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RESUMEN El cáncer de mama invasivo es el tumor más frecuente en mujeres y es la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en este sexo a nivel mundial. El cáncer de mama metastásico causa anualmente en el mundo más de medio millón de muertes. Eventualmente cualquier neoplasia maligna puede metastizar en la piel, pero en la mujer el origen mamario es el más frecuente, representan entre el 1 % y el 5 % y pueden ser el primer o único signo clínico de un tumor oculto. Se presentan como lesiones únicas o múltiples, asintomáticas y de aspecto clínico variado. Por su parte las metástasis óseas son causa común de morbilidad en los pacientes con tumores malignos. El dolor que afecta a los enfermos con lesiones avanzadas se produce principalmente por la presencia de estas. Casi todas las lesiones malignas producen metástasis óseas, aunque las de la mama, pulmón y próstata representan más del 80 % de los casos. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 49 años de edad, con metástasis cutáneas y óseas de un carcinoma lobulillar de la mama como forma de presentación. ABSTRACT Invasive breast cancer is the most frequent tumor in women and is the leading cause of cancer death in this sex worldwide. Metastatic breast cancer causes more than half a million deaths worldwide each year. Eventually any malignancy can metastasize to the skin, but in women, the mammary origin is the most frequent, represent between 1 % and 5 % and may be the first or only clinical sign of a hidden tumor. They present as single or multiple lesions, asymptomatic and of varied clinical appearance. On the other hand, bone metastases are a common cause of morbidity in patients with malignant tumors. The pain that affects patients with advanced injuries is mainly caused by them. Almost all malignant lesions produce bone metastases, although those of the breast, lung and prostate represent more than 80 % of cases. We present the case of a 49-year-old female patient with cutaneous and bone metastases from a lobular carcinoma of the breast as a presentation form.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide, and epidemiological studies may help understanding its mechanisms. Objective: To carry out a survey of the number of breast cancer cases diagnosed in a period of six years. Methods: The profile of breast cancers diagnosed in a tertiary hospital in Curitiba was compared with the literature, using a retrospective analysis of ductal/special types and lobular breast carcinoma reports issued between 2008 and 2013. Results: Three hundred twenty-seven (91.6%) cases of ductal/special types carcinoma and 30 (8.4%) cases of lobular carcinoma were diagnosed, totaling 357 samples. From these cases, 27 (7.5%) were carcinoma in situ (20 ductal and seven lobular) and 330 (92.4%) were invasive carcinoma (307 invasive ductal/special types and 23 lobular). The prevalence of breast cancer among women was 991% and the majority of patients were older than 50 years of age (67.2%). Regarding the União Internacional de Controle do Câncer/American Joint Committee on Cancer (UICC/AJCC) staging, 49.2% of the ductal/special types tumors were diagnosed in Stages I or II, while 56.6% of lobular carcinomas were diagnosed in Stages II or III/IV. Regarding the Nottingham score, most cases were intermediate grade (43.9%). A total of 61% of the tumors were estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and 54% were progesterone receptor positive (PR+). Moreover, 36.1% presented positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2+), a rate higher than that indicated by the literature. Conclusion: The breast carcinomas evaluated in this study presented a profile similar to that reported in the literature, with some peculiarities inherent to the local pathology service. Nevertheless, the low frequency of in situ cases indicates failure in early diagnosis. RESUMEN Introducción: El cáncer de mama es la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer entre mujeres alrededor del mundo, y estudios epidemiológicospueden contribuir al entendimiento de sus mecanismos. Objetivos: Determinar el número de casos de carcinoma de mama diagnosticados en un período de seis anos. Método: El perfil de los carcinomas de mama diagnosticados en un hospital terciario de Curitiba ha sido comparado con aquel de la literatura, a través de análisis retrospectivo de historias de carcinoma de mama ductal/tipos especialesy lobulillar de pacientes atendidos entre los anos de 2008y 2013. Resultados: Se han diagnosticado 327 (91,6%) casos de carcinoma ductal/tipos especiales y 30 (8,4%) de carcinoma lobulillar, totalizando 357 muestras. De estos casos, 27 (7,5%) eran de carcinoma in situ (20 ductaly siete lobulillar) y 330 (92,4%), invasores (307 ductal invasor +tipos especialesy 23 lobulillar). La incidencia de tumores de mama en mujeres fue de 99,1%, siendo los pacientes, en su generalidad, mayores de50 anos (67,2%). Con respecto a la estadificación de Unión Internacional Contra el Cáncer/American Joint Committee on Cancer (UICC/AJCC), 49,2% de los tumores ductales + tipos especiales fueron diagnosticados en los estadios I o II, mientras 56,6% de los tumores lobulillares se concentraron en los estadios II o III/IV. En cuanto al sistema de Nottingham, gran parte de los casos era de grado intermediario (43,9%). Un total de 61% de los tumores era receptor de estrógeno positivo (RE+) y 54%, receptor de progesterona positivo (RP+). Por otro lado, 36,1% presentaron el receptor 2 del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humano positivo (HER2+), tasa superior a la indicada en la literatura. Conclusión: Los carcinomas de mama evaluados en este estudio presentaron perfil semejante al expuesto en la literatura, con algunaspeculiaridades inherentes al servicio local. Sin embargo, la baja frecuencia de casos in situ indica fracaso en el diagnóstico precoz. RESUMO Introdução: O câncer da mama éa segunda causa de morte por câncer entre as mulheres em todo o mundo, e estuáis epidemiológicos podem auxiliar no entendimento dos seus mecanismos. Objetivos: Realizar um levantamento do número de casos dos carcinomas da mama diagnosticados em um período de seis anos. Método: Foi comparado com a literatura o perfil dos carcinomas da mama diagnosticados em um hospital terciário de Curitiba, por meio da análise retrospectiva dos laudos de carcinomas da mama ductal/ tipos especiais e lobular de pacientes atendidos entre os anos de 2008 e 2013. Resultados: Foram diagnosticados 327 (91,6%) casos de carcinoma ductal/tipos especiais e30 (8,4%) de carcinoma lobular, totalizando 357 amostras. Desses casos, 27 (7,5%) eram de carcinoma in situ (20 ductal esete lobular) e330 (92,4%), invasores (307ductal invasor + tipos especiais e 23 lobular). Aprevalência de tumores da mama nas mulheres foi de 99,1%, tendo os pacientes, na sua maioria, mais de 50 anos (67,2%). Em relação ao estadiamento da União Internacional de Controle do Câncer/American Joint Committee on Cancer (UICC/AJCC), 49,2% dos tumores ductal + tipos especiais foram diagnosticados em estadio Iou II, enquanto 56,6% dos tumores lobular concentraram-se nos estadios II ou III/IV Quanto à escala de Nottingham, grande parte dos casos era de grau intermediário (43,9%). Um total de 61% dos tumores eram receptor de estrogênio positivo (RE+) e 54%, receptor de progesterona positivo (RP+). Por outro lado, 36,1% apresentaram receptor 2 de fator de crescimento epidermal humano positivo (HER2+), taxa superior à indicada pela literatura. Conclusão: Os carcinomas da mama avaliados neste estudo apresentaram perfil semelhante ao exposto na literatura, com algumas peculiaridades inerentes ao serviço local. Entretanto, a baixa frequência de casos in situ indica falha no diagnóstico precoce.

La presencia de tejido mamario ectópico o mama supernumeraria, desarrollado a lo largo de la línea mamaria, es infrecuente, pero tiene un alto riesgo de malignizarse. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 71 años de edad, que presentó una masa aumentada de volumen en el extremo superior de la línea mamaria, cercana a la axila derecha, y otra masa ubicada a la hora 12 del reloj, cercano a la areola. El estudio anatomopatológico de ambos procesos tumorales de la mama derecha correspondió con un carcinoma lobular. La paciente fue intervenida quirúrgicamente, encontrándose una adenopatía axilar derecha positiva de enfermedad maligna. Recibió tratamiento adyuvante con quimioterapia, radioterapia y hormonoterapia.

Clinical Trial, Phase III; Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; BACKGROUND Taxanes are among the most active drugs for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, and, as a consequence, they have also been studied in the adjuvant setting. METHODS After breast cancer surgery, women with lymph node-positive disease were randomly assigned to treatment with fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) or with FEC followed by weekly paclitaxel (FEC-P). The primary endpoint of study-5-year disease-free survival (DFS)-was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Secondary endpoints included overall survival and analysis of the prognostic and predictive value of clinical and molecular (hormone receptors by immunohistochemistry and HER2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization) markers. Associations and interactions were assessed with a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model for DFS for the following covariates: age, menopausal status, tumor size, lymph node status, type of chemotherapy, tumor size, positive lymph nodes, HER2 status, and hormone receptor status. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Among the 1246 eligible patients, estimated rates of DFS at 5 years were 78.5% in the FEC-P arm and 72.1% in the FEC arm (difference = 6.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6% to 11.2%; P = .006). FEC-P treatment was associated with a 23% reduction in the risk of relapse compared with FEC treatment (146 relapses in the 614 patients in the FEC-P arm vs 193 relapses in the 632 patients in the FEC arm, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.62 to 0.95; P = .022) and a 22% reduction in the risk of death (73 and 95 deaths, respectively, HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.06; P = .110). Among the 928 patients for whom tumor samples were centrally analyzed, type of chemotherapy (FEC vs FEC-P) (P = .017), number of involved axillary lymph nodes (P < .001), tumor size (P = .020), hormone receptor status (P = .004), and HER2 status (P = .006) were all associated with DFS. We found no statistically significant interaction between HER2 status and paclitaxel treatment or between hormone receptor status and paclitaxel treatment. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with operable breast cancer, FEC-P treatment statistically significantly reduced the risk of relapse compared with FEC as adjuvant therapy. Yes

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2016 Submitted by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa (repositorio@medicina.ulisboa.pt) on 2017-07-19T14:02:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TiagoJGaspar.pdf: 1113949 bytes, checksum: 036751ae4f94fbbeb01d7b281afb31f2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-03T11:17:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TiagoJGaspar.pdf: 1113949 bytes, checksum: 036751ae4f94fbbeb01d7b281afb31f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016

In about 1–2% of the population an incomplete regression of the embryonic mammary line occurs, which may result in the presence of ectopic breast tissue. An ectopic breast tissue carcinoma is a rare entity. The authors present a case-report of a 51-year-old female patient, with a lobular carcinoma in an axillary ectopic breast tissue submitted to surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:33:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:47:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000830951.pdf: 1671352 bytes, checksum: e150ad97472df641fe9aede1e51165a5 (MD5) INTRODUÇÃO: O valor prognóstico da classificação molecular do carcinoma de mama recentemente proposta tem sido validado por numerosos estudos. Entretanto, a maioria destes trabalhos estudou o tipo histológico mais comum denominado carcinoma ductal invasivo usual (CDI), uma entidade reconhecidamente heterogênea. Poucos estudos concentraram-se especificamente em outros tipos histológicos como o carcinoma lobular invasivo (CLI) que é o tipo especial mais frequente. O CLI apresenta-se com características clínico-patológicas e história natural bastante distintas do CDI sendo claramente entidades biológicas diferentes. Além disso, é uma doença relativamente frequente com aumento de sua incidência no mundo. OBJETIVO: Estudar comparativamente os subtipos moleculares luminais A e B de dois grupos de pacientes com CLI e CDI da mama, bem como determinar o valor prognóstico independente da classificação molecular nestes tumores correlacionando os subtipos moleculares com a sobrevida específica por carcinoma de mama (BCSS) e a sobrevida global (OS). SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo transversal analítico. Foram selecionados blocos de parafina de mulheres com diagnóstico histopatológico de CLI e CDI no Laboratório de Patologia do Hospital Amaral Carvalho (HAC), Jaú, São Paulo, Brasil. Os respectivos prontuários médicos e o Registro Hospital de Câncer (RHC) do HAC foram consultados para a pesquisa das informações clínicas e de seguimento destas mulheres (média de 121,77 e 131,27 meses para o CLI e CDI, respectivamente), totalizando 186 casos. Dos blocos doadores, foram extraídas duas amostras de 2 mm de diâmetro e depositadas nos blocos de parafina receptores usando Tissue Microarray Builder ab1802 (Abcam®, Cambridge, UK). Nestes cortes foi feita a pesquisa dos seguintes marcadores imunoistoquímicos: receptor de estrógeno α (RE), receptor de progesterona (RP), HER2 e Ki67. Os subtipos moleculares (luminal A, luminal ... INTRODUCTION: The prognostic value of the molecular classification of breast cancer recently proposed has been validated by many studies. However, the great majority of these studies has focused on invasive ductal carcinoma no special type (IDC), a widely recognized heterogeneous entity. Few papers have studied other special types of breast cancer such as invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) the most common special type. ILC shows clinico-pathological features and natural history quite distinctive from IDC being clearly separate biologic entities. Moreover, ILC is relatively frequent and has been increasing in incidence over the recent years. OBJECTIVE: to study comparatively the luminal molecular subtypes A e B of two groups of patients with ILC and IDC and to determine the prognostic independent value of the molecular classification in ILC patients by correlating the molecular subtypes with clinical outcomes such as breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: archival paraffin blocks from women diagnosed with ILC and IDC at the Pathology Laboratory of Hospital Amaral Carvalho, Jau, Sao Paulo, Brazil, were retrieved. Patient's charts and the Hospital Amaral Carvalho Cancer Registry were consulted for obtaining the staging and follow-up information (median 121.77 and 131.27 months for ILC and IDC, respectively) and 186 patients were selected. Two samples from each paraffin block were extracted to mount tissue microarray (TMA) blocks by using a Tissue Microarray Builder ab1802 (Abcam®, Cambridge, UK). The following immunohistochemical markers were performed in the TMA blocks: estrogen receptor α, progesterone receptor, HER2 and Ki67 protein. The intrinsic molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2 and triple negative) were determined based on the immunohistochemical profile of each tumor. Prognostic clinico-pathological features were analysed in absolute (n) and relative frequency (%). The ...

Submitted by Ana Quininha (ana.quininha@chlc.min-saude.pt) on 2015-03-23T17:31:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rev POrt Cir 2014 39.pdf: 305433 bytes, checksum: 0223ef6f6942d45ac1758690422345c6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-23T17:31:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rev POrt Cir 2014 39.pdf: 305433 bytes, checksum: 0223ef6f6942d45ac1758690422345c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Lobular carcinoma is the second most common type of breast neoplasia and has unique clinical and pathological features. Our aim was to evaluate prognostic factors for this type of breast cancer. DESIGN AND SETTING:Retrospective study at a tertiary oncological institution. METHODS: 162 patients diagnosed and treated between January 1985 and January 2002 were included. The inclusion criteria were: absence of previous treatment, histological diagnosis of lobular carcinoma, no previous history of breast cancer and minimum follow-up of 36 months. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, the following factors were statistically significant: clinical stage T (P = 0.0005), clinical stage N (P = 0.0014), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.0008), primary tumor size (P < 0.0001), vascular invasion (P < 0.0001), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.0004), neural invasion (P = 0.0004), skin invasion (P < 0.0001), capsular transposition (P = 0.0008), lymph node ratio (P < 0.0001), estrogen receptor expression (P = 0.0186), progesterone receptor expression (P = 0.0286), pathological stage T (P < 0.0001), pathological stage N (P < 0.0001), adjuvant chemotherapy (P < 0.0001) and postoperative hormone therapy (P = 0.0367). After grouping the variables, multivariate analysis was performed. Presence of lymph node metastases, capsular transposition, lymph node ratio and postoperative hormone therapy remained significant. CONCLUSION: In this series, the most important prognostic factors for lobular carcinoma of the breast seemed to relate to lymph node status and presence of capsular transposition. Factors relating to axillary involvement, capsular transposition and hormone therapy were significant for survival. CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: O carcinoma lobular é o segundo tipo de neoplasia mais frequente na mama e tem características clínicas e patológicas próprias. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar fatores prognósticos para esse tipo de câncer de mama. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo retrospectivo em instituição terciária oncológica. MÉTODOS: 162 pacientes diagnosticadas e tratadas entre janeiro de 1985 e janeiro de 2002 foram incluídas. Os critérios de inclusão foram: ausência de tratamento prévio, diagnóstico histológico de carcinoma lobular, ausência de história prévia de câncer de mama e acompanhamento mínimo de 36 meses. RESULTADOS: Em análise univariada, os seguintes fatores foram estatisticamente significativos: estágio T clínico (P = 0,0005), estágio N clínico (P = 0,0014), quimioterapia neoadjuvante (P = 0,0008), tamanho do tumor primário (P < 0,0001), invasão vascular (P < 0,0001), invasão linfática (P = 0.0004), invasão neural (P = 0,0004), invasão de pele (P < 0,0001), transposição capsular (P = 0,0008), relação linfonodal (P < 0,0001), expressão de receptor estrogênico (P = 0,0168), expressão de receptor de progesterona (P = 0,0286), estágio T patológico (P < 0,0001), estágio N patológico (P < 0,0001), quimioterapia adjuvante (P < 0,0001) e hormonioterapia pós-operatória (P = 0.0367). Agrupando-se as variáveis, realizou-se análise multivariada. Presença de metástases linfonodais, transposição capsular, razão linfonodal e hormonioterapia pós-operatória permaneceram significantes. CONCLUSÃO: Nesta série, os fatores prognósticos mais importantes para carcinoma lobular de mama parecem ser aqueles relacionados com status linfonodal e presença de transposição capsular. Fatores relacionados ao comprometimento axilar, transposição capsular e terapia hormonal foram significativos para sobrevida.

Relato do caso de uma mulher com 83 anos apresentando nódulo e retração de pele na mama direita com oito meses de evolução. Ao exame físico verificou-se nódulo sólido de 5 cm, localizado no quadrante súpero-lateral de mama direita, associado a presença de retração de pele correspondente e linfonodos axilares não coalescentes ipsilaterais. O resultado da mamografia evidenciou nódulo de 4 cm de diâmetro irregular no quadrante súpero-lateral da mama direita (bi-rads V). Estádio clínico: T2N1M0 (IIB). O tratamento cirúrgico incluiu mastectomia radical modificada (à Maden) com dissecção axilar níveis I, II e III. Avaliação histopatológica demonstrou a presença de carcinoma lobular infiltrativo que mediu 2,5 cm (T2), presença de linfadenite granulomatosa causada por tuberculose em linfonodos dos níveis I, II e III, associados a metástase de carcinoma lobular em um único nível linfático, nível I. Estádio patológico: pT2pN1aM0. A paciente recebeu tratamento para tuberculose ganglionar com rifampicina, isoniazida e pirazinamida por um ano. Foram solicitados receptores hormonais, os quais mostraram-se positivos, sendo feito terapia adjuvante com tamoxifeno. Durante o primeiro ano de seguimento a paciente evoluiu bem, sem sinais de recidiva local ou metástases a distância. Report of a case of an 83-year-old woman presenting a nodule and skin retraction in the right breast for eight months. On physical examination, a solid nodule of 5 cm was observed, located in the upper-lateral quadrant of the right breast, associated with skin retraction and ipsilateral lymph nodes. Mammographic findings showed irregularly limited nodules of 4 cm in the upper-lateral quadrant of the right breast (bi-rads V). Clinical staging: T2N1M0 (IIB). Surgical treatment included a modified radical mastectomy with axillary dissection levels I, II, and III. Histopathologic evaluation demonstrated the presence of an infiltrating lobular carcinoma measuring 2.5 cm (T2), presence of granulomatous lymphadenitis caused by tuberculosis in level I, II, and III lymph nodes, associated with lobular carcinoma metastasis in a single level I lymph node. Pathologic staging: pT2pN1aM0. The treatment for the axillary tuberculous lymphadenitis was done with rifampin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide for one year. Hormone receptors were positive, and adjuvant therapy was initiated with tamoxifen. During the first year of follow-up the patient had no signal of local recurrence or distant metastases.