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OBJETIVOS: Identificar e analisar as causas da mortalidade materna, segundo os níveis de complexidade hospitalar. MÉTODOS: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e de corte transversal das mortes maternas hospitalares ocorridas no Paraná, Brasil, nos triênios de 2005 - 2007 e 2008 - 2010. Foram utilizados dados dos estudos de casos de óbitos maternos, que foram elaborados pelo Comitê Estadual de Prevenção da Mortalidade Materna. As variáveis estudadas foram o local e as causas dos óbitos, a transferência hospitalar e a evitabilidade. Foram calculadas a razão de mortalidade materna, a proporção e a taxa de letalidade hospitalar, segundo os subgrupos hospitais de referência para gestações de alto e baixo risco. RESULTADOS: A razão de mortalidade materna, incluindo os óbitos maternos tardios, foi 65,9/100.000 nascidos vivos (de 2008 a 2010). O local do óbito foi o hospital em cerca de 90% dos casos, em ambos os períodos. No primeiro triênio, nos hospitais de referência para gestação de alto risco, a taxa de letalidade hospitalar foi de 158,4/100.000 partos e, no segundo, 132,5/100.000 e as principais causas foram: pré-eclampsia/eclampsia, infecção urinária, infecção puerperal e causas indiretas. Nos hospitais de referência para gestação de baixo risco, as taxas de letalidade hospitalar foram: 76,2/100.000 e 80,0/100.000, e como principais causas: hemorragias, embolias e complicações anestésicas. Em 64 (2005 - 2007) e 71% (2008 - 2010) dos casos, o óbito ocorreu no hospital do internamento inicial. Foram considerados evitáveis 90% dos óbitos no segundo triênio. CONCLUSÕES: Há dificuldades no atendimento das complicações obstétricas em ambos os níveis de atenção de baixa e alta complexidade. A capacitação dos profissionais para o atendimento às emergências obstétricas e o monitoramento do uso dos protocolos em todos os níveis hospitalares deve ser priorizada para a redução das mortes maternas evitáveis. PURPOSES: To identify and to analyze maternal mortality causes, according to hospital complexity levels. METHODS: A descriptive-quantitative cross-sectional study of maternal deaths that occurred in hospitals in Paraná, Brazil, during the periods from 2005 to 2007 and from 2008 to 2010. Data from case studies of maternal mortality, obtained by the State Committee for Maternal Mortality Prevention, were utilized. The study focused on variables such as site and causes of death, hospital transfer, and avoidability. Maternal mortality rate, proportions, and hospital lethality ratio were calculated according to subgroups of low and high-risk pregnancy reference hospitals. RESULTS: Maternal mortality rate, including late maternal deaths, was 65.9 per 100.000 live-borns (from 2008 to 2010). Almost 90% of all maternal deaths occurred in the hospital environment, in both periods. The hospital lethality ratio at the high-risk pregnancy reference hospital was 158.4 deaths per 100,000 deliveries during the first period and 132.5/100,000 during the second, and the main causes were pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, puerperal infection, urinary tract infection, and indirect causes. At the low-risk pregnancy reference hospitals, the hospital lethality ratios were 76.2/100,000 and 80.0/100,000, and the main causes of death were hemorrhage, embolism, and anesthesia complications. In 64 (2005 - 2007) and in 71% (2008 - 2010) of the cases, the patients died in the same hospital of admission. During the second period, 90% of the casualties were avoidable. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitals of both levels of complexity are having difficulties in treating obstetric complications. Professional training for obstetric emergency assistance and the monitoring of protocols at all hospital levels should be considered by the managers as a priority strategy to reduce avoidable maternal deaths.

To identify and to analyze maternal mortality causes, according to hospital complexity levels.A descriptive-quantitative cross-sectional study of maternal deaths that occurred in hospitals in Paraná, Brazil, during the periods from 2005 to 2007 and from 2008 to 2010. Data from case studies of maternal mortality, obtained by the State Committee for Maternal Mortality Prevention, were utilized. The study focused on variables such as site and causes of death, hospital transfer, and avoidability. Maternal mortality rate, proportions, and hospital lethality ratio were calculated according to subgroups of low and high-risk pregnancy reference hospitals.Maternal mortality rate, including late maternal deaths, was 65.9 per 100.000 live-borns (from 2008 to 2010). Almost 90% of all maternal deaths occurred in the hospital environment, in both periods. The hospital lethality ratio at the high-risk pregnancy reference hospital was 158.4 deaths per 100,000 deliveries during the first period and 132.5/100,000 during the second, and the main causes were pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, puerperal infection, urinary tract infection, and indirect causes. At the low-risk pregnancy reference hospitals, the hospital lethality ratios were 76.2/100,000 and 80.0/100,000, and the main causes of death were hemorrhage, embolism, and anesthesia complications. In 64 (2005 - 2007) and in 71% (2008 - 2010) of the cases, the patients died in the same hospital of admission. During the second period, 90% of the casualties were avoidable.Hospitals of both levels of complexity are having difficulties in treating obstetric complications. Professional training for obstetric emergency assistance and the monitoring of protocols at all hospital levels should be considered by the managers as a priority strategy to reduce avoidable maternal deaths.