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7. Pro-vegetarian dietary patterns and essential and heavy metal exposure in children of 4-5-years from the INfancia y medio Ambiente cohort (INMA)

Author

Oncina-Cánovas, Alejandro, Vioque, Jesús, Riutort-Mayol, Gabriel, Soler-Blasco, Raquel, Irizar, Amaia, Barroeta, Ziortza, Fernández-Somoano, Ana, Tardón, Adonina, Vrijheid, Martine, Guxens, Mònica, Carey, Manus, Meharg, Caroline, Ralphs, Kathryn, McCreanor, Coalain, Meharg, Andrew, and Signes-Pastor, Antonio J.

Published
2024
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9. Mitigation of inorganic arsenic in rice

Author

Carey, Manus, Meharg, Andrew, and Elliott, Christopher

Subjects
Inorganic arsenic, global survey, mitigation by parboiling/cooking, grain dilution
Abstract

Arsenic and its inorganic compounds are classified as class one non-threshold carcinogen. Arsenic’s main route in to the human body is by ingestion of rice, as rice is the staple diet of over half the world population. Here I present results from global survey of market available polished white rice, circa 1200 samples were analysed from 29 distinct sampling zones, across 6 continents. The global average for inorganic arsenic was 66 μg/kg, ranging from trace levels to 399 mg/kg. South America rice was universally high for inorganic arsenic, with the peak values coming from Europe. Only southern hemisphere, eastern latitudes had truly low inorganic arsenic rice, namely East Africa and the Southern Indonesian islands. Existing agronomic, growth management and breeding methods of arsenic mitigation are not only expensive and scale limited but also suffer from the diversity of soil and growing conditions around the globe preclude any clear answer. Two chapters in this thesis show that effective treatments allow significant reductions for inorganic arsenic grain content. Novel parboiling is shown to decrease the final polished grain inorganic arsenic by 25%, while enriching the calcium content by 213%. Cooking rice with percolating hot water is shown to reduce inorganic arsenic content by up to 85%, in conjunction with standard pre-soaking and washing. These relatively low technology solutions can be applied from rural settings through to urban kitchens. The last section of this thesis shows that the western market is reacting to the setting of guidelines and limits for inorganic arsenic content in certain foods, particularly foods aimed and children and babies. Although fewer pure rice products seemed available those tested showed lower inorganic arsenic levels, presumably by selective sourcing on behalf of the producers. Another approach was the dilution of inorganic arsenic by mixing with other gluten free grains.

Published
2020

11. Global Geographical Variation in Elemental and Arsenic Species Concentration in Paddy Rice Grain Identifies a Close Association of Essential Elements Copper, Selenium and Molybdenum with Cadmium

Author

Meharg, Andrew A., Meharg, Caroline, Carey, Manus, Williams, Paul, Shi, Zhengyu, Campbell, Katrina, Elliott, Christopher, Marwa, Ernest, Jiujin, Xiao, Farias, Júlia Gomes, Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., Lu, Ying, Green, Andy J., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, Sommella, Alessia, Pigna, Massimo, Brabet, Catherine, Montet, Didier, Hossain, Mahmud, and Islam, M. Rafiqul

Published
2022
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13. Global Sourcing of Low-Inorganic Arsenic Rice Grain

Author

Carey, Manus, Meharg, Caroline, Williams, Paul, Marwa, Ernest, Jiujin, Xiao, Farias, Júlia Gomes, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., Signes-Pastor, Antonio, Lu, Ying, Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira, Savage, Laurie, Campbell, Katrina, Elliott, Christopher, Adomako, Eureka, Green, Andy J., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, Triwardhani, Eridha Ayu, Pandiangan, Febbyandi Isanda, Haris, Parvez I., Lawgali, Youssef F., Sommella, Alessia, Pigna, Massimo, Brabet, Catherine, Montet, Didier, Njira, Keston, Watts, Michael J., and Meharg, Andrew A.

Published
2020
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14. Rice Grain Cadmium Concentrations in the Global Supply-Chain

Author

Shi, Zhengyu, Carey, Manus, Meharg, Caroline, Williams, Paul N., Signes-Pastor, Antonio J., Triwardhani, Eridha Ayu, Pandiangan, Febbyandi Isnanda, Campbell, Katrina, Elliott, Christopher, Marwa, Ernest M., Jiujin, Xiao, Farias, Júlia Gomes, Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., Lu, Ying, Norton, Gareth, Adomako, Eureka, Green, Andy J., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Zhu, Yongguan, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, Haris, Parvez I., Lawgali, Youssef F., Sommella, Alessia, Pigna, Massimo, Brabet, Catherine, Montet, Didier, Njira, Keston, Watts, Michael J., Hossain, Mahmud, Islam, M. Rafiqul, Tapia, Yasna, Oporto, Carla, and Meharg, Andrew A.

Published
2020
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16. Iodine status of teenage girls on the island of Ireland

Author

Mullan, Karen, Hamill, Lesley, Doolan, Katy, Young, Ian, Smyth, Peter, Flynn, Albert, Walton, Janette, Meharg, Andrew A., Carey, Manus, McKernan, Claire, Bell, Marcia, Black, Neil, Graham, Una, McCance, David, McHugh, Cathy, McMullan, Paul, McQuaid, Siobhan, O’Loughlin, Aonghus, Tuthill, Antoinette, Bath, Sarah C., Rayman, Margaret, and Woodside, Jayne V.

Published
2020
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22. Global geographical variation in elemental and arsenic species concentration in paddy rice grain identifies a close association of essential elements copper, selenium and molybdenum with cadmium

Author

Meharg, Andrew A., Meharg, Caroline, Carey, Manus, Williams, Paul N., Shi, Zhengyu, Campbell, Katrina, Elliott, Christopher T., Marwa, Enerst M., Jiujin, Xiao, Gomes Farias, Júlia, Teixeira Nicoloso, Fernando, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., Lu, Ying, Green, Andy, Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, Sommella, Alessia, Pigna, Massimo, Brabet, Catherine, Montet, Didier, Hossain, Mahmud, Islam, M. Rafiqul, Meharg, Andrew A., Meharg, Caroline, Carey, Manus, Williams, Paul N., Shi, Zhengyu, Campbell, Katrina, Elliott, Christopher T., Marwa, Enerst M., Jiujin, Xiao, Gomes Farias, Júlia, Teixeira Nicoloso, Fernando, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., Lu, Ying, Green, Andy, Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, Sommella, Alessia, Pigna, Massimo, Brabet, Catherine, Montet, Didier, Hossain, Mahmud, and Islam, M. Rafiqul

Abstract

Despite the centrality of staple grains for human well-being, both as a source of nutrients and of toxic ions, there is little understanding of where and how elements vary, and if there are particular elements that correlate. Here, for shop bought polished (white) rice, we comprehensively characterized trace (arsenic species, cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, rubidium and zinc) and macro-nutrients (calcium, chlorine, potassium, phosphorus and sulphur) for grain purchased in 18 countries, across four continents, a total of 1045 samples. This was to investigate if there were any major differences between geographic location and elemental content, and to observe if there were any patterns in elemental distribution. Greatest variation in the median was observed for the non-essential rubidium (15-fold) and arsenic species (fivefold). Rubidium was the highest in the Americas, lowest in Europe, while inorganic arsenic (iAs) and dimethylarsonic acid (DMA) were low for Africa and high in the South American and European continents. The highest concentrations of cadmium were found in Asian samples, and lowest in South America, with variation within these regions. At the extremes of individual counties, China had fivefold higher concentrations than the global median, while Tanzania was fourfold lower than this value. Calcium, potassium, molybdenum and phosphorus were the highest in European and lowest in African grain, though the fold-differences were relatively low, ~ 0.2, while iron was the highest in African grain and lowest in European, Asian and South American grain, with a ~ twofold difference. Selenium was also higher in Africa versus other regions, and copper, manganese and zinc were the highest in American grain. Factor analysis showed that copper, cadmium, molybdenum, rubidium and selenium were strongly associated together, and these element's factor loadings were diametrically opposed to less tightly associated calcium, chlorine, manganese, potassium, pho

Published
2023

25. Water Dilutes and Alcohol Concentrates Urinary Arsenic Species When Food is the Dominant Source of Exposure

Author

de Moraes, Natalia V., Carey, Manus, Neville, Charlotte E., Cruise, Sharon, McGuinness, Bernadette, Kee, Frank, Young, Ian S., Woodside, Jayne V., and Meharg, Andrew A.

Abstract

Exposure to certain arsenic (As) species has been associated with increased cancer risk and a wide range of other health concerns, even at low levels. Here we used urine as a biomarker of As internal dose in a well-characterized cohort to relate diet, demographics and geography to exposure. As speciation in spot urine samples was determined for 89 participants aged ≥ 50 years from the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NICOLA), stratified to cover the country. Principal component analysis showed that all As species clustered together, suggesting that arsenobetaine, inorganic As (iAs) and the methylated species monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid forms have a common source. Seafood and alcohol consumption were positively correlated with As species, while dairy products (i.e. milk) and tap water were negatively correlated. Multiple regression analysis showed that diet explained approximately 30% of the variability in urinary iAs concentrations. Geography was not found to be a predictor of As exposure. Dairy consumption was negatively correlated and the best predictor of iAs in urine, explaining 15.9% of the variability. The majority of the variation in As biomarkers was not explained, suggesting the contribution of other sources and other non-predicted variables on As metabolism and elimination.

Published
2024
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26. Rice Grain Cadmium Concentrations in the Global Supply-Chain

Author

Shi, Zhengyu, Carey, Manus, Meharg, Caroline, Williams, Paul N., Signes-Pastor, Antonio J., Triwardhani, Eridha Ayu, Pandiangan, Febbyandi Isnanda, Campbell, Katrina, Elliott, Christopher, Marwa, Ernest M., Jiujin, Xiao, Farias, Júlia Gomes, Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., Lu, Ying, Norton, Gareth, Adomako, Eureka, Green, Andy J., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Zhu, Yongguan, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, Haris, Parvez I., Lawgali, Youssef F., Sommella, Alessia, Pigna, Massimo, Brabet, Catherine, Montet, Didier, Njira, Keston, Watts, Michael J., Hossain, Mahmud, Islam, M. Rafiqul, Tapia, Yasna, Oporto, Carla, and Meharg, Andrew A.

Abstract

One of cadmium’s major exposure routes to humans is through rice consumption. The concentrations of cadmium in the global polished (white), market rice supply-chain were assessed in 2270 samples, purchased from retailers across 32 countries, encompassing 6 continents. It was found on a global basis that East Africa had the lowest cadmium with a median for both Malawi and Tanzania at 4.9 μg/kg, an order of magnitude lower than the highest country, China with a median at 69.3 μg/kg. The Americas were typically low in cadmium, but the Indian sub-continent was universally elevated. In particular certain regions of Bangladesh had high cadmium, that when combined with the high daily consumption rate of rice of that country, leads to high cadmium exposures. Concentrations of cadmium were compared to the European Standard for polished rice of 200 μg/kg and 5% of the global supply-chain exceeded this threshold. For the stricter standard of 40 μg/kg for processed infant foods, for which rice can comprise up to 100% by composition (such as rice porridges, puffed rice cereal and cakes), 25% of rice would not be suitable for making pure rice baby foods. Given that rice is also elevated in inorganic arsenic, the only region of the world where both inorganic arsenic and cadmium were low in grain was East Africa.

Published
2024
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27. Global Sourcing of Low-Inorganic Arsenic Rice Grain

Author

Carey, Manus, Meharg, Caroline, Williams, Paul, Marwa, Ernest, Jiujin, Xiao, Farias, Júlia Gomes, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., Signes-Pastor, Antonio, Lu, Ying, Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira, Savage, Laurie, Campbell, Katrina, Elliott, Christopher, Adomako, Eureka, Green, Andy J., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, Triwardhani, Eridha Ayu, Pandiangan, Febbyandi Isanda, Haris, Parvez I., Lawgali, Youssef F., Sommella, Alessia, Pigna, Massimo, Brabet, Catherine, Montet, Didier, Njira, Keston, Watts, Michael J., and Meharg, Andrew A.

Abstract

Arsenic in rice grain is dominated by two species: the carcinogen inorganic arsenic (the sum of arsenate and arsenite) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Rice is the dominant source of inorganic arsenic into the human diet. As such, there is a need to identify sources of low-inorganic arsenic rice globally. Here we surveyed polished (white) rice across representative regions of rice production globally for arsenic speciation. In total 1180 samples were analysed from 29 distinct sampling zones, across 6 continents. For inorganic arsenic the global x~was 66 μg/kg, and for DMA this figure was 21 μg/kg. DMA was more variable, ranging from < 2 to 690 μg/kg, while inorganic arsenic ranged from < 2 to 399 μg/kg. It was found that inorganic arsenic dominated when grain sum of species was < 100 μg/kg, with DMA dominating at higher concentrations. There was considerable regional variance in grain arsenic speciation, particularly in DMA where temperate production regions had higher concentrations. Inorganic arsenic concentrations were relatively consistent across temperate, subtropical and northern hemisphere tropical regions. It was only in southern hemisphere tropical regions, in the eastern hemisphere that low-grain inorganic arsenic is found, namely East Africa (x~< 10 μg/kg) and the Southern Indonesian islands (x~< 20 μg/kg). Southern hemisphere South American rice was universally high in inorganic arsenic, the reason for which needs further exploration.

Published
2024
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28. Recycled Household Ash in Rice Paddies of Bangladesh for Sustainable Production of Rice Without Altering Grain Arsenic and Cadmium

Author

Gupta, Yogesh, primary, Hossain, Mahmud, additional, Islam, M. Rafiqul, additional, Talukder, Md. Moyeed Hasan, additional, Khokon, Md. Atiqur Rahman, additional, Uddin, Mohammad Mahir, additional, Kabir, Humayun, additional, Carey, Manus, additional, Ralphs, Kathryn, additional, de Moraes, Natalia Valadares, additional, Meharg, Andrew A., additional, and Meharg, Caroline, additional

Published
2023
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29. Correction to: Global Sourcing of Low-Inorganic Arsenic Rice Grain

Author

Carey, Manus, Meharg, Caroline, Williams, Paul, Marwa, Ernest, Jiujin, Xiao, Farias, Júlia Gomes, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., Signes-Pastor, Antonio, Lu, Ying, Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira, Savage, Laurie, Campbell, Katrina, Elliott, Christopher, Adomako, Eureka, Green, Andy J., Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, Triwardhani, Eridha Ayu, Pandiangan, Febbyandi Isanda, Haris, Parvez I., Lawgali, Youssef F., Sommella, Alessia, Pigna, Massimo, Brabet, Catherine, Montet, Didier, Njira, Keston, Watts, Michael J., and Meharg, Andrew A.

Published
2020
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33. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and metal exposure during childhood in the INMA study

Author

Notario, Leyre, primary, Soler, Raquel, additional, Riutort, Gabriel, additional, Ibarluzea, Jesús, additional, Santa-Marina, Loreto, additional, Vrijheid, Martine, additional, Vioque, Jesús, additional, Meharg, Andrew, additional, Carey, Manus, additional, Casas, Maribel, additional, Tardón, Adonina, additional, Fernández Somoano, Ana, additional, and Signes Pastor, Antonio J, additional

Published
2022
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34. Arsenic exposure and respiratory outcomes during childhood in the INMA study

Author

Signes Pastor, Antonio José, primary, Díaz-Coto, Susana, additional, Martinez-Camblor, Pablo, additional, Carey, Manus, additional, Soler-Blasco, Raquel, additional, García-Villarino, Miguel, additional, Fernández-Somoano, Ana, additional, Julvez, Jordi, additional, Carrasco, Paula, additional, Lertxundi, Aitana, additional, Santa Marina, Loreto, additional, Casas, Maribel, additional, Meharg, Andrew A., additional, Karagas, Margaret R., additional, and Vioque-Lopez, Jesús, additional

Published
2022
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35. Arsenic exposure and respiratory outcomes during childhood in the INMA study

Author

Signes-Pastor, Antonio J., primary, Díaz-Coto, Susana, additional, Martinez-Camblor, Pablo, additional, Carey, Manus, additional, Soler-Blasco, Raquel, additional, García-Villarino, Miguel, additional, Fernández-Somoano, Ana, additional, Julvez, Jordi, additional, Carrasco, Paula, additional, Lertxundi, Aitana, additional, Santa Marina, Loreto, additional, Casas, Maribel, additional, Meharg, Andrew A., additional, Karagas, Margaret R., additional, and Vioque-Lopez, Jesús, additional

Published
2022
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39. Global geographical variation elemental and arsenic species concentration in paddy rice grain identifies a close association of essential elements copper, selenium and molybdenum with cadmium.

Author

Meharg, Prof. Andrew, primary, Meharg, Caroline, additional, Carey, Manus, additional, Williams, Paul, additional, Shi, Zhengyu, additional, Campbell, Katrina, additional, Elliott, Christopher, additional, Marwa, Ernest, additional, Jiujin, Xiao, additional, Farias, Júlia Gomes, additional, Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira, additional, De Silva, P. Mangala C.S., additional, Lu, Ying, additional, Green, Andy J., additional, Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, additional, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, additional, Sommella, Alessia, additional, Pigna, Massimo, additional, Brabet, Catherine, additional, Montet, Didier, additional, Hossain, Mahmud, additional, and Islam, M. Rafiqul, additional

Published
2022
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43. Fern, Dicranopteris linearis, derived phytoliths in soil

Author

Nguyen, Minh N., Meharg, Andy A., Carey, Manus, Dultz, Stefan, Marone, Federica, Cichy, Sarah Bettina, Tran, Chinh T., Le, Giang H., Mai, Nga T., and Nguyen, Thinh T. H.

Subjects
ddc:550, Institut für Geowissenschaften
Abstract

Ferns are among the most popular groups of plants in the tropics and subtropics, and their role as carbon sequestrators has been widely recognized. However, there is little understanding of the silicaceous structures (phytoliths) of ferns, rate of phytolith turnover, the consequences for organic matter sequestered in phytoliths and consequences for other soil properties. In the study reported here, high-resolution X-ray tomographic microscopy and chemical characterization were applied to examine the traits of phytoliths of the fern Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.f.) Underw. (D. linearis), with a focus on their dissolution properties and accumulation in northern Vietnamese soils in relation to soil properties. Tomographic images revealed an inter-embedding structure of silica and organic matter, especially in leaf-derived material. We propose that organic matter and silica can preserve each other against decomposition. In batch experiments, there was a relatively small rate of dissolution of phytoliths with dry ashing and subsequent H2O2 treatment. Silicon (Si) dissolution for D. linearis phytolith samples was much less than that for rice phytoliths. Despite the fact that the aluminum (Al) content was large in D. linearis leaves, batch dissolution data did not confirm a relation between Al and the slow rate of phytolith dissolution. The soil phytolith content varied from 0.9 to 7.5 g kg(-1) in the topsoil across the mountainous areas in northern Vietnam, whereas it tended to be smaller in the subsoil. The data indicate a relation between phytolith and soil organic matter, clay content, oxalate-soluble Al and electrical conductivity, suggesting that these soil properties are among the important factors affecting the size of the soil phytolith Si pool. Highlights

Published
2019

44. Lead isotope analysis and oral bioaccessibility testing for source apportionment in kindergarten microenvironments

Author

Marinho Reis, A. Paula, Etler, Vojtěch, Mihaljevič, Martin, Cocerva, Tatiana, Carey, Manus, Cox, Siobhan, Cabral-Pinto, Marina, Cave, Mark, Noack,Yves, and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Ciências Naturais::Ciências da Terra e do Ambiente
Abstract

The Labex DRIIHM, French programme "Investissements d'Avenir" (ANR-11-LABX-0010), COMPETE 2020 (Programa Operacional da Competitividade e Internacionalização), project ICT (UID/GEO/04683/2019) with reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007690, project GeoBioTec (UID/GEO/04035/2019), PACOPAR.

Published
2019

46. Additional file 14: of Microbiome and ecotypic adaption of Holcus lanatus (L.) to extremes of its soil pH range, investigated through transcriptome sequencing

Author

Young, Ellen, Carey, Manus, Meharg, Andrew, and Meharg, Caroline

Abstract

Significantly expressed and KOG annotated Glomeromycotina transcripts in root and shoot in each soil. The number of significantly expressed and KOG annotated Glomeromycotina transcripts (All) is defined as the number of transcripts that obtained ≥5 aligned reads in at least 3 samples from each of the following treatments: root acid bog soil (RA), root lime soil (RL), shoot acid bog soil (SA) and shoot lime soil (SL). Significant ecotype effects (absolute log2FC ≥ 1 or ≤ − 1, FDR

Published
2018
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49. Global Sourcing of Low-Inorganic Arsenic Rice Grain

Author

Carey, Manus, primary, Meharg, Caroline, additional, Williams, Paul, additional, Marwa, Ernest, additional, Jiujin, Xiao, additional, Farias, Júlia Gomes, additional, De Silva, P. Mangala C. S., additional, Signes-Pastor, Antonio, additional, Lu, Ying, additional, Nicoloso, Fernando Teixeira, additional, Savage, Laurie, additional, Campbell, Katrina, additional, Elliott, Christopher, additional, Adomako, Eureka, additional, Green, Andy J., additional, Moreno-Jiménez, Eduardo, additional, Carbonell-Barrachina, Ángel Antonio, additional, Triwardhani, Eridha Ayu, additional, Pandiangan, Febbyandi Isanda, additional, Haris, Parvez I., additional, Lawgali, Youssef F., additional, Sommella, Alessia, additional, Pigna, Massimo, additional, Brabet, Catherine, additional, Montet, Didier, additional, Njira, Keston, additional, Watts, Michael J., additional, and Meharg, Andrew A., additional

Published
2019
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