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1. COVID-19–Related Hospitalization Rates and Severe Outcomes Among Veterans From 5 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers: Hospital-Based Surveillance Study

Author

Cardemil, Cristina V, Dahl, Rebecca, Prill, Mila M, Cates, Jordan, Brown, Sheldon, Perea, Adrienne, Marconi, Vincent, Bell, LaSara, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, Rivera-Dominguez, Gilberto, Beenhouwer, David, Poteshkina, Aleksandra, Holodniy, Mark, Lucero-Obusan, Cynthia, Balachandran, Neha, Hall, Aron J, Kim, Lindsay, and Langley, Gayle

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundCOVID-19 has disproportionately affected older adults and certain racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Data quantifying the disease burden, as well as describing clinical outcomes during hospitalization among these groups, are needed. ObjectiveWe aimed to describe interim COVID-19 hospitalization rates and severe clinical outcomes by age group and race and ethnicity among US veterans by using a multisite surveillance network. MethodsWe implemented a multisite COVID-19 surveillance platform in 5 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers located in Atlanta, Bronx, Houston, Palo Alto, and Los Angeles, collectively serving more than 396,000 patients annually. From February 27 to July 17, 2020, we actively identified inpatient cases with COVID-19 by screening admitted patients and reviewing their laboratory test results. We then manually abstracted the patients' medical charts for demographics, underlying medical conditions, and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we calculated hospitalization incidence and incidence rate ratios, as well as relative risk for invasive mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit admission, and case fatality rate after adjusting for age, race and ethnicity, and underlying medical conditions. ResultsWe identified 621 laboratory-confirmed, hospitalized COVID-19 cases. The median age of the patients was 70 years, with 65.7% (408/621) aged ≥65 years and 94% (584/621) male. Most COVID-19 diagnoses were among non-Hispanic Black (325/621, 52.3%) veterans, followed by non-Hispanic White (153/621, 24.6%) and Hispanic or Latino (112/621, 18%) veterans. Hospitalization rates were the highest among veterans who were ≥85 years old, Hispanic or Latino, and non-Hispanic Black (430, 317, and 298 per 100,000, respectively). Veterans aged ≥85 years had a 14-fold increased rate of hospitalization compared with those aged 18-29 years (95% CI: 5.7-34.6), whereas Hispanic or Latino and Black veterans had a 4.6- and 4.2-fold increased rate of hospitalization, respectively, compared with non-Hispanic White veterans (95% CI: 3.6-5.9). Overall, 11.6% (72/621) of the patients required invasive mechanical ventilation, 26.6% (165/621) were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 16.9% (105/621) died in the hospital. The adjusted relative risk for invasive mechanical ventilation and admission to the intensive care unit did not differ by age group or race and ethnicity, but veterans aged ≥65 years had a 4.5-fold increased risk of death while hospitalized with COVID-19 compared with those aged

Published
2021
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3. Contributors

Author

Abzug, Mark J., primary, Adderson, Elisabeth E., additional, Agarwal, Aastha, additional, Agwu, Allison L., additional, Albenberg, Lindsey, additional, Albert, Jonathan, additional, Alby, Kevin, additional, Aldrovandi, Grace M., additional, Allen, Upton D., additional, Alvarez-Hernndez, Gerardo, additional, Ampofo, Krow, additional, Anderson, Evan J., additional, Appiah, Grace D., additional, Ardura, Monica I., additional, Arnon, Stephen S., additional, Aronson, Naomi E., additional, Arvin, Ann M., additional, Ashkenazi, Shai, additional, Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, Liat, additional, Asturias, Edwin J., additional, Aukstuolis, Kestutis, additional, Badalyan, Vahe, additional, Baker, Carol J., additional, Balakrishnan, Karthik, additional, Barnett, Elizabeth D., additional, Bechtel, Kirsten, additional, Benitz, William E., additional, Berkovich, Rachel, additional, Berman, David M., additional, Bialek, Stephanie R., additional, Bijker, Else M., additional, Bizzarro, Matthew J., additional, Bloch, Karen C., additional, Bocchini, Joseph A., additional, Boyce, Thomas G., additional, Bradley, John S., additional, Bratcher, Denise F., additional, Braverman, Paula K., additional, Brook, Itzhak, additional, Brown, Kevin Edward, additional, Bryant, Kristina P., additional, Camacho-Gonzalez, Andres F., additional, Caete-Gibas, Connie F., additional, Cantey, Joseph B., additional, Cantey, Paul, additional, Cardemil, Cristina V., additional, Caserta, Mary T., additional, Castagnini, Luis A., additional, Cataldi, Jessica R., additional, Chadwick, Ellen Gould, additional, Chancey, Rebecca J., additional, Cherry, Cara C., additional, Chiang, Silvia S., additional, Choi, Mary, additional, Christenson, John C., additional, Coffin, Susan E., additional, Cohn, Amanda, additional, Contopoulos-Ioannidis, Despina G., additional, Conway, James H., additional, Cortese, Margaret M., additional, Creech, C. Buddy, additional, Crews, Jonathan D., additional, Curtis, Donna, additional, Curtis, Nigel, additional, Danziger-Isakov, Lara A., additional, Darville, Toni, additional, Dasch, Gregory A., additional, Daskalaki, Irini, additional, Davies, H. Dele, additional, Dawood, Fatimah S., additional, Day, J. Christopher, additional, Teresa de la Morena, M., additional, DeMuri, Gregory P., additional, Despommier, Dickson D., additional, Dodson, Daniel S., additional, Dolgner, Stephen J., additional, Dunn, Clinton, additional, Dyal, Jonathan, additional, Edwards, Kathryn M., additional, Edwards, Morven S., additional, Eichenfield, Dawn Z., additional, Eichenfield, Lawrence F., additional, Elston, Dirk M., additional, Emerson, Beth, additional, Enane, Leslie A., additional, Ephros, Moshe, additional, Erdem, Guliz, additional, Eremeeva, Marina E., additional, Esposito, Douglas H., additional, Farley, Monica M., additional, Feingold, Anat R., additional, Feja, Kristina N., additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Fischer, Marc, additional, Fisher, Brian T., additional, Fisher, Randall G., additional, Flynn, Patricia Michele, additional, Foster, Monique A., additional, Fox, LeAnne M., additional, Frank, Michael M., additional, Fredrick, Douglas R., additional, Frenck, Robert W., additional, Gaensbauer, James, additional, Gans, Hayley A., additional, Gauthier, Gregory M., additional, Gavigan, Patrick, additional, Gerber, Jeffrey S., additional, Gernez, Yael, additional, Gigliotti, Francis, additional, Gilger, Mark A., additional, Glaser, Carol A., additional, Gould, Jane M., additional, Graziano, James, additional, Green, Amanda M., additional, Green, Michael, additional, Griffin, Daniel, additional, Griffin, Patricia M., additional, Griffith, David C., additional, Gupta, Piyush, additional, Gutelius, Bruce J., additional, Gutman, Julie R., additional, Hall, Aron J., additional, Hamdy, Rana F., additional, Han, Jin-Young, additional, Handy, Lori K., additional, Hanisch, Benjamin, additional, Harper, Marvin B., additional, Harris, Aaron M., additional, Harrison, Christopher J., additional, Haslam, David B., additional, Haston, Julia C., additional, Hawkes, Sarah.J., additional, Heald-Sargent, Taylor, additional, Hendley, J. Owen, additional, Hersh, Adam L., additional, Hilinski, Joseph A., additional, Hills, Susan L., additional, Hong, David K., additional, Hotez, Peter J., additional, Hsu, Katherine K., additional, Huang, Felicia Scaggs, additional, Hunstad, David A., additional, Hunt, W. Garrett, additional, Hwang, Loris Y., additional, Ilboudo, Christelle M., additional, Jaggi, Preeti, additional, Jean, Sophonie, additional, Jhaveri, Ravi, additional, Jirk-Pomajbkov, Kateina, additional, Kadry, Nadia A., additional, Kamb, Mary L., additional, Kapadia, Ronak K., additional, Katz, Ben Z., additional, Katz, Sophie E., additional, Kaur, Ishminder, additional, Kersh, Gilbert J., additional, Khan, Muhammad Ali, additional, Khurana, Ananta, additional, Kimberlin, David W., additional, Klein, Bruce, additional, Kobayashi, Miwako, additional, Kociolek, Larry K., additional, Koh, Andrew Y., additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Kroger, Andrew T., additional, Kronman, Matthew P., additional, Lalor, Leah, additional, Lauren, Christine T., additional, Leber, Amy, additional, Leshem, Eyal, additional, Lewis, David B., additional, Livingston, Robyn A., additional, Llata, Eloisa, additional, Lloyd, Kevin, additional, Loh, Katrina, additional, Long, Sarah S., additional, Lopman, Benjamin A., additional, Lucero, Yalda C., additional, Lugo, Debra J., additional, Lujn-Zilbermann, Jorge, additional, Maldonado, Yvonne A., additional, Manaloor, John J., additional, Manthiram, Kalpana, additional, Martin, Stacey W., additional, Mathew, Roshni, additional, Mazzulli, Tony, additional, McFarland, Elizabeth J., additional, McGann, Kathleen A., additional, McNamara, Lucy A., additional, Meislich, Debrah, additional, Meissner, H. Cody, additional, Mejias, Asuncion, additional, Mertsola, Jussi, additional, Messacar, Kevin, additional, Mhaissen, Mohammad Nael, additional, Michaels, Marian G., additional, Miller, Melissa B., additional, Miller-Handley, Hilary, additional, Mintz, Eric, additional, Mohan, Parvathi, additional, Montgomery, Susan P., additional, Montoya, Jose G., additional, Moorman, Anne C., additional, Moro, Pedro L., additional, Moscicki, Anna-Barbara, additional, Muller, William J., additional, Myers, Angela L., additional, Nadel, Simon, additional, Nayak, Jennifer Lynn, additional, Neely, Michael Noel, additional, Neil, Karen P., additional, Nelson, Christina A., additional, Nelson, Noele P., additional, Nichols, Megin, additional, Nicholson, William, additional, Nopper, Amy Jo, additional, Norton, Laura E., additional, Ochoa, Theresa J., additional, Olarte, Liset, additional, Onarecker, Timothy R., additional, Orenstein, Walter A., additional, ORyan, Miguel, additional, Otto, William R., additional, Ouellette, Christopher P., additional, Paddock, Christopher D., additional, Palazzi, Debra L., additional, Panuganti, Suresh Kumar, additional, Pappas, Diane E., additional, Paret, Michal, additional, Pastula, Daniel M., additional, Patterson, Thomas F., additional, Petersen, Brett W., additional, Petrosyan, Mikael, additional, Pickering, Larry K., additional, Pindyck, Talia, additional, Pinninti, Swetha, additional, Pittet, Laure F., additional, Planet, Paul J., additional, Pollard, Andrew J., additional, Posfay-Barbe, Klara M., additional, Poulsen, Casper S., additional, Poutanen, Susan M., additional, Powers, Ann M., additional, Prasanphanich, Nina Salinger, additional, Pritt, Bobbi S., additional, Prober, Charles G., additional, Puar, Neha, additional, Quilter, Laura A.S., additional, Ramilo, Octavio, additional, Rao, Suchitra, additional, Ratner, Adam J., additional, Rawstron, Sarah A., additional, Read, Jennifer S., additional, Relich, Ryan F., additional, Reller, Megan E., additional, Robinson, Candice L., additional, Romero, Jos R., additional, Rosen, David A., additional, Ross, Shannon A., additional, Rours, G. Ingrid J.G., additional, Rowe, Peter C., additional, Rowley, Anne H., additional, Rubin, Lorry G., additional, Ryan, Edward T., additional, Sacharok, Alexandra, additional, Sandora, Thomas J., additional, Sapp, Sarah G.H., additional, Sardana, Kabir, additional, Sauberan, Jason B., additional, Schaffzin, Joshua K., additional, Schillie, Sarah, additional, Schuster, Jennifer E., additional, Schwartz, Kevin L., additional, Sederdahl, Bethany K., additional, Serpa-Alvarez, Jose, additional, Shah, Kara N., additional, Shah, Samir S., additional, Shaikh, Nader, additional, Shane, Andi L., additional, Shapiro, Eugene D., additional, Shaw, Jana, additional, Shetty, Avinash K., additional, Shope, Timothy R., additional, Dairiki Shortliffe, Linda M., additional, Shulman, Stanford T., additional, Shust, Gail F., additional, Siberry, George Kelly, additional, Siegel, Jane D., additional, Siegel, Robert David, additional, Simonsen, Kari A., additional, Singh, Upinder, additional, Smith, Christiana, additional, Smith, Lauren L., additional, Song, Eunkyung, additional, Souder, Emily, additional, Spearman, Paul, additional, St. Geme, Joseph W., additional, Staat, Mary Allen, additional, Staples, J. Erin, additional, Starke, Jeffrey R., additional, Statler, Victoria A., additional, Steinbach, William J., additional, Stensvold, Christen Rune, additional, Stokes, Erin K., additional, Stoner, Bradley P., additional, Storch, Gregory A., additional, Straily, Anne, additional, Sullivan, Kathleen E., additional, Swanson, Douglas S., additional, Tanz, Robert R., additional, Taormina, Gillian, additional, Tate, Jacqueline E., additional, Taveras, Jeanette, additional, Tebruegge, Marc, additional, Teshale, Eyasu H., additional, Thompson, George R., additional, Thompson-Stone, Robert, additional, Thomsen, Isaac, additional, Thomson, Richard B., additional, Thorell, Emily A., additional, Tien, Vivian, additional, Tobin, Nicole H., additional, Toltzis, Philip, additional, Treat, James, additional, Troy, Stephanie B., additional, Van Dvke, Russell B., additional, Vaz, Louise Elaine, additional, Vijayan, Vini, additional, Vodzak, Jennifer, additional, Wagner, Thor A., additional, Wald, Ellen R., additional, Wallihan, Rebecca, additional, Wang, Huanyu, additional, Wangu, Zoon, additional, Washam, Matthew, additional, Waters, Valerie, additional, Watson, Joshua R., additional, Weatherhead, Jill E., additional, Weinberg, Geoffrey A., additional, Weng, Mark K., additional, Wiederhold, Nathan P., additional, Wiesenfeld, Harold C., additional, Williams, Cydni, additional, Williams, John V., additional, Willoughby, Rodney E., additional, Wittler, Robert R., additional, Wood, James B., additional, Woods, Charles Reece, additional, Workowski, Kimberly A., additional, Wright, Terry W., additional, Wu, Hsi-Yang, additional, Xu, Huan, additional, Yagupsky, Pablo, additional, Yi, Jumi, additional, Yoder, Jonathan, additional, Young, Edward J., additional, Zaenglein, Andrea L., additional, Zimmermann, Petra, additional, and Zong, Wenjing, additional

Published
2023
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5. Trends in Incidence of Norovirus-associated Acute Gastroenteritis in Four Veterans Affairs Medical Center Populations in the United States, 2011–2015

Author

Grytdal, Scott, Browne, Hannah, Collins, Nikail, Vargas, Blanca, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, Rimland, David, Beenhouwer, David O, Brown, Sheldon T, Goetz, Matthew Bidwell, Lucero-Obusan, Cynthia, Holodniy, Mark, Kambhampati, Anita, Parashar, Umesh, Vinjé, Jan, Lopman, Ben, Hall, Aron J, and Cardemil, Cristina V

Subjects
Prevention, Infectious Diseases, Digestive Diseases, Foodborne Illness, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Caliciviridae Infections, Feces, Gastroenteritis, Genotype, Georgia, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Los Angeles, New York, Norovirus, Phylogeny, Texas, United States, Veterans, norovirus, gastroenteritis, veterans, outpatients, inpatients, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundNorovirus is an important cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis (AGE), yet the burden of endemic disease in adults has not been well documented. We estimated the prevalence and incidence of outpatient and community-acquired inpatient norovirus AGE at 4 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMC) (Atlanta, Georgia; Bronx, New York; Houston, Texas; and Los Angeles, California) and examined trends over 4 surveillance years.MethodsFrom November 2011 to September 2015, stool specimens collected within 7 days of AGE symptom onset for clinician-requested diagnostic testing were tested for norovirus, and positive samples were genotyped. Incidence was calculated by multiplying norovirus prevalence among tested specimens by AGE-coded outpatient encounters and inpatient discharges, and dividing by the number of unique patients served.ResultsOf 1603 stool specimens, 6% tested were positive for norovirus; GII.4 viruses (GII.4 New Orleans [17%] and GII.4 Sydney [47%]) were the most common genotypes. Overall prevalence and outpatient and inpatient community-acquired incidence followed a seasonal pattern, with higher median rates during November-April (9.2%, 376/100 000, and 45/100 000, respectively) compared to May-October (3.0%, 131/100 000, and 13/100 000, respectively). An alternate-year pattern was also detected, with highest peak prevalence and outpatient and inpatient community-acquired norovirus incidence rates in the first and third years of surveillance (14%-25%, 349-613/100 000, and 43-46/100 000, respectively).ConclusionsThis multiyear analysis of laboratory-confirmed AGE surveillance from 4 VAMCs demonstrates dynamic intra- and interannual variability in prevalence and incidence of outpatient and inpatient community-acquired norovirus in US Veterans, highlighting the burden of norovirus disease in this adult population.

Published
2020

6. Trends in Incidence of Norovirus-associated Acute Gastroenteritis in 4 Veterans Affairs Medical Center Populations in the United States, 2011-2015.

Author

Grytdal, Scott, Browne, Hannah, Collins, Nikail, Vargas, Blanca, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, Rimland, David, Beenhouwer, David O, Brown, Sheldon T, Goetz, Matthew Bidwell, Lucero-Obusan, Cynthia, Holodniy, Mark, Kambhampati, Anita, Parashar, Umesh, Vinjé, Jan, Lopman, Ben, Hall, Aron J, and Cardemil, Cristina V

Subjects
gastroenteritis, inpatients, norovirus, outpatients, veterans, Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

BackgroundNorovirus is an important cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis (AGE), yet the burden of endemic disease in adults has not been well documented. We estimated the prevalence and incidence of outpatient and community-acquired inpatient norovirus AGE at 4 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMC) (Atlanta, Georgia; Bronx, New York; Houston, Texas; and Los Angeles, California) and examined trends over 4 surveillance years.MethodsFrom November 2011 to September 2015, stool specimens collected within 7 days of AGE symptom onset for clinician-requested diagnostic testing were tested for norovirus, and positive samples were genotyped. Incidence was calculated by multiplying norovirus prevalence among tested specimens by AGE-coded outpatient encounters and inpatient discharges, and dividing by the number of unique patients served.ResultsOf 1603 stool specimens, 6% tested were positive for norovirus; GII.4 viruses (GII.4 New Orleans [17%] and GII.4 Sydney [47%]) were the most common genotypes. Overall prevalence and outpatient and inpatient community-acquired incidence followed a seasonal pattern, with higher median rates during November-April (9.2%, 376/100 000, and 45/100 000, respectively) compared to May-October (3.0%, 131/100 000, and 13/100 000, respectively). An alternate-year pattern was also detected, with highest peak prevalence and outpatient and inpatient community-acquired norovirus incidence rates in the first and third years of surveillance (14%-25%, 349-613/100 000, and 43-46/100 000, respectively).ConclusionsThis multiyear analysis of laboratory-confirmed AGE surveillance from 4 VAMCs demonstrates dynamic intra- and interannual variability in prevalence and incidence of outpatient and inpatient community-acquired norovirus in US Veterans, highlighting the burden of norovirus disease in this adult population.

Published
2020

7. COVID-19 booster vaccination during pregnancy enhances maternal binding and neutralizing antibody responses and transplacental antibody transfer to the newborn

Author

Munoz, Flor M., Posavad, Christine M., Richardson, Barbra A., Badell, Martina L., Bunge, Katherine E., Mulligan, Mark J., Parameswaran, Lalitha, Kelly, Clifton W., Olson-Chen, Courtney, Novak, Richard M., Brady, Rebecca C., Pasetti, Marcela F., Defranco, Emily A., Gerber, Jeffrey S., Shriver, Mallory C., Suthar, Mehul S., Coler, Rhea N., Berube, Bryan J., Kim, So Hee, Piper, Jeanna M., Miller, Ashley M., Cardemil, Cristina V., Neuzil, Kathleen M., and Beigi, Richard H.

Published
2023
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10. CrAssphage as a Novel Tool to Detect Human Fecal Contamination on Environmental Surfaces and Hands

Author

Park, Geun Woo, Ng, Terry Fei Fan, Freeland, Amy L., Marconi, Vincent C., Boom, Julie A., Staat, Mary A., Montmayeur, Anna Maria, Browne, Hannah, Narayanan, Jothikumar, Payne, Daniel C., Cardemil, Cristina V., Treffiletti, Aimee, and Vinje, Jan

Subjects
Microbial contamination -- Analysis, Norovirus -- Identification and classification -- Health aspects, DNA sequencing -- Methods, Health
Abstract

Hygienic practices, including disinfection of environmental surfaces, are important to reduce exposure to pathogens that spread through fecaloral transmission. Thus, monitoring of human fecal contamination and identifying the source of [...]

Published
2020
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11. Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination and Prevention of Symptomatic Infection in Infants.

Author

Cardemil, Cristina V., Yi Cao, Posavad, Christine M., Badell, Martina L., Bunge, Katherine, Mulligan, Mark J., Parameswaran, Lalitha, Olson-Chen, Courtney, Novak, Richard M., Brady, Rebecca C., DeFranco, Emily, Gerber, Jeffrey S., Pasetti, Marcela, Shriver, Mallory, Coler, Rhea, Berube, Bryan, Suthar, Mehul S., Moreno, Alberto, Fei Gao, and Richardson, Barbra A.

Subjects
*IMMUNIZATION, *IMMUNOGLOBULINS, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *CLINICAL trials, *COVID-19 vaccines, *INFECTION control, *VACCINE effectiveness, *MESSENGER RNA, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *RESEARCH funding, *VIRAL antibodies, *PREGNANCY
Abstract

Background and objectives: Maternal vaccination may prevent infant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to quantify protection against infection from maternally derived vaccine-induced antibodies in the first 6 months of an infant's life. Methods: Infants born to mothers vaccinated during pregnancy with 2 or 3 doses of a messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine (nonboosted or boosted, respectively) had full-length spike (Spike) immunoglobulin G (IgG), pseudovirus 614D, and live virus D614G, and omicron BA.1 and BA.5 neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers measured at delivery. Infant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was determined by verified maternal-report and laboratory confirmation through prospective follow-up to 6 months of age between December 2021 and July 2022. The risk reduction for infection by dose group and antibody titer level was estimated in separate models. Results: Infants of boosted mothers (n = 204) had significantly higher Spike IgG, pseudovirus, and live nAb titers at delivery than infants of nonboosted mothers (n = 271), and were 56% less likely to acquire infection in the first 6 months (P = .03). Irrespective of boost, for each 10-fold increase in Spike IgG titer at delivery, the infant's risk of acquiring infection was reduced by 47% (95% confidence interval 8%-70%; P = .02). Similarly, a 10-fold increase in pseudovirus titers against Wuhan Spike, and live virus nAb titers against D614G, and omicron BA.1 and BA.5 at delivery were associated with a 30%, 46%, 56%, and 60% risk reduction, respectively. Conclusions: Higher transplacental binding and nAb titers substantially reduced the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants, and a booster dose amplified protection during a period of omicron predominance. Until infants are age-eligible for vaccination, maternal vaccination provides passive protection against symptomatic infection during early infancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. List of Contributors

Author

Acosta, Anna M., primary, Acuin, Jose M., additional, Adam, Rodney D., additional, Afroze, Farzana, additional, Ahmed, Nadia, additional, Ahmed, Sabeena, additional, Ahmed, Tahmeed, additional, Ahmed, A.M. Shamsir, additional, Ali, S. Asad, additional, Ali, Ibne K., additional, Alroy, Karen A., additional, Ananthakrishnan, Ashwin N., additional, Ansong, Daniel, additional, Anstead, Gregory M., additional, Appleby, Laura J., additional, Armah, George E., additional, Aronson, Naomi E., additional, Aston, Stephen J., additional, Barnett, Elizabeth D., additional, Bartelt, Luther A., additional, Bates, Imelda, additional, Bausch, Daniel G., additional, Beadling, Charles W., additional, Beeching, Nicholas J., additional, Bennish, Michael L., additional, Bern, Caryn, additional, Bernstein, Wendy B., additional, Bird, Brian H., additional, Bloom, Allyson K., additional, Bodeker, Gerard, additional, Boyer Chammard, Timothée, additional, Bradsher, Robert W., additional, Brooker, Simon J., additional, Brooks, W. Abdullah, additional, Brouqui, Philippe, additional, Brown, Michael, additional, Brown, Michael R., additional, Broyles, Laura N., additional, Bruschi, Fabrizio, additional, Bundy, Donald A.P., additional, Burton, Matthew, additional, Cabrera-Sosa, Luis, additional, Callahan, Michael V., additional, Carapetis, Jonathan R., additional, Cardemil, Cristina V., additional, Carrol, Enitan D., additional, Caswell, Rachel, additional, Caumes, Eric, additional, Cavalheiro, Ana P., additional, Chan, Abner L., additional, Charunwatthana, Prakaykaew, additional, Checkley, Anna M., additional, Chen, Lin H., additional, Chher, Tepirou, additional, Chiong, Charlotte M., additional, Chisti, M. Jobayer, additional, Christiani, David C., additional, Clark, Taryn N., additional, Connor, Bradley A., additional, Conway, Devin J., additional, Cooper, Philip J., additional, Cope, Jennifer R., additional, Coughlin, R. Richard, additional, Coulibaly, Yaya I., additional, Coyle, Christina M., additional, Crozier, Ian, additional, Cunliffe, Nigel A., additional, Cupido, Blanche, additional, Curren, Emily J., additional, Danta, Mark, additional, Day, Nicholas P.J., additional, Debboun, Mustapha, additional, DeFraites, Robert F., additional, Dekumyoy, Paron, additional, del Castillo, Maria, additional, den Hoed, Caroline M., additional, de Silva, Nilanthi, additional, Deye, Gregory, additional, Dillingham, Rebecca A., additional, Drancourt, Michel, additional, Durward, Callum S., additional, Eddleston, Michael, additional, El-Kamary, Samer S., additional, Elshaboury, Ramy H., additional, Endtz, Hubert P., additional, Endy, Timothy P., additional, Fang, Shona C., additional, Fawzi, Wafaie, additional, Feasey, Nicholas A., additional, Field, Vanessa K., additional, Fischer, Marc, additional, Forsyth, Kevin, additional, Fournier, Pierre-Edouard, additional, Friedlander, Arthur M., additional, Furin, Jennifer J., additional, Gandhi, Ronak G., additional, Garcia, Hector H., additional, Garcia, Lynne S., additional, Geretti, Anna Maria, additional, Gikas, Achilleas, additional, Gilman, Robert H., additional, Giri, Sidhartha, additional, Gkika, Meropi, additional, Gordon, Melita A., additional, Gosselin, Richard A., additional, Gotuzzo, Eduardo, additional, Gould, Carolyn V., additional, Graeff-Teixeira, Carlos, additional, Graham, Stephen M., additional, Grant, Alison D., additional, Graybill, John R., additional, Graz, Bertrand, additional, Green, Stephen T., additional, Griffiths, Jeffrey K., additional, Griffiths, Michael J., additional, Gryseels, Bruno, additional, Gubler, Duane J., additional, Guhadasan, Rathi, additional, Hall, Aron J., additional, Hamer, Davidson H., additional, Hand, Robert M., additional, Harley, David, additional, Harris, Jason B., additional, Hassall, Oliver, additional, Hay, Roderick J., additional, Hickey, Patrick, additional, Hill, David R., additional, Hills, Susan L., additional, Hobdell, Martin H., additional, Hochberg, Natasha S., additional, Hopkins, Donald R., additional, Hossain, M. Iqbal, additional, Hotez, Peter J., additional, Howard, Cynthia R., additional, Hu, Victor, additional, Hung, Chien-Ching, additional, Islam, Munirul, additional, Iturriza-Gómara, Miren, additional, Joekes, Elizabeth, additional, Johnston, Victoria, additional, Jose, Jo-Ann, additional, Junghanss, Thomas, additional, Kamgno, Joseph, additional, Kampondeni, Sam, additional, Kang, Gagandeep, additional, Kazanjian, Powel, additional, Keshtkar-Jahromi, Maryam, additional, Keshtkar-Jahromi, Marzieh, additional, Keystone, Jay S., additional, Kim, Arthur Y., additional, Kim, Sung-Han, additional, King, Christopher L., additional, Kittitrakul, Chatporn, additional, Kleine, Christian, additional, Klion, Amy D., additional, Knight, Richard, additional, Koren, Michael, additional, Kottilil, Shyamasundaran, additional, Krause, Peter J., additional, Krishna, Sanjeev, additional, Kuhn, Jens H., additional, Kuipers, Ernst J., additional, LaBeaud, Angelle D., additional, Labra, Patrick John P., additional, Lalloo, David G., additional, Lambert, Saba, additional, Lanternier, Fanny, additional, LaRocque, Regina C., additional, Last, Anna, additional, Lawrenson, John, additional, Le, Thuy, additional, Lee, Keun Hwa, additional, Lewis, David A., additional, Libraty, Daniel H., additional, Lo, Nathan C., additional, Lockwood, Diana N.J., additional, Lockwood, Stephen J., additional, Lommerse, Kinke, additional, López-Vélez, Rogelio, additional, Lortholary, Olivier, additional, Mabey, David, additional, Magill, Alan J., additional, Maguiña, Ciro P., additional, Manji, Hadi, additional, Marks, Michael, additional, Maurin, Max, additional, Mayaud, Philippe, additional, Mayosi, Bongani M., additional, M'baya, Bridon, additional, McCarthy, Matthew W., additional, McCartney, Daniel, additional, McCormick, Joseph B., additional, McKew, Stephen, additional, McLellan, Susan L.F., additional, McMinn, Peter C., additional, Mertz, Gregory, additional, Milner, Danny A., additional, Molyneux, Elizabeth M., additional, Montgomery, Susan P., additional, Moonah, Shannon, additional, Moss, William J., additional, Murrell, K. Darwin, additional, Nanda, Neha, additional, Navarro, Eileen E., additional, Ndayizeye, Leonard, additional, Neafie, Ronald C., additional, Negroni, Ricardo, additional, Nelson, Ann M., additional, Newton, Paul N., additional, Nichol, Stuart T., additional, Norman, Francesca F., additional, Nunes, Marcio R.T., additional, Nutman, Thomas B., additional, Nyirenda, Tonney S., additional, Ochoa, Theresa J., additional, O'Farrell, Nigel, additional, Olayemi, Edeghonghon, additional, Oldfield, Edward C., additional, Omidian, Zahra, additional, Ordaya, Eloy E., additional, Paddock, Christopher D., additional, Paessler, Slobodan, additional, Papanikolaou, Ilias C., additional, Paris, Luc, additional, Parry, Christopher M., additional, Patel, Pragna, additional, Peacock, Sharon J., additional, Peeling, Rosanna W., additional, Persson, Hans, additional, Phillips, Jonathan J., additional, Phillips, Richard O., additional, Poovorawan, Kittiyod, additional, Powers, Ann M., additional, Qamar, Farah Naz, additional, Qureshi, Sonia, additional, Rabe, Ingrid B., additional, Rahman, Atif, additional, Rahmati, Elham, additional, Raizes, Elliot, additional, Ramalho-Ortigao, Marcelo, additional, Raoult, Didier, additional, Rein, Michael F., additional, Retik, Alan B., additional, Reynes, Jean-Marc, additional, Rhatigan, Joseph J., additional, Rickard, Jennifer, additional, Riddle, Mark S., additional, Rimoin, Anne W., additional, Riviello, Robert, additional, Robert, Leon L., additional, Rodrigues, Ema G., additional, Rodriguez, Rubens, additional, Ronald, Allan R., additional, Rosenthal, Benjamin M., additional, Rosmarin, David, additional, Ryan, Edward T., additional, Saavedra, Arturo, additional, Schiaffino, Francesca, additional, Schumacher, Sandra K., additional, Sejvar, James J., additional, Sethi, Aisha, additional, Seung, Kwonjune J., additional, Seydel, Karl B., additional, Shah, Melisa M., additional, Shakoor, Sadia, additional, Shankar, Anuraj H., additional, Sharp, Trueman W., additional, Shin, Sonya S., additional, Shirley, Debbie-Ann, additional, Silachamroon, Udomsak, additional, Smith, Catherine C., additional, Snelling, Thomas L., additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Staat, Mary Allen, additional, Staples, J. Erin, additional, Steiger, Samantha N., additional, Stewart, Robert C., additional, Stich, August, additional, Strickman, Daniel, additional, Suh, Kathryn N., additional, Suhrbier, Andreas, additional, Sutcliffe, Catherine G., additional, Tappe, Dennis, additional, Taylor, Terrie E., additional, Thanh, Nguyen Tat, additional, Thanh, Nguyen Thi, additional, Thwaites, C. Louise, additional, Thwaites, Guy E., additional, Tiwari, Tejpratap S.P., additional, Tsenempi, Xenia A., additional, Turner, Angus W., additional, van den Broek, Nynke R., additional, van Doorn, H. Rogier, additional, Van Sickels, Nicholas J., additional, Vannier, Edouard, additional, Varda, Briony K., additional, Vasconcelos, Pedro F.C., additional, Vega-López, Francisco, additional, Vietri, Nicholas J., additional, Vinetz, Joseph M., additional, Visvesvara, Govinda S., additional, Vyas, Keyur S., additional, Walsh, Thomas J., additional, Wansbrough-Jones, Mark H., additional, Warraich, Haider J., additional, Warrell, David A., additional, Warrell, Mary J., additional, Watt, George, additional, Wattanagoon, Yupaporn, additional, Watthanakulpanich, Dorn, additional, Weaver, Scott C., additional, Weil, Ana A., additional, Weiss, Louis M., additional, White, Nicholas J., additional, Whitty, Christopher J.M., additional, Wilson, Mary E., additional, Xavier, Ramnik J., additional, Xiao, Lihua, additional, Yoon, In-Kyu, additional, Yu, Hongjie, additional, and Zaidi, Anita K.M., additional

Published
2020
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24. Association of secretor status and recent norovirus infection with gut microbiome diversity metrics in a Veterans Affairs population

Author

Johnson, Jordan A, primary, Read, Timothy D, additional, Petit, Robert A, additional, Marconi, Vincent C, additional, Meagley, Kathryn L, additional, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, additional, Beenhouwer, David O, additional, Brown, Sheldon T, additional, Holodniy, Mark, additional, Lucero-Obusan, Cynthia A, additional, Schirmer, Patricia, additional, Ingersoll, Jessica M, additional, Kraft, Colleen S, additional, Neill, Frederick H, additional, Atmar, Robert L, additional, Kambhampati, Anita K, additional, Cates, Jordan E, additional, Mirza, Sara A, additional, Hall, Aron J, additional, Cardemil, Cristina V, additional, and Lopman, Benjamin A, additional

Published
2022
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26. COVID-19–Related Hospitalization Rates and Severe Outcomes Among Veterans From 5 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers: Hospital-Based Surveillance Study (Preprint)

Author

Cardemil, Cristina V, primary, Dahl, Rebecca, additional, Prill, Mila M, additional, Cates, Jordan, additional, Brown, Sheldon, additional, Perea, Adrienne, additional, Marconi, Vincent, additional, Bell, LaSara, additional, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, additional, Rivera-Dominguez, Gilberto, additional, Beenhouwer, David, additional, Poteshkina, Aleksandra, additional, Holodniy, Mark, additional, Lucero-Obusan, Cynthia, additional, Balachandran, Neha, additional, Hall, Aron J, additional, Kim, Lindsay, additional, and Langley, Gayle, additional

Published
2020
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27. Incidence, Etiology, and Severity of Acute Gastroenteritis Among Prospectively Enrolled Patients in 4 Veterans Affairs Hospitals and Outpatient Centers, 2016–2018

Author

Cardemil, Cristina V, primary, Balachandran, Neha, additional, Kambhampati, Anita, additional, Grytdal, Scott, additional, Dahl, Rebecca M, additional, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, additional, Vargas, Blanca, additional, Beenhouwer, David O, additional, Evangelista, Karen V, additional, Marconi, Vincent C, additional, Meagley, Kathryn L, additional, Brown, Sheldon T, additional, Perea, Adrienne, additional, Lucero-Obusan, Cynthia, additional, Holodniy, Mark, additional, Browne, Hannah, additional, Gautam, Rashi, additional, Bowen, Michael D, additional, Vinjé, Jan, additional, Parashar, Umesh D, additional, and Hall, Aron J, additional

Published
2020
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29. Validation of Acute Gastroenteritis-related International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification Codes in Pediatric and Adult US Populations

Author

Pindyck, Talia, primary, Hall, Aron J, additional, Tate, Jacqueline E, additional, Cardemil, Cristina V, additional, Kambhampati, Anita K, additional, Wikswo, Mary E, additional, Payne, Daniel C, additional, Grytdal, Scott, additional, Boom, Julie A, additional, Englund, Janet A, additional, Klein, Eileen J, additional, Halasa, Natasha, additional, Selvarangan, Rangaraj, additional, Staat, Mary Allen, additional, Weinberg, Geoffrey A, additional, Beenhouwer, David O, additional, Brown, Sheldon T, additional, Holodniy, Mark, additional, Lucero-Obusan, Cynthia, additional, Marconi, Vince C, additional, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, additional, and Parashar, Umesh, additional

Published
2019
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30. Incidence, Etiology, and Severity of Acute Gastroenteritis Among Prospectively Enrolled Patients in 4 Veterans Affairs Hospitals and Outpatient Centers, 2016–2018.

Author

Cardemil, Cristina V, Balachandran, Neha, Kambhampati, Anita, Grytdal, Scott, Dahl, Rebecca M, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, Vargas, Blanca, Beenhouwer, David O, Evangelista, Karen V, Marconi, Vincent C, Meagley, Kathryn L, Brown, Sheldon T, Perea, Adrienne, Lucero-Obusan, Cynthia, Holodniy, Mark, Browne, Hannah, Gautam, Rashi, Bowen, Michael D, Vinjé, Jan, and Parashar, Umesh D

Subjects
*AMERICAN veterans, *GASTROENTERITIS, *ESCHERICHIA coli, *INTENSIVE care units, *ACQUISITION of data methodology, *AGE distribution, *RETROSPECTIVE studies, *CLOSTRIDIOIDES difficile, *SEVERITY of illness index, *FECES, *COMPARATIVE studies, *CLOSTRIDIUM diseases, *MEDICAL records, *ESCHERICHIA coli diseases, *NOROVIRUS diseases, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *POLYMERASE chain reaction, *RNA viruses, *ROTAVIRUSES, *LONGITUDINAL method, *SHIGELLA, *EVALUATION
Abstract

Background Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) burden, etiology, and severity in adults is not well characterized. We implemented a multisite AGE surveillance platform in 4 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (Atlanta, Georgia; Bronx, New York; Houston, Texas; and Los Angeles, California), collectively serving >320 000 patients annually. Methods From 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2018, we actively identified inpatient AGE case patients and non-AGE inpatient controls through prospective screening of admitted patients and passively identified outpatients with AGE through stool samples submitted for clinical diagnostics. We abstracted medical charts and tested stool samples for 22 pathogens by means of multiplex gastrointestinal polymerase chain reaction panel followed by genotyping of norovirus- and rotavirus-positive samples. We determined pathogen-specific prevalence, incidence, and modified Vesikari severity scores. Results We enrolled 724 inpatients with AGE, 394 non-AGE inpatient controls, and 506 outpatients with AGE. Clostridioides difficile and norovirus were most frequently detected among inpatients (for AGE case patients vs controls: C. difficile , 18.8% vs 8.4%; norovirus, 5.1% vs 1.5%; P <.01 for both) and outpatients (norovirus, 10.7%; C. difficile , 10.5%). The incidence per 100 000 population was highest among outpatients (AGE, 2715; C. difficile, 285; norovirus, 291) and inpatients ≥65 years old (AGE, 459; C. difficile, 91; norovirus, 26). Clinical severity scores were highest for inpatient norovirus, rotavirus, and Shigella /enteroinvasive Escherichia coli cases. Overall, 12% of inpatients with AGE had intensive care unit stays, and 2% died; 3 deaths were associated with C. difficile and 1 with norovirus. C. difficile and norovirus were detected year-round with a fall/winter predominance. Conclusions C. difficile and norovirus were leading AGE pathogens in outpatient and hospitalized US veterans, resulting in severe disease. Clinicians should remain vigilant for bacterial and viral causes of AGE year-round. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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31. Active Surveillance for Norovirus in a US Veterans Affairs Patient Population, Houston, Texas, 2015–2016

Author

Kambhampati, Anita K, primary, Vargas, Blanca, additional, Mushtaq, Mahwish, additional, Browne, Hannah, additional, Grytdal, Scott, additional, Atmar, Robert L, additional, Vinjé, Jan, additional, Parashar, Umesh D, additional, Lopman, Benjamin, additional, Hall, Aron J, additional, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, additional, and Cardemil, Cristina V, additional

Published
2019
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32. Trends in Incidence of Norovirus-associated Acute Gastroenteritis in 4 Veterans Affairs Medical Center Populations in the United States, 2011–2015

Author

Grytdal, Scott, primary, Browne, Hannah, primary, Collins, Nikail, primary, Vargas, Blanca, primary, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, primary, Rimland, David, primary, Beenhouwer, David O, primary, Brown, Sheldon T, primary, Goetz, Matthew Bidwell, primary, Lucero-Obusan, Cynthia, primary, Holodniy, Mark, primary, Kambhampati, Anita, primary, Parashar, Umesh, primary, Vinjé, Jan, primary, Lopman, Ben, primary, Hall, Aron J, primary, and Cardemil, Cristina V, primary

Published
2019
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33. 652. What Is Blood Got to Do with It? Genetic Susceptibility to Norovirus and Rotavirus Infection: Results From the SUPERNOVA Network

Author

Kambhampati, Anita, primary, Atmar, Robert L, additional, Neill, Frederick H, additional, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, additional, Vargas, Blanca, additional, Beenhouwer, David O, additional, Poteshkina, Aleksandra, additional, Marconi, Vincent C, additional, Meagley, Kathryn L, additional, Brown, Sheldon T, additional, Perea, Adrienne, additional, Browne, Hannah, additional, Gautam, Rashi, additional, Grytdal, Scott, additional, Bowen, Michael D, additional, Vinjé, Jan, additional, Parashar, Umesh D, additional, Hall, Aron J, additional, and Cardemil, Cristina V, additional

Published
2018
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34. 1648. Incidence of Norovirus and Rotavirus From Multisite Active Surveillance in Veteran’s Affairs Hospitals, December 2016–February 2018: Results From the SUPERNOVA Network

Author

Cardemil, Cristina V, primary, Kambhampati, Anita, additional, Grytdal, Scott, additional, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, additional, Vargas, Blanca, additional, Beenhouwer, David, additional, Evangelista, Karen, additional, Marconi, Vincent, additional, Meagley, Kathryn, additional, Brown, Sheldon, additional, Perea, Adrienne, additional, Lucero, Cynthia, additional, Holodniy, Mark, additional, Browne, Hannah, additional, Gautam, Rashi, additional, Bowen, Michael D, additional, Vinje, Jan, additional, Parashar, Umesh D, additional, and Hall, Aron J, additional

Published
2018
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35. 1109. Factors Impacting the Decision to Order Stool Diagnostic Testing in Patients With Acute Gastroenteritis Among Primary Care Providers

Author

O’Leary, Sean, primary, Allison, Mandy, additional, Cardemil, Cristina V, additional, Hurley, Laura, additional, Crane, Lori, additional, Brtnikova, Michaela, additional, Beaty, Brenda, additional, Hall, Aron J, additional, Pierre, Jeanette St, additional, Ivey, Kathryn, additional, Lindley, Megan C, additional, and Kempe, Allison, additional

Published
2018
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36. Cost of Public Health Response and Outbreak Control With a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine During a University Mumps Outbreak—Iowa, 2015–2016

Author

Marin, Mona, primary, Kitzmann, Tricia L, additional, James, Lisa, additional, Quinlisk, Patricia, additional, Aldous, Wade K, additional, Zhang, John, additional, Cardemil, Cristina V, additional, Galeazzi, Chris, additional, Patel, Manisha, additional, and Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael R, additional

Published
2018
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38. CrAssphage as a Novel Tool to Detect Human Fecal Contamination on Environmental Surfaces and Hands.

Author

Geun Woo Park, Fei Fan Ng, Terry, Freeland, Amy L., Marconi, Vincent C., Boom, Julie A., Staat, Mary A., Montmayeur, Anna Maria, Browne, Hannah, Narayanan, Jothikumar, Payne, Daniel C., Cardemil, Cristina V., Treffiletti, Aimee, Vinjé, Jan, Park, Geun Woo, and Ng, Terry Fei Fan

Subjects
VIRUSES, FECES, NOROVIRUS diseases, EPIDEMICS, RNA viruses, POLYMERASE chain reaction, ANIMALS
Abstract

CrAssphage is a recently discovered human gut-associated bacteriophage. To validate the potential use of crAssphage for detecting human fecal contamination on environmental surfaces and hands, we tested stool samples (n = 60), hand samples (n = 30), and environmental swab samples (n = 201) from 17 norovirus outbreaks for crAssphage by real-time PCR. In addition, we tested stool samples from healthy persons (n = 173), respiratory samples (n = 113), and animal fecal specimens (n = 68) and further sequenced positive samples. Overall, we detected crAssphage in 71.4% of outbreak stool samples, 48%-68.5% of stool samples from healthy persons, 56.2% of environmental swabs, and 60% of hand rinse samples, but not in human respiratory samples or animal fecal samples. CrAssphage sequences could be grouped into 2 major genetic clusters. Our data suggest that crAssphage could be used to detect human fecal contamination on environmental surfaces and hands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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39. Validation of Acute Gastroenteritis-related International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification Codes in Pediatric and Adult US Populations.

Author

Pindyck, Talia, Hall, Aron J, Tate, Jacqueline E, Cardemil, Cristina V, Kambhampati, Anita K, Wikswo, Mary E, Payne, Daniel C, Grytdal, Scott, Boom, Julie A, Englund, Janet A, Klein, Eileen J, Halasa, Natasha, Selvarangan, Rangaraj, Staat, Mary Allen, Weinberg, Geoffrey A, Beenhouwer, David O, Brown, Sheldon T, Holodniy, Mark, Lucero-Obusan, Cynthia, and Marconi, Vince C

Subjects
GASTROENTERITIS, RESEARCH methodology, NOSOLOGY, PUBLIC health surveillance, VOMITING, MEDICAL coding
Abstract

International Classification of Diseases diagnostic codes are used to estimate acute gastroenteritis (AGE) disease burden. We validated AGE-related codes in pediatric and adult populations using 2 multiregional active surveillance platforms. The sensitivity of AGE codes was similar (54% and 58%) in both populations and increased with addition of vomiting-specific codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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41. Pathogen-Specific Burden of Outpatient Diarrhea in Infants in Nepal: A Multisite Prospective Case-Control Study

Author

Cardemil, Cristina V, primary, Sherchand, Jeevan B, additional, Shrestha, Laxman, additional, Sharma, Arun, additional, Gary, Howard E, additional, Estivariz, Concepcion F, additional, Diez-Valcarce, Marta, additional, Ward, M Leanne, additional, Bowen, Michael D, additional, Vinjé, Jan, additional, Parashar, Umesh, additional, and Chu, Susan Y, additional

Published
2017
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42. Use of Immunization Information Systems in Primary Care

Author

Kempe, Allison, primary, Hurley, Laura P., additional, Cardemil, Cristina V., additional, Allison, Mandy A., additional, Crane, Lori A., additional, Brtnikova, Michaela, additional, Beaty, Brenda L., additional, Pabst, Laura J., additional, and Lindley, Megan C., additional

Published
2017
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43. Active Surveillance to Quantify the Burden of Norovirus in a U.S. Veterans Affairs (VA) Patient Population, Houston, 2015–2016

Author

Kambhampati, Anita, primary, Vargas, Blanca, additional, Mushtaq, Mahwish, additional, Browne, Hannah, additional, Perregaux, Sara, additional, Grytdal, Scott, additional, Atmar, Robert L, additional, Vinje, Jan, additional, Parashar, Umesh D, additional, Hall, Aron J, additional, Cardemil, Cristina V, additional, Lopman, Benjamin, additional, and Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, additional

Published
2017
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44. Rubella immunity among pregnant women aged 15–44 years, Namibia, 2010

Author

Jonas, Anna, primary, Cardemil, Cristina V., additional, Beukes, Anita, additional, Anderson, Raydel, additional, Rota, Paul A., additional, Bankamp, Bettina, additional, Gary, Howard E., additional, Sawadogo, Souleymane, additional, Patel, Sadhna V., additional, Zeko, Sikota, additional, Muroua, Clementine, additional, Gaeb, Esegiel, additional, Wannemuehler, Kathleen, additional, Gerber, Sue, additional, and Goodson, James L., additional

Published
2016
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45. Measles immunity among pregnant women aged 15–44 years in Namibia, 2008 and 2010

Author

Cardemil, Cristina V., primary, Jonas, Anna, additional, Beukes, Anita, additional, Anderson, Raydel, additional, Rota, Paul A., additional, Bankamp, Bettina, additional, Gary, Howard E., additional, Sawadogo, Souleymane, additional, Patel, Sadhna V., additional, Zeko, Sikota, additional, Muroua, Clementine, additional, Gaeb, Esegiel, additional, Wannemuehler, Kathleen, additional, Gerber, Sue, additional, and Goodson, James L., additional

Published
2016
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49. Bioluminescent Escherichia coli Strains for the Quantitative Detection of Phosphate and Ammonia in Coastal and Suburban Watersheds.

Author

Cardemil, Cristina V., Smulski, Dana R., LaRossa, Robert A., and Vollmer, Amy Cheng

Subjects
*PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of ammonia, *PHOSPHATES, *ESTUARINE health, *BIOLUMINESCENCE, *ENTEROBACTERIACEAE, *WATERSHEDS
Abstract

Accumulation of phosphate and ammonia in estuarine systems and subsequent dinoflagellate and algal blooms has been implicated in fish kills and in health risks for fishermen. Analytic chemistry kits are used to measure phosphate and ammonia levels in water samples, but their sensitivity is limited due to specificity for inorganic forms of these moieties. An Escherichia coli bioluminescent reporter system measured the bioavailability of inorganic nutrients through fusion of E. coli promoters ( phoA or glnAp2) to the luxCDABE operon of Vibrio fischeri carried either on the chromosome or on a multicopy plasmid vector, resulting in emission of light in response to phosphate or ammonia starvation. Responses were shown to be under the control of expected physiological regulators, phoB and glnFG, respectively. Standard curves were used to determine the phosphate and ammonia levels in water samples from diverse watersheds located in the northeastern United States. Bioluminescence produced in response to nutrient starvation correlated with concentrations of phosphate (1–24 ppm) and ammonia (0.1–1.6 ppm). While the ammonia biosensor measured nutrient concentrations in tested water samples that were comparable to the amounts reported by a commercial kit, the phosphate biosensor reported higher levels of phosphate in Chesapeake water samples than did the kit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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50. Hospital-based Surveillance for Pediatric Norovirus Gastroenteritis in Bangladesh, 2012-2016.

Author

Satter SM, Abdullah Z, Cardemil CV, Flora MS, Gurley ES, Rahman M, Talha M, Islam MD, Hossain ME, Balachandran N, Lopman B, Rahman M, Vinjé J, Hall AJ, and Parashar UD

Subjects
Bangladesh epidemiology, Child, Preschool, Gastroenteritis epidemiology, Genotype, Humans, Infant, RNA, Viral genetics, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Tertiary Care Centers, Caliciviridae Infections epidemiology, Caliciviridae Infections virology, Gastroenteritis virology, Norovirus genetics, Population Surveillance
Abstract

Background: Globally, noroviruses are recognized as an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE), but data from low and middle-income countries are limited., Aims: To examine the epidemiology and strain diversity of norovirus infections among children hospitalized for AGE in Bangladesh., Methods: We implemented active surveillance of children <5 years of age hospitalized with AGE at 8 geographically dispersed tertiary care hospitals in Bangladesh from July 2012 to June 2016. We tested random samples of AGE cases stratified by site and age group for norovirus by real-time RT-PCR. Noro-positive specimens were genotyped. Coinfection with rotavirus was assessed based on prior EIA testing., Results: We enrolled 5622 total AGE cases, of which 1008 were tested for norovirus. Total of 137 (14%) AGE cases tested positive for norovirus (range, 11%-17% by site). Most (94%) norovirus-associated hospitalizations were among children less than 2 years of age. Norovirus was detected year-round, with higher detection from March to June (20%-38%) and November to January (9%-18%). Genogroup II (GII) noroviruses were detected in 96% of cases, and the most frequent genotypes were GII.4 Sydney [P4 New Orleans] (33%), GII.3 [P16] (20%), and GII.4 Sydney [P16] (11%). The proportion of norovirus-positive specimens was significantly greater among rotavirus-negative AGE patients compared with rotavirus-positive AGE patients (27% vs. 5%, P < 0.001). As measured by the Vesikari severity score, a similar proportion of norovirus and rotavirus positive AGE patients were considered severe (68% vs. 70%, P = 0.86)., Conclusions: Norovirus is an important cause of AGE hospitalization in Bangladeshi children with most infections caused by GII viruses., Competing Interests: No reported conflict of interest. All authors have submitted the ICMJE form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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