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Fungal infections are a significant threat to human health and the environment. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of fungi and the growing prevalence of azole resistance in invasive fungal infections exacerbate the problem, with efflux pumps being a major cause of antifungal resistance and a prime target for several counteractive strategies. In Candida albicans, the ATP-binding cassette superfamily transporter CaCdr1p is the predominant efflux pump involved in azole resistance. Marine organisms have unique phenotypic characteristics to survive in challenging environments, resulting in biologically active compounds. The cyclodepsipeptides unnarmicin A and C have shown promising results as inhibitors of rhodamine 6G efflux in cells expressing CaCdr1p. Herein, a series of unnarmicin analogues were designed and docked against a CaCdr1p efflux pump based on the cryogenic electron microscopy structure available to select the most promising compounds. Analogue 33 was predicted to be the best considering its high affinity for the efflux pump and pharmacokinetic profile. These results pave the way for further synthesis and in vitro biological studies of novel unnarmicins seeking a synergistic effect with fluconazole.

Introdução: O tratamento de quimioterapia pode provocar um conjunto de sintomas adversos, com implicações no bem-estar e qualidade de vida dos doentes oncológicos, pelo que se justificam intervenções de enfermagem destinadas a promover a sua autogestão. Objetivo: Avaliar a perceção de autoeficácia e qualidade de vida em doentes oncológicos a realizar quimioterapia, acompanhados presencialmente e via telefone na autogestão dos sintomas da quimioterapia. Método: Estudo descritivo-correlacional e longitudinal, com 51 doentes oncológicos, acompanhados ao longo do primeiro mês de tratamento de quimioterapia e avaliados em três momentos. Apresentação dos resultados e discussão: Os resultados indicam uma boa perceção de autoeficácia e de qualidade de vida ao longo do primeiro mês de quimioterapia. As náuseas e vómitos foram os sintomas mais lesivos, em especial na primeira fase. Os resultados sugerem ainda que as orientações para monitorização e autogestão dos sintomas ministradas pelos enfermeiros possam ter sido positivas para a adaptação à quimioterapia.

Abstract Down syndrome (DS), affecting 1 in 700 live births, is the most prevalent chromosomal disorder among newborns. Recognizable by classical clinical features, patients with DS are susceptible to various immunological misbalances. Inflammasome is (mis)activated in several immune-mediated diseases, however studies on individuals with DS are lacking. The present study evaluated the gene expression of NLRP1, NLRP3 and IL-1β in individuals with DS, aiming to understand their susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases. In addition, we assessed whether the individuals with DS present a differential inflammatory response after in vitro infection using PBMCs. For the gene expression assay, 20 individuals with DS and 15 healthy individuals for the control group (CT) were included, while the in vitro infection assay included 10 subjects. mRNA levels from individuals with DS group showed 1.9-fold change (FC) downregulation for NLRP1 (p=0.0001), but no differences for NLRP3 and IL1β. We did not observe significant differences between lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated and untreated cells in our in vitro assays. The differential expression of NLRP1 in individuals with DS suggests a potential association with susceptibility to the development of immune-mediated diseases, but further analysis is needed to confirm this relationship.

Zilucoplan is a synthetic macrocyclic peptide approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in October 2023, for the treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis. It is considered as an orphan drug that causes the inhibition of terminal complement cascade activation with a dual mechanism of action preventing the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) and the destruction of the neuromuscular junction. This drug has been demonstrated to be able to treat the generalized myasthenia gravis without significant adverse effects, with good efficacy, safety, and tolerability profile. Zilucoplan is not only innovative and promising in the therapeutics of generalized myasthenia gravis, but it could also be beneficial for the treatment of other diseases as well as a model for synthesis of analogues to improve pharmacological profile.

Promethazine (PMZ) is metabolized in the liver giving rise to chiral metabolites, including promethazine sulfoxide (PMZSO) and desmonomethyl promethazine (DMPMZ). Other metabolites, such as dioxopromethazine (DOPMZ), hydroxy promethazine (PMZOH), N-desmethyl-promethazine sulfoxide, and promethazine N-oxide (PMZNO) can also be formed, but information about them is limited. In this work, the enantiomeric metabolic profile of PMZ in ultra-pool human liver microsomes (HLM) was evaluated. For that, a novel enantioselective analytical method, by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry was established and employed to monitor the enantiomers of PMZ and the formation of its main metabolites PMZSO and DMPMZ in two-hours assay with HLM. The enantioseparation optimized conditions were achieved with two immobilized carbamate amylose-based (3‑chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) columns: Lux® 3 µm i-Amylose-3 and Chiralpak® IG-U 1.6 µm. The optimized mobile phase for enantioseparation used buffer and ethanol, a green organic solvent, in a low flow rate. The sample preparation was based only in liquid-liquid extraction. (R)-PMZ consistently exhibited higher concentrations than (S)-PMZ, indicating less extension in metabolization. Regarding the metabolites, PMZSO exhibited higher concentrations compared to DMPMZ. A higher concentration for (S)-PMZSO was found when compared to the (R)-PMZSO and (R)-DMPMZ showing higher concentration compared to (S)-DMPMZ, indicating enantioselectivity in the metabolization process. The metabolites, PMZOH or PMZNO and DOPMZ were also identified. The second enantiomer of DOPMZ also showed a higher proportion than the first eluted enantiomer. These results demonstrated enantioselectivity of liver metabolism of PMZ, as well as confirmed PMZOH, PMZNO, and DOPMZ metabolites formation.

Introduction: In the last few decades, strategic leadership has been identified as a global goal; however, nursing education does not always provide the content required for administration and management to prepare nurses for future leadership challenges. Objective: To explore concepts, theories, and learning programs in administration, management, and leadership in undergraduate nursing education. Methods: The review was conducted in April 2022, following the JBI methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidelines in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo databases via EBSCO, and Scopus through Elsevier. Gray literature and unpublished studies were also included through the RCAAP, Canadian Science Publishing, and Google Scholar. Articles in English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese, published and unpublished from 2012 to 2022, were included. Results: Thirty-one articles met the eligibility criteria for the review. An insightful picture of the key concepts and pedagogical strategies for learning leadership skills was found, as well as one learning program in undergraduate nursing education. Conclusion: The need to introduce all the concepts found supported by adapted and logical theories at the undergraduate level was confirmed. The Clinical Nurse Leadership program seems appropriate and can be a model of implementation, but more investigation is needed to produce an evidence-based clinical nursing leadership curriculum.

Societies throughout today’s global village are increasingly aware of the social injustices that minorities face, and immigrants are no exception. Combined with the lack of adaptation resources and the prejudice of non-migrant residents, immigrants may feel powerless in foreign places as they try to find comfort and security in new and unfamiliar environments. It is increasingly urgent to address immigrant issues, considering the crucial role of enhancing diversity, combating prejudice, and raising awareness of minority experiences. This systematic literature review investigates the innovative use of gamification in exploring and addressing the experiences and issues immigrants face. The review follows the PRISMA statement guidelines and checklist. Scopus, CINAHL, and Medline databases were searched, resulting in 17 relevant articles that were carefully analyzed. This research highlights the diverse applications of gamification in studying immigrant experiences via role-playing, interactive storytelling, and empathy-building simulations. This work explores the potential of gamified interventions in addressing pressing issues immigrants face and assesses their effectiveness in fostering empathy and intercultural communication. It also identifies gaps in the existing information sciences literature and proposes directions for future research. In conclusion, this review sheds light on the emerging field of gamification in immigration studies and games studies in the information sciences, providing valuable insights for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners working with immigrant communities worldwide.

3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is an emerging, chiral, new psychoactive substance belonging to the synthetic cathinones group that has been frequently detected in wastewater effluents and aquatic environments. However, the knowledge of its enantioselective occurrence and toxicity toward aquatic organisms is scarce. The aim of this work was to develop an enantioselective liquid chromatography (LC) method to monitor the enantiomers of MDPV in environmental and ecotoxicological assays. For that, different chiral columns and mobile phases in both normal and reversed elution modes were attempted. The optimized conditions were achieved using a Daicel® 3 μm—CHIRALPAK® IF-3 column with 5 mM of ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3, pH 8.8) in ultra-pure water (UPW) and acetonitrile (ACN) (10:90, v/v) as a mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min−1. This condition was applied to monitor the racemate and the single enantiomers of MDPV in culture medium collected from ecotoxicity experiments. Racemization was observed for MDPV enantiomers (in individual exposure). The enantiomeric ratio (e.r.) of (S)-MDPV changed from an initial e.r. of 96.4/3.6 to 78.0/22.0 and for the (R)-enantiomer, the e.r changed from 15.6/84.4 to 28.3/71.7). These data highlight the importance of enantioselective monitoring of culture media in toxicity assays that involve chiral substances, since racemization can occur and lead to inaccuracy in the toxicity evaluation. Nevertheless, it is also important to stress that racemization may occur during storage conditions or sample procedures. Therefore, the enantioselective methodology is of utmost importance to warrant the quality of the results in enantioselective ecotoxicological studies.

Background: Scientific and technological advancements have significantly impacted our daily lives, and it is not easy to imagine living without their benefits. However, elderly individuals may experience limited access to these resources, impeding their autonomy. To address this, the use of exergames has been proposed to promote the mental health and socialization of older people. This study aims to systematically review the effectiveness of exergames in promoting older people’s mental health and socialization. Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute’s recommended methodology will be used for a systematic review. Databases relevant to the research topic, such as those regarding gerontologic care, aged rehabilitation, geriatric games, video games, play and playthings, mental health, anxiety, depression, stress, and physiological factors, will be searched for experimental and quasi-experimental studies, as well as randomized studies with and without control groups. Results: The systematic literature review will synthesize findings on the effectiveness of exergames in promoting mental health and socialization in the elderly population. Conclusions: Exergames may have the potential to effectively improve the mental health and socialization of the elderly population. Identifying which exergames are most effective for these purposes is important to inform the provision of healthcare to this population.

Introduction: Acute liver failure (ALF), although rare in children, is a complex progressive pathology, with multisystem involvement and high mortality. Isolated variables or those included in prognostic scores have been studied, to optimize organ allocation. However, its validation is challenging. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of several biomarkers and scores as predictors of prognosis in pediatric ALF (PALF). Methods: An observational study with retrospective data collection, including all cases of ALF, was defined according to the criteria of the Pediatric Acute Liver Failure Study Group, admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for 28 years. Two groups were defined: spontaneous recovery (SR) and non-SR (NSR) – submitted to liver transplantation (LT) or death at PICU discharge. Results: Fifty-nine patients were included, with a median age of 24 months, and 54% were female. The most frequent etiologies were metabolic (25.4%) and infectious (18.6%); 32.2% were undetermined. SR occurred in 21 patients (35.6%). In NSR group (N = 38, 64.4%), 25 required LT (42.4%) and 19 died (32.2%), 6 (15.7%) of whom after LT. The accuracy to predict NSR was acceptable for lactate at admission (AUC 0.72; 95% CI: 0.57–0.86; p = 0.006), ammonia peak (AUC 0.72; 95% CI: 0.58–0.86; p = 0.006), and INR peak (AUC 0.70; 95% CI: 0.56–0.85; p = 0.01). The cut-off value for lactate at admission was 1.95 mmol/L (sensitivity 78.4% and specificity 61.9%), ammonia peak was 64 μmol/L (sensitivity 100% and specificity 38.1%), and INR peak was 4.8 (sensitivity 61.1% and specificity 76.2%). Lactate on admission was shown to be an independent predictor of NSR on logistic regression model. Two prognostic scores had acceptable discrimination for NSR, LIU (AUC 0.73; 95% CI: 0.59–0.87; p = 0.004) and PRISM (AUC 0.71; 95% CI: 0.56–0.86; p = 0.03). In our study, the PALF delta score (PALF-ds) had lower discrimination capacity (AUC 0.63; 95% CI: 0.47–0.78; p = 0.11). Conclusions: The lactate at admission, an easily obtained parameter, had a similar capacity than the more complex scores, LIU and PRISM, to predict NSR. The prognostic value in our population of the promising dynamic score, PALF-ds, was lower than expected.

Abstract Aim To evaluate students' self‐perceived pedagogical outcomes when using a digital scenario‐based tool compared to traditional scenarios printed on paper. Design This study used a within‐subjects experiment. Method A digital platform for scenario development was developed, focusing on patients' regaining independence and returning home after an acute event. Students participated in two simulation activities, differing only in the type of scenario used and completed a questionnaire to evaluate their learning experience. Results Students considered that the new scenario template provided a clearer understanding of the situation under analysis, allowing them to recognize the focuses of attention to be prioritized when formulating the intervention plan. No Patient or Public Contribution: A digital platform for a standardized process of scenario writing to help realistic simulation in nursing education is a novelty in this study and will likely contribute to substantial learning gains.

Introdução: Os exergames têm sido utilizados em saúde com resultados positivos, designadamente na reabilitação. Cientes das potencialidades destes recursos, o presente estudo pretende mapear a utilização de exergames na reabilitação da pessoa submetida a cirurgia da mama, identificando os ganhos em saúde decorrentes da implementação desta tecnologia. Metodologia: Realizamos um estudo de revisão do tipo Scoping. A pesquisa foi efetuada nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE® (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), CINAHL® (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), SPORTDiscus, SCOPUS, SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials e PEDRo (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), identificando todos os estudos publicados até 31 de Janeiro de 2022, de acordo com as guidelines do Instituto da Joanna Briggs e do PRISMAScR. Resultados: A amostra final foi constituída por 13 artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2021. Na totalidade dos estudos participaram 441 pessoas. Plataformas como a Xbox® e Nintendo Wii®, com recurso a jogos de movimento, foram as mais utilizadas. Os planos de intervenção variaram entre os 15 dias e as 12 semanas, tendo a maioria das intervenções decorrido num pós-operatório tardio. A intervenção com exergames gerou resultados superiores ou similares à reabilitação tradicional na dor, funcionalidade do membro superior, amplitude articular, fadiga e na qualidade de vida. Conclusão: A Scoping Review permitiu evidenciar o efeito benéfico dos exergames na reabilitação da pessoa submetida a cirurgia por cancro da mama. Contudo, revela-se pertinente a realização de um maior número de estudos científicos nesta área que permitam determinar o tipo de jogo, tempo e frequência de intervenção que otimizem o nível de eficácia. Palavras-chave: Neoplasia da mama; Exergames; Reabilitação

Background: The world’s population changed with the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Burnout arises due to overwork, prolonged work periods, a lack of human and material resources, etc. Several studies have reported the incidence of burnout syndrome in nurses that work in intensive care units (ICUs). The aim was to map the scientific evidence related to nurses’ burnout in the ICU, namely the repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 in terms of burnout among nurses. Methods: A scoping review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology guidelines to search for and synthesise studies published between 2019 and 2022. The databases searched were MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, SCOPUS, PsycINFO and OPEN GREY. A total of fourteen articles were eligible to be included. Results: A content analysis of the selected articles was carried out, and three categories emerged that corresponded to the dimensions of burnout according to Maslach and Leiter: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation dimension and a lack of personal accomplishment. It was evident that nurses who worked in the ICU during the pandemic showed high levels of burnout. Conclusions: It is recommended that hospital administrations hire health professionals, namely nurses, as a strategic and operational management strategy to reduce the risk of increased burnout during pandemic outbreaks.

Cancer is a complex disease characterized by several alterations, which confer, to the cells, the capacity to proliferate uncontrollably and to resist cellular death. Multiresistance to conventional chemotherapy drugs is often the cause of treatment failure; thus, the search for natural products or their derivatives with therapeutic action is essential. Chiral derivatives of xanthones (CDXs) have shown potential inhibitory activity against the growth of some human tumor cell lines. This work reports the screening of a library of CDXs, through viability assays, in different cancer cell lines: A375-C5, MCF-7, NCI-H460, and HCT-15. CDXs’ effect was analyzed based on several parameters of cancer cells, and it was also verified if these compounds were substrates of glycoprotein-P (Pgp), one of the main mechanisms of resistance in cancer therapy. Pgp expression was evaluated in all cell lines, but no expression was observed, except for HCT-15. Also, when a humanized yeast expressing the human gene MDR1 was used, no conclusions could be drawn about CDXs as Pgp substrates. The selected CDXs did not induce significant differences in the metabolic parameters analyzed. These results show that some CDXs present promising antitumor activity, but other mechanisms should be triggered by these compounds.

Background: Scientific and technological development has constituted a reality in the lives of populations, making it unimaginable to live without specific incentives that development has allowed. That said, given the increase in the longevity of people, it will be helpful to implement these resources in promoting health and disease prevention in the elderly. The objective of this study is to identify, in the scientific evidence, the effects of Wii games on the physical training of the elderly. Methods: A systematic review will be carried out according to the methodology recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Relevant databases will be used for the research, where the words will be used: rehabilitation, exercise, physical activity, rehabilitation exercise; movement; therapeutic exercise; engine activity; rehabilitation, geriatric, gerontologic care, and aged. Results: This systematic review will include experimental and quasi-experimental studies, including randomised studies with and without a control group, pre- and post-assessment. Conclusions: To promote the autonomy of the elderly and consequently healthy and prosperous ageing, it is crucial to implement all available measures and resources. For this purpose, exergames have been shown to be effective, and it is necessary to know which ones are suitable for the physical training of the elderly. This one protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought multiple challenges for health institutions and their professionals. The requirement of this disease forced nurses to confront organizational and clinical challenges to maintain the quality standards of care they provide. These requirements may have contributed to increased burnout symptoms. This study aims to map the scientific evidence related to nurses’ burnout in intensive care units. Methods: A scoping review will be conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Relevant databases will be used as well as grey literature, where the following words will be used: burnout, nurses, intensive care units and SARS-CoV-2. Results: This scoping review will include all types of studies—quantitative, qualitative and mixed—and all types of reviews that focus on the objective of this review. Conclusions: It is vital to determine the impact of the burnout caused by the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 to assess amending measures of risk and protection factors. This will help in the implementation of guidelines according to the available evidence. Additionally, this will help to improve the skills of these professionals as well as to reduce their emotional and physical exhaustion. This protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework.

Introdução: No contexto de cuidados paliativos, iniciar uma conversa sobre certos temas é amplamente reconhecido como sendo difícil. Os estudos demonstram que ferramentas em forma de cartões facilitam a colocação de pensamentos e sentimentos em palavras, principalmente para discutir questões de fim de vida Os Jogo de cartas são uma estratégia ética e viável para uma abordagem centrada na pessoa e na família. Objetivo: Criar um jogo de cartas colaborativo, como estratégia inovadora em saúde, ética e viável. Tratando- se de uma técnica de comunicação estruturada e organizada. Permite avaliar e intervir em múltiplas necessidades da pessoa e da família em situação paliativa e fim de vida. Material e Método: método misto para descreve as três etapas de construção e validação do jogo de cartas colaborativo. Fase I- Estudo Exploratório, fase II- Estudo Delphi e fase III- Estudo de Múltiplos Casos. Participantes: amostragem por conveniência, foram recrutados 100 peritos, profissionais de saúde, a exercer funções na área de oncologia e/ou em cuidados paliativos (fase II). Seis doentes e sua família, internados numa unidade de cuidados paliativos e quatro profissionais de saúde (fase III). Resultados: O “Pallium Game” é composto por 93 cartas: 2 Cartas “Start”, 23 Cartas “Família”, 16 Cartas “Suporte”, 10 Cartas “Impacto”, 23 Cartas “Significado”, 11 Cartões Crenças”, 8 Cartões “Intervenção”. Análise de conteúdo das respostas do questionário de avaliação, surgiram quatro categorias: usabilidade, instrumento de avaliação, comunicação e relação terapêutica e, significado na utilização do jogo. Conclusão: O jogo colaborativo, foi considerado uma estratégia inovadora, útil e eficaz em cuidados paliativos. Permitiu criar um espaço para que as pessoas e famílias pudessem explicitar sentimentos, vivências atendendo à miríade de necessidades físicas, psicossociais e espirituais. Nossas descobertas sugerem o uso do “Palllium Game” como abordagem útil com impacto para discussão de tópicos sensíveis em cuidados paliativos.

Background & Aim: Providing adolescents with information to understand their sexual health is critical to promote healthy sexual development, reducing the negative consequences of risky sexual behaviors, and creating a foundation for healthy adulthood. This study aimed to identify the recent empirical evidence on new methodologies for improved sexual health outcomes among adolescents. Methods & Materials: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials guided the PICO question, "What knowledge and attitudes do high school students obtain when confronted with new methodologies for teaching sexuality compared to traditional teaching?" regardless of geographic location, race/ethnicity, or gender criteria, concerning adolescents, was conducted. The databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, were searched in December 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools for use in JBI Systematic Reviews were used to assess methodological quality. Data were synthesized across studies and presented narratively. Results: Thirteen articles were included for review, involving 11.262 participants. The duration of the interventions with new methodologies ranged from a few hours to three months. New methodologies on sexual health education to improve high school student's knowledge and attitudes were divided into four types: digital and Internet-based intervention, curriculum-based intervention, training-based intervention, and peer group bonding-based intervention. Conclusion: These results provide healthcare professionals with additional strategies that may be integrated into school health programs regarding sex education.

Recent findings have demonstrated an increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Portugal, urging the need to study modifiable risk factors such as parental feeding practices. The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) is an important self-report measure assessing a broad range of responsive and non-responsive feeding practices. However, the CFPQ has not yet been validated in Portugal. Therefore, the present study aimed to test the validity of this measure with Portuguese parents of 2-to-8-year-old children. A sample of 409 parents completed a Portuguese-adapted version of the CFPQ and the already validated Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and psychometric analysis were conducted. CFA demonstrated the original 12-factor structure did not fit the sample. EFA identified an eight-factor structure comprising 29 items: Monitoring, Modeling, Environment, Involvement, Emotion Regulation, Restriction for Weight Control, Restriction for Health, and Pressure. Findings suggest that parental feeding practices are sensitive to parents’ background cultures and children’s developmental period.

Parasitic diseases still compromise human health. Some of the currently available therapeutic drugs have limitations considering their adverse effects, questionable efficacy, and long treatment, which have encouraged drug resistance. There is an urgent need to find new, safe, effective, and affordable antiparasitic drugs. Marine-derived cyclic peptides have been increasingly screened as candidates for developing new drugs. Therefore, in this review, a systematic analysis of the scientific literature was performed and 25 marine-derived cyclic peptides with antiparasitic activity (1–25) were found. Antimalarial activity is the most reported (51%), followed by antileishmanial (27%) and antitrypanosomal (20%) activities. Some compounds showed promising antiparasitic activity at the nM scale, being active against various parasites. The mechanisms of action and targets for some of the compounds have been investigated, revealing different strategies against parasites.

Marine natural products are well-recognized as potential resources to fill the pipeline of drug leads to enter the pharmaceutical industry. In this circumstance, marine-derived fungi are one of the unique sources of bioactive secondary metabolites due to their capacity to produce diverse polyketides and peptides with unique structures and diverse biological activities. The present review covers the peptides from marine-derived fungi reported from the literature published from January 1991 to June 2023, and various scientific databases, including Elsevier, ACS publications, Taylor and Francis, Wiley Online Library, MDPI, Springer, Thieme, Bentham, ProQuest, and the Marine Pharmacology website, are used for a literature search. This review focuses on chemical characteristics, sources, and biological and pharmacological activities of 366 marine fungal peptides belonging to various classes, such as linear, cyclic, and depsipeptides. Among 30 marine-derived fungal genera, isolated from marine macro-organisms such as marine algae, sponges, coral, and mangrove plants, as well as deep sea sediments, species of Aspergillus were found to produce the highest number of peptides (174 peptides), followed by Penicillium (23 peptides), Acremonium (22 peptides), Eurotium (18 peptides), Trichoderma (18 peptides), Simplicillium (17 peptides), and Beauveria (12 peptides). The cytotoxic activity against a broad spectrum of human cancer cell lines was the predominant biological activity of the reported marine peptides (32%), whereas antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and various enzyme inhibition activities ranged from 7% to 20%. In the first part of this review, the chemistry of marine peptides is discussed and followed by their biological activity.

Introduction: Independence is a privileged area of intervention for nurses. Most situations that motivate hospitalizations lead to a considerable decrease in the person's independence. There are many scales that measure independence, so it is important to know them and how to apply them properly. Methodology: Scoping review based on the principles advocated by the Joanna Briggs Institute. A search was carried out in the following databases: Scopus (excluding MEDLINE), CINAHL complete (via EBSCO, excluding MEDLINE) and MEDLINE (via PubMed). Results: After the analysis according to the established inclusion criteria, 26 articles were selected, which allude to six different instruments that assess independence, namely Functional Independence Measurement, Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Scale, Barthel Index, Katz Index of Independece in Activities of Daily Living, the Assessment of Living Skills and Resources and the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation. Discussion: Instrument titles sometimes do not translate if they only measure and/or only independence. When the application of the different instruments is combined, it enables, as a whole, to respond to the concept of independence. Conclusion: In clinical practice, it is important to know all the instruments available in order to apply them, also knowing their characteristics and applicability. It is recognized that the results of the application of these tools allow for the characterization of people's needs and permits a response, in a timely manner, to those needs.

O presente artigo discute a estrutura midiática contemporânea e a interação social mediada, por meio do encadeamento midiático que se dá entre o Twitter e a mídia impressa, representada pelos jornais Folha de S. Paulo e O Globo. Para tal, toma-se como objeto o episódio no qual o Presidente Bolsonaro afirmou que a jornalista Míriam Leitão integrava a luta armada durante a Ditadura Militar, questionando o fato de ela ter sofrido tortura durante o regime. Tal acontecimento gerou repercussão na mídia tradicional e nas micromídias – Twitter e Facebook. Para observar a ocorrência do encadeamento midiático entre as redes utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo mesclada à Análise de Enquadramento. A abordagem teórica se concentra em dois eixos: a midiatização e a circularidade das mensagens. O trabalho concluiu que as ferramentas digitais, nesse caso o Twitter, viabilizam processos comunicativos de mão dupla e facilita a livre circulação de informações em escala global, ampliando o debate público.

Cyclic peptides are molecules that are already used as drugs in therapies approved for various pharmacological activities, for example, as antibiotics, antifungals, anticancer, and immunosuppressants. Interest in these molecules has been growing due to the improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the cyclic structure over linear peptides and by the evolution of chemical synthesis, computational, and in vitro methods. To date, 53 cyclic peptides have been approved by different regulatory authorities, and many others are in clinical trials for a wide diversity of conditions. In this review, the potential of cyclic peptides is presented, and general aspects of their synthesis and development are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of already approved cyclic peptides is also given, and the cyclic peptides in clinical trials are summarized.

In recent decades, the relationship between drug chirality and biological activity has been assuming enormous importance in medicinal chemistry. Particularly, chiral derivatives of xanthones (CDXs) have interesting biological activities, including enantioselective anti-inflammatory activity. Herein, the synthesis of a library of CDXs is described, by coupling a carboxyxanthone (1) with both enantiomers of proteinogenic amino esters as chiral building blocks (2–31), following the chiral pool strategy. The coupling reactions were performed at room temperature with good yields (from 44 to 99.9%) and very high enantiomeric purity, with most of them presenting an enantiomeric ratio close to 100%. To afford the respective amino acid derivatives (32–61), the ester group of the CDXs was hydrolyzed in mild alkaline conditions. Consequently, in this work, sixty new derivatives of CDXs were synthetized. The cytocompatibility and anti-inflammatory activity in the presence of M1 macrophages were studied for forty-four of the new synthesized CDXs. A significant decrease in the levels of a proinflammatory cytokine targeted in the treatment of several inflammatory diseases, namely interleukin 6 (IL-6), was achieved in the presence of many CDXs. The amino ester of L-tyrosine (X1AELT) was the most effective in reducing IL-6 production (52.2 ± 13.2%) by LPS-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, it was ≈1.2 times better than the D-enantiomer. Indeed, enantioselectivity was observed for the majority of the tested compounds. Thus, their evaluation as promising anti-inflammatory drugs should be considered.

A corrupção, principalmente quando praticada por líderes políticos, torna-se um dos principais elementos do escândalo político-midiático. Com base nesta premissa, este artigo busca analisar o protagonismo do Jornal Nacional no escândalo político envolvendo o Presidente da República Michel Temer (MDB) e a JBS, produtora de proteína animal. Como amostra, serão analisadas as reportagens exibindo os áudios do diálogo entre Temer e Joesley Batista, acionista da empresa, do período que compreende o início do vazamento na mídia, em 17 de maio de 2017, até 27 de junho, data em que o presidente foi indiciado formalmente pela Procuradoria Geral da República. Presume-se que o JN tenha investido na divulgação diária do evento, com reprodução sistemática dos áudios, mantendo o escândalo em evidência, com o intuito de comprometer a imagem política do presidente peemedebista.

Synthetic cathinones, such as 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), are widely abused due to their psychostimulant effects. As they are chiral molecules, studies of their stereochemical stability (racemization can occur in certain temperatures and acidic/basic environments) and of their biological and/or toxicity effects (enantiomers might display different properties) are of great relevance. In this study, the liquid chromatography (LC) semi-preparative enantioresolution of MDPV was optimized to collect both enantiomers with high recovery rates and enantiomeric ratio (e.r.) values. The absolute configuration of the MDPV enantiomers was determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) with the aid of theoretical calculations. The first eluted enantiomer was identified as S-(-)-MDPV and the second eluted enantiomer was identified as R-(+)-MDPV. A racemization study was performed by LC-UV, showing enantiomers’ stability up to 48 h at room temperature and 24 h at 37 °C. Racemization was only affected by higher temperatures. The potential enantioselectivity of MDPV in cytotoxicity and in the expression of neuroplasticity-involved proteins—brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)—was also evaluated using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. No enantioselectivity was observed.

Learning to eat complementary foods is a crucial milestone for infants, having implications across development. The most used method for introducing complementary foods is Traditional Spoon-Feeding (TSF). However, the alternative method Baby-Led Weaning (BLW) is increasingly becoming used as it has been associated with positive outcomes. Research analyzing associations between complementary feeding methods and responsive parenting is practically non-existent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze differences in emotional and feeding responsiveness between caregivers who previously implemented traditional vs. non-traditional feeding approaches. Caregivers (mostly mothers) of 179 children between 3 and 5 years were asked about the complementary feeding method that they had followed previously (70.4% reported using the TSF, 16.8% said they used the BLW and 12.8% used both methods simultaneously). In addition, they reported on their feeding practices using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire and on their responses to children’s distress using the Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale. The results showed that parents who reported using a non-traditional (BLW or both) complementary feeding method reported less pressure to eat and minimization of reactions to children’s negative emotions, compared to parents who used a traditional method (although these reported using more problem-focused reactions). The findings suggest that complementary feeding methods and responsive parenting may be linked, leaving the question of which one sets the stage for the other.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, diagnostic approach, and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) in children living in a high-burden metropolitan area. Methods: This was a retrospective study, based on a medical chart review, involving children under 15 years old treated for TB between 2007 and 2016, in four primary health units (PHU) and three reference centers (RC) in five cities of Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area. Factors associated with TB treatment setting, microbiological diagnosis, and treatment outcomes were evaluated. Results: A total of 544 children were enrolled; 71% were treated in PHU, 36% were under 5 years old, and 72% had pulmonary TB (PTB). The HIV prevalence was 10% (31/322). Fifty-three percent had at least one microbiological test for TB, 68% of them (196/287) had TB confirmed. Among 222 children with previous TB contact, information on LTBI was available for 78 (35%), and only 17% (13/78) were treated. Extrapulmonary TB (56% vs 32%), microbiologically confirmed TB (77% vs 60%), and HIV positivity (18.5% vs 4.0%) were significantly more frequent in RC. Treatment in RC (odds ratio (OR) 3.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.74–5.44) and PTB (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.34–4.56) were independently associated with a microbiological diagnosis of TB. The treatment success rate was 85%. In the logistic regression analysis, HIV-infected children had a 2.5-fold higher risk of an unfavorable outcome (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.0–6.38; p = 0.05). Conclusions: Opportunities for TB prevention and early TB treatment are missed due to suboptimal close contact screening. Microbiological diagnosis of TB and drug susceptibility testing in children should be made available through more sensitive and accessible tests.

3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a widely studied synthetic cathinone heterocycle mainly concerning its psychoactive effects. It is a chiral molecule and one of the most abused new psychoactive substances worldwide. Enantioselectivity studies for MDPV are still scarce and the extent to which it crosses the intestinal membrane is still unknown. Herein, an in vitro permeability study was performed to evaluate the passage of the enantiomers of MDPV across the Caco-2 monolayer. To detect and quantify MDPV, a UHPLC-UV method was developed and validated. Acceptable values within the recommended limits were obtained for all evaluated parameters (specificity, linearity, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and precision). The enantiomers of MDPV were found to be highly permeable across the Caco-2 monolayer, which can indicate a high intestinal permeability. Enantioselectivity was observed for the Papp values in the basolateral (BL) to apical (AP) direction. Furthermore, efflux ratios are indicative of efflux through a facilitated diffusion mechanism. To the best of our knowledge, determination of the permeability of MDPV across the intestinal epithelial cell monolayer is presented here for the first time.

The search for new antibiotics against drug-resistant microbes has been expanded to marine bacteria. Marine bacteria have been proven to be a prolific source of a myriad of novel compounds with potential biological activities. Therefore, this review highlights novel and bioactive compounds from marine bacteria reported during the period of January 2016 to December 2021. Published articles containing novel marine bacterial secondary metabolites that are active against drug-resistant pathogens were collected. Previously described compounds (prior to January 2016) are not included in this review. Unreported compounds during this period that exhibited activity against pathogenic microbes were discussed and compared in order to find the cue of the structure–bioactivity relationship. The results showed that Streptomyces are the most studied bacteria with undescribed bioactive compounds, followed by other genera in the Actinobacteria. We have categorized the structures of the compounds in the present review into four groups, based on their biosynthetic origins, as polyketide derivatives, amino acid derivatives, terpenoids, as well as compounds with mixed origin. These compounds were active against one or more drug-resistant pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and amphotericin B-resistant Candida albicans. In addition, some of the compounds also showed activity against biofilm formation of the test bacteria. Some previously undescribed compounds, isolated from marine-derived bacteria during this period, could have a good potential as lead compounds for the development of drug candidates to overcome multidrug-resistant pathogens.

Cyclopeptides are considered as one of the most important classes of compounds derived from marine sources, due to their structural diversity and a myriad of their biological and pharmacological activities. Since marine-derived cyclopeptides consist of different amino acids, many of which are non-proteinogenic, they possess various stereogenic centers. In this respect, the structure elucidation of new molecular scaffolds obtained from natural sources, including marine-derived cyclopeptides, can become a very challenging task. The determination of the absolute configurations of the amino acid residues is accomplished, in most cases, by performing acidic hydrolysis, followed by analyses by liquid chromatography (LC). In a continuation with the authors’ previous publication, and to analyze the current trends, the present review covers recently published works (from January 2018 to November 2022) regarding new cyclopeptides from marine organisms, with a special focus on their biological/pharmacological activities and the absolute stereochemical assignment of the amino acid residues. Ninety-one unreported marine-derived cyclopeptides were identified during this period, most of which displayed anticancer or antimicrobial activities. Marfey’s method, which involves LC, was found to be the most frequently used for this purpose.

Objetivo: explorar o estado atual do conhecimento científico relacionado com o fenômeno da autogestão da doença e dos efeitos secundários associados ao tratamento de quimioterapia. Método: realizou-se uma scoping review, para mapeamento dos estudos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, recorrendo a bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE, CINAHL e Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Resultados: foram incluídos 88 estudos. Identificou um primeiro grupo de estudos (15 artigos), de natureza qualitativa, que maioritariamente analisam as percepções e vivências dos doentes relativamente ao fenômeno. Outro conjunto de estudos (32 artigos) analisam as variáveis ou fatores que interferem na autogestão da doença. E o último, com 39 estudos que apresenta intervenções direcionadas para a promoção da autogestão durante o tratamento de quimioterapia, nos quais prevalecem as intervenções que recorrem ao uso de tecnologia, nomeadamente os equipamentos móveis. Conclusão: as intervenções neste âmbito deverão abordar determinantes importantes, tais como autocuidado, autocontrole, autoeficácia, crenças e estratégias de coping. O uso das tecnologias de informação, poderão ser efetivamente um caminho profícuo a seguir nesta era da comunicação e representar uma nova forma de “cuidar” em oncologia.

O tratamento de quimioterapia tem o potencial de provocar um conjunto de sintomas adversos, com repercussões significativas no bem-estar e qualidade de vida da pessoa, fazendo emergir necessidades específicas em cuidados de saúde. Objetivo: Consensualizar, com um grupo de peritos, orientações terapêuticas de suporte à autogestão dos sintomas: anorexia, dor, diarreia e obstipação, associados ao tratamento de quimioterapia. Método: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, desenvolvido a partir da técnica de Delphi, em três rondas, integrando um painel de 22 enfermeiros, peritos na área da doença oncológica/intervenção na pessoa em tratamento de quimioterapia. Apresentação dos resultados e discussão: Os consensos obtidos permitiram a validação de 98,8% das orientações terapêuticas propostas, com predomínio do nível de consenso elevado, sendo que, apenas duas orientações terapêuticas não obtiveram consenso e nenhuma reuniu critérios de exclusão. As orientações terapêuticas consensualizadas para os sintomas anorexia, dor, diarreia e obstipação, associados ao tratamento de quimioterapia encontram-se essencialmente dirigidas para a gestão dos regimes dietético, medicamentoso e atividade física. Conclusão: As orientações terapêuticas consensualizadas pelo grupo de peritos poderão contribuir para a aquisição de capacidades que permitam à pessoa assegurar o seu autocuidado da forma mais autónoma possível, capacitando-a no processo de autogestão dos sintomas anorexia, dor, diarreia e obstipação, associados ao tratamento de quimioterapia.

Fracture of the posteromedial talar process (Cedell fracture) is a rare injury and is easily misdiagnosed as a simple ankle sprain. Suspicion should be heightened if specific mechanisms of injury are present, and, in these cases, a CT scan should be performed. Significant ankle pain and disability can result if these injuries are not identified and treated properly. Few cases have been described in the literature, and the efficacy of surgical techniques and approaches for fractures of the posterior talar process remains controversial. We report a 56-year-old man with an acute posteromedial talar fracture treated arthroscopically. This approach provides good access to the posterior ankle compartment, subtalar joint, and extraarticular structures, which may allow fracture reduction and fixation under arthroscopic visualization. Level of Evidence V; Therapeutic Studies; Expert Opinion.

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil de saúde de idosos da comunidade e identificar os domínios do processo de autogestão da doença para intervenções de enfermagem. Método: estudo misto, integrando 48 participantes de Porto, Portugal entre setembro/2018 e julho/2019. Foi utilizado um formulário para avaliação de doenças e variáveis relacionadas com a saúde, e uma entrevista semiestruturada centrada na autogestão da doença crônica. Os dados qualitativos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: 93,7% dos participantes apresentam comorbidades, destacando-se as doenças cardiovasculares e endócrinas. Das entrevistas, emergiram três temas: Domínio na gestão de medicamentos; Dificuldade de se comportar sempre de forma saudável; Importância de uma relação estreita e de confiança com os profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: evidenciaram-se as necessidades de autogestão das pessoas idosas que podem ser minimizadas com intervenções dos enfermeiros, destacando as áreas a intervir e estratégias a utilizar nos programas dirigidos à promoção da saúde.

Liver damage is a common issue associated with synthetic cathinones abuse. Indeed, human stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) have been used as alternative in vitro models for hepatotoxicity studies, due to their ability to maintain a stable hepatic-specific phenotype. Furthermore, all cathinone derivatives are chiral, and their biological effects can differ for each enantiomer. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and metabolism of pentedrone and methylone enantiomers using HLC models. Human neonatal mesenchymal stem cells were differentiated into HLCs by a three-step differentiation protocol and maintained under 2D and 3D culture conditions. Subsequently, pentedrone and methylone enantiomers were isolated by HPLC using a chiral stationary phase. Cell viability was evaluated through the CellTiter-Glo assay and the formation of methylone and pentedrone metabolites was analyzed by GS-MS. The racemates of pentedrone and methylone exhibited potential hepatotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner in both models. Different cytotoxic profiles for pentedrone enantiomers were observed in HLC 3D, with R-(-)-pentedrone being the most cytotoxic. Concerning HLC 2D metabolic assays, S-(-)-methylone was preferentially metabolized via N-demethylation, whereas R-(+)-methylone was metabolized by O-demethylation and N-hydroxylation. However, in HLC 3D assays, R-(+)-methylone was preferentially metabolized by all metabolic pathways, except for O-demethylation. Regarding pentedrone enantiomers, the metabolic pathways studied were more pronounced for R-(-)-pentedrone, namely N-demethylation and β-keto reduction in both models. Overall, this study revealed stereoselectivity in cytotoxicity and metabolism pathways for pentedrone and methylone.

The effect of fairy shrimp “branchoneta” as the first exogenous feed for tambaqui postlarvae was evaluated. A hundred and eighty larvae were distributed in 12 aquariums, containing 1.5L of water and the stocking density was 10 larvae per liter. The trials lasted for 20 days and postlarvae were submitted to three diets (T1: Commercial feed, T2: branchoneta, and T3: Commercial feed with branchoneta), with a completely randomized design with four replicates for each treatment. During the trials, the water quality parameters were kept within ideal conditions for the species. The tambaqui postlarvae submitted to T2 and T3 showed better survival rates respectively. Regarding the postlarval development, larvae fed with only branchoneta had a better final weight (3.48 mg), daily weight gain (0.14 mg day-1), and the best specific growth rate (8.62%). The results also showed that the tambaqui postlarvae fed with only commercial feed developed less efficiently due to lower rates of survival and growth. The present study indicates that the branchoneta promoted greater development and survival rates of the tambaqui postlarvae and therefore, it presents good potential as a live food for the species.

Previous research identified emotion dysregulation, non-responsive feeding practices, and unhealthy food consumption as risk factors for childhood obesity. However, little is known about the relationships between these factors. This study examined associations between children’s emotion regulation, parental feeding practices, and children’s food consumption. The sample consisted of 163 mothers of children aged 3–5 years. Mothers completed the Emotion Regulation Checklist, the Child Feeding Questionnaire, and the Child Health Section from the Parent Interview of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-B to assess model variables. Results showed that healthy food consumption was associated with higher emotion regulation abilities, higher monitoring, and lower pressure to eat. For unhealthy food consumption, the associations were in opposite directions. Higher emotion regulation abilities were also associated with higher monitoring, lower pressure to eat, and lower restriction. For lability, the associations were in opposite directions. Regression analyses revealed that children’s lability, pressure to eat, and monitoring were significant predictors of children’s food consumption. These findings suggest that children’s emotion regulation and feeding practices are important determinants of children’s food consumption. Future longitudinal studies that examine bidirectional associations between children’s emotion regulation, parental feeding practices, children’s food consumption, and potential mechanisms accounting for these associations are needed.

Lipophilicity is one of many parameters involved in the biological activity of drugs, as it affects their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior. Generally, lipophilicity is assessed by the partition coefficient of a compound between a nonpolar phase (n-octanol) and an aqueous phase (water), expressed as P (partition coefficient) or as its decimal logarithm (Log P). The gold standard method for the experimental determination of Log P is the shake-flask method. In this context, chromatographic methods enable the direct and simple quantification of the partitioned compound between the two phases. This review discusses the use of liquid chromatography (LC) for direct and indirect determination of lipophilicity. Beyond the classical isotropic log P determination, methods for assessing anisotropic lipophilicity are also reviewed. Several examples are discussed that highlight the versatility of LC technique and current trends. The last section of this review focuses on a case study describing an experience of our group and emphasizing the dual role of LC in determining Log P.

A pessoa com doença oncológica é muitas vezes confrontada com tratamentos de quimioterapia que despoletam sintomas específicos, que a pessoa tem de gerir para a manutenção da sua qualidade de vida. Assim, torna-se primordial a promoção de conhecimentos e habilidades que capacitem a pessoa para a autogestão dos sintomas e das complicações associadas ao tratamento, e apoiem o processo de tomada de decisão em saúde. Objetivo: Explorar o estado atual do conhecimento científico sobre as orientações terapêuticas que promovam a autogestão dos sintomas alopécia, alterações da pele, sexualidade e distúrbios urinários na pessoa submetida a quimioterapia. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura de artigos das bases de dados MEDLINE® e CINAHL®, construindo o protocolo de revisão e alargou-se ainda a pesquisa à literatura cinzenta. Resultados: Após a pesquisa, foram selecionados nove artigos para alopécia, dos 140 encontrados, 14 artigos para as alterações da pele, dos 91 encontrados, treze artigos para a sexualidade, dos 52 encontrados, e para os distúrbios urinários quatro artigos, dos 53 encontrados. Do mesmo modo, da pesquisa em outras fontes de informação, foram selecionados cinco documentos para alopécia, oito para as alterações da pele, cinco para as alterações da sexualidade e sete documentos para os distúrbios urinários. Conclusão: As orientações terapêuticas desenvolvidas para os quatro sintomas em estudo, demonstram ser uma ferramenta útil no desenvolvimento das competências de autogestão da sintomatologia experienciada aquando do tratamento de quimioterapia, contribuindo para o empoderamento da pessoa, apoiando o processo de decisão, e melhorando ainda a sua perceção de qualidade de vida e bem-estar.

Children acquire and develop emotional regulatory skills in the context of parent-child attachment relationships, nonetheless empirical studies have focused mainly on mother and less information is available regarding the role of both parent-child attachment relationships. Furthermore, despite its importance, there is no information regarding preschool years. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the potential influences of both mother-child and father-child attachments on preschooler's later emotion regulation observed in the peer group. Fifty-three Portuguese nuclear families (mother, father and focal child) participated in the study; 47% of the children were boys and 53% were girls. Attachment Security was assessed at home using the Attachment Behavior Q-set when children were 3 years of age, and emotion regulation was observed in the preschool classrooms attended by the children at age 5, using the California child Q-sort to derive an Emotion Regulation Q-Scale. Results showed that the combined influence of both parent-child attachment security predicted better emotion regulation results, than did the specific contributions of each parent per se. Findings are consistent with integrative approaches that highlight the value of including both mother- and father-child attachment relationships, as well as their combined effect, when studying emotion regulation.

Introduction: Over the last 50 years, postgraduate training within the scope of specialization in Rehabilitation Nursing has followed a path of technical and disciplinary development in order to anticipate societal challenges. In the last decade, we have had a training model in use that will be replaced by the training model published in March 2021 by the Portuguese Order of Nurses. Objective: To analyze the results related to the last decade of the training process considering the specific competences of specialist nurses in rehabilitation nursing. Methodology: Case study of mixed nature: quantitative for the results of the learning process and qualitative for the organizational processes. In the quantitative evaluation, the average scores were calculated from a 5-point Likert scale (where 1 represents the worst opinion and 5 the best opinion). Data were collected from public reports of specialization and master degree of a nursing education institution in the North of Portugal. Presentation and interpretation of results: Between the academic years 2009/2010 and 2019/2020, 289 students completed the Specialization course in Rehabilitation Nursing, and 64 students completed the Master's Degree in Rehabilitation Nursing. There is evidence of an approximation of the curricular units to the specific competences of Rehabilitation Nurses and an average assessment performed by students of 4 for interest, 3.7 for functioning and 4.2 for teachers. Conclusion: The results show the specialization course in rehabilitation nursing as a successful training and framed in the legislative articulations of the competences of specialists in rehabilitation nursing, as well as a very positive global average assessment of the learning processes.

There is a lack of knowledge regarding the connection between parental emotional responsiveness and children’s executive functioning (EF). This study aimed to explore the relations between caregivers’ reactions to their children’s distress and children’s EF. Mothers of 136 preschoolers reported their reactions to their children’s negative emotions using the Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale. Children’s EF was assessed through the mothers and teachers’ reports using the Behavioral Inventory of Executive Functioning for Preschool Children. Results showed that the mothers’ perceived use of negative emotional regulation responses (i.e., punitive and minimizing reactions) was associated with lower levels of EF in children, as reported by both mothers and teachers. The association between the mothers’ use of positive emotional regulation responses (i.e., problem-focused, emotion-focused, and expressive encouragement reactions) and children’s EF was not significant. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the mothers’ use of negative emotional regulation responses accounted for significant proportions of variance in EF indexes. These findings suggest that parental socialization of emotion could be important for children’s EF. Specifically, caregivers’ negative emotional regulation responses to children’s distress may serve as a risk factor for poorer EF in children. Efforts to improve children’s EF may be more effective when parental emotional responsiveness to their distress is considered.

Oceans are a rich source of structurally unique bioactive compounds from the perspective of potential therapeutic agents. Marine peptides are a particularly interesting group of secondary metabolites because of their chemistry and wide range of biological activities. Among them, cyclic peptides exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities, including against bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. Moreover, there are several examples of marine cyclic peptides revealing interesting antimicrobial activities against numerous drug-resistant bacteria and fungi, making these compounds a very promising resource in the search for novel antimicrobial agents to revert multidrug-resistance. This review summarizes 174 marine cyclic peptides with antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, or antiviral properties. These natural products were categorized according to their sources—sponges, mollusks, crustaceans, crabs, marine bacteria, and fungi—and chemical structure—cyclic peptides and depsipeptides. The antimicrobial activities, including against drug-resistant microorganisms, unusual structural characteristics, and hits more advanced in (pre)clinical studies, are highlighted. Nocathiacins I–III (91–93), unnarmicins A (114) and C (115), sclerotides A (160) and B (161), and plitidepsin (174) can be highlighted considering not only their high antimicrobial potency in vitro, but also for their promising in vivo results. Marine cyclic peptides are also interesting models for molecular modifications and/or total synthesis to obtain more potent compounds, with improved properties and in higher quantity. Solid-phase Fmoc- and Boc-protection chemistry is the major synthetic strategy to obtain marine cyclic peptides with antimicrobial properties, and key examples are presented guiding microbiologist and medicinal chemists to the discovery of new antimicrobial drug candidates from marine sources.

O tratamento de quimioterapia provoca um conjunto de sintomas adversos, com repercussões significativas no bem-estar e qualidade de vida da pessoa, fazendo emergir necessidades específicas em cuidados de saúde. Objetivo: Identificar a produção científica sobre as orientações terapêuticas de suporte à autogestão dos sintomas anorexia, dor, diarreia e obstipação, associados ao tratamento de quimioterapia. Método: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de artigos das bases de dados MEDLINE® e CINAHL®, alargando a pesquisa a fontes de informação secundária. Apresentação dos resultados e discussão: Com base nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram incluídos na revisão 50 estudos/documentos, publicados entre 2008 e 2018. As orientações terapêuticas identificadas centram-se no aconselhamento nutricional, a introdução de modificações dietéticas, a prática de exercício, as terapias alternativas, como a acupuntura, e as terapias cognitivo-comportamentais. Conclusão: As orientações terapêuticas identificadas nesta revisão podem contribuir para a aquisição de conhecimentos e habilidades que permitam à pessoa assegurar o seu autocuidado, empoderando-a no processo de autogestão dos sintomas anorexia, dor, diarreia e obstipação, associados ao tratamento de quimioterapia.

A presente revisão sistemática da literatura incide sobre o efeito de intervenções pedagógicas junto de crianças de 11 a 14 anos, com o objetivo de aperfeiçoar a competência comunicativa oral (CCO). Com base nas questões de investigação, foram pesquisados, na base de dados SCOPUS, artigos publicados entre 2009 e 2019. Cumprindo os critérios de seleção estabelecidos, foram incluídos artigos científicos completos e disponíveis gratuitamente; artigos de pesquisa original ou de revisão de literatura, que relatam intervenção no domínio da oralidade, em língua materna e não materna. Os estudos utilizaram pelo menos um instrumento padronizado. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da leitura crítica e da seleção dos resultados, tendo dois artigos cumprido os critérios de inclusão. Ambos apresentam resultados positivos na expressão oral dos alunos, associados à utilização de programas de intervenção que combinam a promoção de variáveis envolvidas na CCO. Os dois estudos almejaram a melhoria dos resultados ao nível da expressão oral dos alunos, mas também da leitura e da escrita, com base na prática de estratégias de metacognição e metacomunicação em sala de aula. Os estudos com enfoque no exercício e avaliação da CCO são residuais, sendo urgente que se realize investigação no domínio.