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7 results on '"Carbonero, Franck G."'

1. A One-Week Elderberry Juice Intervention Augments the Fecal Microbiota and Suggests Improvement in Glucose Tolerance and Fat Oxidation in a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author

Teets, Christy, Ghanem, Nancy, Ma, Guoying, Minj, Jagrani, Perkins-Veazie, Penelope, Johnson, Sarah A., Etter, Andrea J., Carbonero, Franck G., and Solverson, Patrick M.

Abstract

Obesity is a costly and ongoing health complication in the United States and globally. Bioactive-rich foods, especially those providing polyphenols, represent an emerging and attractive strategy to address this issue. Berry-derived anthocyanins and their metabolites are of particular interest for their bioactive effects, including weight maintenance and protection from metabolic aberrations. Earlier findings from small clinical trials suggest modulation of substrate oxidation and glucose tolerance with mediation of prospective benefits attributable to the gut microbiota, but mixed results suggest appropriate anthocyanin dosing poses a challenge. The objective of this randomized, placebo-controlled study was to determine if anthocyanin-dense elderberry juice (EBJ) reproduces glucoregulatory and substrate oxidation effects observed with other berries and if this is mediated by the gut microbiota. Overweight or obese adults (BMI > 25 kg/m2) without chronic illnesses were randomized to a 5-week crossover study protocol with two 1-week periods of twice-daily EBJ or placebo (PL) separated by a washout period. Each treatment period included 4 days of controlled feeding with a 40% fat diet to allow for comparison of measurements in fecal microbiota, meal tolerance testing (MTT), and indirect calorimetry between test beverages. Eighteen study volunteers completed the study. At the phylum level, EBJ significantly increased Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, and decreased Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, EBJ increased Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcaceae, and Bifidobacterium and decreased Bacteroides and lactic acid-producing bacteria, indicating a positive response to EBJ. Supporting the changes to the microbiota, the EBJ treatment significantly reduced blood glucose following the MTT. Fat oxidation also increased significantly both during the MTT and 30 min of moderate physical activity with the EBJ treatment. Our findings confirm the bioactivity of EBJ-sourced anthocyanins on outcomes related to gut health and obesity. Follow-up investigation is needed to confirm our findings and to test for longer durations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Do biofilm communities respond to the chemical signatures of fracking? A test involving streams in North-central Arkansas

Author

Johnson, Wilson H., Douglas, Marlis R., Lewis, Jeffrey A., Stuecker, Tara N., Carbonero, Franck G., Austin, Bradley, J., Evans-White, Michelle A., Entrekin, Sally A., Douglas, Michael E., Johnson, Wilson H., Douglas, Marlis R., Lewis, Jeffrey A., Stuecker, Tara N., Carbonero, Franck G., Austin, Bradley, J., Evans-White, Michelle A., Entrekin, Sally A., and Douglas, Michael E.

Abstract

Background: Unconventional natural gas (UNG) extraction (fracking) is ongoing in 29 North American shale basins (20 states), with ~6000 wells found within the Fayetteville shale (north-central Arkansas). If the chemical signature of fracking is detectable in streams, it can be employed to bookmark potential impacts. We evaluated benthic biofilm community composition as a proxy for stream chemistry so as to segregate anthropogenic signatures in eight Arkansas River catchments. In doing so, we tested the hypothesis that fracking characteristics in study streams are statistically distinguishable from those produced by agriculture or urbanization. Results: Four tributary catchments had UNG-wells significantly more dense and near to our sampling sites and were grouped as ‘potentially-impacted catchment zones’ (PICZ). Four others were characterized by significantly larger forested area with greater slope and elevation but reduced pasture, and were classified as ‘minimally-impacted’ (MICZ). Overall, 46 bacterial phyla/141 classes were identified, with 24 phyla (52%) and 54 classes (38%) across all samples. PICZ-sites were ecologically more variable than MICZ-sites, with significantly greater nutrient levels (total nitrogen, total phosphorous), and elevated Cyanobacteria as bioindicators that tracked these conditions. PICZ-sites also exhibited elevated conductance (a correlate of increased ion concentration) and depressed salt-intolerant Spartobacteria, suggesting the presence of brine as a fracking effect. Biofilm communities at PICZ-sites were significantly less variable than those at MICZ-sites. Conclusions: Study streams differed by Group according to morphology, land use, and water chemistry but not in biofilm community structure. Those at PICZ-sites covaried according to anthropogenic impact, and were qualitatively similar to communities found at sites disturbed by fracking. The hypothesis that fracking signatures in study streams are distinguishable from those produc

Published
2017
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4. Do biofilm communities respond to the chemical signatures of fracking? A test involving streams in North-central Arkansas

Author

Entomology, Johnson, Wilson H., Douglas, Marlis R., Lewis, Jeffrey A., Stuecker, Tara N., Carbonero, Franck G., Austin, Bradley, J., Evans-White, Michelle A., Entrekin, Sally A., Douglas, Michael E., Entomology, Johnson, Wilson H., Douglas, Marlis R., Lewis, Jeffrey A., Stuecker, Tara N., Carbonero, Franck G., Austin, Bradley, J., Evans-White, Michelle A., Entrekin, Sally A., and Douglas, Michael E.

Abstract

Background: Unconventional natural gas (UNG) extraction (fracking) is ongoing in 29 North American shale basins (20 states), with ~6000 wells found within the Fayetteville shale (north-central Arkansas). If the chemical signature of fracking is detectable in streams, it can be employed to bookmark potential impacts. We evaluated benthic biofilm community composition as a proxy for stream chemistry so as to segregate anthropogenic signatures in eight Arkansas River catchments. In doing so, we tested the hypothesis that fracking characteristics in study streams are statistically distinguishable from those produced by agriculture or urbanization. Results: Four tributary catchments had UNG-wells significantly more dense and near to our sampling sites and were grouped as ‘potentially-impacted catchment zones’ (PICZ). Four others were characterized by significantly larger forested area with greater slope and elevation but reduced pasture, and were classified as ‘minimally-impacted’ (MICZ). Overall, 46 bacterial phyla/141 classes were identified, with 24 phyla (52%) and 54 classes (38%) across all samples. PICZ-sites were ecologically more variable than MICZ-sites, with significantly greater nutrient levels (total nitrogen, total phosphorous), and elevated Cyanobacteria as bioindicators that tracked these conditions. PICZ-sites also exhibited elevated conductance (a correlate of increased ion concentration) and depressed salt-intolerant Spartobacteria, suggesting the presence of brine as a fracking effect. Biofilm communities at PICZ-sites were significantly less variable than those at MICZ-sites. Conclusions: Study streams differed by Group according to morphology, land use, and water chemistry but not in biofilm community structure. Those at PICZ-sites covaried according to anthropogenic impact, and were qualitatively similar to communities found at sites disturbed by fracking. The hypothesis that fracking signatures in study streams are distinguishable from those produc

Published
2017

5. Temporal dynamics of the gut microbiota in people sharing a confined environment, a 520-day ground-based space simulation, MARS500

Author

Turroni, Silvia, primary, Rampelli, Simone, additional, Biagi, Elena, additional, Consolandi, Clarissa, additional, Severgnini, Marco, additional, Peano, Clelia, additional, Quercia, Sara, additional, Soverini, Matteo, additional, Carbonero, Franck G., additional, Bianconi, Giovanna, additional, Rettberg, Petra, additional, Canganella, Francesco, additional, Brigidi, Patrizia, additional, and Candela, Marco, additional

Published
2017
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7. Temporal dynamics of the gut microbiota in people sharing a confined environment, a 520-day ground-based space simulation, MARS500

Author

Giovanna Bianconi, Matteo Soverini, Clelia Peano, Marco Candela, Clarissa Consolandi, Simone Rampelli, Marco Severgnini, Elena Biagi, Petra Rettberg, Franck Carbonero, Patrizia Brigidi, Francesco Canganella, Sara Quercia, Silvia Turroni, Turroni, Silvia, Rampelli, Simone, Biagi, Elena, Consolandi, Clarissa, Severgnini, Marco, Peano, Clelia, Quercia, Sara, Soverini, Matteo, Carbonero, Franck G, Bianconi, Giovanna, Rettberg, Petra, Canganella, Francesco, Brigidi, Patrizia, and Candela, Marco

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Systems Analysis, Time Factors, media_common.quotation_subject, Environment controlled, Gut microbiota, Gut flora, Environment, computer.software_genre, Microbiology, Strahlenbiologie, 03 medical and health sciences, Microbial ecosystem, Human health, Confined environment, 0302 clinical medicine, Human gut, Confined Spaces, Life sharing, Humans, Temporal dynamics, Interplanetary space, media_common, Space flight, biology, Resilience, Ecology, Research, biology.organism_classification, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, MARS500, 030104 developmental biology, Psychological resilience, Space simulator, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Space Simulation
Abstract

Background The intestinal microbial communities and their temporal dynamics are gaining increasing interest due to the significant implications for human health. Recent studies have shown the dynamic behavior of the gut microbiota in free-living, healthy persons. To date, it is not known whether these dynamics are applicable during prolonged life sharing in a confined and controlled environment. Results The MARS500 project, the longest ground-based space simulation ever, provided us with a unique opportunity to trace the crew microbiota over 520 days of isolated confinement, such as that faced by astronauts in real long-term interplanetary space flights, and after returning to regular life, for a total of 2 years. According to our data, even under the strictly controlled conditions of an enclosed environment, the human gut microbiota is inherently dynamic, capable of shifting between different steady states, typically with rearrangements of autochthonous members. Notwithstanding a strong individuality in the overall gut microbiota trajectory, some key microbial components showed conserved temporal dynamics, with potential implications for the maintenance of a health-promoting, mutualistic microbiota configuration. Conclusions Sharing life in a confined habitat does not affect the resilience of the individual gut microbial ecosystem, even in the long term. However, the temporal dynamics of certain microbiota components should be monitored when programming future mission simulations and real space flights, to prevent breakdowns in the metabolic and immunological homeostasis of the crewmembers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0256-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2016

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