Search

Anguilla is a small Eastern Caribbean Island where a dialect called Anguillian English (AnE) has been spoken since the 17th century. Today, speakers of AnE use unique morphosyntactic features that differ from Standard English (SE). The purpose of this study was to analyze the language samples of ten AnE speakers using a synchronic, token-based approach to calculate the dialect rate of each speaker, elucidate the salient morphosyntactic features of AnE, investigate across- and within-speaker variation, and assign each participant a place along the creole continuum. The results indicated that in AnE, copula and auxiliary linking verbs “to be” may be variably realized. The habitual aspect may be expressed through use of “does” or “does be.” Plurality may be indicated through suffixation of plural -s or with “dem/them” as a post-nominal plural marker. “Dem/them” may also be used as a third person plural subject pronoun. Variation in these features was observed across the ten language samples. The total number of dialect features demonstrated by participants ranged from zero to 53 overall. Based on dialect rate, three participants appeared to speak an acrolect, three participants appeared to speak a mesolect, and four participants appeared to speak a basilect of Anguillian English.

Opposed to the repressive socio-economic political climate that resulted in the impoverishment of masses of Jamaicans, the Jamaican Rastafarians developed a language to resist societal oppression. This study examines that language--Dread Talk--as resistive language. Having determined that the other variations spoken in their community--Standard Jamaican English and Jamaican Creole--were inadequate to express their dispossessed circumstances, the Rastafarians forged an identity through their language that represents a resistant philosophy, music and religion. This resistance not only articulates their socio-political state, but also commands global attention. This study scrutinizes the lexical, phonological, and syntactical structures of the poetic music discourse of Dread Talk, the conscious deliberate fashioning of a language that purposefully expresses resistance to the political and social ideology of their native land, Jamaica.