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Gender discrimination in the employment market is a sensitive issue that has been the subject of numerous studies and, in particular, of profuse political action on the part of governments and international institutions to eradicate it. Although gender discrimination issues are manifested in multiple dimensions, this study focuses on gender wage discrimination in the socio-professional group of certified accountants in Portugal. The ongoing process of feminization in the profession, starting in the last decade, justifies a first study on the issue of gender wage discrimination in a profession traditionally exercised by men and with little research in this domain. The application of a survey, with 751 validated observations, is the base for the empirical component of this study. In addition to wage issues, academic qualifications, time in the profession, age, and working conditions were considered as variables for analysis. The conclusions obtained point to a lesser wage for women concerning men in all the variables considered.

Purpose. This study aimed to assess whether self-reported productivity despite presenteeism may be affected by biomarkers and hormones and how these physiological indicators can interact with each other to explain the presenteeism dimensions. Methods. This pilot study included 180 healthy participants with a mean age of 41.22 years (SD = 13.58), 76.11% of whom were female. The dependent variable included a self-reported measure of productivity loss due to presenteeism: the Stanford Presenteeism Scale 6. This study also includes physiological indicators such as biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood glucose) and hormones (cortisol and TSH thyroid hormone). Results. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that CRP moderated the relationship between cortisol levels and productivity despite presenteeism. Moreover, the increase of TSH moderated the relationship between cortisol, glycemia, and employees’ capacity to complete work tasks while sick. Conclusions. The results highlight TSH’s moderating role in decreasing employees’ capacity to fulfill tasks when these individuals have high levels of glycemia and cortisol in their blood. These findings have practical and theoretical implications based on a fuller understanding of how biomarkers and hormones explain productivity despite presenteeism. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Considering today’s social challenges, the main goal of this chapter is to discuss what the role of Coaching has been in the organisational context in particular, and in the context of society in general. The discussion is mainly focused on the role of Coaching and how it has developed from organisational interests exclusively centred on Executive Coaching, to being a global instrument for individual psychological development.

In order to define Coaching, we first examined what Coaching is and what it is not. Then, we compared Coaching with other types of interventions. We also considered the different types of Coaching. Being aware of all the challenges that Coaching must deal with, it is also our aim in this chapter to stress those approaches that are most relevant to orienting best practices, particularly in the organisational context.

Drawing on the specific emotion approach, and based on the emotional regulation theory and cognitive and activation perspectives on emotions, this study examined the differentiated impact of state and trait anger on creative process engagement (CPE) and the moderating influences of emotion reappraisal and suppression. Data were obtained from daily surveys (N = 422) of 98 employees from three consultancy companies. Hierarchical linear modelling analysis revealed that trait anger has a stronger impact on CPE than state anger does. Furthermore, the relationship between state anger and CPE is stronger when emotion reappraisal is lower, rather than higher, and the relationship between trait anger and CPE is also stronger when emotion suppression is lower, rather than higher. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Drawing on the cognitive persistence perspective of creativity and conservation of resources theory, we investigated how 2 social contexts (perceived relationship conflict and coworker support for creativity) influence the relationship between anger and creative process engagement (CPE) in organizations. We tested our hypotheses using 422 daily surveys from 98 participants, collected over 5 consecutive workdays. The results show that anger perceived relationship conflict and coworker support for creativity interact to influence CPE. Specifically, when relationship conflict is high, the anger–CPE relationship is positive for employees who receive high coworker support for creativity, but negative for those who receive low coworker support for creativity. In contrast, when relationship conflict is low, the anger–CPE relationship is positive but does not differ at high versus low coworker support for creativity.

Drawing on the componential model of creativity and the interactionist perspective, this paper hypothesized and tested the relationships between anger and three sub-processes of creative process (i.e. problem identification, information search and encoding and idea generation) and the moderating influence of social context (namely, co-worker support versus relationship conflict) on those relationships. The hypothesized model was tested with daily survey data obtained from a sample of 98 employees (422 days) from three consultancy companies in Portugal. Results of hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) analysis revealed that anger was positively related to problem identification but unrelated to informational searching and encoding and idea generation. However, anger was negatively related to information searching and encoding and idea generation when co-worker support was low or relational conflict was high but positively related to information searching and encoding when co-worker support was high rather than low. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

O estudo apresentado pretendeu salientar a importância do conhecimento dos factores socio-cognitivos subjacentes à subestima do risco de infecção à Sida. O objectivo principal da pesquisa foi estabelecer um padrão típico dos determinantes da percepção de invulnerabilidade à doença considerando três níveis de análise: um nível individual, com base na teoria da adaptação cognitiva (Taylor e Brown, 1988), um nível interpessoal, com base na teoria do amor de Sternberg (1988), e um nível intergrupal, com base na teoria da identidade social (Tajfel, 1984). O estudo realizado por inquérito junto de 362 estudantes universitários mostra que, embora as variáveis de nível interpessoal sejam as que mais permitem prever a percepção de invulnerabilidade à Sida, todos os níveis apresentam contributos significativos. É apresentado um modelo de análise que pretende integrar as principais variáveis que contribuem para a explicação da percepção de invulnerabilidade à Sida. This study aims toshow the importance of social and cognitive factors to understand the underestimation of AIDS risk.The main goal of this research was to establish the determinants of perceived invulnerability to this disease, considering three levels of analysis: an individual level based on the Cognitive Adaptation Theory (Taylor & Brown, 1988), an inter-personal level based on Sternberg Theory of Love (1984) and a inter-group level based on Social Identity Theory (Tajfel, 1984). 362 university students answered a structured survey. Results show that although interpersonal variables (specifically optimism about their partner) was the best predictor of perceived invulnerability to AIDS, all the other levels significantly contribute to the explanation of that variation.