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The study of demographic factors provides valuable insights into how they influence oral health. On the other hand, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards oral health are fundamental factors that can determine individuals’ dental health status. The aims of study is to determine the socio-demographic factors, knowledge, and attitudes regarding oral health, as well as health-related behaviors among young adults in Iași. Material and Method: A total of 100 subjects, selected between 2023-2024, were included in the study and grouped according to demographic parameters. The Hiroshima University–Dental Behavioral Inventory (HU-DBI) and the Oral Health-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors (KAB) were used to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to oral health. Results: The HU-DBI score was 8.2. The KAB score for the knowledge domain was 11, for the attitudes domain, the score was 15, and for the behavior domain, the score was 21. Conclusions: The majority of participants, particularly young adults, understand the importance of oral hygiene, such as brushing twice daily and avoiding behaviors that could harm oral health.

Dental caries is a multifactorial, dynamic disease that affects dental hard tissues, being initiated by acidic products from oral biofilms. The etiology and pathophysiology of dental caries are extremely complex. It is widely accepted that changes in the local microecology and disruption of tooth re/demineralization could cause dental caries. Moreover, saliva, fluoride application, dietary sugars and preventive behaviors could also influence it. In recent decades, a combination of drug-release and controlled-release systems for the purpose of caries prevention has gradually attracted attention. These could help maintain the concentration of anti-caries agents in situ through sustained drug release. Such local application has many advantages, such as high efficacy and few systemic effects. Thus, in recent years, there has been an increasing amount of research on drug delivery systems for different stages of dental caries.

Oral health-related quality of life is a significant predictor of overall health and well-being. The aim was to validate the Romanian version of the WHOQOL-BREF as an instrument for measuring the quality of life of dental students. Material and method: Medical students from the fifth year of the Faculty of Dentistry, UMPh Grigore T. Popa Iasi, were invited to participate in the current study. Data were collected after completing the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, which consists of 26 items. Results: the average Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the Global Quality of Life domain was 0.92 (p=0.026). Similarly, for the Global Health domain, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.78, for the Physical Domain it was 0.84, and for the Psychological Domain it was 0.91. The Social Domain exhibited a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.71, while for the Environmental Domain it was 0.77. The intra-class correlation coefficient showed consistent values (p=0.000 – 0.035). Conclusion: WHOQOL-BREF is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the quality of life of dental students.

Changing old habits and adopting new behaviors can be challenging and requires perseverance and motivation. For this reason, the study aimed to determine oral health behaviors among young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 129 students from “Grigore T. Popa” University in Iași, during the period of February 2023 to March 2023. The questionnaire method was used, specifically the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II – HPLP II and the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. RESULTS: The students showed a moderate tendency to change in almost all areas assessed by the HPLP II questionnaire. For the “interpersonal relationships” domain, the average score of 2.74 indicated a strong desire for change. The GSE score α is 28.47, indicating a moderate to high confidence in dealing with challenging situations. CONCLUSIONS: The message of promoting health-promoting behavior is perceived positively, thus reducing behavioral barriers and promoting the prompt adoption of correct behavior.

The educational environment has a significant impact on students’ satisfaction with the learning process. Material and methods: The study was conducted on a sample of 105 students. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) indicator was used to assess the educational environment. Results: Overall, students have positive perceptions of education. The average overall score of the DREEM indicator was 122.74/200, indicating that the university’s academic environment is more positive than negative. Conclusions: Students have positively evaluated the educational environment.

Bone regeneration materials and techniques aid in restoring bone structure and function, consequently improving mobility and alleviating discomfort or disability in individuals suffering from bone defects or injuries. This restoration contributes significantly to an improved quality of life for affected individuals. Continuous research and innovation in bone regeneration materials have led to the development of more sophisticated and effective techniques. These advancements are pivotal in the evolution of medical technology and its potential to address various bone-related conditions. Traditional methods, such as autografts, are associated with limitations like donor site morbidity and limited supply. Emerging bone regeneration materials and techniques offer alternatives that mitigate these issues, potentially reducing reliance on traditional approaches. In conclusion, the utilization of bone regeneration materials and techniques holds substantial promise in rehabilitating anthropological parameters, improving patient outcomes, advancing medical technology, and contributing to a more comprehensive and ethical approach to healthcare.

Aim of the study The purpose of this paper is to review existent literature regarding taurodontism and to highlight the clinical challenges of this pathology in paediatric dentistry. Material and methods Literature was searched for clinical studies and descriptive papers with titles containing the words “taurodontism”, “enlarged pulp chamber”, “bull teeth” “Hertwig epithelial rooth sheath”. Results Taurodontism is a dental developmental disturbanc in which the body is enlarged at the expense of the roots. An enlarged pulp chamber, apical displacement of the pulpal floor and lack of constriction at the cement-enamel junction are the characteristic features. It appears most frequently as an isolated anomaly, but its association with several syndromes and abnormalities has also been reported. Endodontic treatment of taurodontic teeth is stated to be complicated and difficult due to the complexity of the tooth morphology. Conclusions Taurodontic teeth bring a series of challenges to the dental practitioner, from a morphological standpoint, endodontic treatment, periodontal and surgical implications. Literature is scarce regarding protocols for managing teeth with taurodontism, therefore it is in the hand of the clinician to review the best treatment options for those teeth, considering that they are aware of the specific characteristics of the pathology.

Fear of the dentist is a response to a known danger faced by patients, triggered when encountering stimuli that elicit fear. The purpose of this work is to investigate the levels of dental fear, phobia, and anxiety among dental students, as well as to understand the triggers that may induce episodes of phobia. Material and Method: The study group comprised 50 dental students, aged 24-30, from both urban (30 subjects) and rural (20 subjects) backgrounds, physically and emotionally healthy. The Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF) questionnaire was used to determine the degree of dental phobia, while the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale was employed to assess anxiety induced by dental visits. Results: 42% feel slightly uneasy, 6% feel tense when hearing the turbine sound, 10% feel a little uneasy during scaling, 22% feel a bit uneasy while in the waiting room, and 4% feel a bit uneasy before scheduling an appointment. Conclusions: Students exhibit a low level of dental fear and anxiety, presenting neither dental phobia nor significant dental anxiety.

CBCT has proven to be a highly effective diagnostic tool for maxillofacial imaging and has a wide range of dental uses. Aim: the goal of this study was to assess dentists and specialits level of knowledge and attitudes regarding the indications, contraindications, and benefits of CBCT tests. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, the participants responded to online questionnaires that asked them about their experience using CBCT, its benefits and drawbacks, operational principles, and their reasons for recommending or not recommending CBCT. With SPSS 26.0, a statistical analysis was performed. Results: Dentists and prosthetists specialits consider that they have good knowledge regarding the use of CBCT, the same situation being recorded for those who have more than 20 years of work experience. 93.3% of dentists and all specialists recommended CBCT to patients, the trend being the same in terms of seniority where 75% of those with less than 5 years of experience and all doctors with more than 5 years of experience recommended CBCT to patients Most of the participating doctors attended training courses on the use of CBCT. The main reasons why CBCT is not recommended are because it is not necessary (40%), it is an expensive operation (26.7%). Most participants prefer to perform their own interpretation of the radiological examination, except for half of the dentists, prosthetists. Conclusion:The results of the study indicate a satisfactory level of knowledge and attitudes regarding the use of CBCT. Dentists and prosthodontists recommend the use of CBCT as a more frequent diagnostic method. Practitioners with more years of practice, are more reluctant to use this method of radiological evaluation frequently.

Quality of life reflects the individual’s perception of his own well-being and overall satisfaction in various areas of his life. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 75 subjects were selected with ages between 17-56 years, in the period 2022-2023. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of life, and the Corah score was used to determine the sense of safety and dental anxiety. RESULTS: The average value recorded was 3.87±0.684 for the way they perceive their own quality of life and 3.77±0.727 for the degree of satisfaction regarding their own state of health. The analysis of the correlations between the level of dental anxiety and the quality of life were positive at a p=0.01 value, these being stronger for domains 1, 2 and 4 and moderate for “Overall Quality of Life and General Health” and “social relationships”. DISCUSSIONS: the subjects participating in the study have a moderate degree of dental phobia and, in general, feel it more acutely in situations where they start to get sick or feel a sensation of suffocation. CONCLUSIONS: the results showed that the majority of subjects had a good quality of life and low levels of dental anxiety.

Background: Individual dental hygiene is a fundamental component of plaque control, and toothbrushing is the main method for removing bacterial plaque. Incorrect manual brushing, excessive brushing, applying excessive force on the teeth, or even using incorrect techniques can cause gingival ulcerations in patients. Electric toothbrushes have significantly improved compliance. The aim of the study was to comparatively evaluate the efficiency of bacterial plaque removal from dental structures using mechanical means, specifically two electric toothbrushes: Oral-B Genius and Sonicare Diamond Clean. Materials and methods: The study included 20 subjects over the age of 20 from urban and rural areas who presented themselves at the Prevention Department of the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași for dental services. Data were recorded through a clinical examination performed by a single examiner who quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated the presence of bacterial plaque using the Quigley-Hein plaque index, the O’Leary index, and the Approximal Plaque Index (API). Results: The patient group consisted of 20 subjects, 13 females and 7 males, with an average age of 23.85 years, ranging from 20 to 29. 75% of the subjects were from urban areas, and 60% had a medium socioeconomic level. Conclusion Within the limits of this study, we can affirm that both methods effectively removed bacterial plaque, but the Philips Sonicare toothbrush demonstrated higher efficiency.

Considering that, unlike bone tissue, teeth do not change their composition to a small extent after they have been definitively formed, special attention regarding the relationship between nutritional factors and dental development must be directed to the children. The primary dentition begins to develop after two months of intrauterine life, and the permanent dentition a few months before birth. Important nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy can induce malformations in the child and susceptibility to dental caries. In turn, children with chronic nutritional imbalances (deficiencies or excesses in some nutrients) may present with late tooth eruptions, compromising the integrity of the teeth and increasing the frequency of caries.

Post-accidental exposure refers to injuries caused by stabbing and cutting with sharp objects, as well as skin and mucosal exposure to blood and contaminating fluids. The aim of this study to assess the level of knowledge and attitudes of dental nurses regarding prophylaxis after accidental exposure to blood-borne infections. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on a group of dental nurses working in dental offices in the city of Iaşi. The subjects completed a questionnaire that includes questions about skin lesions that can occur accidentally during dental procedures, the causes and means by which the accident occurred, questions that evaluate the level of knowledge regarding the post-accidental exposure protocol to blood-borne infections, assesses knowledge regarding immunization. Data were analysed with SPSS version 20.0 software (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The study group was formed of 26 dental nurses from Iași. 42.3% fell into the 20-30 age group, 30.8% – 31–40-year-old group, 23.1% – 41-50 year old group and 3.8% in the “over 50” age group. 82% from the urban area. 85% of the participants know what a skin lesion is, 38.1% suffered stabbing or cutting accidents, most frequent accidents occurred during the use of the syringe needle (65.4%). 84.6% of nurses admit that both HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C are transmitted through blood. Only 50% of the nurses are vaccinated against the hepatitis B virus. 80.8% of the nurses knows compliance with Universal Precautions, is mandatory for all medical personnel and applies to all patients. Conclusions: Nurses who work in dental surgeries and have more than 6 years of experience have a level of knowledge and attitudes regarding both the prevention of stabbing/cutting accidents and post-exposure prophylaxis measures to blood-borne infections. Although the level of knowledge is good, the applicability of measures to prevent accidents and post-exposure prophylaxis leaves something to be desired.

These complex physiological age-related changes are not yet fully understood but are thought to be related to the lifelong accumulation of impairments at molecular, tissue, and organ level and over the next decade, the gerodontologist might have a greater effect on the prevention and maintenance of oral and general health status, and need to expend less effort on treatment

Thus, gingival hypergrowth should be considered as a particular form of gingival diseases. As mentioned in the presentation of gingival and periodontal diseases, hypergrowth can be determined by a large number of factors, the most common of which is poor oral hygiene, which through chronic inflammation increases the volume of gingival tissues, increases the bleeding tendency, the surface of the gingival mucosa lose the lobulated appearance. In the case of medicinal gingival hypergrowth, along with the inducing factor represented by the drug (nifedipine, phenytoin and ciclosporin A), poor oral hygiene has a primary role in its occurrence and development . The relationship between the extent and severity of gingival overgrowth and a variety of drug variables (dose, duration, serum and saliva concentration) is a controversial issue. Many researchers agree that there is a certain concentration of the drug in the blood, basic or threshold, which when exceeded can lead to the appearance of gingival hypergrowth and this concentration is variable from individual to individual .

Master drugs are products that are prepared in the pharmacy, on request, based on a prescription that is individualized for each patient. They are prepared in small quantities, have a short shelf life and are intended for immediate use. The main preparation can be customized by an alternative dosage form, an individualized concentration or a combination therapy. This study aims at continuous research on the use of innovative bases used in the topical treatment of oral mucosal diseases. Patients appreciated the personalized treatment schedule and could be evaluated periodically, adjusting the treatment according to the evolution of the lesions.

Malocclusion is the third most common dental public health problem worldwide. It is not regarded as a disease, but rather as a deviation from aesthetic standards. Aim: To evaluate the orthodontic status of the young adults from Iasi, to establish the need for orthodontic treatment and their perception regarding the aesthetic aspect of dento-maxillary anomalies. Material and methods: All individuals were clinically examined to determine the IOTN index. After completing the clinical examination, the participants were given a questionnaire that sought to obtain information related to the perception of their own facial aesthetics and the factors that influence access to specialized medical services. Results: From 187 subjects, only 22.5% need orthodontic treatments (10.7% – IOTN 3, IOTN 4 (6.4%) , IOTN 5 (5.3%)). Aesthetically, 81% of subjects were in the 1-4 IOTN AC group, while 66.7% of subjects with class II were in the “borderline” group 5-7. Only 36.4% consider their dental anomaly to be very serious, 32.1% of the participants want to improve the aesthetics of their smile and only 17.1% all the functions of the stomatognathic system. Conclusion: The need for orthodontic treatment is relatively low in the young population, with the main motivation being to improve the aesthetic aspect. From an aesthetic standpoint, the need for treatment is greater, with more than half of the participants classified as needing treatment.

Introduction: Behavioral management approaches are employed with youngsters who are scared or unwilling to cooperate. Podiatric patients’ discomfort and anxiety can be alleviated by the use of pharmacologic sedation, anesthesia, and analgesia. Oral sedative midazolam is frequently prescribed for children because of its safety, rapid onset, and mild amnesia, all of which make it a popular choice among pediatricians. Midazolam/ketamine and its combinations are discussed in this review article, covering the advantages of using oral route of sedation, pharmacokinetics and range of oral dosages, and the use of antagonists for clinical dentistry treatment procedures.

The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes regarding the oral health of preschoolers and school children among educators and teachers in Iasi. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the general knowledge of the oral health of teachers was correct, except for the management of dental trauma. The results of our study indicate the need for educational programs addressed to teachers in both kindergartens and schools.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to validate the Romanian version of the SAQLI, which is a health-related quality of life questionnaire specific for OSA patients. Material and methods: All patients completed the following questionnaires: Romanian version of SAQLI, Epworth and FOSQ scale. The psychometric properties (internal consistency, construct validity, repeatability) of the SAQLI wich consist in four domains: daily function, social interactions, emotional function and symptoms. Results: 30 patients were included for study (mean age: 62 ±10, with an Epworth scale of 10±2, mean of FOSQ was 79 ±12). Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha between 0.72 to 0.89) and validity for Epworth scale and FOSQ were appropriate. Conclusions: The Romanian version of the SAQLI is a valid quality of life measurement with appropriate psychometric properties for use in patients with OSA.

Aim of the study: the study on the allergic, inflammatory and toxic reactions of the dental alloys. Material and method: Oral clinical examination followed the presence of reactions due to some release elements in the oral environment. Morphopathological examination allowed to assess the reactivity of oral tissues who were in direct contact with dental materials. Results: the subjective symptoms incriminated was: metallic taste, burning sensations, decrease in taste sensitivity, etc. association with general status. Objective symptoms was: allergic, inflammatory, and chimico-toxic mechano-iritative reactions. Mophopatologic examen show atrophic aspects of oral mucosa with decrease dimension and papiles brides, or hipertrophic aspect, with inflammatory infiltration in the corion and distrophic lesions with to break off epithelium integrity. Conclusions: metallic restorations may determine unfavorable interactions between alloys and oral adjacent structures with severe clinical implications.

In the field of medical research there is a current trend to explore the importance and symptoms of saliva. This question, which more and more researchers in the forensic, systemic and dental fields have tried to answer and at the same time bring arguments for paying more attention, is related to the exhaustive and diagnostic role of saliva in the patient’s health. Conclusions. Given the central role that saliva plays in maintaining oral health and the benefits of using saliva as a diagnostic tool, a general knowledge of the basic physiology of saliva is important from the point of view of clinical practice.

White spot lesions are defined as demineralization of the enamel surface, which does not form cavities and can be reversible. The resin infiltration technique has been used successfully in dentistry, preventing the evolution of dental caries in an early stage. ICON is a commercially available infiltration resin with low viscosity, consisting of a resin matrix based on methacrylate, initiators, and additives. One of the considerable advantages of this product is that it does not require the preparation of lesions, the treatment being atraumatic and without the use of anesthesia. The purpose of this presentation is to evaluate the aesthetic, functional efficacy of infiltration resin for a patient, immediately after treatment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate epidemiological data on respiratory healthcare-associated infections in Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Clinic of the “Sfântul Spiridon” Emergency Clinical Hospital in Iași between 2011 and 2018. Material and methods. A retrospective study on respiratory HAI between 2011 and 2018 was initiated at the OMF Clinic Iași . Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS 24 system. Results. The overall incidence of respiratory infections among the 231 HAI cases was of 15,5 %, 6,9% for bronchopneumonia and 8,7% for tracheobronchitis. Infection incidence was higher for women and patients of 36-65 years group. Conclusions. The assessment of the epidemiologic data and the identification of involved pathogens for respiratory healthcare-associated infections is necessary for their surveillance, control and prevention.

Chewing is the first step in the process of digestion and is meant to prepare the food for swallowing and further processing in the digestive system. During chewing, the food bolus or food particles are reduced in size and saliva is secreted to moisten and lubricate the food. The urge to swallow the food could be triggered by a threshold level in both food particle size and lubrication of the food bolus. The physiological masticatory behavior is essentially defined, by the ability of different muscle groups to act alternately, correlated, integrated and nuanced, to achieve an effectively adapted mastication. Human chewing behavior is one of the most complex physiological behaviors.

Aim of the study The research aimed to evaluate the conventional method to establish the posterior marginal closure of the upper dentures. Material and methods. For the present study, 8 complete edentulous patients were selected for specialized treatment. The technique for making dentures was the classic one. On the engraved cast, the posterior dam of the upper denture was performed. The final dentures were thus made on the engraved cast and the marginal closure was then tested. Results and discussions. When analyzing the clinical appearance and color of the post dam area, no change was found in 6 of the 8 patients studied. In one case, a depression was observed in two of the 8 cases, 30 days after wearing the dentures. It is accepted that the posterior edge of the upper denture must end at the posterior vibrating line. Pressure within physiological limits can be exerted in the area between the anterior and posterior vibration lines to help maintain the dentures. Conclusions. It follows from the present investigation that the arbitrary method of engraving the functional cast used to establish the posterior dam area is an acceptable method

The prevention of oral diseases (dental caries, periodontal disease, peri-implant diseases) must become the main way to act both individually and in community in order to reduce the risk of local and loco-regional complications and to reduce the financial burden of secondary and tertiary prevention of these diseases.

The improvement of the basic properties of dental restorative materials, such as their mechanical, physical, aesthetic, and bonding properties, has been dramatic and the current materials on the market show excellent clinical performance. This review article compiles the characteristics of ceramic dentures materials and the efforts made in order to improve the main features and to point out future perspectives.

The study aim was to assess the level of dental anxiety in a group of children aged 4-12 years and to identify the factors associated with them. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on a sample of 70 children that were asked to complete the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (faces) (MCDASf) questionnaire. The children’s dental behaviour was assessed using the Frankl’s behavioral rating ​​scale. Results. A cumulative distribution was observed for the negative behavior of children (Frankl ≤ 2) in equal percentages between the two genders. The results of the Frankl behavioral rating ​​scale were relatively correlated, with reduced statistical significance with the children gender (r = -0.294, p

For the vast majority of the population, natural medicine still continues to show its dominant role in the health system and this is especially true in developing countries. The foundations of modern medicine lie in antiquity, in the discoveries of ancient human civilizations regarding the plant world. Flavonoids, an important group of natural substances with variable structures, belong to a class of secondary metabolites of plants and are widely found in fruits, vegetables, grains, roots, stems, flowers, tea and wine. These natural sources are well known for their beneficial effects on health and efforts are currently being made to isolate and extract plant compounds. Quercetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, has unique biological properties that can improve mental / physical performance. These properties are formed based on the potential benefits for general health and disease resistance, including anti-carcinogens, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant and psychostimulant activities, as well as the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation, platelet aggregation and capillary permeability and mitochondrial stimulation of biogenesis.

Introduction: Provisional restorations must protect the fresh cut enamel, protect the dental pulp, produce occlusal rebalancing and especially restore the lost aesthetic function Data are needed to help predict color stability of provisional resins. The present study was conducted to assess discoloring of PMMA and bis-acrylic based interim crowns in different conditions, after a certain period of time, respectively 7 days and 60 day of submersing the samples both in artificial saliva and in solutions that will cause a change of color. The solutions that we chose were made of artificial saliva and coffee and artificial saliva and green tea, which are the most common beverage among patients.

ntroduction. In the current demographic context and new technologies, it is necessary for medical services to adapt to the growing characteristics and needs of this important population segment, by establishing tools for assessment, prevention and appropriate, minimally invasive prosthetic treatments to improve oral status and systemically and respectively the quality of life of this category of disadvantaged patients, in numerical increase.

Because it is well known that T cells are a heterogeneous population, and a balance between functionally of different T cell subsets is crucial in immune regulation, a series of studies have attempted to associate an impaired balance between each T cell subset and periodontal disease progression. This review aims is to give a perspective on the importance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, considering that the activity of this disease is determined by a complex interaction between the immune system and periodontal pathogens. Because Treg cells modulate both innate and adaptive immunity, it may be helpful to use therapeutic strategies which apply the immunosuppressive abilities of Treg cells in periodontal disease. The re-examination of existing periodontal literature and further studies in the light of these new discoveries may help explain how the inflammatory response results in damage to the periodontium while generally failing to control the pathogens. This knowledge would be essential in order to develop interventional strategies to protect and minimize the destructive aspects of the periodontal host response.

Classic metallic biomaterials, such as type 316 austenitic stainless steels, Co-Cr alloys and titanium alloys, are recognized for their excellent mechanical properties that recommend them to be used primarily in the execution of implants to assist in the healing of human hard tissues in dentistry .But, at the same time, it is known that corrosion resistance in the human body, the emission of metal ions in adjacent tissues and a low biocompatibility compared to other classes of biomaterials are negative aspects of metal alloys. For this reason, numerous studies and research aim to improve the corrosion resistance of metal alloys used as biomaterials .This classic pattern of metallic biomaterials has been changed relatively recently by the advent of biodegradable metals and alloys.Biodegradable metals are metals that gradually corrode in vivo , with the host organism having an appropriate response to corrosion products, which will completely dissolve in the body after the mission of healing the surrounding tissue. Therefore, the major component of biodegradable metals would be the essential metallic elements, which can be metabolized by the human body and demonstrate the rate of degradation in the human body.

The aim of this study was to evaluate epidemiological data on healthcare-associated infections in Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Clinic of the “Sfântul Spiridon” Emergency Clinical Hospital in Iași between 2011 and 2018. Material and methods. A retrospective study on HAI between 2011 and 2018 was initiated at the Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Clinic of the “Sfântul Spiridon” Emergency Clinical Hospital in Iași. Results. Among 21277 surveyed patients the prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 0,72%. The types of diagnosed HAI were the surgical site infections (54,11%), respiratory infections (15,58 %), device associated infections (14,29%), digestive tract infections (5,63%), urinary tract infections (5,63%), septicemia (2,16%) and cutaneous infections (1,73%).Conclusions. The assessment of the epidemiologic data, risk factors and trends of healthcare-associated infections are necessary for their surveillance, control and prevention.

Bone seen as tissue is an extremely dynamic biological system, comprising a series of tightly regulated and synergistic anabolic and catabolic processes that lead to a metabolic homeostasis corresponding to skeletal structures. Osteoporosis is defined as an evolutive disease of the skeletal system characterized by loss of bone mass and alterations in the microarchitecture of bone tissue, resulting in increased bone fragility and the risk of fractures. Osteoporosis has gained a huge resonance in recent years both personally and economically. In this review we are going to present some of the best known bone markers of resorption and bone formation, determined from blood and / or urine samples. Research for new biomarkers, which can predict abnormal bone mass loss at various stages of the disease, is ongoing. The impact of osteoporosis on the susceptibility of the host to periodontal damage is still being understood. It is clear that the efforts should be directed towards the prevention of periodontal disease in patients at risk for osteoporosis. Patients with osteoporosis should benefit from frequent periodontal treatments, especially if periodontal disease is already present. Starting from the studies collected from the literature, it is very interesting to define the relationship of periodontal disease and osteoporosis following a series of markers of bone resorption in patients diagnosed with periodontal disease. A better understanding of the relationship between the two diseases, osteoporosis and periodontal disease, would help in the preventive and therapeutic measures as soon as it is possible.

Introduction. The adhesion of microorganisms and the formation of dental plaque on acrylic denture surfaces are the primary causes of several oral diseases. To form the polymer, PMMA pre polymerized fine particles are mixed with a liquid monomer resulting in chains of polymer. PMMA provisional materials are susceptible to bacterial adhesion and colonization when compared to materials used for final restorations due to the increased surface roughness

The oral cavity represents an area access zone from the external environment to the internal areas of the body and saliva is at the interface between microbial ecosystems and oral immune cells. Any imbalance of saliva physiology has an impact on oral and systemic health. Elevated inflammatory cytokines in saliva, for example, activates dysbiosis (disease) of periodontal tissues, feeding forward tissue inflammation, leading to oral tissue loss. Host–microbiome interactions complex modulate pathological transitions including gingivitis, periodontal diseases, and oral cancer. However, mechanisms involving these interactions are poorly understood at the molecular level.

With a great prevalence, diseases of the oral cavity and respective tissues are a highly relevant global health issue. The common oral diseases, such as tooth loss, chewing deficiencies and quality of life impairment, oral and systemic disease interaction are apparent. It is very clear already that systemic diseases and conditions have the ability to create a risk of developing oral diseases for example periodontitis; on the other hand, oral inflammation can have an effect on cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory or bone health. Moreover, several general diseases are related to a potential risk of complications in dental therapy.

Dental hypersensitivity is a frequent condition found in the adult population, and it is defined as a pain which appears as a result of the action of a chemical, thermal or tactile stimulus, with a short duration of time . The most frequent causes of dental hypersensitivity are: sensitivity post whitening procedure, gingival recession, abrasion, enamel and dentinal erosion. The use of different desensitizing substances aims to obliterate the exposed dentinal tubules and reduce pulpal sensitivity. The aim of this study is to comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of two fluoridation products (gel and varnish) to reduce dentinal hypersensitivity. Matherial and methods: The study was conducted at the “Grigore T. Popa” Univeristy of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dental Faculty of Iasi, Romania, Discipline of Oro-Dental Prevention. The study had a duration of 6 weeks, on a group of 30 subjects aged 18 to 70 years with dental hypersensitivity. Tactile and cold hypersensitivity was determined. Subjects were divided into 3 groups for each group using a specific type of fluoridation product: group 1- Placebo (chlorhexidine gel – oral Elugelgel, 40 ml (Pierre Fabre), group 2 – Fluoride Protector Gel 20g (Ivoclar, Liechteinstein), group 3- Profluorid Varnish Single Dose 0.40ml (Voco GmbH, Germany). Results: The results of our study show a decrease in sensitivity to the groups in which fluoridation was performed compared to the placebo group. Regarding the reduction of sensitivity compared to gels and varnishes, it was observed that the use of varnish determined a more significant reduction of sensitivity compared to the gel even after the second application. Conclusions: The desensitizing agents used in the current clinical trial have been shown to be effective in reducing dental hypersensitivity with a statistically significant reduction in pain compared to the placebo group, and varnish has been shown to be more effective in reducing dentinal sensitivity compared to the gel tested.

Corrosion and dissolving of thin films laid on the surface of restorative materials represents two phenomena which take place in salivary environment (natural or artificial). Degradation of metallic and nonmetallic materials is, usually, a combination of electrochemical and mechanical effects. In a watery environment, like the salivary environment, electrochemical corrosion prevails, associated in lower proportions with the occurrence of chemical corrosion cells (uniform dissolving of the restorative dental material). Above these two phenomena, a third form of corrosion takes place in the oral environment, biologic corrosion, held under the direct influence of the bacterial microflora.

Introduction. The rapidly increasing aging population of developed countries is expected to escalate the demand for prosthodontic treatment, especially that of removable dentures, which remains the most common treatment option for elderly, edentulous individuals. Polymer coating is a valuable surface modification technique for preparation of biomedical devices. Materials for prostheses, such as acrylic resins, represent a perfect support for biofilm formation.Conclusions. Future investigations should be carried out aiming to develop systems that allow the total drug release

The improvement of the basic properties of dental restorative materials, such as their mechanical, physical, aesthetic, and bonding properties, has been dramatic and the current materials on the market show excellent clinical performance. This review article compiles the characteristics of resin based dentures materials and the efforts made in order to improve the main features and to point out future perspectives.

The evolution of electrolytes and auxiliary technologies made the galvanizing process reborn after a period of 50 years of setback. Galvanizing parameters are represented by the temperature of the bath, the movement of the electrolyte or the object to be galvanized, the current density and the pH of the bath. Through these factors the galvanization can be directed as needed. Galvanoforming technology in dental prosthetics has a number of features compared to other technologies in dentistry. The success of a galvanoformed prosthetic part is ensured only when all the factors that can negatively influence the process have been eliminated. Adaptation of galvanized gold cape is very accurate, the marginally hiatus of the cape and the abutment being 18 μ m , the required space for the cement film. In their dispute with similar entirely ceramic restorations, the mixed galvanic-ceramic crowns emerged victorious, at least compared to those made of feldspar ceramics. Galvanoformation , a technology as old as it is new conquered almost all fields of prosthodontics.

Introduction: The adolescence period is the ideal phase for developing a healthy lifestyle that will be consolidated into a long-term mindset of self-care. In terms of dental health, this phase represents the moment of increased risk of caries due to poor control of the bacterial biofilm and decreased interest in oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of the homogenousbehavior, the efficiency of the methods of transmitting the educational message as well as the perception on the oral health among adolescents.Material and methods: In the cross-sectional analytical, qualitative and quantitative study carried out in three stages, 80 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 16 attended. The study was conducted between November 2018 – March 2019. Results: The results showed that it was possible to analyze adolescents’ knowledge about oral health, while demonstrating the importance of developing health education methods and the most attractive methods for this age group.Conclusion: Regardless of the method of health education, adolescents were aware of the importance of oral health. The level of sanogenous knowledge has improved after conducting health education sessions. The educational methods used during this study had a positive impact on oral health knowledge, with individual demonstrations and participation being the most effective strategies for acquiring and assimilating oral health knowledge.

Background and Objectives: College life is a time when students take more responsibility for health-related behaviors. Aim: To determine the oral health behaviors of dental students, to motivate their transformation into cyanogenic behaviors by applying the planned behavior model, and to determine the degree to which students can modify behavior for oral health. Material and Methods: The results of the initial and final assessment (4 months apart) of the bacterial plaque present by means of the Quigley Hein and API indexes were collected from the student files. The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II -HPLP II and Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) questionnaires were used to determine the variables with predictor values that influence the cognitive-perceptual factors. Results: For the “health responsibility” domain, the average total value was 2.53 ± 0.9 (SD). For the “interpersonal relationships” domain, the average value was 2.82 ± 0.79. In the case of the “nutrition” domain, the desire to change the behavior of the participants was moderate (2.53 ± 1.19). “Physical activity” represents an important field in the everyday life of young adults. The results of the study indicated a moderate desire for change (2.52 ± 0.97). In the case of “spiritual growth”, in which self-esteem, the way the individual perceives the environment and the adaptation to it were evaluated, a great desire for change was observed (2.74 ± 0.82). Scale GSE questionnaire showed an α coefficient of 28.52 ± 0.82, a value that indicated a moderate to a high level of efficacy and self-confidence. Conclusions: The results of the study showed that students have a moderate tendency to change in all areas, except for interpersonal relationships, where the desire to change something is increased. The participants have a moderate to a high level of self-efficacy and self-confidence.

Aims and Objectives: To investigate the trends in access to dental services among adults from the N-E region of Romania and to evaluate the factors that influence access to dental care. Material and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate the access and utilization of dental care among a sample of adults. We collected data on their demographic characteristics, their type of medical insurance, their monthly income, the type of dental office they visited, their reasons for choosing a certain type of dentist office, and their oral hygiene habits. It was found that their financial status determined by the occupation of the individual, as well as their monthly income, influenced their access to medical services. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: Of a total of 696 participants, 55.6% were female, 83.3% were from urban areas, 42.1% were retired, 62.3% of the subjects utilized dental emergency services, and 67.9% of the subjects self-funded their treatment. The reasons for women not attending dental offices included costs (24.3%) and dental fear (9.8%), while men’s reasons were high costs (26.4%) and lack of time (5.9%). Significant differences were recorded between gender and reasons for visiting the dentist (p = 0.018), payment for dental services (p = 0.009), and preferred clinic (p = 0.010). In relation to occupation, there were significant differences for most of the variables evaluated (reasons to visit a dentist, payment for dental services, preferred dental clinic, self-rated oral health, etc.). Conclusions: Gender, occupation, and monthly income levels were found to influence access to dental medicine services of Romanians in the N-E region. Dental services were frequently accessed for emergency reasons. Dental services were found to be paid for by state insurance for those with low monthly incomes and self-funded for those with higher monthly incomes.

Background and Objectives: The interaction between dental alloys and saliva affects both its own properties and those of metallic materials. Materials and Methods: Samples made of Cr-Co and Ni-Cr were studied. It was opted for corrosion under tension, scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the surface morphology, and the chemical composition of the surface was assessed with the help of an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer. In vitro testing of the cytotoxic impact of the study eluates was carried out by flow cytometric analysis. Results: Pitting areas appear in the mass of the Ni-Cr alloy. Nickel, Manganese, and Cobalt dissolve and go into the solution. Corrosion is superficial in the case of the Cr-Co alloy, the corrosion points are shallow, and the amount of dissolved metal is relatively small. Mostly Nickel passes into the solution, unlike Chromium and Cobalt, which remain at this level. We noticed an increase in the viability of cell cultures in the case of Cr-Co alloy and a decrease in the number of living cells (87%) for Ni-Cr alloy. Conclusions: Common alloys (Ni-Cr and Cr-Co) are prone to corrosion, because they lack structural features that would shield the alloy from corrosion agents.

Oral health is currently based on objective measures such as the presence and severity of dental caries and periodontal disease. In the last years, researchers and dentists have shown increasing interest in a widened array of physical, psychological, and social factors found to influence patients’ oral health. Being a nowadays dentist means valuing health promotion and disease prevention, as well as the use of empathy, deep listening, and appreciation of the patient’s intrinsic motivation and unique psychosocial history. Coaching requires from the dentist to integrate the art of social interaction with the cognitive elements of psychology and the science of dental medicine. In this article we analyze health coaching approach, and how different levels of coaching from student to dentist to patient can influence and improve health communication, encourage effective health-promoting behavior change and improve the lives off all implied.

Introduction: Bacterial accumulation on the dental surfaces is the main cause of oral pathology of both hard and soft tissues such as caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. Regular mechanical removal of the bacterial plaque is considered essential for preventing and stopping the progression of periodontal disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate comparatively the efficiency of bacterial plaque removal from dental structures by two methods: airflow and professional brushing. Material and methods: The study was made of 20 subjects who presented at the Dental Medicine Faculty, Prevention Discipline, of University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi for dental services. The study consisted in a questionnaire of 10 items regarding oral hygiene habits, a clinical evaluation and removal of the bacterial plaque by professional scaling and brushing. The data were recorded by clinical examination performed by a single examiner who evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively the presence of the bacterial plaque through the Quigley-Hein plaque index, the O`Leary index and the API (Approximal Plaque Index) index, but also the oral hygiene index. OHI (Oral Hygiene Index).The following steps consisted in two stages after initial evaluation: professional brushing and the reassessment of the bacterial plaque indices, and stage two, airflow followed by the reassessment of the bacterial plaque indices. The collected data was statistically analyzed using SPSS 16. and the mean, standard deviation, standard error, and paired t-test were calculated to obtain evidence based on scientific interpretation.Results: The results showed significant results between the two measures of professional cleaning especially when it comes to evaluation of the O’Leary index and the API index, the values for the second stage of treatment, the airbrush, being significantly decreased.There are differences between the OHI index and also Quigley Hein, but not in such an important degree, this being explained by the evaluated sites for plaque identification that are more easily cleaned by professional polishing. As suspected the highest difference was in AHI index, which is only another statement of how difficult is to properly clean the interproximal spaces. Conclusion: Periodic monitoring of the presence of the bacterial plaque through the established oral hygiene and bacterial plaque indices is an important method in the primary prevention of dental caries. However professional cleaning is mandatory at least once per year if not every six months, scaling combined with polishing and air flow has proven to be the golden standard for oral hygiene.