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Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and disabling but seem particularly tractable to investigation with translational neuroscience methodologies. Neuroimaging has informed our understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety disorders, but research has been limited by small sample sizes and low statistical power, as well as heterogenous imaging methodology. The ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group has brought together researchers from around the world, in a harmonized and coordinated effort to address these challenges and generate more robust and reproducible findings. This paper elaborates on the concepts and methods informing the work of the working group to date, and describes the initial approach of the four subgroups studying generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. At present, the ENIGMA‐Anxiety database contains information about more than 100 unique samples, from 16 countries and 59 institutes. Future directions include examining additional imaging modalities, integrating imaging and genetic data, and collaborating with other ENIGMA working groups. The ENIGMA consortium creates synergy at the intersection of global mental health and clinical neuroscience, and the ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group extends the promise of this approach to neuroimaging research on anxiety disorders., Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and disabling but seem particularly tractable to investigation with translational neuroscience methodologies. Neuroimaging has informed our understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety disorders, but research has been limited by small sample sizes and low statistical power, as well as heterogenous imaging methodology. The ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group has brought together researchers from around the world, in a harmonized and coordinated effort to address these challenges and generate more robust and reproducible findings. The ENIGMA consortium creates synergy at the intersection of global mental health and clinical neuroscience, and the ENIGMA‐Anxiety Working Group extends the promise of this approach to neuroimaging research on anxiety disorders.

Nel 1933 i Professori della Scuola Medica genovese V. Maragliano, GB. Cardinale e A. Vallebona decisero di proporre come Santo Patrono e Protettore dei Radiologi, San Michele Arcangelo. L’iniziativa dei Grandi Maestri genovesi della Radiologia fu accolta subito dai colleghi con grande entusiasmo. Venne quindi inoltrata richiesta scritta di “supplica” a Papa Pio XII per ottenere il riconoscimento ufficiale da parte della Chiesa cattolica. La scelta dell’Arcangelo Michele fu motivata dai Professori in quanto Santo che, nell’iconografia religiosa, è l’unico a vestire l’armatura, è guardiano del Paradiso e conduce le anime a Dio. Inoltre il Santo rappresenta, il trionfo della luce del bene contro le tenebre del male. La Sacra Congregazione dei Riti, emanò in data 15 gennaio 1941 il decreto che costituiva: “Sanctus Michael, Archangelus pro radiologis et radiumtherapeuticis patronus et protector declaratus”., In 1933 the Professors of Genoa School of Medicine V. Maragliano, GB. Cardinale, and A. Vallebona proposed to designate Saint Michael the Archangel as Patron Saint and Protector of Radiologists. The proposal of Italian radiology scientists was immediately accepted by colleagues with great enthusiasm. A petition was then sent to Pope Pius XII to obtain official recognition by the Catholic Church. The choice of the Holy Archangel Michael was argued by the Professors because he is the Saint who, in religious iconography, is the one who wears armor, is the guardian of paradise, and leads souls to God. Moreover, the Saint represents the triumph of the Light of Good against the darkness of evil. On January 15, 1941, the Sacred Congregation of Rites issued the decree that constituted: “Sanctus Michael, Archangelus pro radiologis et radiumtherapeuticis patronus et protector declaratus”.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne viral disease widespread in Africa. The primary cycle involves mosquitoes, and wild and domestic ruminant hosts. Humans are usually contaminated after contact with infected ruminants. As many environmental, agricultural, epidemiological and anthropogenic factors are implicated in RVF spread, the multidisciplinary One Health approach was needed to identify the drivers of RVF epidemics in Madagascar. We examined the environmental patterns associated with these epidemics, comparing human and ruminant serological data with environmental and cattle-trade data. In contrast to East Africa, environmental drivers did not trigger the epidemics: they only modulated local RVFV transmission in ruminants. Instead, RVFV was introduced through ruminant trade and subsequent movement of cattle between trade hubs caused its long-distance spread within the country. Contact with cattle brought in from infected districts was associated with higher infection risk in slaughterhouse workers. The finding that anthropogenic rather than environmental factors are the main drivers of RVF infection in humans can be used to design better prevention and early detection in case of RVF resurgence in the region.

National audience; The requirements of quality concern the same regulations for the consumers of the South as well as the North. However, the contextof southern countries in terms of climatic conditions as well as sociological or economic leads to differentiated positions. The contextof the South returns to the need for setting up specific control systems, and for establishing standards according to the concernedmarkets. The characterization of the livestock products specific to tropical countries (for example creole animal meat in the WestIndies or camel milk in the Middle East) is a step to precisely tackle the question of the standards applicable in southern countries. Quality consequently becomes a social construction effectively being be based on a participative approach implying all the stakeholdersof a sector. Lastly, it is advisable to distinguish the niches from the market concerned, international, local or regional, withsouthern countries being able to adapt accordingly as with the cattle market in southern Africa.; Les exigences de la qualité relèvent des mêmes droits des consommateurs au Sud comme au Nord. Toutefois le contexte des pays du Sud tant en termes de conditions climatiques que sociologiques ou économiques induit des positionnements différenciés. Les contextes du Sud renvoient à la nécessité de mettre en place des systèmes de contrôle parfois spécifiques et de réfléchir à l’obligation d’établir des normes en fonction des marchés visés. La caractérisation des produits animaux spécifiques aux pays tropicaux (par exemple la viande des animaux créoles aux Antilles ou lait de chamelle au Moyen-Orient) est une étape pour aborder justement la question des normes applicables dans les pays du Sud. La qualité devient dès lors une construction sociale pouvant efficacement s’appuyer sur une approche participative impliquant tous les acteurs d’une filière. Enfin, il convient de distinguer les niches du marché visé, international, local ou régional, les pays du Sud sachant s’adapter en fonction de ceux-ci comme le montre l’exemple du marché du bétail de l’Afrique Australe.

International audience

L'expérience du Cameroun montre que les acquis des campagnes d'éradication des glossines s'avèrent difficiles à préserver. Les mouvements incessants du bétail favorisent en effet la ré-infestation des pâturages assainis. Pour sauvegarder la qualité de l'environnement pastoral, les éleveurs se doivent aujourd'hui d'intervenir avec leurs propres moyens. Une expérience est conduite en ce sens avec les éleveurs peuls de la région sud de Garoua. Un éclairage méthodologique est apporté afin d'expliquer l'adhésion des acteurs au programme de lutte contre les glossines. La conception des actions repose sur l'étude des pratiques des éleveurs et sur l'analyse du système d'information auquel ils ont accès. A la lumière de ces éléments de réflexion, la collaboration entre les différents acteurs s'articule et conduit à la diffusion de l'innovation ainsi qu'à l'organisation d'une filère d'approvisionnement en produits insecticides et pulvérisateurs manuels. (Résumé d'auteur)