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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore problematic behaviors and their association with the food consumption and nutritional status of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study which enrolled 90 Brazilian children (aged 2–10 years) with ASD. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the ASD Eating Behavior Assessment Scale, and the 24-h recall were used. Age, height, total body weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were accessed to estimate nutritional status (BMI/Age). Consumption of fruits, vegetables, total calories, macro and micronutrients (calcium, iron, zinc, omega 3 and omega 6), and Body Mass Index (BMI) were assessed. The regression models were adjusted for covariates (prevalence ratio – PR, α = 0.05).ResultsAll studied children presented problematic behaviors at mealtimes, with a predominance of food selectivity (57.8%), followed by changes in mealtime skills (34.4%), changes in masticatory motor skills (25.6%), oppositional eating behaviors (20.4%), and rigid eating behaviors (20.0%). Food selectivity was associated with excess body weight (PR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.08–3.51) and absence of vegetable consumption (PR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.46–0.81). Rigid eating behaviors was associated with low consumption of fiber (PR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.15–1.75) and zinc (PR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.33–3.45), and with excessive caloric (PR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02–1.29) and lower calcium intake (PR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.29–0.91).ConclusionSelectivity and rigidity behaviors have different relationships with food consumption and are associated with a higher prevalence of inadequacies, which may lead to nutritional risks for children. Further studies may investigate the influence of problematic behaviors and excess body weight in ASD.

Summary: Background: This study focuses on urban arboviruses, specifically dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika (ZIKV), which pose a significant public health challenge in Rio de Janeiro state, Southeast Brazil. In our research, we highlight critical findings on the transmission dynamics of these arboviruses in Rio de Janeiro, identifying distinct patterns of disease spread. Methods: By combining genomic data with case reports from the Brazilian Ministry of Health, we have analysed the phylogenetics, prevalence and spatial distribution of these endemic viruses within the state. Findings: Our results revealed sustained DENV transmission primarily in the northern part of the state, a significant ZIKV epidemic in 2016 affecting all mesoregions, and two major CHIKV outbreaks in 2018 and 2019, predominantly impacting the northern and southern areas. Our analysis suggests an inverse relationship between arboviral case incidence and urban density, with less populous regions experiencing higher transmission rates, potentially attributed to a complex interplay of factors such as the efficacy of vector control measures, environmental conditions, local immunity levels, and human mobility. Furthermore, our investigation unveiled distinct age and gender trends among affected individuals. Notably, dengue cases were predominantly observed in young adults aged 32, while chikungunya cases were more prevalent among individuals over 41. In contrast, cases of ZIKV were concentrated around the 33-year age group. Intriguingly, females accounted for nearly 60% of the cases, suggesting a potential gender-based difference in infection rates. Interpretation: Our findings underscore the complexity of arbovirus transmission and the need for interventions tailored to different geographical mesoregions. Enhanced surveillance and genomic sequencing will be essential for a deeper, more nuanced understanding of regional arbovirus dynamics. Identifying potential blind spots within the state will be pivotal for developing and implementing more effective public health strategies, specifically designed to address the unique challenges posed by these viruses throughout the state. Funding: This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health USA grant U01 AI151698 for the United World Arbovirus Research Network (UWARN) and the CRP-ICGEB RESEARCH GRANT 2020 Project CRP/BRA20-03.

This study examines the epidemiological and genomic characteristics, along with the transmission dynamics, of SARS-CoV-2 within prison units I and II in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Conducted between May and October 2022, it reveals how the virus spreads in the confined settings of prisons, emphasizing the roles of overcrowded cells, frequent transfers, and limited healthcare access. The research involved 1927 participants (83.93% of the total prison population) and utilized nasopharyngeal swabs and RT-qPCR testing for detection. Contact tracing monitored exposure within cells. Out of 2108 samples, 66 positive cases were identified (3.13%), mostly asymptomatic (77.27%), with the majority aged 21–29 and varying vaccination statuses. Next-generation sequencing generated 28 whole genome sequences, identifying the Omicron variant (subtypes BA.2 and BA.5) with 99% average coverage. Additionally, the study seeks to determine the relationship between immunization levels and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 cases within this enclosed population. The findings underscore the necessity of comprehensive control strategies in prisons, including rigorous screening, isolation protocols, vaccination, epidemiological monitoring, and genomic surveillance to mitigate disease transmission and protect both the incarcerated population and the broader community.

The spread of Chikungunya virus is a major public health concern in the Americas. There were >120,000 cases and 51 deaths in 2023, of which 46 occurred in Paraguay. Using a suite of genomic, phylodynamic, and epidemiologic techniques, we characterized the ongoing large chikungunya epidemic in Paraguay.

O objetivo geral deste artigo é discorrer sobre o jornalismo científico produzido pela Universidade de São Paulo, através do exemplo do Jornal da USP. O intuito é auxiliar na reflexão sobre as características, potencialidades e fragilidades com as quais esse jornalismo é produzido. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com os jornalistas responsáveis pelo veículo, além da observação não participante através das visitas na redação do jornal.

Knowledge about the perception of stakeholders regarding the effectiveness of last-mile bicycle deliveries is essential to promote solutions at a local and national level. However, their use is an incipient solution in the Brazilian context. This paper aims to analyse the potential of performing last-mile bicycle deliveries according to the perspective of Brazilian logistics operators. First, the variables that affect the decision of logistic operators to adopt bicycles were captured using the theory of planned behaviour. Later, the intention of behaviour was measured by estimating an ordered logistic regression. The results showed that environmental awareness, public policies and weather conditions negatively influence the intention of logistics operators to perform last-mile bicycle deliveries in Brazil. However, these variables are more cultural than operational, and could be changed by awareness of the importance of performing last-mile bicycle deliveries to promote sustainable cities. Additionally, the findings could encourage the development of sustainable freight policies from private companies to achieve sustainable future transportation.

ABSTRACT Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare and progressive disease with poor prognosis. Many patients progressively worsen even when using combinations of specific drugs for its treatment. Herein, we present our experience in the management of three children with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension refractory to clinical treatment who underwent Potts surgery in addition to clinical treatment.

Este relato de pesquisa tem por objetivo apresentar uma experiência de elaboração e execução de um curso de Capacitação em Cuidados em Saúde Mental realizado inicialmente no segundo semestre do ano de 2019 e repetido no primeiro semestre do ano de 2020 em uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior no sul do país. O referido curso foi ofertado em quatro encontros somando vinte horas de capacitação mesclando aspectos teóricos e experiências práticas. Sua proposta se efetivou devido ao reconhecimento dos proponentes, ambos psicólogos, de que a equipe do setor onde atuavam carecia de segurança para oferecer uma escuta inicial e encaminhar discentes que se apresentavam alterados emocionalmente. Dessa forma, apresentamos neste artigo a metodologia utilizada para o curso, além de explorarmos os conteúdos nele trabalhados para, finalmente, concluirmos que a capacitação atingiu seus objetivos, a recortar nossa tese de que uma capacitação em saúde mental, quando oferecida a profissionais de áreas diversas à da psicologia e/ou psiquiatria, traz resultados importantes na melhoria da qualidade do atendimento e no desenvolvimento da saúde mental do próprio profissional atendente.

We used nanopore sequencing and phylogenetic analyses to identify a cosmopolitan genotype of dengue virus serotype 2 that was isolated from a 56-year-old male patient from the state of Goiás in Brazil. The emergence of a cosmopolitan genotype in Brazil will require risk assessment and surveillance to reduce epidemic potential.

Since its discovery in early 1916, dengue fever, a common vector-borne illness in Brazil, has resulted in extensive urban outbreaks and poses a serious threat to the public’s health. Understanding the dynamics of Dengue Virus (DENV) serotypes circulating in different regions of Brazil is essential for implementing effective disease control and prevention measures. In response to this urgent need, we conducted an on-site training program in genomic surveillance in collaboration with the Central Laboratory of Health and the Secretary of Health of the Mato Grosso do Sul state. This initiative resulted in the generation of 177 DENV genome sequences collected between May 2021 and May 2022, a period during which over 11,391 dengue fever cases were reported in the state. Through this approach, we were able to identify the co-circulation of two different dengue serotypes (DENV1 and DENV2) as well as the existence of diverse viral lineages within each genotype, suggesting that multiple introduction events of different viral strains occurred in the region. By integrating epidemiological data, our findings unveiled temporal fluctuations in the relative abundance of different serotypes throughout various epidemic seasons, highlighting the complex and changing dynamics of DENV transmission throughout time. These findings demonstrate the value of ongoing surveillance activities in tracking viral transmission patterns, monitoring viral evolution, and informing public health actions.

Genomic surveillance has emerged as a crucial tool in monitoring and understanding the dynamics of viral variants during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the Midwest region of Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul has faced a significant burden from the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, with a total of 613,000 confirmed cases as of June 2023. In collaboration with the Central Public Health Laboratory in the capital city of Campo Grande, we conducted a portable whole-genome sequencing and phylodynamic analysis to investigate the circulation of the Omicron variant in the region. The study aimed to uncover the genomic landscape and provide valuable insights into the prevalence and transmission patterns of this highly transmissible variant. Our findings revealed an increase in the number of cases within the region during 2022, followed by a gradual decline as a result of the successful impact of the vaccination program together with the capacity of this unpredictable and very transmissible variant to quickly affect the proportion of susceptible population. Genomic data indicated multiple introduction events, suggesting that human mobility played a differential role in the variant’s dispersion dynamics throughout the state. These findings emphasize the significance of implementing public health interventions to mitigate further spread and highlight the powerful role of genomic monitoring in promptly tracking and uncovering the circulation of viral strains. Together those results underscore the importance of proactive surveillance, rapid genomic sequencing, and data sharing to facilitate timely public health responses.

Background The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of implementing a handover protocol, based on a standardised mnemonic tool specific for a cardiovascular intensive care unit (ICU), on the quality of information transferred during ICU discharge.Methods In this prospective pre–post study, we evaluated the implementation of an ICU discharge handover protocol in 168 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The primary outcome was the quality of the information. In the preintervention phase, 84 ICU standard discharge reports were evaluated. During the intervention period, a new handover protocol which included a written discharge report based on the I-PASS (illness severity, patient summary, action list, situation awareness and contingency plans, and synthesis by receiver) mnemonic tool was implemented. After the intervention, 84 new reports were assessed. The reports were evaluated by the ward physicians and by an external independent examiner using a standardised questionnaire. ICU discharge time and postoperative length of stay were also analysed.Results The overall quality of the reports was evaluated as ‘completely understood’ by the ward physicians in 17 patients (21%) in the preintervention phase compared with 45 patients (54.9%) in the postintervention phase (p

Wilson da Costa Bueno é jornalista, professor sênior da Universidade de São Paulo e autor da pesquisa Jornalismo científico no Brasil: os compromissos de uma prática dependente, considerada a primeira tese de doutorado do Brasil sobre jornalismo científico.Em entrevista realizada no dia 09 de novembro de 2021, ele falou sobre o conceito, acertos e erros do jornalismo científico praticado nos dias de hoje, principalmente no ambiente digital.

Dengue virus (DENV) has been a major public health concern in Paraguay, with frequent outbreaks occurring since early 1988. Although control measures have been implemented, dengue remains a significant health threat in the country, and continued efforts are required for prevention and control. In response to that, in collaboration with the Central Public Health Laboratory in Asunción, we conducted a portable whole-genome sequencing and phylodynamic analysis to investigate DENV viral strains circulating in Paraguay over the past epidemics. Our genomic surveillance activities revealed the co-circulation of multiple DENV serotypes: DENV-1 genotype V, the emerging DENV-2 genotype III, BR4-L2 clade, and DENV-4 genotype II. Results additionally highlight the possible role of Brazil as a source for the international dispersion of different viral strains to other countries in the Americas emphasizing the need for increased surveillance across the borders, for the early detection and response to outbreaks. This, in turn, emphasizes the critical role of genomic surveillance in monitoring and understanding arbovirus transmission and persistence locally and over long distances.

Dengue fever is among the most significant public health concerns in Brazil. To date, the highest number of Dengue notifications in the Americas has been reported in Brazil, with cases accounting for a total number of 3,418,796 reported cases as of mid-December 2022. Furthermore, the northeastern region of Brazil registered the second-highest incidence of Dengue fever in 2022. Due to the alarming epidemiological scenario, in this study, we used a combination of portable whole-genome sequencing, phylodynamic, and epidemiological analyses to reveal a novel DENV-1 genotype V clade and the persistence of DENV-2 genotype III in the region. We further report the presence of non-synonymous mutations associated with non-structural domains, especially the NS2A (non-structural protein 2A), as well as describe synonymous mutations in envelope and membrane proteins, distributed differently between clades. However, the absence of clinical data at the time of collection and notification, as well as the impossibility of monitoring patients in order to observe worsening or death, restricts our possibility of correlating mutational findings with possible clinical prognoses. Together, these results reinforce the crucial role of genomic surveillance to follow the evolution of circulating DENV strains and understand their spread across the region through inter-regional importation events, likely mediated by human mobility, and also the possible impacts on public health and outbreak management.

In Australia, pneumococcal vaccine is provided free to all adults aged ≥65 years and Indigenous people aged 15–65 years, and is subsidized for non-Indigenous adults

Influenza contributes to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Children are at a higher risk of influenza-related complications and vaccination promotes direct protection and limits transmission. This study aimed to explore influenza vaccination coverage among children in Australian general practice from 2015 to 2018, and patterns in coverage before and after the implementation of state-funded immunization programs. Data from 196,520 ‘active’ patients (3+ consultations in two consecutive years) aged

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as alterações comportamentais de ratos machos e fêmeas adultos, expostos ao material particulado fino e ultrafino (MP≤2,5) suspenso na poluição do ar, durante o desenvolvimento. Ratos Wistar com idade de 7 dias pós-natal, foram expostos à câmara de um concentrador de partículas atmosféricas. Foram realizados os testes de campo aberto e teste de preferência por sacarose para avaliação da presença de comportamentos de ansiedade e depressão. Ratos machos do grupo poluição apresentaram redução da atividade locomotora e do tempo de permanência no centro do campo aberto quando comparados aos machos do grupo controle. O teste de preferência por sacarose evidenciou significância estatística entre os grupos poluição e controle, e entre os machos do grupo poluição e controle. O estudo concluiu que a exposição ao MP≤2,5 causa alterações comportamentais características de depressão e ansiedade, em ratos machos adultos expostos durante o período de desenvolvimento.

José de Moura Leite Neto é jornalista, doutor em Oncologia pela A.C. Camargo Cancer Center e um dos fundadores e atual presidente da Rede Brasileira de Jornalistas e Comunicadores de Ciência. Em entrevista realizada no dia 12 de novembro de 2021, ele falou sobre o papel da RedeComCiência e refletiu sobre o conceito de jornalismo científico, a formação do jornalista especializado em ciências e a produção desse tipo de jornalismo pelas universidades.

Aims. To investigate the epidemiology of diabetes diagnosis and screening in Australian general practice. Methods. Cross-sectional study using electronic health records of 1,522,622 patients aged 18+ years attending 544 Australian general practices (MedicineInsight database). The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes and diabetes screening was explored using all recorded diagnoses, laboratory results, and prescriptions between 2016 and 2018. Their relationship with patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics was also investigated. Results. Overall, 7.5% (95% CI 7.3, 7.8) of adults had diabetes diagnosis, 0.7% (95% CI 0.6, 0.7) prediabetes, and 0.3% (95% CI 0.3, 0.3) unrecorded diabetes/prediabetes (elevated glucose levels without a recorded diagnosis). Patients with unrecorded diabetes/prediabetes had clinical characteristics similar to those with recorded diabetes, except for a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity (55.5% and 69.9%, respectively). Dyslipidaemia was 1.8 times higher (36.2% vs. 19.7%), and hypertension was 15% more likely (38.6% vs. 33.8%) among patients with prediabetes than with diabetes. Diabetes screening (last three years) among people at high risk of diabetes was 55.2% (95% CI 52.7, 57.7), with lower rates among young or elderly males. Conclusions. Unrecorded diabetes/prediabetes is infrequent in Australian general practice, but prediabetes diagnosis was also lower than expected. Diabetes screening among high-risk individuals can be improved, especially in men, to enhance earlier diabetes diagnosis and management.

Considerando que o brincar é um eixo estruturante do trabalho pedagógico na Educação Infantil que se estende aos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, partiu-se do princípio de que é fundamental que os professores assumam uma posição ativa na organização e apoio ao desenvolvimento do brincar das crianças. Contudo, ainda é frágil na formação de professores (inicial e continuada) o reconhecimento e a valorização do brincar e, mais propriamente, das experiências de brincar vividas nas infâncias de professores. Consideramos que narrar as experiências vividas é uma atividade formativa, um instrumento de pesquisa, que coloca os professores no centro do processo e permite que conheçam suas histórias, apropriando-se delas e levando-os a refletir sobre aspectos que afetam a docência. O objetivo do estudo foi evidenciar e compreender aspectos sobre o brincar nas infâncias que afetam a constituição do ser professor. De abordagem qualitativa, essa pesquisa teve inspiração em histórias de vida e contou com a participação de três professoras e duas estudantes do curso de Pedagogia. Utilizou-se de narrativas escritas e orais. Como principais resultados, observou-se que o espaço e tempo para brincar, na infância das professoras, não incluem a escola como um lugar significativo; as professoras têm consciência de que suas experiências de brincar são diferentes das experiências de brincar das crianças com as quais trabalham; há uma multiplicidade de brincadeiras narradas e valorização da imaginação, fantasia e criatividade. As aprendizagens adquiridas por meio das experiências de brincar na infância das professoras corroboram a constituição do ser professor/a.

Obesity treatments, such as calorie restriction (CR), eventually lead to muscle wasting and higher rates of neuroinflammation, whereas hypothalamic inflammatory conditions impair body weight (BW) control. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) has been proposed against obesity but with little evidence on skeletal muscle tissue (SMT) and neuroinflammation. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of CR on SMT and on hypothalamic inflammatory biomarkers in obese adult male Wistar rats, and whether NR supplementation alone or in combination with CR affects these parameters. Obesity was induced in rats through a cafeteria diet for 6 weeks. After that, a group of obese rats was exposed to CR, associated or not associated with NR supplementation (400 mg/kg), for another 4 weeks. As a result, obese rats, with or without CR, presented lower relative weight of SMT when compared with eutrophic rats. Rats under CR presented lower absolute SMT weight compared with obese and eutrophic rats, in addition to presenting elevated hypothalamic levels of TNF-α. NR supplementation, in all groups, enhanced weight loss and increased relative weight of the SMT. Furthermore, in animals under CR, NR reversed increases TNF-α levels in the hypothalamus. In this study, these data, although succinct, are the first to evidence the effects of NR on SMT and neuroinflammation when associated with CR, especially in obesity conditions. Therefore, this provides preliminary support for future studies in this investigative field. Furthermore, NR emerges as a potential adjuvant for preventing muscle mass loss in the weight loss processes.

During these past years, several studies have provided serological evidence regarding the circulation of West Nile virus (WNV) in Brazil. Despite some reports, much is still unknown regarding the genomic diversity and transmission dynamics of this virus in the country. Recently, genomic monitoring activities in horses revealed the circulation of WNV in several Brazilian regions. These findings on the paucity of genomic data reinforce the need for prompt investigation of WNV infection in horses, which may precede human cases of encephalitis in Brazil. Thus, in this study, we retrospectively screened 54 suspicious WNV samples collected between 2017 and 2020 from the spinal cord and brain of horses with encephalitis and generated three new WNV genomes from the Ceará and Bahia states, located in the northeastern region of Brazil. The Bayesian reconstruction revealed that at least two independent introduction events occurred in Brazil. The first introduction event appears to be likely related to the North American outbreak, and was estimated to have occurred in March 2013.The second introduction event appears to have occurred in September 2017 and appears to be likely related to the South American outbreak. Together, our results reinforce the importance of increasing the priority of WNV genomic monitoring in equines with encephalitis in order to track the dispersion of this emerging pathogen through the country.

Introdução: A participação em ensaios de proficiência (EP) é utilizada para avaliar a competência de laboratórios de ensaio e calibração. Objetivo: Avaliar a viabilidade da técnica de liofilização na produção de seis lotes de itens de EP, dois contendo Escherichia coli, dois contendo Bacillus cereus e Staphylococcus aureus concomitantemente, e dois contendo Salmonella Enteritidis em matriz frango desfiado cozido. Método: Foram realizados testes de homogeneidade segundo o protocolo harmonizado e de estabilidade em longo prazo pelo modelo clássico e curto prazo pelo modelo isócrono segundo a ISO Guide 35. Resultados: Todos os lotes produzidos foram considerados suficientemente homogêneos. No estudo de estabilidade em longo prazo, todos os lotes se apresentaram suficientemente estáveis nas temperaturas de -80 ± 10ºC e -20 ± 4ºC, exceto o lote contendo B. cereus e S. aureus. Os outros lotes apresentaram estabilidade por pelo menos 126 dias a -80 ± 10ºC e 84 dias a -20 ± 4ºC. Na avaliação da estabilidade em curto prazo, foram analisados apenas os lotes suficientemente estáveis no estudo em longo prazo. Os lotes foram suficientemente estáveis nas temperaturas de 5 ± 3ºC e 35 ± 2ºC, com exceção do lote contendo Salmonella Enteritidis a 35 ± 2ºC, devido ao decréscimo significativo da concentração celular. Conclusões: A técnica de liofilização foi satisfatória para produção de itens de ensaio contendo E. coli e Salmonella Enteritidis em matriz frango viáveis para utilização em um EP, sendo que o lote contendo Salmonella Enteritidis deve ser transportado aos laboratórios participantes em temperatura ≤ 8ºC por até quatro dias. Lotes contendo S. aureus e B. cereus, simultaneamente, apresentaram estabilidade insuficiente, indicando que a produção de lotes individuais contendo cada bactéria individualmente é necessária.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi divulgar as atividades de um projeto de extensão, chamado UniEscola, desenvolvido em parceria entre a Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brasil, e escolas da periferia da cidade de Santa Maria localizada no Rio Grande do Sul. O projeto traz como meta principal despertar o interesse das meninas, estudantes de escolas públicas pelas áreas de ciências exatas, engenharia e computação potencializando suas vocações científicas, oferecendo-lhes aprendizagens relacionadas à sua vida diária e capacitando-as para o mundo do trabalho e protagonismo social. Diversas atividades foram realizadas durante este período, como por exemplo, cursos, oficinas, palestras, atividades de iniciação científica, visitas. Como principais resultados podem-se se destacar a vivência das participantes no meio acadêmico, desmistificação destas áreas e incentivo a extensão universitária. E por fim o principal resultado foi a busca e aplicação de conhecimentos tanto por parte das alunas das escolas quanto pelas participantes da universidade.

The recommended amount of intake of virgin coconut oil (VCO) for health benefits has not been defined. This study aims to evaluate the effects of partial dietary substitution of lipid source by VCO in the health of Wistar rats. The animals were divided as: G1, 100% of soybean oil; G2, 10.4% of VCO; G3, 50% of VCO; and G4, 95% of VCO. Weight and body measurements were not affected by substitution, as well as morphometry of adipocytes, food intake and hepatic expression of PPAR-α and CPT-1 genes. VCO consumption affected the serum lipid profile in a dose-dependent way, just like the tissue incorporation of saturated fatty acids, the inflammation in adipose tissue, and the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. Since, it was not possible to establish the best dose of VCO to be consumed, the current recommendations for the consumption of satured fatty acids should be followed.

The present study aimed to determine whether isoflurane interferes with the analgesic effects of acupuncture (Ac) and electroacupuncture (EA), using a neuropathic pain (NP) rat model. In total, 140 male Wistar rats were used; isoflurane-induced nociceptive response was evaluated using the von Frey test, serum calcium-binding protein β (S100β) levels and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in the left sciatic nerve. The NP model was induced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve at 14 days after surgery. Treatment was initiated after NP induction with or without isoflurane anesthesia (20 min/day/8 days). The von Frey test was performed at baseline, 14 days postoperatively, and immediately, 24 h, and 48 h after the last treatment. Results of the nociceptive test and three-way analysis of variance were analyzed by generalized estimating equations, the Bonferroni test, followed by Student–Newman–Keuls or Fisher's least significant difference tests for comparing biochemical parameters (significance defined as p ≤ 0.05). At baseline, no difference was noted in the nociceptive response threshold among all groups. Fourteen days after surgery, compared with other groups, NP groups showed a decreased pain threshold, confirming establishment of NP. Ac and EA enhanced the mechanical pain threshold immediately after the last session in the NP groups, without anesthesia. Isoflurane administration caused increased nociceptive threshold in all groups, and this effect persisted for 48 h after the last treatment. There was an interaction between the independent variables: pain, treatments, and anesthesia in serum S100β levels and NGF levels in the left sciatic nerve. Isoflurane enhanced the analgesic effects of Ac and EA and altered serum S100β and left sciatic nerve NGF levels in rats with NP. Keywords: acupuncture, electroacupuncture, isoflurane, neuropathic pain

A Doença de Parkinson (DP) é caracterizada pela degeneração progressiva de neurônios dopaminérgicos da substância negra, resultando em desordens não motoras e motoras que estão relacionadas com o aparecimento de tremor de repouso, bradicinesia, rigidez articular, instabilidade postural, alterações no padrão da marcha, declínio do equilíbrio. A Fisioterapia em Grupo no formato de Circuit Training (FGCT) é um modelo terapêutico baseado em estações de trabalho dispostos num formato de circuito dirigido que reproduzem atividades físicas. O objetivo foi avaliar a velocidade de marcha rápida, de indivíduos com DP submetidos a sessões de FGTC. Participaram deste estudo 13 pessoas com DP. A avaliação inicial (AV1) foi realizada utilizando o Time up and go (TUG) p e o Teste de velocidade de marcha de 10 metros (TV10M). No TUG, a velocidade de execução média foi de 0,68 ± 0,19 m/s na AV1 e 0,66 ± 0,14 m/s AV2 e no TV10M de 1,36 ± 0,26 m/s na AV1 enquanto na AV2 foi 1,45 ± 0,32 m/s, sem diferença significante entre os dois momentos de medida. Os parkinsonianos não apresentaram melhoras funcionais talvez porque a terapia não teve exercícios com enfoque na velocidade da marcha e o tempo de terapêutica pode não ter sido suficiente para ocorrer mudanças nesse aspecto. Porém sabe-se que a reabilitação em grupo contribui na melhora do estado de saúde global do paciente, permitindo maior socialização entre os indivíduos. Pode-se conclui que protocolo terapêutico utilizado não foi suficientemente para alterar a velocidade da marcha dos pacientes.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o comportamento cardiovascular, a mobilidade funcional e marcha de um individuo hemiparético crônico submetido a um protocolo de treinamento aeróbio em esteira ergométrica sem suporte de peso corporal. Estudo de caso com um indivíduo hemiparético crônico, avaliado por meio do Timed up and go (TUG), Teste de Velocidade de Caminhada de 10 m (TV10M) e Teste de Esforço (TES). Foi submetido a um protocolo de treinamento em esteira ergométrica de 30 min divididos em 3 blocos de 10 min cada, com intervalos de descanso, em uma velocidade de 60% daquela obtida no TES. Não foi observado alteração no comportamento da frequência cardíaca e da pressão arterial ao longo do tratamento, todavia observou-se melhora no TUG (AV1 = 12,53 seg; AV2 = 9,39 seg) e do TV10M (AV1 = 9,00 seg; AV2 = 7,03 seg). Os resultados demonstraram que o protocolo utilizado não o foi suficiente para alterar a condição cardiovascular de um individuo hemiparético crônico submetido a protocolo de treinamento aeróbio em esteira ergométrica sem suporte de peso corporal, todavia melhorou a condição motora funcional.

A reabilitação após um acidente vascular encefálico é melhorar o desempenho funcional de hemiparéticos. A Fisioterapia em Grupo no formato de Circuit Training (FGCT) utiliza exercícios funcionais específicos com foco na repetição e na progressão contínua de exercícios em um número de estações de trabalho organizadas em um formato de circuito, para melhorar a capacidade funcional. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o equilíbrio funcional de hemiparéticos submetidos a doze semanas de tratamento na FGCT. Os hemiparéticos foram avaliados através da Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (EEB) em uma avaliação inicial (AV1) e outra avaliação final (AV2) após doze semanas de FGCT. Os resultados mostraram que houve uma melhora significativa no equilíbrio dos pacientes que realizaram a FGCT. Concluímos que na FGCT os paciente que realizaram a FGCT tiveram melhora no seu equilíbrio.

O objetivo desse estudo foi desenvolver itens de ensaio (IE) liofilizados contendo Salmonella spp., em matriz chocolate, para utilização em ensaio de proficiência (EP). Foi realizada a análise microbiológica de uma amostra de chocolate granulado para verificar se estava livre do micro-organismo alvo. Para monitoramento da qualidade dos IE, realizou-se estudos de homogeneidade e estabilidade em longo e curto prazo, bem como verificou-se a presença de vácuo nas amostras garantindo a eficiência do processo de liofilização. A análise microbiológica do chocolate indicou ausência de contaminação por Salmonella spp., estando apto para ser utilizado como matriz. A técnica de liofilização, com uso de trealose como crioprotetor, se mostrou eficaz para dessecação dos IE produzidos. O lote produzido se apresentou suficientemente homogêneo, pois o micro-organismo estava presente em todos os frascos analisados. O lote se apresentou estável à temperatura de -20ºC (em cinco semanas) e -70ºC (em 26 semanas); na estabilidade de transporte, foi considerado estável a 4ºC (em quatro dias). O lote de IE produzido nesse estudo apresentou qualidade que o torna apto para uso em EP, o que visou contribuir para o aumento da confiabilidade dos resultados das análises dos laboratórios e propiciar subsídios para a identificação e solução de problemas. ================================================ The aim of this study was to develop lyophilized test items (TI) containing Salmonella spp., in chocolate matrix to be used in proficiency testing programs (PTP). Microbial analysis was conducted on samples of granulated chocolate to verify that the sample was free of the target microorganisms. Homogeneity and stability studies in long and short term were carried out to monitor TI quality; the presence of vacuum in the samples was also verified, to ensure the efficiency of the lyophilization process. The results of the microbial testing indicated no contamination by Salmonella spp.; thus, the sample was appropriate to be used as matrix. The lyophilization technique, using trehalose as cryoprotectant, has proven to be effective for desiccation of TI produced. The Salmonella batch proved to be sufficiently homogeneous, because the microorganism was present in all analyzed flasks. The batch was held stable at -20°C (five weeks) and -70°C (26 weeks). As for the transportation stability, the batch was considered stable at 4°C (in four days). The TI produced batch in this study showed a quality level that makes it suitable to be used in PTP, to contribute to the increasing reliability of the test results from laboratories and to provide subsidies for identification of problems and troubleshooting.

As malformações cardíacas afetam entre 40 e 50% dos casos com Síndrome de Down (SD) enquanto sua prevalência no recém-nascido sem SD varia de 40 a 60%. Existe uma incidência de cardiopatias congênitas (CC) significativamente superior nas mulheres com SD. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o desenvolvimento motor de bebês com SD de zero a quatro meses de idade que apresentavam ou não CC. Participaram 26 crianças com SD, com idade média de 3,84 ± 3,28 meses, frequentadoras de um centro de atendimento de fisioterapia e reabilitação da UNESP. Foi utilizado como instrumento o Inventário Portage Operacionalizado (IPO) e a anamnese realizada com os pais e posteriormente uma análise descritiva dos dados utilizando média, desvio padrão e porcentagem. Concluiu-se que o fator de risco cardiopatia não foi determinante para o atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor.

Abstract Objective: to evaluate if the prevalence of healthy food consumption indicators among elderly persons with the self-reported diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and/or systemic arterial hypertension (DM and/or SAH) improved after diagnosis of these diseases, and to compare if the prevalence of such indicators was more frequent among elderly persons with DM and/or SAH than in elderly persons without these diseases. Method: a longitudinal study of 1,197 elderly persons aged 60-104 years, living in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, was performed, considering as an outcome the self-reported diagnosis of diabetes and/or hypertension. Healthy consumption indicators (exposures) were considered the maintenance and/or acquisition of the intake of fruit and vegetables ≥3 and ≥2 times/day, respectively, the consumption of fatty meat

O texto possui como proposta trazer a experiência de duas professoras negras da educação básica que possuem como lócus de sua docência a Baixada Fluminense e que através de suas práticas disputam os significados hegemonicamente atribuídos as mulheres negras e brancas. Além de narrar estratégias metodológicas, queremos formar um diálogo com intelectuais que nos ajudem a repensar e refinar nossa prática docente de forma crítica, assim torna-se indispensável à leitura de feministas negras que nos ajudam a nos localizar quanto à organização do mundo a partir do racismo e do machismo estrutural, além de nos fornecer a visão de que a educação, quando problematizadora, pode ser uma prática libertadora. A partir desta idéia torna-se importante o diálogo, também, com Paulo Freire e sua visão da educação enquanto uma ferramenta potente para transformar as pessoas e assim o mundo. As experiências aqui narradas aconteceram em duas escolas públicas, localizadas em São João de Meriti, no primeiro semestre de 2018; em uma turma de educação infantil e a outra de ensino médio. As experiências práticas procuram realizar um exercício crítico do espaço escolar onde seja possível a convivência com a diferença, permitindo que as alunas e alunos possam ter acesso a outras visões de mundo, oportunizando, desta forma, o acesso a outras histórias onde as mulheres negras e brancas sejam protagonistas e sejam reconhecidas, também, como construtores do país em que vivemos. Palavras-chave: Educação. Feminismo. Feminismo Negro. Práticas Pedagógicas.

The objective was to get to know adverse events and care practices for the purpose of patient safety at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Systematic review using the following descriptors: Patient Safety; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Adverse events. Study developed between September 2015and February 2016. Eighty-four articles were found in three databases between 2006 and 2015. After applying the screening and eligibility criteria, nine articles were selected. The analysis of the articles revealed that adverse events take place at the Neonatal Intensive Care Units, which are attributed to different factors. The actions mentioned to prevent the adverse events were continuing education, training and an increasing number of professionals, support from management, knowledge strengthening and team commitment. In conclusion, the most noteworthy adverse events were related to medication, respiratory infections and non-programmed extubations. The main factors contributing to error were excessive workloads, lack of professionals and resources and an unfavorable work environment.

The evaluation of nutritional status in hospitalized children plays a critical role in the early identification of nutritional risk. Thus, it is of great importance to identify variables that have an impact on nutritional status and acceptance of food in the hospital environment. The objective of this work to evaluate the nutritional status of hospitalized children, the variables that influence the nutritional diagnosis and food intake during hospitalization. Nutritional status was evaluated by measurement of weight, length / height, body mass index and anthropometric indices. The biochemical evaluation was performed based on the information available in the medical record. Socioeconomic, dietary and breastfeeding data and, evaluation of the acceptance of meals offered were obtained through a questionnaire to the responsable for the children. The study included 208 children, predominantly male (61.5%) and median age of 21.5 (6-59) months. In relation to nutritional status, 80% of children were classified eutrophic, 10% were thinness and 10% overweight. Children with low weight had more cases of lymphocytopenia (p = 0.038) and were also those who had shorter time of exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.015). Children with elevated concentrations of PCR and leukocytes showed low acceptance of the offered diet (p = 0.034 and p = 0.040, respectively). Factors associated with low weight and lower acceptance of meals by children were identified. Particular attention should be given to children with altered inflammatory status and shorter time of exclusive breastfeeding.

Epilepsy is a chronic brain syndrome characterized by recurrent seizures resulting from excessive neuronal discharges. Despite the development of various new antiepileptic drugs, many patients are refractory to treatment and report side effects. Non-invasive methods of brain stimulation, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have been tested as alternative approaches to directly modulate the excitability of epileptogenic neural circuits. Although some pilot and initial clinical studies have shown positive results, there is still uncertainty regarding the next steps of investigation in this field. Therefore, we reviewed preclinical and clinical studies using the following framework: (1) preclinical studies that have been successfully translated to clinical studies, (2) preclinical studies that have failed to be translated to clinical studies, and (3) clinical findings that were not previously tested in preclinical studies. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and SciELO (2002–2017) using the keywords “tDCS,” “epilepsy,” “clinical trials,” and “animal models.” Our initial search resulted in 64 articles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, we screened 17 full-text articles to extract findings about the efficacy of tDCS, with respect to the therapeutic framework used and the resulting reduction in seizures and epileptiform patterns. We found that few preclinical findings have been translated into clinical research (number of sessions and effects on seizure frequency) and that most findings have not been tested clinically (effects of tDCS on status epilepticus and absence epilepsy, neuroprotective effects in the hippocampus, and combined use with specific medications). Finally, considering that clinical studies on tDCS have been conducted for several epileptic syndromes, most were not previously tested in preclinical studies (Rasmussen's encephalitis, drug resistant epilepsy, and hippocampal sclerosis-induced epilepsy). Overall, most studies report positive findings. However, it is important to underscore that a successful preclinical study may not indicate success in a clinical study, considering the differences highlighted herein. Although most studies report significant findings, there are still important insights from preclinical work that must be tested clinically. Understanding these factors may improve the evidence for the potential use of this technique as a clinical tool in the treatment of epilepsy.

It is known that the dietary pattern and macronutrients profile may influence the expression and secretion of inflammatory biomarkers, and the low-grade inflammation is associated with the manifestation of noncommunicable chronic diseases. Therefore, this review aimed to present and discuss the role of dietary patterns and macronutrients on the variation of inflammatory markers related to NCD risk. Scientific evidences within the last five years based on clinical trials, case-controls, cohorts, and cross-sectional studies indicate that normocaloric, carbohydrate-moderated, low-glycemic index, protein-moderated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich, omega-3, and low-saturated fat diets display positive effects on the inflammatory state, both in healthy individuals and in those with cardiovascular risk, although the second group seems to benefit more from changes in the dietary profile.

A participação de laboratórios analíticos em ensaio de proficiência permite a verificação da confiabilidade dos resultados gerados nas análises de controle da qualidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi produzir um lote de itens de ensaio (IE) a ser utilizado em ensaio de proficiência (EP) para pesquisa de Salmonella spp. em matriz queijo. Queijo Minas Frescal (QMF) Ultrafiltrado foi utilizado como matriz e fortificado com uma cepa de Salmonella Enteritidis. A trealose foi utilizada como crioprotetor e a liofilização como técnica de preservação. O lote foi avaliado quanto a verificação do vácuo, teste da homogeneidade, estudo da estabilidade em longo prazo nas temperaturas de -70oC (referência) e -20oC (armazenamento) e em curto prazo nas temperaturas de 4, 25 e 35ºC (transporte). O lote apresentou presença de vácuo em 95,6% dos frascos e foi considerado suficientemente homogêneo. Os IE apresentaram estabilidade a -70ºC superior a 360 dias e a -20ºC superior a 160 dias. Os IE demonstraram ser estáveis por até seis dias nas temperaturas de 4 e 25ºC, mas não a 35ºC. Conclui-se que a metodologia utilizada foi satisfatória para produção de IE para o ensaio de pesquisa de Salmonella spp. em matriz queijo. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The participation of analytical laboratories in proficiency testing allows the verification of the reliability of results in analysis of quality control. The aim of this study was to produce a batch of test items (TI) to be used in a proficiency assay for Salmonella spp. research in a cheese matrix. Ultrafiltered Minas cheese was used as the matrix and spiked with a strain of Salmonella Enteritidis. Trehalose was used as cryoprotectant, and freeze-drying was used as the preservation technique. The batch was evaluated for vacuum verification, homogeneity study, and long-term stability testing at temperatures of -70ºC (reference temperature) and -20ºC (storage temperature). The batch was also evaluated for short-term stability at temperatures of 4ºC, 25ºC, and 35ºC (transport temperatures). The results showed vacuum in 95.6% of the bottles, and the batch was considered sufficiently homogeneous. TI remained stable at -70ºC for more than 360 days and at -20ºC for more than 160 days. TI was shown to be stable for up 6 days at 4ºC and 25ºC but not at 35ºC. It is concluded that the methodology used was satisfactory for this TI production for Salmonella spp. research in a cheese matrix.

OBJECTIVE To analyze if differences according to gender exists in the association between tooth loss and obesity among older adults.METHODS We analyzed data on 1,704 older adults (60 years and over) from the baseline of a prospective cohort study conducted in Florianopolis, SC, Southern Brazil. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between tooth loss and general and central obesity after adjustment for confounders (age, gender, skin color, educational attainment, income, smoking, physical activity, use of dentures, hypertension, and diabetes). Linear regressions were also assessed with body mass index and waist circumference as continuous outcomes. Interaction between gender and tooth loss was further assessed.RESULTS Overall mean body mass index was 28.0 kg/m2. Mean waist circumference was 96.8 cm for males and 92.6 cm for females. Increasing tooth loss was positively associated with increased body mass index and waist circumference after adjustment for confounders. Edentates had 1.4 (95%CI 1.1;1.9) times higher odds of being centrally obese than individuals with a higher number of teeth; however, the association lost significance after adjustment for confounders. In comparison with edentate males, edentate females presented a twofold higher adjusted prevalence of general and central obesity. In the joint effects model, edentate females had a 3.8 (95%CI 2.2;6.6) times higher odds to be centrally obese in comparison with males with more than 10 teeth present in both the arches. Similarly, females with less than 10 teeth in at least one arch had a 2.7 (95%CI 1.6;4.4) times higher odds ratio of having central obesity in comparison with males with more than 10 teeth present in both the arches.CONCLUSIONS Central obesity was more prevalent than general obesity among the older adults. We did not observe any association between general obesity and tooth loss. The association between central obesity and tooth loss depends on gender – females with tooth loss had greater probability of being obese.

Introduction: Important changes in human dietary pattern occurred in recent decades. Increased intake of processed foods leads to obesity, which is related with the development of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, as well as cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. The prevalence of hypertension has also dramatically increased in recent years, and high sodium intake contributes to this scenario. In healthy individuals, kidneys are the primary end-organs that regulate sodium homeostasis. This study aims to evaluate renal function parameters and systolic blood pressure measurements in an animal model of obesity. Methods: Sixty-day-old male Wistar rats (n=30) were divided into two groups: standard (SD) and cafeteria diet (CD). Cafeteria diet was altered daily and was composed by crackers, wafers, sausages, chips, condensed milk, and soda. All animals had free access to water and chow and the experiment was carried out for 6 weeks. Weight gain, sodium and liquid intake control, systolic blood pressure measurements, and renal function parameters were evaluated. Results: Animals exposed to cafeteria diet had an increase of 18% in weight compared to the control group. Sodium intake was increased by cafeteria diet and time (F(1,28)= 773.666, P=0.001 and F(5,28)= 2.859, P=0.02, respectively) and by the interaction of both factors (F(6,28)= 2.859, P=0.02). On liquid intake occurred only effect of cafeteria diet and time (F(1,28)= 147.04, P=0.001 and F(5,28)=3.996, P=0.003, respectively). Cafeteria diet exposure also induced an increase on creatinine serum levels (P=0.002), however this effect was not observed on creatinine urine levels (P>0.05) nor on systolic pressure measurements (Students’ t test, P>0.05). Conclusions: Obesity induced by cafeteria diet exposure increases liquid intake and alters creatinine serum levels, an important renal function marker. Considering the high consumption of hypercaloric food currently in the world, further studies are required to elucidate the modifications on renal function triggered by this diet over time. Key-words: Hypertension; kidney; renal function; obesity; hypercaloric diet

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the sample plan, operational aspects, and strategies used in the 2009/2010 and 2013/2014 EpiFloripa Aging Study. METHODS The EpiFloripa Aging is a population-based longitudinal study with 1,705 older adults (60 years or more) living in the municipality of Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in 2009/2010 (baseline). The research was conducted with a face-to-face interviews, organized into blocks of identification, socioeconomic, mental health, health and life habits, global functionality, falls, physical activity, morbidities, use of health services, use of medications, food, oral health, and violence, evaluated in the first (2009/2010) and in the second wave (2013/2014). Additionally, in the second wave, we investigated the issue of discrimination and quality of life. RESULTS The response rate of the first wave was 89.2% (n = 1,705). The baseline sample, with predominance of women (63.9%), was similar to the 2010 Census regarding age for women and slightly different for younger men. In the second wave, 1,197 participants were interviewed (response rate of 70.3%). Follow-up losses were only observed for the variable age group (p = 0.003), and predominantly for those aged 80 years or more. Mortality data linkage and active search for participants were used as a follow-up strategies. CONCLUSIONS This study used strategies that were able to help locate the participants and maintain adherence, which ensured a good response rate during investigations.

Introduction: The transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive technique, which induces neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system of animals and humans. Furthermore, tDCS has been suggested as a therapeutic tool for pain management. The aim of this study was to standardize a non-invasive tDCS technique indexed by the nociceptive response of rats submitted to different conditions necessary to the tDCS application. Method: 60-day-old male Wistar rats (n=65), divided into 6 groups: control(C); non-active sham (NAS); active-sham (AS); active-sham restrained (ASR); non-active sham restrained (NASR); active tDCS treatment. Animals received treatment during 30 seconds (sham-active) or 20 minutes (restraint and tDCS)/8 days. Nociceptive threshold was assessed by Hot Plate test at baseline, immediately and 24h after the first session, immediately and 24h after the last session. Variance analysis of repeated measurements followed by Bonferroni was performed for intra-group comparison. Results: Physical restraint and 30 seconds stimulation (sham-tDCS) increased pain sensitivity (P≤0.05), and tDCS treatment was able to prevent the thermal hyperalgesia. Our original tDCS montage is similar to that used in the procedure with humans, because it is not an invasive technique. The electrodes are positioned on the head, and the animals are immobilized during the 20-minute treatment. As this procedure could involve behavior and neurochemical alterations due to stress induced by restriction (thus, it creates a research bias), we hypothesized that a 30-second electrical stimulus application (sham-tDCS) and the physical restriction used during tDCS treatment might alter nociceptive response in rats. Conclusion: There are methodological limitations in the present tDCS-technique. Although active-tDCS treatment is able to prevent these harmful effects, interference of these factors has to be considered during the results’ analysis. Future adaptations of the tDCS-technique in rats are required to evaluate its therapeutic effects. Keywords: tDCS; animal model; nociception; thermal hyperalgesia; stress restraint

Intervenções durante a adolescência são importantes para modificar a exposição a condutas alimentares de risco que contribuem para o desenvolvimento precoce da obesidade e de outras doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, como o excessivo consumo de alimentos de alta densidade energética e baixa quantidade de micronutrientes. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção de base escolar nas práticas alimentares de estudantes do ensino médio noturno. Intervenção randomizada e controlada, realizada em 2006, em duas capitais brasileiras (Florianópolis e Recife). A intervenção envolveu estratégias múltiplas para melhorar a alimentação e promover a atividade física. A frequência de consumo semanal de frutas, hortaliças, laticínios, salgadinhos, doces e refrigerantes, a frequência de consumo diário de frutas e hortaliças e os estágios de mudança de comportamento para consumo de frutas e hortaliças foram investigados mediante aplicação de questionários. Foram incluídos 2155 estudantes (idade média ± DP = 18,4 anos ± 2,4) na linha de base, dos quais 989 completaram o estudo. Após a intervenção houve maior frequência de consumo de verduras (p=0,008) e menor frequência de consumo de doces (p=0,032) e refrigerantes (p=0,003) no grupo intervenção, comparado ao controle. A mudança nos estágios de comportamento foi também favorável ao grupo intervenção (p=0,016). As análises de regressão mostraram efeitos positivos no atendimento às recomendações de consumo de verduras (RO = 1,54 IC95%: 1,19-1,97) e mudanças favoráveis na diminuição do consumo de doces (RO = 1,21 IC95%: 1,02-1,43) no grupo intervenção, comparado ao controle. Foram verificados efeitos positivos nas práticas alimentares dos estudantes como resultado do Projeto Saúde na Boa.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a formação de biofilme e o perfil de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa isoladas na avaliação da qualidade microbiológica de 80 amostras de águas minerais naturais comercializadas em garrafões de 20 L. Foi realizada a quantificação de P. aeruginosa e enterococos; a pesquisa de coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes e de clostrídios sulfito redutores (CSR). A produção de biofilme de P. aeruginosa foi avaliada em caldo infusão cérebro-coração (BHI) e em água mineral natural estéril nas temperaturas de 25 e 35ºC por 24 e 48 h. A avaliação da susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos foi realizada pelo teste de difusão em ágar (Kirby-Bauer). De 80 amostras analisadas, 40 (50%) apresentaram qualidade microbiológica insatisfatória segundo a RDC nº275/05. Trinta e oito (47,5%) amostras apresentaram P. aeruginosa, nove (11,2%) coliformes totais, quatro (5,0%) CSR e uma (1,2%) coliformes termotolerantes. Nenhuma amostra apresentou contaminação por enterococos. Dezesseis cepas (51,6%) de P. aeruginosa foram classificadas como não aderentes ou fracamente aderentes, tanto no BHI quanto na água mineral. Contudo, cinco cepas (16,1%) apresentaram-se fortemente aderentes nas duas matrizes, principalmente no caldo BHI e na temperatura de 25ºC. Cepas resistentes ou com resistência intermediária a antibióticos da classe dos aminoglicosídeos e/ou β-lactâmicos foram isoladas neste estudo. Concluiu-se que os isolados de P. aeruginosa foram capazes de produzir biofilme nas matrizes estudadas e apresentaram resistência a antimicrobianos. Metade das amostras apresentou qualidade microbiológica insatisfatória, principalmente devido à contaminação por P. aeruginosa (47,5%).

Introdução: O comprometimento da cognição e memória (CM) é comum em indivíduos com Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) em hemodiálise, o que prejudica a aderência ao tratamento. Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade cognitiva de indivíduos renais crônicos em hemodiálise por meio do Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e a relação com as características sociodemográficas e clínicas desses indivíduos. Métodos: Foram obtidas informações clínicas e sociodemográficas de 75 indivíduos. Para avaliação da MC, foi aplicado o MEEM, o qual foi analisado segundo os diversos pontos de corte propostos na literatura. Após classificar os participantes de acordo com as diferentes propostas e pelas causas da DRC, os indivíduos foram alocados em grupos com e sem comprometimento da CM, na tentativa de identificar diferenças entre eles. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes eram homens, com idade média de 59,2 anos. O escore médio do MEEM foi 24,16 pontos e não houve diferença (p < 0,05) quanto às diferentes causas da DRC. Os escores do MEEM se correlacionaram (p < 0,05) positivamente com os anos de escolaridade e renda per capita e inversamente com a idade. Segundo os diversos pontos de corte, seis a 34 participantes apresentaram comprometimento da CM e apenas três desses foram classificados com déficit de CM por todas as propostas avaliadas. Conclusão: O escore do MEEM reduziu com o aumento da idade e se elevou com os anos de estudo e com a renda per capita. Não foram encontradas relações que justificassem efeitos prejudiciais do processo dialítico sobre a CM.

A participação em ensaios de proficiência é essencial para que um laboratório de ensaio possa ter seu desempenho avaliado por meio de uma comparação interlaboratorial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir um material de referência (MR) quantitativo para EP contendo Bacillus cereus em leite em pó. Uma solução estéril de leite desnatado a 10% contendo 100 mM de sacarose foi contaminada com uma cepa de B. cereus em uma concentração previamente determinada. A matriz foi homogeneizada, distribuída em frascos e liofilizada. O lote produzido foi considerado suficientemente homogêneo atribuindo-se um desvio-padrão alvo de 0,25 log10 UFC/mL. O MR apresentou-se estável a ≤ -70 ºC e (-20 ± 4) ºC durante 1.058 e 60 dias, respectivamente. Na avaliação da influência de diferentes temperaturas para o transporte deste material, o MR se apresentou estável a 4 ºC, 25 ºC e 35 ºC durante o período de quatro dias de estudo. Conclui-se que o lote produzido apresentou todos os requisitos necessários para ser utilizado como itens de EP. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- The participation in proficiency testing (PT) is essential for testing laboratories to prove their technical competence. The aim of this study was to produce a quantitative reference material (RM) for PT containing Bacillus cereus in milk powder. A sterile solution of 10% skim milk containing 100 mM sucrose was contaminated with a B. cereus strain in a specific concentration. The homogenized matrix was distributed into vials and freeze- -drying. The batch produced was considered sufficiently homogeneous assigning a target standard deviation of 0.25. The RM was stable at ≤ -70 ºC and (-20 ± 4) ºC for 1,058 and 60 days, respectively. In the evaluation of temperatures for the transport of material, the RM was stable at 4, 25 and 35 ºC during four days. It is concluded that the batch produced had all the necessary requirements to be used as items of PT.

The development of an instructional design by using ‘atelier’ Schön method is reported on Physical Education and Social Inclusion subject. A visually impaired group of students from a College in the North Zone of Rio de Janeiro was taken to Campo dos Afonsos in order to study a Bandeirante aircraft. The activity was divided into two phases: the first one, inside the auditorium, students and their companions were told about the Brazilian aviation history and the sustainability of an aircraft; and the second, in a hangar, where the students could grope a Bandeirante airplane and occupy the aircraft control cabin. It is concluded that by offering a real interaction opportunity to licensing students, even if not in a formal teaching situation, was good for their training.

Background: Population aging has evolved gradually. Polypharmacy to control disease associated with age-related physiological changes increases the risk of adverse drug reactions, including drug interactions among the elderly population. Objective: This study was intended to assess the medications used by the elderly population, aiming at identifying the potentially inappropriate medications according to the Beers Criteria. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on medical records to assess the use of medications by elderly patients admitted to the Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição in 2011. The variables included gender, age, reasons for admission, comorbidities, and medications used by the elderly patients. Results: In total, we reviewed 440 medical records. Patients were predominantly male (51.6%). The total number of medications used was 5904, with an average of 13.4 per person. The three most commonly used drugs were dipyrone, omeprazole, and metoclopramide. The most frequently used drugs according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC) system were those of the alimentary tract and metabolism, nervous system, and cardiovascular system. Of the 255 types of drugs used, 42 (16.4%) were included in the Beers list, and the three most often used were metoclopramide, ketoprofen, and aspirin. Conclusion: The number of medications used per patient was substantial, and potentially inappropriate medications according to the Beers Criteria were significant as well.