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Focused ultrasound (FUS) is a promising method to open the blood brain barrier (BBB) for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Accurate targeting is essential for a successful BBB opening (BBBo). We aim to develop a robust therapy planning for BBBo in mice, which is challenging due to the size of the brain and the influence of the skull on the ultrasound pressure distribution. For enabling mouse individual therapy planning, a simulation tool is proposed, developed and validated. We used the k-Wave toolbox to enable 3D acoustic simulations of the commercial FUS system from Image Guided Therapy (IGT). Micro-CT scans were used to model the geometry of skulls. Simulations using a mouse skull showed an attenuation of approx. 20–24% depending on the position of penetration, which was validated by hydrophone measurements in the same range. Based on these validations we planned BBBo in m ice by placing the transducer at different positions over the mouse brain and varying the excitation amplitude. With different transducer positions, the peak pressure in the brain varied between 0.54 MPa and 0.62 MPa at 11% output level, which is expected to enable safe BBBo. Subsequently, in vivo experiments were conducted using the aforementioned simulation parameters. BBBo was confirmed by contrast enhanced T1 weighted magnetic resonance images immediately after sonication.

Review of The Greek New Testament, Produced at Tyndale House Cambridge. Edited by Dirk Jongkind, Peter J. Williams, Peter M. Head, and Patrick James. Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.

Cardiac arrhythmias are a widely spread disease in industrialized countries. A common clinical treatment for this disease is radiofrequency ablation (RFA), in which high frequency alternating current creates a lesion on the myocardium. However, the formation of the lesion is not entirely understood. To obtain more information about ablation lesions (ALs) and their electrophysiological properties, we established an in-vitro setup to record electrical activity of rat myocardium. Electrical activity is measured by a circular shaped multielectrode array. This work was focused to gain more information by developing algorithms to process the measured electrical signals to collect different features, which may allow us to characterize an AL. First, pacing artefacts were detected and blanked. Subsequently, data were filtered. Afterwards, activations in atrial signals were detected using a non-linear energy operator (NLEO) and templates of these activations were generated. Finally, we determined different features on each activation in order to evaluate changes of unipolar as well as bipolar electrograms and considered these features before and after ablation. In conclusion, the majority of the signal features delivered significant differences between normal tissue and lesion. Among others, a reduction in peak to peak amplitude and a diminished spectral power in the band 0 to 100 Hz may be useful indicators for AL. These criteria should be verified in future studies with the aim of estimating indirectly the formation of a lesion.

The content of 24 fictional bibliotherapeutic children's books (12 German and 12 U.S.) were analyzed for divorce themes. G. Airport's (1979) statistics were used to categorize the results. Emic and etic themes were uncovered.

This report describes the data collected during one of a series of Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) remote sensing and calibration and validation (Cal/Val) campaigns, providing data and information for the development of models of coast types and their associated environmental factors. Models allow rapid processing of hyperspectral imagery (HSI), generating shallow water bathymetric charts and trafficability maps. Cal/Val data collected during the Mariana Islands Hyperspectral Airborne Remote Environmental Sensing 2010 (MIHARES 2010) campaign focused on spectral and geotechnical library development, bathymetry, and location of WWII remnant hazards on Pagan, Tinian, and Guam. Ground control data collected during the remote sensing experiment will be useful in building digital elevation models and maps for remote areas such as Pagan, a volcanic island in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Surveyed calibration panels, WWII relics, and underwater panels are all useful in developing anomaly detection algorithms. The primary purpose of this memorandum report is to summarize imagery collections and all Cal/Val data and the project geodatabase, with products described in future publications.

This report describes the data collected during one of a series of NRL remote sensing and calibration and validation (Cal/Val) campaigns, providing data and information for the development of models of coast types and their associated environmental factors for use in rapidly processing hyperspectral imagery (HSI) and generating shallow water bathymetric charts and trafficability maps. This report documents data that was collected during a remote sensing campaign that was conducted from May 18 to 29, 2009 at the Shoalwater Bay Training Area (SWBTA) located in Australia along a tropical stretch of the Queensland coast. Airborne collections from the HyMap (trademark) sensor were used to build shallow water bathymetric charts and trafficability maps that were provided to military planners during Exercise Talisman-Saber 2009, which was conducted primarily in Australia and surrounding waters from July 13 to 16, 2009. This report details both the airborne HyMap imagery collected as well as the ground and water spectral and geotechnical data collected to calibrate and validate the products developed in support of the exercise.

Over the past three years, the Naval Research Laboratory has conducted three remote sensing campaigns in regions which included barrier island, coral, and mangrove coastal characteristics. These investigations were conducted at the Virginia Coast Reserve during September 2007, in and around Kaneohe and Waimanalo Bays during January and February 2009, and along the Queensland coast in Australia during May 2009. During each of the studies, hyperspectral imagery (HSI) was acquired over the site in conjunction with both land and water spectral and geotechnical measurements. For coastal classification, such as retrievals of bottom reflectance, bathymetry, beach composition, and vegetation type, subtle variations in spectral properties of physical and biological features are often significant. Beach composition in these coast types differed dramatically due to the origin of the sands. These findings suggest the need to develop models specific to a particular coast type.

Elicited imitation is often used to measure the linguistic performance of elementary school children. Conflicting results have been reported regarding the effect of context vs no context on children's elicited imitation behavior. In the present study, Carrow's Elicited Language Inventory was administered in its standardized form and in an experimental form using discourse cues to 8 boys and 1 girl who were language-disordered. Ages ranged from 5:4 to 7:11. Significant differences were noted in linguistic performance, as measured by accuracy of imitation, between pragmatic context and no-context conditions of test. The findings indicated that the pragmatic context improved linguistic accuracy of imitation for the language-disordered children. Diagnostic implications are discussed.

Bei wachsenden Ratten werden die Folgen einer Vitamin D-Uberdosierung auf Wachstum und Befinden durch reichliche, aber ungiftige A-Dosen verhutet. Diese Befunde stellen die Frage zur Diskussion, ob es in der Humanmedizin vorteilhafter ist, D zusammen mit A in der Form von Lebertran oder A-D-Mischpraparaten an Stelle reiner D-Losungen zu verabreichen.