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1. SNAP telescope

Author

Lampton, Michael L., Akerlof, C.W., Aldering, G., Amanullah, R., Astier, P., Barrelet, E., Bebek, C., Bergstrom, L., Bercovitz, J., Bernstein, G., Bester, M., Bonissent, A., Bower, C., Carithers Jr., W.C., Commins, E.D., Day, C., Deustua, S.E., DiGennaro, R., Ealet, A., Ellis, R.S., Eriksson, M., Fruchter, A., Genat, J.-F., Goldhaber, G., Goobar, A., Groom, D., Harris, S.E., Harvey, P.R., Heetderks, H.D., Holland, S.E., Huterer, D., Karcher, A., Kim, A.G., Kolbe, W., Krieger, B., Lafever, R., Lamoureux, J., Levi, M.E., Levin, D.S., Linder, E.V., Loken, S.C., Malina, R., Massey, R., McKay, T., McKee, S.P., Miquel, R., Mortsell, E., Mostek, N., Mufson, S., Musser, J., Nugent, P., Oluseyi, H., Pain, R., Palaio, N., Pankow, D., Perlmutter, S., Pratt, R., Prieto, E., Refregier, A., Rhodes, J., Robinson, K., Roe, N., Sholl, M., Schubnell, M., Smadja, G., Smoot, G., Spadafora, A., Tarle, G., Tomasch, A., von der Lippe, H., Vincent, R., Walder, J.-P., and Wang, G.

Subjects
Classical and quantum mechanics, general physics
Published
2002

2. Overview of the SuperNova/Acceleration probe (SNAP)

Author

Aldering, Gregory L., Akerlof, C.W., Amanullah, R., Astier, P., Barrelet, E., Bebek, C., Bergstrom, L., Bercovitz, J., Bernstein, G.M., Bester, M., Bonissent, A., Bower, C.R., Carithers Jr., W.C., Commins, E.D., Day, C., Deustua, S.E., DiGennaro, R., Ealet, A., Ellis, R.S., Eriksson, M., Fruchter, A., Genat, J-F., Goldhaber, G., Goobar, A., Groom, D., Harris, S.E., Harvey, P.R.D, Heetderks, H.D., Holland, S.E., Huterer, D., Karcher, A., Kim, A.G., Kolbe, W., Krieger, B., Lafever, R., Lamoureux, J., Lampton, M.L., Levi, M.E., Levin, D.S., Linder, E.V., Loken, S.C., Malina, R., Massey, R., McKay, T., McKee, S.P., Miquel, R., Mortsell, E., Mostek, N., Mufson, S., Musser, J.A., Nugent, P.E., Oluseyi, H., Pain, R., Palaio, N., Pankow, D.H., Perlmutter, S., Pratt, R., Prieto, E., Refregier, A., Rhodes, J., Robinson, K.E., Roe, N., Sholl, M., Schubnell, M., Smadja, G., Smoot, G., Spadafora, A., Tarle, G., Tomasch, A., von der Lippe, H., Vincent, D., Walder, J., and Wang, G.

Subjects
Classical and quantum mechanics, general physics
Published
2002

3. An integral field spectrograph for SNAP supernova studies

Author

Ealet, Anne, Prieto, E., Bonissent, A., Malina, R., Basa, S., LeFevre, O., Mazure, A., Tarle, G., Akerlof, C.W., Aldering, G., Amidei, D.E., Astier, P., Baden, A.R., Bebek, C., Bergstrom, L., Bernstein, G.M., Bower, C.R., Campbell, M., Carithers Jr., W.C., Commins, E.D., Curtis, D.W., Deustua, S.E., Edwards, W.R., Ellis, R.S., Fruchter, A., Frye, B.L., Genat, J., Goldhaber, G., Goobar, A., Goodman, J.A., Graham, J.R., Hardin, D., Harris, S.E., Harvey, P.R., Heetderks, H.D., Honeycutt, R., Holland, S.E., Hook, I., Huterer, D., Kasen, D.N., Kim, A.G., Knop, R.A., Lafever, R., Lampton, M.L., Levi, M.E., Levin, D.S., Levy, J.M., Lidman, C., Lin, R.P., Linder, E.V., Loken, S.C., McKay, T., McKee, S.P., Metzger, M.R., Miquel, R., Mourao, A., Mufson, S., Musser, J.A., Nugent, P.E., Pain, R., Pankow, D.H., Pennypacker, C.R., Perlmutter, S., Refregier, A., Rich, J., Robinson, K.E., Schahmaneche, K., Schubnell, M.S., Spadafora, A., Smoot, G.F., Sullivan, G.W., Tomasch, A.D., and SNAP Collaboration

Subjects
Classical and quantum mechanics, general physics
Published
2002

4. SNAP focal plane

Author

Lampton, Michael L., Kim, A., Akerlof, C.W., Aldering, G., Amanullah, R., Astier, P., Barrelet, E., Bebek, C., Bergstrom, L., Berkovitz, J., Bernstein, G., Bester, M., Bonissent, A., Bower, C., Carithers Jr., W.C., Commins, E.D., Day, C., Deustua, S.E., DiGennaro, R., Ealet, A., Ellis, R.S., Eriksson, M., Fruchter, A., Genat, J.-F., Goldhaber, G., Goobar, A., Groom, D., Harris, S.E., Harvey, P.R., Heetderks, H.D., Holland, S.E., Huterer, D., Karcher, A., Kolbe, W., Krieger, B., Lafever, R., Lamoureux, J., Levi, M.E., Levin, D.S., Linder, E.V., Loken, S.C., Malina, R., Massey, R., McKay, T., McKee, S.P., Miquel, R., Mortsell, E., Mostek, N., Mufson, S., Musser, J., Nugent, P., Oluseyi, H., Pain, R., Palaio, N., Pankow, D., Perlmutter, S., Pratt, R., Prieto, E., Refregier, A., Rhodes, J., Robinson, K., Roe, N., Sholl, M., Schubnell, M., Smadja, G., Smoot, G., Spadafora, A., Tarle, G., Tomasch, A., von der Lippe, H., Vincent, R., Walder, J.-P., and Wang, G.

Subjects
Classical and quantum mechanics, general physics
Published
2002

5. Wide-field surveys from the SNAP mission

Author

Kim, Alex G., Akerlof, C.W., Aldering, G., Amanullah, R., Astier, P., Barrelet, E., Bebek, C., Bergstrom, L., Bercovitz, J., Bernstein, G., Bester, M., Bonissent, A., Bower, C., Carithers Jr., W.C., Commins, E.D., Day, C., Deustua, S.E., DiGennaro, R., Ealet, A., Ellis, R.S., Eriksson, M., Fruchter, A., Genat, J.-F., Goldhaber, G., Goobar, A., Groom, D., Harris, S.E., Harvey, P.R., Heetderks, H.D., Holland, S.E., Huterer, D., Karcher, A., Kolbe, W., Krieger, B., Lafever, R., Lamoureux, J., Levi, M.E., Levin, D.S., Linder, E.V., Loken, S.C., Malina, R., Massey, R., McKay, T., McKee, S.P., Miquel, R., Mortsell, E., Mostek, N., Mufson, S., Musser, J., Nugent, P., Oluseyi, H., Pain, R., Palaio, N., Pankow, D., Perlmutter, S., Pratt, R., Prieto, E., Refregier, A., Rhodes, J., Robinson, K., Roe, N., Sholl, M., Schubnell, M., Smadja, G., Smoot, G., Spadafora, A., Tarle, G., Tomasch, A., von der Lippe, H., Vincent, R., Walder, J.-P., and Wang, G.

Subjects
Physics of elementary particles and fields
Published
2002

7. LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: WILL XENOTRANSPLANTATION BE THE ANSWER TO THE DONOR ORGAN SHORTAGE?

Author

Carithers Jr., Robert L.

Subjects
Articles
Abstract

Since the first report of a successful liver transplant in 1968, access to this operation has dramatically improved. In 2018, 8,250 patients underwent liver transplantation in the United States. Despite this remarkable advance, a persistent shortage of donor organs remains the primary obstacle to optimal utilization of this life-saving operation. Over the past two decades, transplant professionals have pursued two broad strategies to overcome this roadblock: increasing the number of donor organs and decreasing the number of patients requiring transplantation through advances in medical interventions. Despite these efforts, more than 13,500 patients remained on liver transplant waiting lists at the end of 2018. Almost 1,200 died while waiting, and 1,350 were removed from wait lists because they had become too sick to survive the operation. Clearly, a dramatic new approach to the donor organ shortage is needed. One effort, first attempted by surgeons in the 1960s, was to utilize donor organs from other species (xenotransplantation). The major obstacle to xenotransplantation acceptance has been the fear of transmitting new infectious diseases from animals to humans. As the twentieth century came to a close, national moratoria on xenotransplantation ended both research and clinical activities in this field. The recent discoveries that modern gene-editing techniques can be used to eliminate the retrovirus that is ubiquitous in pigs and that retrovirus-free pigs can be cloned has reopened the possibility that xenotransplantation may be a potentially game-changing approach to eliminating the donor shortage for liver and other solid organ transplant recipients. In response to these advances, the FDA has released comprehensive industry guidelines regarding all aspects of xenotransplantation. This release has resulted in numerous preclinical studies in which organs from genetically modified pigs are transplanted into various nonhuman primates (NHPs). Use of a variety of gene-editing and immunosuppressive techniques has greatly increased the survival of recipient animals in the past few years. Survival of NHP renal transplant recipients has been extended to 435 days, functional cardiac transplant recipients to 195 days, and liver transplant recipients to 29 days. Current research studies using various gene modification strategies combined with newer immunosuppressive protocols are attempting to further extend the survival of these experimental animals. These encouraging results have raised the possibility that clinical xenotransplantation in humans is just beyond the horizon. The most likely candidates for initial clinical studies probably will be kidney transplant recipients who are difficult to crossmatch for human organs, neonates with severe congenital heart disease, and liver transplant candidates with acute liver failure.

Published
2020

10. LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: WILL XENOTRANSPLANTATION BE THE ANSWER TO THE DONOR ORGAN SHORTAGE?

Author

Carithers Jr., Jr. Robert L.

Subjects
LIVER transplantation, XENOTRANSPLANTATION, ORGAN donors, SURGEONS, IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE agents
Abstract

Since the first report of a successful liver transplant in 1968, access to this operation has dramatically improved. In 2018, 8,250 patients underwent liver transplantation in the United States. Despite this remarkable advance, a persistent shortage of donor organs remains the primary obstacle to optimal utilization of this life-saving operation. Over the past two decades, transplant professionals have pursued two broad strategies to overcome this roadblock: increasing the number of donor organs and decreasing the number of patients requiring transplantation through advances in medical interventions. Despite these efforts, more than 13,500 patients remained on liver transplant waiting lists at the end of 2018. Almost 1,200 died while waiting, and 1,350 were removed from wait lists because they had become too sick to survive the operation. Clearly, a dramatic new approach to the donor organ shortage is needed. One effort, first attempted by surgeons in the 1960s, was to utilize donor organs from other species (xenotransplantation). The major obstacle to xenotransplantation acceptance has been the fear of transmitting new infectious diseases from animals to humans. As the twentieth century came to a close, national moratoria on xenotransplantation ended both research and clinical activities in this field. The recent discoveries that modern gene-editing techniques can be used to eliminate the retrovirus that is ubiquitous in pigs and that retrovirus-free pigs can be cloned has reopened the possibility that xenotransplantation may be a potentially game-changing approach to eliminating the donor shortage for liver and other solid organ transplant recipients. In response to these advances, the FDA has released comprehensive industry guidelines regarding all aspects of xenotransplantation. This release has resulted in numerous preclinical studies in which organs from genetically modified pigs are transplanted into various nonhuman primates (NHPs). Use of a variety of gene-editing and immunosuppressive techniques has greatly increased the survival of recipient animals in the past few years. Survival of NHP renal transplant recipients has been extended to 435 days, functional cardiac transplant recipients to 195 days, and liver transplant recipients to 29 days. Current research studies using various gene modification strategies combined with newer immunosuppressive protocols are attempting to further extend the survival of these experimental animals. These encouraging results have raised the possibility that clinical xenotransplantation in humans is just beyond the horizon. The most likely candidates for initial clinical studies probably will be kidney transplant recipients who are difficult to crossmatch for human organs, neonates with severe congenital heart disease, and liver transplant candidates with acute liver failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020

13. SNAP Telescope

Author

Michael J. Sholl, Michael L. Lampton, Greg Aldering, W. Althouse, R. Amanullah, James T. Annis, Pierre Astier, Charles Baltay, E. Barrelet, Stephane Basa, Christopher J. Bebek, Lars Bergstrom, Gary Bernstein, Manfred Bester, Bruce C. Bigelow, Roger Blandford, Ralph C. Bohlin, Alain Bonissent, Charles R. Bower, Mark L. Brown, Myron Campbell, William C. Carithers, Jr., Eugene D. Commins, W. Craig, C. Day, F. DeJongh, Susana E. Deustua, T. Diehl, S. Dodelson, Anne Ealet, Richard S. Ellis, W. Emmet, D. Fouchez, Josh Frieman, Andrew Fruchter, D. Gerdes, L. Gladney, Gerson Goldhaber, Ariel Goobar, Donald E. Groom, Henry D. Heetderks, M. Hoff, Stephen E. Holland, M. Huffer, L. Hui, Dragan Huterer, B. Jain, Patrick N. Jelinsky, Armin Karcher, Steven M. Kahn, Steven M. Kent, Alex G. Kim, William F. Kolbe, B. Krieger, G. Kushner, N. Kuznetsova, Robin E. Lafever, J. I. Lamoureux, Olivier Le Fevre, Michael E. Levi, P. Limon, Huan Lin, Eric V. Linder, Stewart C. Loken, W. Lorenzon, Roger Malina, J. Marriner, P. Marshall, R. Massey, Alain Mazure, Timothy A. McKay, Shawn P. McKee, Ramon Miquel, Nicholas Morgan, E. M÷rtsell, Nick Mostek, Stuart Mufson, J. A. Musser, Peter E. Nugent, Hakeem M. Oluseyi, Reynald Pain, Nick P. Palaio, David H. Pankow, John Peoples, Jr., Saul Perlmutter, Eric Prieto, David Rabinowitz, Alexandre Refregier, Jason Rhodes, Natalie A. Roe, D. Rusin, V. Scarpine, Michael S. Schubnell, G‰rard Smadja, Roger M. Smith, George F. Smoot, Jeffrey A. Snyder, Anthony Spadafora, A. Stebbins, Christopher Stoughton, Andrew Szymkowiak, Gregory Tarl‰, Keith Taylor, A. Tilquin, Andrew D. Tomasch, Douglas Tucker, D. Vincent, Henrik von der Lippe, Jean-Pierre Walder, Guobin Wang, W. Wester, and Mather, John C.

Subjects
Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Mission requirements, the baseline design, and optical systems budgets for the SuperNova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) telescope are presented. SNAP is a proposed space-based experiment designed to study dark energy and alternate explanations of the acceleration of the universe’s expansion by performing a series of complementary systematics-controlled astrophysical measurements. The goals of the mission are a Type Ia supernova Hubble diagram and a wide-field weak gravitational lensing survey. A 2m widefield three-mirror telescope feeds a focal plane consisting of 36 CCDs and 36 HgCdTe detectors and a high-efficiency, low resolution integral field spectrograph. Details of the maturing optical system, with emphasis on structural stability during terrestrial testing as well as expected environments during operations at L2 are discussed. The overall stray light mitigation system, including illuminated surfaces and visible objects are also presented.

Published
2004

14. An integral field spectrograph for SNAP

Author

Anne Ealet, Eric Prieto, Alain Bonissent, Roger Malina, G‰rard Smadja, A. Tilquin, Gary Bernstein, Stephane Basa, D. Fouchez, Olivier Le Fevre, Alain Mazure, Greg Aldering, R. Amanullah, Pierre Astier, E. Barrelet, Christopher J. Bebek, Lars Bergstrom, Manfred Bester, Roger Blandford, Ralph C. Bohlin, Charles R. Bower, Mark L. Brown, Myron Campbell, William C. Carithers, Jr., Eugene D. Commins, W. Craig, C. Day, F. DeJongh, Susana E. Deustua, H. T. Diehl, S. Dodelson, Richard S. Ellis, M. Emmet, Josh Frieman, Andrew Fruchter, D. Gerdes, L. Gladney, Gerson Goldhaber, Ariel Goobar, Donald E. Groom, Henry D. Heetderks, M. Hoff, Stephen E. Holland, M. Huffer, L. Hui, Dragan Huterer, B. Jain, Patrick N. Jelinsky, Armin Karcher, Steven M. Kent, Steven M. Kahn, Alex G. Kim, William F. Kolbe, B. Krieger, G. Kushner, N. Kuznetsova, Robin E. Lafever, J. I. Lamoureux, Michael L. Lampton, Michael E. Levi, P. Limon, Huan Lin, Eric V. Linder, Stewart C. Loken, W. Lorenzon, J. Marriner, P. Marshall, R. Massey, Timothy A. McKay, Shawn P. McKee, Ramon Miquel, Nicholas Morgan, E. M÷rtsell, Nick Mostek, Stuart Mufson, J. A. Musser, Peter E. Nugent, Hakeem M. Oluseyi, Reynald Pain, Nick P. Palaio, David H. Pankow, John Peoples, Jr., Saul Perlmutter, David Rabinowitz, Alexandre Refregier, Jason Rhodes, Natalie A. Roe, D. Rusin, V. Scarpine, Michael S. Schubnell, Michael J. Sholl, Roger M. Smith, George F. Smoot, Jeffrey A. Snyder, Anthony Spadafora, A. Stebbins, Christopher Stoughton, Andrew Szymkowiak, Gregory Tarl‰, Keith Taylor, Andrew D. Tomasch, Douglas Tucker, Henrik von der Lippe, D. Vincent, Jean-Pierre Walder, Guobin Wang, W. Wester, and Mather, John C.

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Measure (physics), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Redshift, Acceleration, Optics, Integral field spectrograph, Calibration, Joint Dark Energy Mission, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Spectral resolution, business, Spectrograph, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

A well-adapted visible and infrared spectrograph has been developed for the SNAP (SuperNova/Acceleration Probe) experiment proposed for JDEM. The primary goal of this instrument is to ensure the control of Type Ia supernovae. The spectrograph is also a key element for calibration and is able to measure redshift of some thousands of galaxy spectra both in visible and IR. An instrument based on an integral field method with the powerful concept of imager slicing has been designed and is presented. We present the current design and expected performances. We show that with the current optimization and the proposed technology, we expect the most sensitive instrument proposed on this kind of mission. We recall the readiness of the concept and of the slicer technology thanks to large prototyping efforts performed in France which validate the proposition

Published
2004

15. SNAP: an integral field spectrograph for supernova identification

Author

Anne Ealet, Eric Prieto, Alain Bonissent, Roger Malina, G. Bernstein, Stephane Basa, Oliver LeFevre, Alain Mazure, Christophe Bonneville, Carl W. Akerlof, Greg Aldering, R. Amanullah, Pierre Astier, E. Barrelet, Christopher Bebek, Lars Bergstrom, John Bercovitz, Manfred Bester, C. R. Bower, William C. Carithers, Jr., Eugene D. Commins, C. Day, Susana E. Deustua, Richard S. DiGennaro, R. Ellis, Mikael Eriksson, Andrew Fruchter, Jean-Francois Genat, Gerson Goldhaber, Ariel Goobar, Donald E. Groom, Stewart E. Harris, Peter R. Harvey, Henry D. Heetderks, Steven E. Holland, Dragan Huterer, Armin Karcher, Alex G. Kim, William F. Kolbe, B. Krieger, R. Lafever, J. Lamoureux, Michael L. Lampton, Michael E. Levi, Daniel S. Levin, Eric V. Linder, Stewart C. Loken, R. Massey, Timothy McKay, Shawn P. McKee, Ramon Miquel, E. Moertsell, N. Mostek, Stuart Mufson, J. A. Musser, Peter E. Nugent, Hakeem M. Oluseyi, Reynald Pain, Nicholas P. Palaio, David H. Pankow, Saul Perlmutter, R. Pratt, Alexandre Refregier, J. Rhodes, Kem E. Robinson, N. Roe, Michael Sholl, Michael S. Schubnell, G. Smadja, George F. Smoot, Anthony Spadafora, Gregory Tarle, Andrew D. Tomasch, H. von der Lippe, D. Vincent, J.-P. Walder, Guobin Wang, and Mather, John C.

Subjects
Physics, Field (physics), business.industry, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Type (model theory), 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Supernova, Acceleration, Optics, Integral field spectrograph, 0103 physical sciences, Magnitude (astronomy), Spectral resolution, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectrograph
Abstract

A well-adapted spectrograph concept has been developed for the SNAP (SuperNova/Acceleration Probe) experiment. The goal is to ensure proper identification of Type Ia supernovae and to standardize the magnitude of each candidate by determining explosion parameters. An instrument based on an integral field method with the powerful concept of imager slicing has been designed and is presented in this paper. The spectrograph concept is optimized to have very high efficiency and low spectral resolution (R {approx} 100), constant through the wavelength range (0.35-1.7{micro}m), adapted to the scientific goals of the mission.

Published
2003
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16. SNAP Telescope

Author

Michael L. Lampton, Carl W. Akerlof, Greg Aldering, R. Amanullah, Pierre Astier, E. Barrelet, Christopher Bebek, Lars Bergstrom, John Bercovitz, G. Bernstein, Manfred Bester, Alain Bonissent, C. R. Bower, William C. Carithers, Jr., Eugene D. Commins, C. Day, Susana E. Deustua, Richard S. DiGennaro, Anne Ealet, Richard S. Ellis, Mikael Eriksson, Andrew Fruchter, Jean-Francois Genat, Gerson Goldhaber, Ariel Goobar, Donald E. Groom, Stewart E. Harris, Peter R. Harvey, Henry D. Heetderks, Steven E. Holland, Dragan Huterer, Armin Karcher, Alex G. Kim, William F. Kolbe, B. Krieger, R. Lafever, J. Lamoureux, Michael E. Levi, Daniel S. Levin, Eric V. Linder, Stewart C. Loken, Roger Malina, R. Massey, Timothy McKay, Shawn P. McKee, Ramon Miquel, E. Mortsell, N. Mostek, Stuart Mufson, J. A. Musser, Peter E. Nugent, Hakeem M. Oluseyi, Reynald Pain, Nicholas P. Palaio, David H. Pankow, Saul Perlmutter, R. Pratt, Eric Prieto, Alexandre Refregier, J. Rhodes, Kem E. Robinson, N. Roe, Michael Sholl, Michael S. Schubnell, G. Smadja, George F. Smoot, A. Spadafora, Gregory Tarle, Andrew D. Tomasch, H. von der Lippe, R. Vincent, J.-P. Walder, Guobin Wang, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), MacEwen, Howard A., and Flores, Sylvie

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 010309 optics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The SuperNova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) mission will require a two-meter class telescope delivering diffraction limited images spanning a one degree field in the visible and near infrared wavelength regime. This requirement, equivalent to nearly one billion pixel resolution, places stringent demands on its optical system in terms of field flatness, image quality, and freedom from chromatic aberration. We discuss the advantages of annular-field three-mirror anastigmat (TMA) telescopes for applications such as SNAP, and describe the features of the specific optical configuration that we have baselined for the SNAP mission. We discuss the mechanical design and choice of materials for the telescope. Then we present detailed ray traces and diffraction calculations for our baseline optical design. We briefly discuss stray light and tolerance issues, and present a preliminary wavefront error budget for the SNAP Telescope. We conclude by describing some of tasks to be carried out during the upcoming SNAP research and development phase.

Published
2002
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18. Overview of the SuperNova/Acceleration probe (SNAP)

Author

Greg Aldering, Carl W. Akerlof, R. Amanullah, Pierre Astier, E. Barrelet, Christopher Bebek, Lars Bergstrom, John Bercovitz, Gary M. Bernstein, Manfred Bester, Alain Bonissent, Charles Bower, William C. Carithers, Jr., Eugene D. Commins, C. Day, Susana E. Deustua, Richard S. DiGennaro, Anne Ealet, Richard S. Ellis, Mikael Eriksson, Andrew Fruchter, Jean-Francois Genat, Gerson Goldhaber, Ariel Goobar, Donald E. Groom, Stewart E. Harris, Peter R. Harvey, Henry D. Heetderks, Steven E. Holland, Dragan Huterer, Armin Karcher, Alex G. Kim, William F. Kolbe, B. Krieger, R. Lafever, James C. Lamoreux, Michael L. Lampton, Michael E. Levi, Daniel S. Levin, Eric V. Linder, Stewart C. Loken, Roger Malina, R. Massey, Timothy McKay, Shawn P. McKee, Ramon Miquel, E. Moertsell, N. Mostek, Stuart Mufson, J. A. Musser, Peter E. Nugent, Hakeem M. Oluseyi, Reynald Pain, Nicholas P. Palaio, David H. Pankow, Saul Perlmutter, R. Pratt, Eric Prieto, Alexandre Refregier, J. Rhodes, Kem E. Robinson, N. Roe, Michael Sholl, Michael S. Schubnell, G. Smadja, George F. Smoot, Anthony Spadafora, Gregory Tarle, Andrew D. Tomasch, H. von der Lippe, D. Vincent, J.-P. Walder, Guobin Wang, Flores, Sylvie, Dressler, A.M., Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and Dressler, Alan M.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Three-mirror anastigmat, Cosmological constant, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Metric expansion of space, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Integral field spectrograph, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Equation of state (cosmology), Astrophysics (astro-ph), [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Dark energy, Quintessence
Abstract

The SuperNova / Acceleration Probe (SNAP) is a space-based experiment to measure the expansion history of the Universe and study both its dark energy and the dark matter. The experiment is motivated by the startling discovery that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. A 0.7 square-degree imager comprised of 36 large format fully-depleted n-type CCD's sharing a focal plane with 36 HgCdTe detectors forms the heart of SNAP, allowing discovery and lightcurve measurements simultaneously for many supernovae. The imager and a high-efficiency low-resolution integral field spectrograph are coupled to a 2-m three mirror anastigmat wide-field telescope, which will be placed in a high-earth orbit. The SNAP mission can obtain high-signal-to-noise calibrated light-curves and spectra for over 2000 Type Ia supernovae at redshifts between z=0.1 and 1.7. The resulting data set can not only determine the amount of dark energy with high precision, but test the nature of the dark energy by examining its equation of state. In particular, dark energy due to a cosmological constant can be differentiated from alternatives such as "quintessence", by measuring the dark energy's equation of state to an accuracy of +/-0.05, and by studying its time dependence., This paper will be published in SPIE Proceedings Vol 4835 and is made available as an electronic preprint with permission of SPIE

Published
2002

19. Wide-field surveys from the SNAP mission

Author

Alex G. Kim, Carl W. Akerlof, Greg Aldering, R. Amanullah, Pierre Astier, E. Barrelet, Christopher Bebek, Lars Bergstrom, J. Bercovitz, Gary M. Bernstein, M. Bester, A. Bonissent, C. Bower, William C. Carithers, Jr., Eugene D. Commins, C. Day, Susana E. Deustua, R. DiGennaro, A. Ealet, Richard S. Ellis, M. Eriksson, Andrew Fruchter, Jean-Francois Genat, Gerson Goldhaber, Ariel Goobar, Donald E. Groom, Stewart E. Harris, Peter R. Harvey, Henry D. Heetderks, Steven E. Holland, Dragan Huterer, Armin Karcher, William F. Kolbe, B. Krieger, Robin E. Lafever, J. Lamoureux, Michael L. Lampton, Michael E. Levi, Daniel S. Levin, Eric V. Linder, Stewart C. Loken, Roger Malina, R. Massey, Timothy McKay, Shawn P. McKee, Ramon Miquel, E. Mortsell, N. Mostek, Stuart Mufson, J. A. Musser, Peter E. Nugent, Hakeem M. Oluseyi, Reynald Pain, Nicholas P. Palaio, David H. Pankow, Saul Perlmutter, R. Pratt, Eric Prieto, Alexandre Refregier, Jason Rhodes, Kem E. Robinson, N. Roe, Michael Sholl, Michael S. Schubnell, G. Smadja, George F. Smoot, Anthony Spadafora, Gregory Tarle, Andrew D. Tomasch, H. von der Lippe, D. Vincent, J.-P. Walder, Guobin Wang, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Flores, Sylvie, Tyson, J. Anthony, and Wolff, Sidney

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Acceleration, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Angular resolution, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Weak gravitational lensing, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Sampling (statistics), Supernova, [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Sky, Magnitude (astronomy)
Abstract

The Supernova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP) is a proposed space-borne observatory that will survey the sky with a wide-field optical/near-infrared (NIR) imager. The images produced by SNAP will have an unprecedented combination of depth, solid-angle, angular resolution, and temporal sampling. For 16 months each, two 7.5 square-degree fields will be observed every four days to a magnitude depth of AB=27.7 in each of the SNAP filters, spanning 3500-17000\AA. Co-adding images over all epochs will give AB=30.3 per filter. In addition, a 300 square-degree field will be surveyed to AB=28 per filter, with no repeated temporal sampling. Although the survey strategy is tailored for supernova and weak gravitational lensing observations, the resulting data will support a broad range of auxiliary science programs., Comment: This paper will be published in SPIE Proceedings Vol. 4836 and is made available as an electronic preprint with permission of SPIE. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic or multiple reproduction, distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited

Published
2002

20. SNAP telescope: an update

Author

Lampton, Michael L., primary, Sholl, Michael J., additional, Krim, Michael H., additional, Besuner, R., additional, Akerlof, Carl W., additional, Aldering, Greg, additional, Amanullah, R., additional, Astier, Pierre, additional, Baltay, Charles, additional, Barrelet, E., additional, Basa, Stephane, additional, Bebek, Christopher, additional, Bercovitz, John, additional, Bergstrom, Lars, additional, Berstein, Gary, additional, Bester, Manfred, additional, Bohlin, Ralph C., additional, Bonissent, Alain, additional, Bower, Charles R., additional, Campbell, Myron, additional, Carithers, Jr., William C., additional, Commins, Eugene D., additional, Day, C., additional, Deustua, Susana E., additional, DiGennaro, Richard S., additional, Ealet, Anne, additional, Ellis, Richard S., additional, Emmett, William, additional, Eriksson, Mikael, additional, Fouchez, D., additional, Fruchter, Andrew, additional, Genat, Jean-Francois, additional, Goldhaber, Gerson, additional, Goobar, Ariel, additional, Groom, Donald E., additional, Heetderks, Henry D., additional, Holland, Stephen E., additional, Huterer, Dragan, additional, Johnston, William E., additional, Kadel, Richard W., additional, Karcher, Armin, additional, Kim, Alex G., additional, Kolbe, William F., additional, Lafever, Robin E., additional, Lamoureux, J. I., additional, LeFevre, Oliver, additional, Levi, Michael E., additional, Levin, Daniel S., additional, Linder, Eric V., additional, Loken, Stewart C., additional, Malina, Roger, additional, Mazure, Alain, additional, McKay, Timothy A., additional, McKee, Shawn P., additional, Miquel, Ramon, additional, Morgan, Nicholas, additional, Mortsell, E., additional, Mostek, Nick, additional, Mufson, Stuart, additional, Musser, J. A., additional, Nugent, Peter E., additional, Oluseyi, Hakeem M., additional, Pain, Reynald, additional, Palaio, Nick P., additional, Pankow, David H., additional, Perlmutter, Saul, additional, Prieto, Eric, additional, Rabinowitz, David, additional, Refregier, Alexandre, additional, Rhodes, Jason, additional, Roe, Natalie A., additional, Schubnell, Michael S., additional, Smadja, G., additional, Smith, R., additional, Smoot, George F., additional, Snyder, Jeffrey A., additional, Spadafora, Anthony, additional, Szymkowiak, Andrew, additional, Tarle, Gregory, additional, Taylor, Keith, additional, Tilquin, A., additional, Tomasch, Andrew D., additional, Vincent, D., additional, von der Lippe, Henrik, additional, Walder, Jean-Pierre, additional, and Wang, Guobin, additional

Published
2004
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21. SNAP NIR detectors

Author

Tarle, Gregory, primary, Akerlof, Carl W., additional, Aldering, Greg, additional, Amanullah, R., additional, Astier, Pierre, additional, Barrelet, E., additional, Bebek, Christopher, additional, Bergstrom, Lars, additional, Bercovitz, John, additional, Bernstein, Gary M., additional, Bester, Manfred, additional, Bonissent, Alain, additional, Bower, C. R., additional, Brown, Mark L., additional, Carithers, Jr., William C., additional, Commins, Eugene D., additional, Day, C., additional, Deustua, Susana E., additional, DiGennaro, Richard S., additional, Ealet, Anne, additional, Ellis, Richard S., additional, Eriksson, Mikael, additional, Fruchter, Andrew, additional, Genat, Jean-Francois, additional, Goldhaber, Gerson, additional, Goobar, Ariel, additional, Groom, Donald E., additional, Harris, Stewart E., additional, Harvey, Peter R., additional, Heetderks, Henry D., additional, Holland, Steven E., additional, Huterer, Dragan, additional, Karcher, Armin, additional, Kim, Alex G., additional, Kolbe, William F., additional, Krieger, B., additional, Lafever, R., additional, Lamoureux, J., additional, Lampton, Michael L., additional, Levi, Michael E., additional, Levin, Daniel S., additional, Linder, Eric V., additional, Loken, Stewart C., additional, Malina, Roger, additional, Massey, R., additional, Miquel, Ramon, additional, McKay, Timothy, additional, McKee, Shawn P., additional, Moertsell, E., additional, Mostek, N., additional, Mufson, Stuart, additional, Musser, J. A., additional, Nugent, Peter E., additional, Oluseyi, Hakeem M., additional, Pain, Reynald, additional, Palaio, Nicholas P., additional, Pankow, David H., additional, Perlmutter, Saul, additional, Pratt, R., additional, Prieto, Eric, additional, Refregier, Alexandre, additional, Rhodes, Jason, additional, Robinson, Kem E., additional, Roe, N., additional, Schubnell, Michael S., additional, Sholl, Michael, additional, Smadja, G., additional, Smoot, George F., additional, Spadafora, Anthony, additional, Tomasch, Andrew D., additional, Vincent, D., additional, von der Lippe, H., additional, Walder, J.-P., additional, and Wang, Guobin, additional

Published
2003
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22. SNAP: an integral field spectrograph for supernova identification

Author

Ealet, Anne, primary, Prieto, Eric, additional, Bonissent, Alain, additional, Malina, Roger, additional, Bernstein, G., additional, Basa, Stephane, additional, LeFevre, Oliver, additional, Mazure, Alain, additional, Bonneville, Christophe, additional, Akerlof, Carl W., additional, Aldering, Greg, additional, Amanullah, R., additional, Astier, Pierre, additional, Barrelet, E., additional, Bebek, Christopher, additional, Bergstrom, Lars, additional, Bercovitz, John, additional, Bester, Manfred, additional, Bower, C. R., additional, Carithers, Jr., William C., additional, Commins, Eugene D., additional, Day, C., additional, Deustua, Susana E., additional, DiGennaro, Richard S., additional, Ellis, R., additional, Eriksson, Mikael, additional, Fruchter, Andrew, additional, Genat, Jean-Francois, additional, Goldhaber, Gerson, additional, Goobar, Ariel, additional, Groom, Donald E., additional, Harris, Stewart E., additional, Harvey, Peter R., additional, Heetderks, Henry D., additional, Holland, Steven E., additional, Huterer, Dragan, additional, Karcher, Armin, additional, Kim, Alex G., additional, Kolbe, William F., additional, Krieger, B., additional, Lafever, R., additional, Lamoureux, J., additional, Lampton, Michael L., additional, Levi, Michael E., additional, Levin, Daniel S., additional, Linder, Eric V., additional, Loken, Stewart C., additional, Massey, R., additional, McKay, Timothy, additional, McKee, Shawn P., additional, Miquel, Ramon, additional, Moertsell, E., additional, Mostek, N., additional, Mufson, Stuart, additional, Musser, J. A., additional, Nugent, Peter E., additional, Oluseyi, Hakeem M., additional, Pain, Reynald, additional, Palaio, Nicholas P., additional, Pankow, David H., additional, Perlmutter, Saul, additional, Pratt, R., additional, Refregier, Alexandre, additional, Rhodes, J., additional, Robinson, Kem E., additional, Roe, N., additional, Sholl, Michael, additional, Schubnell, Michael S., additional, Smadja, G., additional, Smoot, George F., additional, Spadafora, Anthony, additional, Tarle, Gregory, additional, Tomasch, Andrew D., additional, von der Lippe, H., additional, Vincent, D., additional, Walder, J.-P., additional, and Wang, Guobin, additional

Published
2003
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23. SNAP focal plane

Author

Lampton, Michael L., primary, Bebek, Christopher, additional, Akerlof, Carl W., additional, Aldering, Greg, additional, Amanullah, R., additional, Astier, Pierre, additional, Barrelet, E., additional, Bergstrom, Lars, additional, Bercovitz, John, additional, Bernstein, Gary M., additional, Bester, Manfred, additional, Bonissent, Alain, additional, Bower, C. R., additional, Carithers, Jr., William C., additional, Commins, Eugene D., additional, Day, C., additional, Deustua, Susana E., additional, DiGennaro, Richard S., additional, Ealet, Anne, additional, Ellis, Richard S., additional, Eriksson, Mikael, additional, Fruchter, Andrew, additional, Genat, Jean-Francois, additional, Goldhaber, Gerson, additional, Goobar, Ariel, additional, Groom, Donald E., additional, Harris, Stewart E., additional, Harvey, Peter R., additional, Heetderks, Henry D., additional, Holland, Steven E., additional, Huterer, Dragan, additional, Karcher, Armin, additional, Kim, Alex G., additional, Kolbe, William F., additional, Krieger, B., additional, Lafever, R., additional, Lamoureux, J., additional, Levi, Michael E., additional, Levin, Daniel S., additional, Linder, Eric V., additional, Loken, Stewart C., additional, Malina, Roger, additional, Massey, R., additional, McKay, Timothy, additional, McKee, Steven M., additional, Miquel, Ramon, additional, Moertsell, E., additional, Mostek, N., additional, Mufson, Stuart, additional, Musser, J. A., additional, Nugent, Peter E., additional, Oluseyi, Hakeem M., additional, Pain, Reynald, additional, Palaio, Nicholas P., additional, Pankow, David H., additional, Perlmutter, Saul, additional, Pratt, R., additional, Prieto, Eric, additional, Refregier, Alexandre, additional, Rhodes, J., additional, Robinson, Kem E., additional, Roe, N., additional, Sholl, Michael, additional, Schubnell, Michael S., additional, Smadja, G., additional, Smoot, George F., additional, Spadafora, Anthony, additional, Tarle, Gregory, additional, Tomasch, Andrew D., additional, von der Lippe, H., additional, Vincent, D., additional, Walder, J.-P., additional, and Wang, Guobin, additional

Published
2003
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24. Wide-Field Surveys from the SNAP Mission

Author

Kim, Alex G., primary, Akerlof, Carl W., additional, Aldering, Greg, additional, Amanullah, R., additional, Astier, Pierre, additional, Barrelet, E., additional, Bebek, Christopher, additional, Bergstrom, Lars, additional, Bercovitz, J., additional, Bernstein, Gary M., additional, Bester, M., additional, Bonissent, A., additional, Bower, C., additional, Carithers, Jr., William C., additional, Commins, Eugene D., additional, Day, C., additional, Deustua, Susana E., additional, DiGennaro, R., additional, Ealet, A., additional, Ellis, Richard S., additional, Eriksson, M., additional, Fruchter, Andrew, additional, Genat, Jean-Francois, additional, Goldhaber, Gerson, additional, Goobar, Ariel, additional, Groom, Donald E., additional, Harris, Stewart E., additional, Harvey, Peter R., additional, Heetderks, Henry D., additional, Holland, Steven E., additional, Huterer, Dragan, additional, Karcher, Armin, additional, Kolbe, William F., additional, Krieger, B., additional, Lafever, Robin E., additional, Lamoureux, J., additional, Lampton, Michael L., additional, Levi, Michael E., additional, Levin, Daniel S., additional, Linder, Eric V., additional, Loken, Stewart C., additional, Malina, Roger, additional, Massey, R., additional, McKay, Timothy, additional, McKee, Shawn P., additional, Miquel, Ramon, additional, Mortsell, E., additional, Mostek, N., additional, Mufson, Stuart, additional, Musser, J. A., additional, Nugent, Peter E., additional, Oluseyi, Hakeem M., additional, Pain, Reynald, additional, Palaio, Nicholas P., additional, Pankow, David H., additional, Perlmutter, Saul, additional, Pratt, R., additional, Prieto, Eric, additional, Refregier, Alexandre, additional, Rhodes, Jason, additional, Robinson, Kem E., additional, Roe, N., additional, Sholl, Michael, additional, Schubnell, Michael S., additional, Smadja, G., additional, Smoot, George F., additional, Spadafora, Anthony, additional, Tarle, Gregory, additional, Tomasch, Andrew D., additional, von der Lippe, H., additional, Vincent, D., additional, Walder, J.-P., additional, and Wang, Guobin, additional

Published
2002
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25. Overview of the SuperNova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP)

Author

Aldering, Greg, primary, Akerlof, Carl W., additional, Amanullah, R., additional, Astier, Pierre, additional, Barrelet, E., additional, Bebek, Christopher, additional, Bergstrom, Lars, additional, Bercovitz, John, additional, Bernstein, Gary M., additional, Bester, Manfred, additional, Bonissent, Alain, additional, Bower, Charles, additional, Carithers, Jr., William C., additional, Commins, Eugene D., additional, Day, C., additional, Deustua, Susana E., additional, DiGennaro, Richard S., additional, Ealet, Anne, additional, Ellis, Richard S., additional, Eriksson, Mikael, additional, Fruchter, Andrew, additional, Genat, Jean-Francois, additional, Goldhaber, Gerson, additional, Goobar, Ariel, additional, Groom, Donald E., additional, Harris, Stewart E., additional, Harvey, Peter R., additional, Heetderks, Henry D., additional, Holland, Steven E., additional, Huterer, Dragan, additional, Karcher, Armin, additional, Kim, Alex G., additional, Kolbe, William F., additional, Krieger, B., additional, Lafever, R., additional, Lamoreux, James C., additional, Lampton, Michael L., additional, Levi, Michael E., additional, Levin, Daniel S., additional, Linder, Eric V., additional, Loken, Stewart C., additional, Malina, Roger, additional, Massey, R., additional, McKay, Timothy, additional, McKee, Shawn P., additional, Miquel, Ramon, additional, Moertsell, E., additional, Mostek, N., additional, Mufson, Stuart, additional, Musser, J. A., additional, Nugent, Peter E., additional, Oluseyi, Hakeem M., additional, Pain, Reynald, additional, Palaio, Nicholas P., additional, Pankow, David H., additional, Perlmutter, Saul, additional, Pratt, R., additional, Prieto, Eric, additional, Refregier, Alexandre, additional, Rhodes, J., additional, Robinson, Kem E., additional, Roe, N., additional, Sholl, Michael, additional, Schubnell, Michael S., additional, Smadja, G., additional, Smoot, George F., additional, Spadafora, Anthony, additional, Tarle, Gregory, additional, Tomasch, Andrew D., additional, von der Lippe, H., additional, Vincent, D., additional, Walder, J.-P., additional, and Wang, Guobin, additional

Published
2002
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26. SNAP Telescope

Author

Lampton, Michael L., primary, Akerlof, Carl W., additional, Aldering, Greg, additional, Amanullah, R., additional, Astier, Pierre, additional, Barrelet, E., additional, Bebek, Christopher, additional, Bergstrom, Lars, additional, Bercovitz, John, additional, Bernstein, G., additional, Bester, Manfred, additional, Bonissent, Alain, additional, Bower, C. R., additional, Carithers, Jr., William C., additional, Commins, Eugene D., additional, Day, C., additional, Deustua, Susana E., additional, DiGennaro, Richard S., additional, Ealet, Anne, additional, Ellis, Richard S., additional, Eriksson, Mikael, additional, Fruchter, Andrew, additional, Genat, Jean-Francois, additional, Goldhaber, Gerson, additional, Goobar, Ariel, additional, Groom, Donald E., additional, Harris, Stewart E., additional, Harvey, Peter R., additional, Heetderks, Henry D., additional, Holland, Steven E., additional, Huterer, Dragan, additional, Karcher, Armin, additional, Kim, Alex G., additional, Kolbe, William F., additional, Krieger, B., additional, Lafever, R., additional, Lamoureux, J., additional, Levi, Michael E., additional, Levin, Daniel S., additional, Linder, Eric V., additional, Loken, Stewart C., additional, Malina, Roger, additional, Massey, R., additional, McKay, Timothy, additional, McKee, Shawn P., additional, Miquel, Ramon, additional, Mortsell, E., additional, Mostek, N., additional, Mufson, Stuart, additional, Musser, J. A., additional, Nugent, Peter E., additional, Oluseyi, Hakeem M., additional, Pain, Reynald, additional, Palaio, Nicholas P., additional, Pankow, David H., additional, Perlmutter, Saul, additional, Pratt, R., additional, Prieto, Eric, additional, Refregier, Alexandre, additional, Rhodes, J., additional, Robinson, Kem E., additional, Roe, N., additional, Sholl, Michael, additional, Schubnell, Michael S., additional, Smadja, G., additional, Smoot, George F., additional, Spadafora, A., additional, Tarle, Gregory, additional, Tomasch, Andrew D., additional, von der Lippe, H., additional, Vincent, R., additional, Walder, J.-P., additional, and Wang, Guobin, additional

Published
2002
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27. SNAP: an integral field spectrograph for supernova identification.

Author

Ealet, Anne, Prieto, Eric, Bonissent, Alain, Malina, Roger, Bernstein, G., Basa, Stephane, LeFevre, Oliver, Mazure, Alain, Bonneville, Christophe, Akerlof, Carl W., Aldering, Greg, Amanullah, R., Astier, Pierre, Barrelet, E., Bebek, Christopher, Bergstrom, Lars, Bercovitz, John, Bester, Manfred, Bower, C. R., and Carithers Jr., William C.

Published
2003
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28. SNAP NIR detectors.

Author

Tarle, Gregory, Akerlof, Carl W., Aldering, Greg, Amanullah, R., Astier, Pierre, Barrelet, E., Bebek, Christopher, Bergstrom, Lars, Bercovitz, John, Bernstein, Gary M., Bester, Manfred, Bonissent, Alain, Bower, C. R., Brown, Mark L., Carithers Jr., William C., Commins, Eugene D., Day, C., Deustua, Susana E., DiGennaro, Richard S., and Ealet, Anne

Published
2003
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29. Overview of the SuperNova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP).

Author

Aldering, Greg, Akerlof, Carl W., Amanullah, R., Astier, Pierre, Barrelet, E., Bebek, Christopher, Bergstrom, Lars, Bercovitz, John, Bernstein, Gary M., Bester, Manfred, Bonissent, Alain, Bower, Charles, Carithers Jr., William C., Commins, Eugene D., Day, C., Deustua, Susana E., DiGennaro, Richard S., Ealet, Anne, Ellis, Richard S., and Eriksson, Mikael

Published
2002
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32. Use of an automated clinical management system improves outpatient immunosuppressive care following liver transplantation.

Author

Park, Esther S., Peccoud, Marie H., Wicks, Kay A., Halldorson, Jeffrey B., Carithers Jr, Robert L., Reyes, Jorge D., and Perkins, James D.

Abstract

Objective Immunosuppressive therapy following transplantation, if not managed well, can lead to increased drug toxicity or rejection episodes. We investigated whether use of an automated clinical management system in our liver transplant program would improve clinical outcomes in managing transplant recipients' immunosuppressive medications. Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of two patient groups receiving liver transplants at our institution. One group of 301 patients transplanted from January 1, 2004 to November 30, 2006 received outpatient immunosuppressive management using a paper charting system. After instituting an automated clinical management system, the following group of 127 patients transplanted from December 12, 2006 to April 1, 2008 received their outpatient immunosuppressive management with that system. Only patients who received tacrolimus therapy, with or without mycophenolate mofetil or prednisone, were studied. Measurements Our endpoints included percentage of patients having rejection and/or tacrolimus toxicity episodes. Various recipient, intraoperative, donor, and postoperative variables, including managing the immunosuppressive therapy with a paper charting system or an automated management system, were studied to determine which factors were associated with our endpoints. Results Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed the automated system was significantly associated with fewer rejection episodes and fewer tacrolimus toxicity events. Formal cost-effectiveness analysis of the nurses' salaries for 1 year showed the automated system cost US$197 per patient and the paper system cost US$1703 per patient. The automated system improved quality of life years. Conclusion Use of an automated clinical management system for outpatient immunosuppressive management for liver transplant patients has resulted in a decrease in both tacrolimus toxicity and rejection episodes and is cost-effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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33. Pretreatment symptoms and dosing regimen predict side-effects of interferon therapy for hepatitis C.

Author

Cotler, Wartelle, Larson, Gretch, Jensen, Carithers Jr, and Cotler, Scott J.

Subjects
INTERFERONS, HEPATITIS C treatment, HEPATITIS C virus, RNA, DNA, DRUG side effects
Abstract

We analysed data from a multicentre interferon (IFN) treatment trial to evaluate symptoms in patients with chronic hepatitis C and to identify factors that might predict development of debilitating IFN side-effects. Two hundred and twenty-two patients (120 US, 102 French) received 3 or 5 million units (MU) of IFN-α three times weekly (t.i.w.) for 3 months. Those who had detectable hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, as detected by the branched DNA signal amplification (bDNA) assay, at 3 months were intensified to daily therapy, while patients who were bDNA negative continued t.i.w. dosing for the subsequent 3 months of treatment. Symptoms were assessed at baseline, and adverse effects were evaluated at 6 months of therapy. Prior to treatment, the most common symptom that interfered with daily functioning was fatigue, occurring in 25% of patients. The frequency of debilitating fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, headache, the presence of dry eyes and dry mouth, and use of antidepressant medication increased significantly from baseline to 6 months of IFN therapy (all P < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, the development of a debilitating side-effect at 6 months of treatment was associated with the presence of that symptom prior to therapy in all cases. Symptoms and adverse effects varied by gender and country. Compared with patients maintained on t.i.w. dosing, those who were dose intensified to daily IFN reported more debilitating fatigue, malaise, myalgia, arthralgia, fever, nausea, and headache, and the presence of dry mouth (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, patient characteristics, including pretreatment symptoms, gender and nationality, as well as daily IFN dosing are associated with the development of debilitating adverse effects on IFN therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
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34. Hyperbilirubinemia and Cholestatic Liver Injury in Hepatitis C-Infected Liver Transplant Recipients.

Author

Cotler, Scott J., Taylor, Shari L., Gretch, David R., Bronner, Mary P., Rizk, Rafat, Perkins, James D., and Carithers Jr., Robert L.

Subjects
HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, OBSTRUCTIVE jaundice, HEPATITIS C, LIVER biopsy, COMPLICATIONS from organ transplantation
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: A cholestatic pattern of liver injury has been observed in liver transplant recipients with rapidly progressive hepatitis C. We assessed the frequency and causes of cholestasis in hepatitis C-infected liver transplant patients, and evaluated the clinical and pathological course of those with cholestatic hepatitis C. METHODS: Sixty-nine sequential liver transplant recipients who had detectable hepatitis C viremia were studied retrospectively. Records and diagnostic tests were examined from patients who developed hyperbilirubinemia. RESULTS: Hyperbilirubinemia occurred in 33 of 69 (48%) hepatitis C-infected liver transplant patients. A thorough evaluation including review of clinical and laboratory data, ultrasound with Doppler, cholangiogram. and liver biopsy identified causes of hyperbilirubinemia other than hepatitis C in 26 of 33 patients. Seven patients developed cholestatic hepatitis C characterized by histological features of recurrent hepatitis C and cholestatic liver injury with ballooning of centrilobular hepatocytes, bile ductular proliferation, and canalicular cholestasis, in the absence of other causes of cholestasis. Five progressed rapidly to bridging librosis and two died of complications related to liver failure. Four patients with cholestatic hepatitis C showed extended survival after the onset of hyperbilirubinemia. CONCLUSIONS: I) Hepatitis C is a relatively infrequent cause of cholestasis in liver transplant recipients. 2) The diagnosis of cholestatic hepatitis C requires a multimodality approach to exclude other causes of cholestasis. 3) Cholestatic hepatitis C ranges in severity and is not always associated with rapid development of graft failure, although significant histological abnormalities are frequent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
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35. Hepatitis C and renal failure.

Author

Carithers Jr., Robert L. and Carithers, R L Jr

Subjects
*HEPATITIS C, *ACUTE kidney failure, *HEPATITIS C virus, *TREATMENT of chronic kidney failure, *GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, *HEMODIALYSIS, *KIDNEY transplantation, *CHRONIC hepatitis C, *DISEASE complications, CHRONIC kidney failure complications
Abstract

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common among patients with chronic renal failure. This chronic viral infection can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Liver failure from chronic hepatitis C is one of the leading causes of death among long-term survivors of renal transplantation. HCV infection also can be a cause of glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome. Recognition of these conditions is important to optimize the management of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1999
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36. Methylprednisolone therapy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. A randomized multicenter trial.

Author

Carithers Jr., Robert I., Herlong, Franklin, Diehl, Anna Mae, Shaw, Ellen W., Combes, Burton, Fallon, Harold J., Maddrey, Willis C., Carithers, R L Jr, Herlong, H F, Diehl, A M, Shaw, E W, Combes, B, Fallon, H J, and Maddrey, W C

Subjects
*ADRENOCORTICAL hormones, *HEPATITIS, *ALCOHOLIC liver diseases
Abstract

Study Objective: To determine the efficacy of a corticosteroid in reducing the short-term mortality of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis.Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial.Setting: Four university teaching hospitals.Patients: We enrolled 66 patients with alcoholic hepatitis and either spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy or a discriminant function value greater than 32, calculated using the formula: 4.6 (prothrombin time - control time) + serum bilirubin [in mumol/L]/17.1. Fifty-nine patients (89%) completed the study. Two patients withdrew from the trial. The other 64 patients were hospitalized for the duration of the trial; however, treatment was discontinued in 5 patients because of potential drug toxicity.Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either methylprednisolone (32 mg) or placebo within 7 days of admission. Treatment was given for 28 days. The doses were then tapered over 2 weeks and discontinued.Measurements and Main Results: The endpoint of the study was death. Of the 31 recipients of placebo, 11 (35%) died within 28 days of randomization compared with 2 (6%) of the 35 patients given methylprednisolone (P = 0.006). The 95% CI for the difference in mortality was 12% to 70%. In the patients with spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy at entry, 9 of 19 recipients of placebo died (47%) compared with 1 (7%) of the 14 patients given methylprednisolone (P = 0.02). The 95% CI for the difference in mortality was 14% to 66%. The Cox proportional hazards regression model showed the advantage of methylprednisolone over placebo after adjustment for other potentially important prognostic variables (P = 0.004).Conclusions: Methylprednisolone therapy decreases short-term mortality in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis manifested either by spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy or a markedly elevated discriminant function value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1989
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38. Thyroid Function Tests in Patients with Acute and Resolved Hepatitis B Virus.

Author

Gardner, David F., Carithers, Jr., Robert L., and Utiger, Robert D.

Subjects
THYROID gland function tests, HEPATITIS B, VIRUS diseases, THYROID hormones
Abstract

Focuses on a study which examined thyroid function tests in patients with acute and resolved hepatitis B virus infection. Patients and methods; Changes in serum thyroid hormone concentrations, thyroid hormone binding, and thyroxine-binding globulin concentrations in patients; Results; Discussion.

Published
1982
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39. An integral field spectrograph for SNAP supernova studies

Author

Ealet, Anne, Prieto, E., Bonissent, A., Malina, R., Basa, S., Lefevre, O., Mazure, A., Gregory Tarlé, Akerlof, C. W., Aldering, G., Amidei, D. E., Astier, P., Baden, A. R., Bebek, C., Bergstrom, L., Bernstein, G. M., Bower, C. R., Campbell, M., Carithers, Jr, Commins, E. D., Curtis, D. W., Deustua, S. E., Edwards, W. R., Ellis, R. S., Fruchter, A., Frye, B. L., Genat, J., Goldhaber, G., Goobar, A., Goodman, J. A., Graham, J. R., Hardin, D., Harris, S. E., Harvey, P. R., Heetderks, H. D., Honeycutt, R., Holland, S. E., Hook, I., Huterer, D., Kasen, D. N., Kim, A. G., Knop, R. A., Lafever, R., Lampton, M. L., Levi, M. E., Levin, D. S., Levy, J. M., Lidman, C., Lin, R. P., Linder, E. V., Loken, S. C., Mckay, T., Mckee, S. P., Metzger, M. R., Miquel, R., Mourao, A., Mufson, S., Musser, J. A., Nugent, P. E., Pain, R., Pankow, D. H., Pennypacker, C. R., Perlmutter, S., Refregier, A., Rich, J., Robinson, K. E., Schahmaneche, K., Schubnell, M. S., Spadafora, A., Smoot, G. F., Sullivan, G. W., Tomasch, A. D., and Snap, Collaboration

Subjects
Physics

40. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma after orthotopic liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B infection.

Author

Luketic, Velimir A., Shiffman, Mitchell L., McCall, Janice B., Posner, Marc P., Mills, A. Scott, Carithers Jr., Robert L., Luketic, V A, Shiffman, M L, McCall, J B, Posner, M P, Mills, A S, and Carithers, R L Jr

Subjects
LIVER cancer, HEPATITIS B, IMMUNOGLOBULINS, IMMUNOSUPPRESSION, PATIENTS
Abstract

Reports the documented case of primary hepatocellular carcinoma developing in the hepatic allograft of a patient with recurrent chronic hepatitis B. Administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin during anhepatic phase of a surgery; Signs of liver dysfunction; Contribution of immunosuppression to the development of carcinoma.

Published
1991
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41. Effect of interferon on hepatitis B.

Author

Carithers, Jr., Robert L. and Carithers, R L Jr

Subjects
*HEPATITIS treatment, *INTERFERONS, *DRUG efficacy, *THERAPEUTIC use of proteins, *ANTIVIRAL agents, *CHRONIC hepatitis B, *DNA, *HEPATITIS viruses, *VIRAL antigens, *ALANINE aminotransferase, *DIAGNOSIS, *THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

Considers the problems of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and the use of interferon-alfa as the only approved treatment. The different features of chronic HBV infection; The studies to determine the efficacy of interferon therapy on HBV infection.

Published
1998
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42. Corticosteroids improve short-term survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH): individual data analysis of the last three randomized placebo controlled double blind trials of corticosteroids in severe AH

Author

Mathurin, Philippe, Mendenhall, Charles L., Carithers Jr, Robert L., Ramond, Marie-Jose, Maddrey, Willis C., Garstide, Peter, Rueff, Bernard, Naveau, Sylvie, Chaput, Jean-Claude, and Poynard, Thierry

Subjects
*HEPATITIS, *ALCOHOLIC beverages, *CORTICOSTEROIDS
Abstract

Background/Aims: Controversy surrounding the efficacy of corticosteroids in severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) persists. The aims of our study were: (a) to analyze individual data of patients with severe AH discriminant function (DF) ≥32 from the last three randomized controlled trials; and (b) to identify the independent prognostic factors associated with short-term survival.Methods: Individual data were collected from the three principal investigators. Survival analysis was performed at 28 days using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. The independent prognostic values were assessed by the proportional hazards regression model.Results: About 102 placebo and 113 corticosteroid patients with DF≥32 were analyzed. At 28 days, corticosteroid patients had significantly higher survival: 84.6±3.4% vs. 65.1±4.8%, P=0.001. In univariate analysis, corticosteroid treatment, age, DF, albumin, creatinine and encephalopathy were prognostic factors. In multivariate analysis, age (P=0.0001), serum creatinine (P<0.002) and corticosteroid treatment (P=0.002) were independent prognostic variables. A more dramatic decrease of median serum bilirubin values (μmol/l) was observed at 7 and 14 days in corticosteroid patients (P<0.05) : −76.5 vs. −35 and −105 vs. −45.Conclusions: Corticosteroids improved short-term survival of patients with severe AH. Age and serum creatinine are independent prognostic factors. Corticosteroids are recommended for patients with severe AH. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2002
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44. Proteome Analysis of Liver Cells Expressing a Full-Length Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Replicon and Biopsy Specimens of Posttransplantation Liver from HCV-Infected Patients.

Author

Jacobs, Jon M., Diamond, Deborah L., Chan, Eric Y., Gritsenko, Marina A., Weijun Qian, Stastna, Miroslava, Baas, Tracey, Camp II, David G., Carithers Jr., Robert L., Smith, Richard D., and Katze, Michael G.

Subjects
*HEPATITIS C, *VIRAL hepatitis, *HEPATITIS C virus, *VIRUS diseases, *VIRUSES, *VIROLOGY
Abstract

The development of a reproducible model system for the study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has the potential to significantly enhance the study of virus-host interactions and provide future direction for modeling the pathogenesis of HCV. While there are studies describing global gene expression changes associated with HCV infection, changes in the proteome have not been characterized. We report the first large-scale proteome analysis of the highly permissive Huh-7.5 cell line containing a full-length HCV replicon. We detected >4,200 proteins in this cell line, including HCV replicon proteins, using multidimensional liquid chromatographic (LC) separations coupled to mass spectrometry. Consistent with the literature, a comparison of HCV replicon-positive and -negative Huh-7.5 cells identified expression changes of proteins involved in lipid metabolism. We extended these analyses to liver biopsy material from HCV-infected patients where a total of >1,500 proteins were detected from only 2 µg of liver biopsy protein digest using the Huh-7.5 protein database and the accurate mass and time tag strategy. These findings demonstrate the utility of multidimensional proteome analysis of the HCV replicon model system for assisting in the determination of proteins/pathways affected by HCV infection. Our ability to extend these analyses to the highly complex proteome of small liver biopsies with limiting protein yields offers the unique opportunity to begin evaluating the clinical significance of protein expression changes associated with HCV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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46. Using root cause analysis to improve survival in a liver transplant program

Author

Perkins, J.D., Levy, A.E., Duncan, J.B., and Carithers Jr, R.L.

Subjects
*LIVER transplantation, *MORTALITY, *SURGERY
Abstract

Despite continuous total quality management (TQM) and traditional weekly morbidity and mortality (M&M) conferences, our liver transplant program survival rates became lower than expected according to national benchmarking standards. Data from the U.S. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR), the organization contracted by the federal government to manage statistics reported by all U.S. transplant centers, showed that during 7/1/98 TO 6/30/00, our 1-year graft (76.86%, P = 0.230) and patient (80.61%, P = 0.016) survival was lower than expected compared with national expected rates (graft 81.89% and patient 88.30%). In response, our program added root cause analysis (RCA) to our quality improvement process. RCA is a method of identifying causal factors that underlie variation in performance. Using RCA, two of our liver transplant surgeons performed a systematic review of all liver transplant patient deaths in our center from 1/95 TO 8/00 (86 of 372 patients transplanted). All phases of the transplant process, including recipient and donor selection, transplant procedure, and follow-up care (including psychosocial issues) were reviewed to determine specific events from each phase that led to an adverse outcome. For the 86 deaths, 162 root causes were identified. The apportionment was as follows: recipient and donor selection, 58%; transplant procedure, 24%; follow-up care, 18%. The top four root causes were obesity, surgical anatomy issues, pulmonary events, and cardiac events, all relating to patient selection. Multiple root causes in the cases reviewed led to futile liver transplants. Early in 2001, our program conducted in-services and instituted protocol changes according to RCA findings. In April 2004, SRTR data revealed that for patients transplanted between 1/01/01 and 6/30/03, our 1-year liver graft survival of 90.73% is now significantly higher (P = 0.018) compared to the national expected rate of 84.48%. Our 1-year patient survival rate of 92.66% is higher than the expected rate of 89.29%, although not significantly (P = 0.285). In conclusion, periodic RCA of adverse events should be added to the TQM efforts and M&M conferences of programs encompassing multiple medical services. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2004
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47. Corticosteroids Reduce Risk of Death Within 28 Days for Patients With Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis, Compared With Pentoxifylline or Placebo-a Meta-analysis of Individual Data From Controlled Trials.

Author

Louvet A, Thursz MR, Kim DJ, Labreuche J, Atkinson SR, Sidhu SS, O'Grady JG, Akriviadis E, Sinakos E, Carithers RL Jr, Ramond MJ, Maddrey WC, Morgan TR, Duhamel A, and Mathurin P

Subjects
Drug Therapy, Combination methods, Hepatitis, Alcoholic mortality, Humans, Placebos therapeutic use, Prednisolone therapeutic use, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Severity of Illness Index, Survival Analysis, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Hepatitis, Alcoholic drug therapy, Pentoxifylline therapeutic use
Abstract

Background & Aims: We performed a meta-analysis of individual patient data from 11 randomized controlled trials comparing corticosteroids, pentoxifylline, or their combination in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. We compared the effects of the treatments on survival for 28 days or 6 months, and response to treatment based on the Lille model., Methods: We searched PubMed for randomized controlled trials of pharmacologic therapy for severe alcoholic hepatitis. Our final analysis comprised 11 studies, of 2111 patients. We performed 4 meta-analyses of the effects of corticosteroids vs placebo or control, corticosteroids vs pentoxifylline, corticosteroids and pentoxifylline vs corticosteroids and placebo or control, and pentoxifylline vs placebo. In each meta-analysis, the effect of treatment on the primary outcome (overall survival at 28 days, defined as the period from the first day of assigned treatment to 28 days) was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model, including trials as random effect., Results: Corticosteroid treatment significantly decreased risk of death within 28 days compared with controls (hazard ratio [HR] 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48-0.86) or to pentoxifylline (HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.43-0.95). In multiple-imputation and complete case analyses, the effect of corticosteroids compared with controls remained significant. When we compared corticosteroids vs pentoxifylline, the corticosteroid effect remained significant in the complete case analysis (HR 0.66; P = .04) but not in multiple-imputation analysis (HR 0.71; P = .08). There was no difference in 28-day mortality when patients were given a combination of corticosteroids and pentoxifylline vs corticosteroids alone or between patients given pentoxifylline vs control. In our analysis of secondary outcomes, we found no significant differences in 6-month mortality when any treatments or controls were compared. Corticosteroids were significantly associated with increased response to therapy compared with controls (relative risk 1.24; 95% CI 1.10-1.41) or pentoxifylline (relative risk 1.43; 95% CI 1.20-1.68). We found no difference in response to therapy between patients given a combination of corticosteroids and pentoxifylline vs corticosteroids alone or pentoxifylline vs controls., Conclusions: In a meta-analysis of 4 controlled trials, we found corticosteroid use to reduce risk of death within 28 days of treatment, but not in the following 6 months. This loss of efficacy over time indicates a need for new therapeutic strategies to improve medium-term outcomes., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Published
2018
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48. D-MELD risk capping improves post-transplant and overall mortality under markov microsimulation.

Author

Halldorson JB, Carithers RL Jr, Bhattacharya R, Bakthavatsalam R, Liou IW, Dick AA, Reyes JD, and Perkins JD

Abstract

Aim: To hypothesize that the product of calculated Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score excluding exception points and donor age (D-MELD) risk capping ± Rule 14 could improve post liver transplant and overall survival after listing., Methods: Probabilities derived from the United Network for Organ Sharing database between 2002 and 2004 were used to simulate potential outcomes for all patients listed for transplantation. The Markov simulation was then modified by screening matches using a 1200 or 1600 D-MELD risk cap ± allowing transplants for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) ≤ 14 (Rule 14). The differential impact of the rule changes was assessed., Results: The Markov simulation accurately reproduced overall and post transplant survival. A 1200 D-MELD risk cap improved post-transplant survival. Both the 1200 and 1600 risk caps improved overall survival for waitlisted patients. The addition of Rule 14 further improved post transplant and overall survival by redistribution of donor livers to recipients in higher MELD subgroups. The mechanism for improved overall and post-transplant survival after listing was due to shifting a larger percentage of transplants to the moderate MELD score subgroup (MELD 15-29) while also ensuring that high MELD recipients have livers of high quality to achieve excellent post transplant survival., Conclusion: A 1200 D-MELD risk cap + Rule 14 provided the greatest overall benefit primarily by focusing liver transplantation towards the moderate MELD recipient.

Published
2014
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49. Advancing the high throughput identification of liver fibrosis protein signatures using multiplexed ion mobility spectrometry.

Author

Baker ES, Burnum-Johnson KE, Jacobs JM, Diamond DL, Brown RN, Ibrahim YM, Orton DJ, Piehowski PD, Purdy DE, Moore RJ, Danielson WF 3rd, Monroe ME, Crowell KL, Slysz GW, Gritsenko MA, Sandoval JD, Lamarche BL, Matzke MM, Webb-Robertson BJ, Simons BC, McMahon BJ, Bhattacharya R, Perkins JD, Carithers RL Jr, Strom S, Self SG, Katze MG, Anderson GA, and Smith RD

Subjects
Chromatography, Liquid, Humans, Ions chemistry, Liver Cirrhosis metabolism, Liver Transplantation, Mass Spectrometry, Proteomics instrumentation, Liver Cirrhosis blood, Liver Cirrhosis complications, Proteome metabolism, Proteomics methods
Abstract

Rapid diagnosis of disease states using less invasive, safer, and more clinically acceptable approaches than presently employed is a crucial direction for the field of medicine. While MS-based proteomics approaches have attempted to meet these objectives, challenges such as the enormous dynamic range of protein concentrations in clinically relevant biofluid samples coupled with the need to address human biodiversity have slowed their employment. Herein, we report on the use of a new instrumental platform that addresses these challenges by coupling technical advances in rapid gas phase multiplexed ion mobility spectrometry separations with liquid chromatography and MS to dramatically increase measurement sensitivity and throughput, further enabling future high throughput MS-based clinical applications. An initial application of the liquid chromatography--ion mobility spectrometry-MS platform analyzing blood serum samples from 60 postliver transplant patients with recurrent fibrosis progression and 60 nontransplant patients illustrates its potential utility for disease characterization.

Published
2014
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50. The HALOS-ND model: a step in the journey of predicting hospital length of stay after liver transplantation.

Author

Krishnan KR, Bhattacharya R, Pereira A, Otto AK, Carithers RL Jr, Reyes JD, and Perkins JD

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Liver Failure mortality, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Survival Rate, Young Adult, Length of Stay, Liver Failure surgery, Liver Transplantation, Models, Statistical
Abstract

Hospital length of stay (LOS) after liver transplantation has been determined to correlate with liver disease severity, post-transplant survival rates, and transplant-associated costs. A patient's model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and an organ's Donor risk index (DRI) have both been found to be significant predictors of LOS, but these two factors alone are insufficient to form an accurate prediction. Previous studies have identified other factors predictive of LOS, which can be incorporated with MELD and DRI to create more specific results. The objective of this study was to create an algorithm, or models, based on the most significant LOS predictors as identified from national data at different stages of the transplant process. Four models were developed predicting LOS using recipient factors, payment factors, donor factors, and postoperative factors. A medical care team member can enter a patient's data into the model and receive a reasonably accurate prediction of LOS for each phase of the liver transplant process, specifying the impact of each factor. These predictions would help predict the factors most likely to prolong LOS, inform resource allocation, and provide patients with more specific predictions of their LOS following transplantation., (© 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2013
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