ R. received a basic research grant from Abbott-St Jude company dedicated to a mitral valve prolapse project. The other authors have no disclosure., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2024
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47. A Preliminary Investigation of Radiation-Sensitive Ultrasound Contrast Agents for Photon Dosimetry.

Author

Carlier B, Heymans SV, Nooijens S, Collado-Lara G, Toumia Y, Delombaerde L, Paradossi G, D'hooge J, Van Den Abeele K, Sterpin E, and Himmelreich U

Abstract

Radiotherapy treatment plans have become highly conformal, posing additional constraints on the accuracy of treatment delivery. Here, we explore the use of radiation-sensitive ultrasound contrast agents (superheated phase-change nanodroplets) as dosimetric radiation sensors. In a series of experiments, we irradiated perfluorobutane nanodroplets dispersed in gel phantoms at various temperatures and assessed the radiation-induced nanodroplet vaporization events using offline or online ultrasound imaging. At 25 °C and 37 °C, the nanodroplet response was only present at higher photon energies (≥10 MV) and limited to <2 vaporization events per cm 2 per Gy. A strong response (~2000 vaporizations per cm 2 per Gy) was observed at 65 °C, suggesting radiation-induced nucleation of the droplet core at a sufficiently high degree of superheat. These results emphasize the need for alternative nanodroplet formulations, with a more volatile perfluorocarbon core, to enable in vivo photon dosimetry. The current nanodroplet formulation carries potential as an innovative gel dosimeter if an appropriate gel matrix can be found to ensure reproducibility. Eventually, the proposed technology might unlock unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution in image-based dosimetry, thanks to the combination of high-frame-rate ultrasound imaging and the detection of individual vaporization events, thereby addressing some of the burning challenges of new radiotherapy innovations.

Published
2024
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48. Coronary artery assessment on pre transcatheter aortic valve implantation computed tomography may avoid the need for additional coronary angiography.

Author

Lecomte A, Serrand A, Marteau L, Carlier B, Manigold T, Letocart V, Warin Fresse K, Nguyen JM, and Serfaty JM

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Aged, 80 and over, Retrospective Studies, Aged, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Coronary Stenosis diagnostic imaging, Deep Learning, Aortic Valve Stenosis diagnostic imaging, Aortic Valve Stenosis surgery, Preoperative Care methods, Algorithms, Computed Tomography Angiography methods, Coronary Vessels diagnostic imaging, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement methods, Coronary Angiography methods
Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the percentage of coronary angiography that can be securely avoided by the interpretation of coronary arteries on pre transcatheter aortic valve implantation CT (TAVI-CT), using CT images obtained with deep-learning reconstruction and motion correction algorithms., Material and Method: All consecutive patients who underwent TAVI-CT and coronary angiography, from December 2021 to July 2022 were screened for inclusion in the study. Patients who had previous coronary artery revascularization or who did not undergo TAVI were excluded. All TAVI-CT examinations were obtained using deep-learning reconstruction and motion correction algorithms. On TAVI-CT examinations, quality and stenosis of coronary artery were analyzed retrospectively. When insufficient image quality and/or when diagnosis or doubt of one significant coronary artery stenosis, patients were considered as having possible coronary artery stenosis. The results of coronary angiography were used as the standard of reference for significant CAS., Results: A total of 206 patients (92 men; mean age, 80.6 years) were included; of these 27/206 (13%) had significant coronary artery stenosis on coronary angiography and were referred for potential revascularization. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy of TAVI-CT to identify patients requiring coronary artery revascularization was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 87.2-100%), 100% (95% CI: 96.3-100%), 54% (95% CI: 46.6-61.6), 25% (95% CI: 17.0-34.0%) and 60% (95% CI: 53.1-66.9%) respectively. Intra- and inter observer variability was substantial agreement for quality and decision to recommend coronary angiography. Mean reading time was 2 ± 1.2 (standard deviation) min (range: 1-5 min). Overall, TAVI-CT could potentially rule out indication for revascularization for 97 patients (47%)., Conclusion: Analysis of coronary artery on TAVI-CT using deep-learning reconstruction and motion correction algorithms can potentially safely avoid coronary angiography in 47% of patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflicts of interest related to this work to declare., (Copyright © 2023 Société française de radiologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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49. Deep learning for dose assessment in radiotherapy by the super-localization of vaporized nanodroplets in high frame rate ultrasound imaging.

Author

van der Heyden B, Heymans SV, Carlier B, Collado-Lara G, Sterpin E, and D'hooge J

Subjects
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Microbubbles, Phantoms, Imaging, Protons, Ultrasonography, Deep Learning
Abstract

Objective. External beam radiotherapy is aimed to precisely deliver a high radiation dose to malignancies, while optimally sparing surrounding healthy tissues. With the advent of increasingly complex treatment plans, the delivery should preferably be verified by quality assurance methods. Recently, online ultrasound imaging of vaporized radiosensitive nanodroplets was proposed as a promising tool for in vivo dosimetry in radiotherapy. Previously, the detection of sparse vaporization events was achieved by applying differential ultrasound (US) imaging followed by intensity thresholding using subjective parameter tuning, which is sensitive to image artifacts. Approach . A generalized deep learning solution (i.e. BubbleNet) is proposed to localize vaporized nanodroplets on differential US frames, while overcoming the aforementioned limitation. A 5-fold cross-validation was performed on a diversely composed 5747-frame training/validation dataset by manual segmentation. BubbleNet was then applied on a test dataset of 1536 differential US frames to evaluate dosimetric features. The intra-observer variability was determined by scoring the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) on 150 frames segmented twice. Additionally, the BubbleNet generalization capability was tested on an external test dataset of 432 frames acquired by a phased array transducer at a much lower ultrasound frequency and reconstructed with unconventional pixel dimensions with respect to the training dataset. Main results. The median DSC in the 5-fold cross validation was equal to ∼0.88, which was in line with the intra-observer variability (=0.86). Next, BubbleNet was employed to detect vaporizations in differential US frames obtained during the irradiation of phantoms with a 154 MeV proton beam or a 6 MV photon beam. BubbleNet improved the bubble-count statistics by ∼30% compared to the earlier established intensity-weighted thresholding. The proton range was verified with a -0.8 mm accuracy. Significance. BubbleNet is a flexible tool to localize individual vaporized nanodroplets on experimentally acquired US images, which improves the sensitivity compared to former thresholding-weighted methods., (© 2022 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.)

Published
2022
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50. Ultrasound-assisted carbon ion dosimetry and range measurement using injectable polymer-shelled phase-change nanodroplets: in vitro study.

Author

Toumia Y, Pullia M, Domenici F, Facoetti A, Ferrarini M, Heymans SV, Carlier B, Van Den Abeele K, Sterpin E, D'hooge J, D'Agostino E, and Paradossi G

Subjects
Ions, Reproducibility of Results, Ultrasonography, Carbon, Polymers
Abstract

Methods allowing for in situ dosimetry and range verification are essential in radiotherapy to reduce the safety margins required to account for uncertainties introduced in the entire treatment workflow. This study suggests a non-invasive dosimetry concept for carbon ion radiotherapy based on phase-change ultrasound contrast agents. Injectable nanodroplets made of a metastable perfluorobutane (PFB) liquid core, stabilized with a crosslinked poly(vinylalcohol) shell, are vaporized at physiological temperature when exposed to carbon ion radiation (C-ions), converting them into echogenic microbubbles. Nanodroplets, embedded in tissue-mimicking phantoms, are exposed at 37 °C to a 312 MeV/u clinical C-ions beam at different doses between 0.1 and 4 Gy. The evaluation of the contrast enhancement from ultrasound imaging of the phantoms, pre- and post-irradiation, reveals a significant radiation-triggered nanodroplets vaporization occurring at the C-ions Bragg peak with sub-millimeter shift reproducibility and dose dependency. The specific response of the nanodroplets to C-ions is further confirmed by varying the phantom position, the beam range, and by performing spread-out Bragg peak irradiation. The nanodroplets' response to C-ions is influenced by their concentration and is dose rate independent. These early findings show the ground-breaking potential of polymer-shelled PFB nanodroplets to enable in vivo carbon ion dosimetry and range verification., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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