231 results on '"Carbonell G"'
Search Results
2. Correlation between physicochemical and ecotoxicological approaches to estimate landfill leachates toxicity
- Author
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Pablos, M.V., Martini, F., Fernández, C., Babín, M.M., Herraez, I., Miranda, J., Martínez, J., Carbonell, G., San-Segundo, L., García-Hortigüela, P., and Tarazona, J.V.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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3. Terrestrial Microcosms and Multispecies Soil Systems
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Carbonell, G., primary and Tarazona, J.V., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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4. A Cost/Effective Screening Method for Assessing the Toxicity of Nutrient Rich Effluents to Algae
- Author
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Carbonell, G., Fernández, C., and Tarazona, J. V.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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5. A New Method for Total Mercury and Methyl Mercury Analysis in Muscle of Seawater Fish
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Carbonell, G., Bravo, J. C., Fernández, C., and Tarazona, J. V.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Simulación de alta fidelidad en habilidades no técnicas en primer curso del Grado de Enfermería
- Author
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Escribano, Silvia, Vidal Andreu, José, Pastor Bernabeu, Marcelino Vicente, Requena-Morales, Rosa, Garcia-Sanjuan, Sofia, Juliá-Sanchis, Rocío, Cabañero-Martínez, María José, Forniés Carbonell, G., Cabrero-García, Julio, Richart-Martínez, Miguel, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería, Person-centred Care and Health Outcomes Innovation / Atención centrada en la persona e innovación en resultados de salud (PCC-HOI), Salud y Cuidados en Grupos Vulnerables (SACU), Calidad de Vida, Bienestar Psicológico y Salud, and Clima y Ordenación del Territorio
- Subjects
Habilidades de comunicación ,Educación universitaria ,Enfermería ,Simulación - Abstract
Introducción: La adquisición de competencias relacionadas con aspectos emocionales y habilidades de comunicación es uno de los elementos clave en enfermería. Objetivo: 1) Diseñar la acción educativa: los escenarios de simulación y el procedimiento de aprendizaje propia de la metodología; 2) Diseñar rúbrica capaz de evaluar las competencias de aprendizaje; 3) Formar al conjunto del profesorado de la asignatura Relación de Ayuda en la implementación de la simulación; 4) Revisar y actualizar los objetivos, competencias, contenidos y actividades a realizar en las prácticas de laboratorio de la asignatura Relación de Ayuda. Metodología: Se establecieron 3 fases: (i) Diseño de la acción educativa; ii) Formación del profesorado; y (iii) Evaluación del diseño elaborado para establecer los cambios pertinentes en la guía docente 2020/2021. Resultados: (i) Se crearon un total de 6 casos de simulación; (ii) Se generaron dos rúbricas de evaluación, para las habilidades de comunicación observadas en simulación y otra para la actividad conceptual. (iii) Se realizó una sesión de formación de dos horas de duración con el profesorado participante del programa de simulación. (iv) Se realizaron los cambios pertinentes para la guía docente 2020/2021. Conclusiones: Se percibe la acción educativa como una oportunidad viable y adecuada para entrenar las competencias en habilidades de comunicación.
- Published
- 2020
7. Simulación de alta fidelidad en habilidades no técnicas en primer curso del Grado de Enfermería
- Author
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería, Escribano, Silvia, Vidal Andreu, José, Pastor Bernabeu, Marcelino Vicente, Requena-Morales, Rosa, Garcia-Sanjuan, Sofia, Juliá-Sanchis, Rocío, Cabañero-Martínez, María José, Forniés Carbonell, G., Cabrero-García, Julio, Richart-Martínez, Miguel, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería, Escribano, Silvia, Vidal Andreu, José, Pastor Bernabeu, Marcelino Vicente, Requena-Morales, Rosa, Garcia-Sanjuan, Sofia, Juliá-Sanchis, Rocío, Cabañero-Martínez, María José, Forniés Carbonell, G., Cabrero-García, Julio, and Richart-Martínez, Miguel
- Abstract
Introducción: La adquisición de competencias relacionadas con aspectos emocionales y habilidades de comunicación es uno de los elementos clave en enfermería. Objetivo: 1) Diseñar la acción educativa: los escenarios de simulación y el procedimiento de aprendizaje propia de la metodología; 2) Diseñar rúbrica capaz de evaluar las competencias de aprendizaje; 3) Formar al conjunto del profesorado de la asignatura Relación de Ayuda en la implementación de la simulación; 4) Revisar y actualizar los objetivos, competencias, contenidos y actividades a realizar en las prácticas de laboratorio de la asignatura Relación de Ayuda. Metodología: Se establecieron 3 fases: (i) Diseño de la acción educativa; ii) Formación del profesorado; y (iii) Evaluación del diseño elaborado para establecer los cambios pertinentes en la guía docente 2020/2021. Resultados: (i) Se crearon un total de 6 casos de simulación; (ii) Se generaron dos rúbricas de evaluación, para las habilidades de comunicación observadas en simulación y otra para la actividad conceptual. (iii) Se realizó una sesión de formación de dos horas de duración con el profesorado participante del programa de simulación. (iv) Se realizaron los cambios pertinentes para la guía docente 2020/2021. Conclusiones: Se percibe la acción educativa como una oportunidad viable y adecuada para entrenar las competencias en habilidades de comunicación.
- Published
- 2020
8. Assessment of Hepatic Function and Parenchyma Attenuation with Indocyanine Green, Ultrasound and CT in a Rat Model: Preliminary Standardization of Baseline Parameters
- Author
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Gómez-Valles, P., primary, López-López, V., additional, García-Carillo, N., additional, de-Egea, D., additional, Oltra, L., additional, González-Bermúdez, C.-A., additional, Carbonell, G., additional, Brusadín, R., additional, López-Conesa, A., additional, Cayuela, V., additional, and Robles-Campos, R., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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9. Toxicity Identification Evaluation of Organic Pollutants Based on Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
- Author
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Fernández, C., Alonso, C., Pro, J., Babín, M. M., García, P., Tarazona, J. V., and Carbonell, G.
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- 2004
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10. Effect Assessment of Antimicrobial Pharmaceuticals on the Aquatic Plant Lemna minor
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Pro, J., Ortiz, J. A., Boleas, S., Fernández, C., Carbonell, G., and Tarazona, J. V.
- Published
- 2003
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11. Toxicity of Linear Alkyl Benzenes (LABs) to the Aquatic Crustacean Daphnia magna through Waterborne and Food Chain Exposures
- Author
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Fernández, C., Alonso, C., García, P., Tarazona, J. V., and Carbonell, G.
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- 2002
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12. Heavy Metals in Shrimp Culture Areas from the Gulf of Fonseca, Central America. II. Cultured Shrimps
- Author
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Carbonell, G., Ramos, C., and Tarazona, J. V.
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- 1998
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13. Metals in Shrimp Culture Areas from the Gulf of Fonseca, Central America. I. Sediments
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Carbonell, G., Ramos, C., and Tarazona, J. V.
- Published
- 1998
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14. Characterization of Serratia marcescens isolates from subgingival biofilm, extraoral infections and environment by prodigiosin production, serotyping, and genotyping
- Author
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Barbosa, F. C. B., Irino, K., Carbonell, G. V., and Mayer, M. P. A.
- Published
- 2006
15. Acute toxicity of sulfide and lower ph in cultured rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon, and coho salmon
- Author
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Ortiz, J. A., Rueda, A., Carbonell, G., Camargo, J. A., Nieto, F., Reoyo, M. J., and Tarazona, J. V.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
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16. Intracellular vacuolation induced by culture filtrates of Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from environmental sources
- Author
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Falcón, R., Carbonell, G. V., Figueredo, P., Butião, F., Saridakis, H. O., Pelayo, J. S., and Yano, T.
- Published
- 2003
17. A low molecular weight enterotoxic hemolysin from clinical Enterobacter cloacae
- Author
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Simi, S, Carbonell, G V, Falcón, R M, Gatti, M S.V, Joazeiro, P P, Darini, A L, and Yano, T
- Published
- 2003
18. Effects of dietary 2,2″, 4,4″-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) exposure on medaka (Oryzias latipes) swimming behavior
- Author
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Sastre, S., Fernández-Torija, Carlos, Carbonell, G., Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Beltrán Rodríguez, Eulalia María, González Doncel, Miguel, Sastre, S., Fernández-Torija, Carlos, Carbonell, G., Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Beltrán Rodríguez, Eulalia María, and González Doncel, Miguel
- Abstract
A diet fortified with 2,2', 4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47: 0, 10, 100, and 1000 ng/g) was dosed to 4-7-day-old post-hatch medaka fish for 40 days to evaluate the effects on the swimming activity of fish using a miniaturized swimming flume. Chlorpyrifos (CF)-exposed fish were selected as the positive control to assess the validity and sensitivity of the behavioral findings. After 20 and 40 days of exposure, the locomotor activity was analyzed for 6 min in a flume section (arena). The CF positive control for each time point were fish exposed to 50 ng CF/ml for 48 h. Swimming patterns, presented as two-dimensional heat maps of fish movement and positioning, were obtained by geostatistical analyses. The heat maps of the control groups at time point 20 revealed visually comparable swimming patterns to those of the BDE-47-treated groups. For the comparative fish positioning analysis, both the arenas were divided into 15 proportional areas. No statistical differences were found between residence times in the areas from the control groups and those from the BDE-47-treated groups. At time point 40, the heat map overall patterns of the control groups differed visually from that of the 100-ng BDE-47/g-treated group, but a comparative analysis of the residence times in the corresponding 15 areas did not reveal consistent differences. The relative distances traveled by the control and treated groups at time points 20 and 40 were also comparable. The heat maps of CF-treated fish at both time points showed contrasting swim patterns with respect to those of the controls. These differential patterns were statistically supported with differences in the residence times for different areas. The relative distances traveled by the CF-treated fish were also significantly shorter. These results confirm the validity of the experimental design and indicate that a dietary BDE-47 exposure does not affect forced swimming in medaka at growing stages.
- Published
- 2018
19. Transfer of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) and Dechlorane Plus (DP) from biosolid-amended soils to leachate and runoff water
- Author
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Porcel, Miguel A. [0000-0003-1852-2619], Navarro, Ignacio, Torre Reoyo, Ana de la, Sanz, Paloma, Porcel, Miguel A., Martínez, María de los Ángeles, Carbonell, G., Porcel, Miguel A. [0000-0003-1852-2619], Navarro, Ignacio, Torre Reoyo, Ana de la, Sanz, Paloma, Porcel, Miguel A., Martínez, María de los Ángeles, and Carbonell, G.
- Abstract
Anthropogenic perfluoroalkyl substances, PFASs, and halogenated flame retardants, HFRs, have been detected in different environmental compartments. In order to determine the fate of these compounds in the soil–water system, a semi-field simulated runoff experiment was conducted following the application of municipal organic waste. Therefore, the application of four biosolids was carried out. The biosolids were fortified with perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS; ~1 mg PFOS per kg biosolid), decabromodiphenyl ether (c-decaBDE; ~10 mg kg−1) and Dechlorane Plus (DP; ~0.26 mg kg−1) commercial mixtures and were applied to soil packed in 15 runoff-leaching trays (2.5 × 2 × 0.05 m). These trays were designed to collect the leachate and runoff water generated by natural rainfall. PFASs and HFRs were detected in leachate and runoff water from several rainfall events from November 2011 to May 2012 (a first rainfall event of 10.5 × 10−3 m, a second event of 16.0 × 10−3 m and a third pool event with a cumulative amount of 113.1 × 10−3 m) occurring after the initial biosolid application. The total mass distribution calculated in water samples showed a higher content in runoff samples (PFOS, 91 ± 2 %; BDE-209, 76 ± 17 %; DP, 83 ± 14 %). The order of the loamy sand soil affinity for PFOS, BDE-209 and DP was as follows: PFOS < BDE-209 ≤ DP, which was predicted, either from the compounds’ water solubility, the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) or the organic carbon-water partition coefficient (Koc). The calculated leaching potential (Lp) index or the Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS), which are based on these Kocs, revealed the reverse order of potential transport to surface and groundwater respectively.
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- 2018
20. Artisanal gold-mining in a rural environment Land degradation in Kenya
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Odumo, B. O., Nanos, N., Carbonell, G., Torrijos Garrido, Manuel, Patel, J. P., Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Odumo, B. O., Nanos, N., Carbonell, G., Torrijos Garrido, Manuel, Patel, J. P., and Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio
- Abstract
Artisanal gold-mining (AGM) is one of the most important activities in the districts of Migori and Transmara (Kenya). Gold-mining, however, is known to release vast quantities of arsenic and metals (some of which are very toxic like As, Hg, Cd, or Pb), which poses a serious threat to not only miners but also to the ecosystem and local populations. We, herein, determine the concentrations of arsenic and some heavy metals in several sample types (i.e., ore, soil, river sediment, and mine tailing) collected from the districts of Migori and Transmara. We also employ lichens and mosses as pollution bioindicators. Geostatistical tools and canonical correlation analysis were used to identify the relevant factors that affected arsenic and metal concentrations in the analysed samples. The following concentration ranges were reported in topsoil: As (1–17,250 mg kg−1), Cd (0.01–15.10 mg kg−1), Cu (7–9,238 mg kg−1), Cr (1–214 mg kg−1), Ni (5–766 mg kg−1), Pb (3–1,149 mg kg−1), and Zn (22–1,271 mg kg−1). It was concluded that the ecosystem in both districts was highly polluted by heavy metals whereas the arsenic concentrations in topsoil were among the highest reported worldwide. The results of this study provide new evidence on the impact of AGM on the environment and may further contribute to the design of policy measures with the aim of reducing environmental and human health risks associated to AGM activities.
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- 2018
21. Environmental risk assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances and halogenated flame retardants released from biosolids-amended soils
- Author
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Navarro, Ignacio, Torre Reoyo, Ana de la, Sanz, Paloma, Fernández, Carlos, Carbonell, G., Martínez, María de los Ángeles, Navarro, Ignacio, Torre Reoyo, Ana de la, Sanz, Paloma, Fernández, Carlos, Carbonell, G., and Martínez, María de los Ángeles
- Abstract
Biosolid application is considered a sustainable management tool as it positively contributes to recycle nutrients and to improve soil properties and fertility. Nevertheless, this waste management technique involves an important input source of emerging organic pollutants in soil. To evaluate the environmental potential risk related to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) due to the biosolid application to soil, a quantitative ecotoxicological risk assessment was conducted. The analyte concentrations were employed to perform an estimation of the exposure levels to contaminants in the receiving media, defining predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) for terrestrial and aquatic compartments (PECsoil, PECwater, PECsed) and for secondary poisoning via the terrestrial and aquatic food chain (PECoral, predator (T), PECoral, predator (Aq)). The risk characterization ratios (RCRs) were calculated based in the comparison of the PEC values obtained with concentrations with no effect (PNECs) on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Based on the chosen scenarios and experimental conditions, no environmental risk of PFASs and HFRs released from biosolid amended soils to different environmental compartments was detected (RCRsoil, RCRoral, worm, RCRwater, RCRsed and RCRoral, fish were below 1 in all cases). Besides, the potential health risk of PFASs and HFRs to local people who live in the scenario studied and are fed on horticultural crops grown in biosolid amended soil was also below 1, indicating that the risk is not considered significant to human health in the conditions studied. This approach provides a first insight of the risks relative to biosolid amendments to further research based on fieldwork risk assessment.
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- 2018
22. Toxicological characterisation of sludge from sewage treatment plants using toxicity identification evaluation protocols based on in vitro toxicity tests
- Author
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Babı́n, M.M., Garcı́a, P., Fernández, C., Alonso, C., Carbonell, G., and Tarazona, J.V.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
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23. Liver transplantation due to Fulminant Liver Failure secondary to hepatic submassive necrosis in a patient treated with Orlistat
- Author
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Martinez Insfran, L.A., primary, Alconchel Gago, F., additional, Ramirez Romero, P., additional, Cascales Capos, P., additional, Gomez Perez, B., additional, Gonzalez Sanchez, R., additional, Barona, L., additional, Carbonell, G., additional, Parrilla Paricio, P., additional, and Robles Campos, R., additional
- Published
- 2018
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24. Combined hepatocarcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma in patients treated as hepatocarcinoma
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Martinez Insfran, L.A., primary, Gomez Perez, B., additional, Ramirez Romero, P., additional, Barona, L., additional, Carbonell, G., additional, Alconchel Gago, F., additional, Cascales Campos, P., additional, Sanchez Bueno, F., additional, Robles Campos, R., additional, and Parrilla Paricio, P., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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25. Bioaccumulation, maternal transfer and effects of dietary 2,2″,4,4″-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) exposure on medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) offspring
- Author
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García-Mauriño, José Enrique [0000-0002-0099-8865], González Doncel, Miguel, Sastre, S., Carbonell, G., Beltrán Rodríguez, Eulalia María, González Anaya, Cristina, García-Mauriño, José Enrique, Fernández-Torija, Carlos, García-Mauriño, José Enrique [0000-0002-0099-8865], González Doncel, Miguel, Sastre, S., Carbonell, G., Beltrán Rodríguez, Eulalia María, González Anaya, Cristina, García-Mauriño, José Enrique, and Fernández-Torija, Carlos
- Abstract
A previous study conducted in our laboratory with growing medaka (Oryzias latipes) showed the capacity of BDE-47 (10–1000 ng/g) to bioaccumulate during a 40-day oral exposure. However, the results did not provide evidence for effects during or after the exposure period. In this study, breeding medakas were fed a diet for 40 days that contained 1000 ng of BDE-47/g. At predefined time points, females (time points 10, 20, 30 and 40), males (time points 30 and 40) and pools of laid eggs (time points 10, 20, 30 and 40) were sampled and collected for 1) the BDE-47 quantitative analysis in adults in the <24-h-old post-fertilization (hpf) embryos, and in the <24-h-old post-hatch (hph) eleutheroembryos; 2) the evaluation of fecundity, fertility and hatching. Additional pools of embryos collected at time point 40 were evaluated for 1) the active swimming behavior of the 48 hph offspring in the eleutheroembryonic stage; 2) the BDE-47 quantification in the 240 hph resultant larvae. BDE-47 accumulated in parents rapidly, and concentrations remained constant at higher levels in males (values within the 50–60 ng/g wet weight −w.w.- range) compared with females (70 ng/g w.w. range). The BDE-47 concentrations detected in embryos and eleutheroembryos ranged from 200 to 500 ng/g w.w. for time points 10–40. Reproductive capacity, hatching and ensuing swim bladder inflation were not affected by parental BDE-47 dietary exposure, nor was the active swimming behavior in eleutheroembryos. The BDE-47 concentration in the 240 hph larvae lowered to levels close to those detected in parents. Despite the efficient BDE-47 maternal transfer, these results offered no evidence for BDE-47 effects on fish reproduction or in the early life stages of offspring. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
- Published
- 2017
26. Uptake of perfluoroalkyl substances and halogenated flame retardants by crop plants grown in biosolids-amended soils
- Author
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Porcel, Miguel A. [0000-0003-1852-2619], Navarro, Ignacio, Torre Reoyo, Ana de la, Sanz, Paloma, Porcel, Miguel A., Carbonell, G., Martínez, María de los Ángeles, Pro González, Francisco José, Porcel, Miguel A. [0000-0003-1852-2619], Navarro, Ignacio, Torre Reoyo, Ana de la, Sanz, Paloma, Porcel, Miguel A., Carbonell, G., Martínez, María de los Ángeles, and Pro González, Francisco José
- Abstract
The bioaccumulation behavior of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) was examined in three horticultural crops and earthworms. Two species, spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), were grown in field soil amended with a single application of biosolids (at agronomic rate for nitrogen), to represent the scenario using commercial biosolids as fertilizer, and the third crop, corn (Zea mays) was grown in spiked soil (~50 mg PFOS/kg soil, ~5 mg Deca-BDE/kg soil and a mixture of both, ~50 mg PFOS and ~5 mg Deca-BDE/kg soil) to represent a worst-case scenario. To examine the bioaccumulation in soil invertebrates, earthworms (Eisenia andrei) were exposed to the spiked soil where corn had been grown. PFASs and HFRs were detected in the three crops and earthworms. To evaluate the distribution of the compounds in the different plant tissues, transfer factors (TFs) were calculated, with TF values higher for PFASs than PBDEs in all crop plants from 2 to 9-fold in spinach, 2 to 34-fold in tomato and 11 to 309-fold in corn. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values in earthworms were also higher for PFASs (4.06±2.23) than PBDEs (0.02±0.02). © 2016 Elsevier Inc.
- Published
- 2017
27. Effects of dietary 2,2′, 4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) exposure in growing medaka fish (Oryzias latipes)
- Author
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García-Mauriño, José Enrique [0000-0002-0099-8865], González Doncel, Miguel, Carbonell, G., García-Mauriño, José Enrique, Sastre, S., Beltrán Rodríguez, Eulalia María, Fernández-Torija, Carlos, García-Mauriño, José Enrique [0000-0002-0099-8865], González Doncel, Miguel, Carbonell, G., García-Mauriño, José Enrique, Sastre, S., Beltrán Rodríguez, Eulalia María, and Fernández-Torija, Carlos
- Abstract
In this research work, we addressed the effects of a diet fortified with BDE-47 (0, 10, 100, 1000 ng/g) dosed to 4–7 day-old post-hatch medaka fish for 40 days, followed by an 80-day depuration period. BDE-47 accumulation and overall growth were evaluated throughout the dosing period, and its elimination was quantified over the following 60 days. The histological condition of the thyroid gland, liver and gonads from the 1000 ng BDE-47-treated fish were assessed 5 and 70 days after exposures finished. The phenotypic males to females ratio was also quantified 70 days after treatments finished. Sixty days after the BDE-47 exposures, reproductive capacity (i.e. fecundity, fertility and hatchability) was evaluated in mating groups for a 20-day period. BDE-47 exposure via food from larval through juvenile life stages of medaka fish resulted in steady accumulation with time dose-dependently. This accumulation tendency rapidly decreased after dosing ended. The growth rates showed a significant increase only at the highest concentration 70 days after exposures finished. The histological survey did not reveal BDE-47-related alterations in the condition of the potential target organs. However, a morphometrical approach suggested BDE-47-related differences in the thickness of the epithelium that lines thyroid follicles. The reproduction studies showed comparable values for the fecundity, fertility and hatching rates. Dietary BDE-47 dosed for 40 days to growing medaka fish did not alter the phenotypic sex ratios at maturity. The dietary approach used herein could not provide conclusive evidence of effects on medaka development and thriving despite the fact that BDE-47 underwent rapid accumulation in whole fish during the 40-day treatment. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
- Published
- 2016
28. Bioaccumulation of emerging organic compounds (perfluoroalkyl substances and halogenated flame retardants) by earthworm in biosolid amended soils
- Author
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Navarro, Ignacio, Torre Reoyo, Ana de la, Sanz, Paloma, Pro González, Francisco José, Carbonell, G., Martínez, María de los Ángeles, Navarro, Ignacio, Torre Reoyo, Ana de la, Sanz, Paloma, Pro González, Francisco José, Carbonell, G., and Martínez, María de los Ángeles
- Abstract
In the present work, the bioaccumulation behavior of 49 target emerging organic compounds (20 perfluoroalkyl substances, PFASs, and 29 halogenated flame retardants, HFRs) was studied in soil invertebrates (Eisenia andrei). Multi species soil systems (MS·3) were used to assess the fate and the effects associated with the application of four biosolids in agricultural soil on terrestrial soil organisms. Biosolid amendment increased concentrations 1.5-14-fold for PFASs, 1.1-2.4-fold for polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs, and 1.1-3.6-fold for chlorinated flame retardants, CFRs. Perfluorooctanesulfonate, PFOS, (25%) and BDE-209 (60%) were the predominant PFAS and HFR compounds, respectively, in biosolids-amended soils. Total concentrations (ng/g dry weight) in earthworms from biosolid-amended soils ranged from 9.9 to 101 for PFASs, from 45 to 76 for PBDEs and 0.3-32 for CFRs. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were calculated to evaluate the degree of exposure of pollutants in earthworms. The mean BAF ranged from 2.2 to 198 for PFASs, 0.6-17 for PBDEs and 0.5-20 for CFRs. The relationship of PFAS and PBDE BAFs in earthworms and their log Kow were compared PFAS BAFs increased while PBDE BAFs declined with increasing log Kow values. The effect of the aging (21 days) on the bioavailability of the pollutants in amended soils was also assessed the residence time affected differently to the compounds studied. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.
- Published
- 2016
29. Effect of soil properties, heavy metals and emerging contaminants in the soil nematodes diversity
- Author
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Gutiérrez, Carmen, Fernández, Carlos, Escuer, Miguel, Campos-Herrera, Raquel, Beltrán Rodríguez, Eulalia María, Carbonell, G., Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Gutiérrez, Carmen, Fernández, Carlos, Escuer, Miguel, Campos-Herrera, Raquel, Beltrán Rodríguez, Eulalia María, Carbonell, G., and Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio
- Abstract
Among soil organisms, nematodes are seen as the most promising candidates for bioindications of soil health. We hypothesized that the soil nematode community structure would differ in three land use areas (agricultural, forest and industrial soils), be modulated by soil parameters (N, P, K, pH, SOM, CaCO3, granulometric fraction, etc.), and strongly affected by high levels of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Hg) and emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals and personal care products, PPCPs). Although these pollutants did not significantly affect the total number of free-living nematodes, diversity and structure community indices vastly altered. Our data showed that whereas nematodes with r-strategy were tolerant, genera with k-strategy were negatively affected by the selected pollutants. These effects diminished in soils with high levels of heavy metals given their adaptation to the historical pollution in this area, but not to emerging pollutants like PPCPs. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2016
30. Oxytetracycline effects in aquatic and terrestrial biotic systems
- Author
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Anadón, A., primary, Rodriguez, J.L., additional, Fernández, C., additional, Carbonell, G., additional, and Pro, J., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Obstrucción traqueal causada por hematoma prevertebral traumático
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Santana-Cabrera, L., primary, Oller Carbonell, G., additional, and Granados Rodríguez, M., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Effects of individual and a mixture of pharmaceuticals and personal-care products on cytotoxicity, EROD activity and ROS production in a rainbow trout gonadal cell line (RTG-2)
- Author
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Fernández, C., Carbonell, G., and Babín, M.
- Subjects
Diclofenac ,Cashmeran ,Hydrochlorothiazide ,Naproxen ,Bisphenol A ,Atenolol ,Diphenylhydantoin ,Ketoprofen ,Caffeine ,Fluoxetine ,Galaxolide ,Ethinyl estradiol ,Metoprolol ,Propanolol - Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals and personal-care products (PPCPs) in aquatic environments is of concern. Although measured concentrations of individual substances are low, little consideration has been given to the likely chronic nature of the exposures or to the potential for mixture effects. The purpose of the present study was to use the RTG-2 rainbow trout cell line to analyse sub-lethal and cytotoxic effects of PPCPs present in a wastewater-treatment-plant (WWTP) effluents and their mixtures. Interactions with cytochrome P450 1A enzyme, oxidative stress, cellular senescence and cell viability were assessed using 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD), reactive oxygen species (ROS), ß-galactosidase (ß-gal) and neutral red (NR) uptake assays, respectively. Not all of the compounds that were tested exhibited significant effects. The lowest-observed-effect concentrations and half maximal effective concentrations (EC50) were within the range 0.15 to 784.47μg l-1. Clear dose-response curves were found for cells exposed to different mixtures of PPCPs. The lowest-observed-effect concentrations and concentrations causing EC50 were within the range 0.05 to 54.61μg l-1. Four out the seven tested mixtures induced EROD activity. ROS production was detected in two mixtures. The ß-gal inhibition response was observed in six out the seven tested mixtures and occurred at a higher concentration than was observed for EROD induction activity or ROS generation. The present study clearly shows that the stress response through which cells mount a homeostatic response to toxicants can be potentially used for an initial, rapid and cost-effective assessment of the complex mixtures of PPCP that present in WWTP effluents are difficult and expensive to analyse chemically. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Published
- 2013
33. Distribution, fractionation and mobility assessment of heavy metals in a spiked soil using a multi-species soil system
- Author
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Carbonell, G., Bravo, J.C., López-Mancisidor, P., Pro, J., Fernández Torija, C., and Tarazona, J.V.
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY ,AGRICULTURAL SOILS ,ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ,HEAVY METALS ,BIOAVAILABILITY ,SOIL TRANSPORT PROCESSES ,SOIL TOXICITY ,SOIL POLLUTION ,SIMULATION MODELS ,EXPERIMENTATION ,SUELOS AGRICOLAS ,ENMIENDAS ORGANICAS ,METALES PESADOS ,BIODISPONIBILIDAD ,PROCESOS DE TRANSPORTE EN EL SUELO ,TOXICIDAD DEL SUELO ,POLUCION DEL SUELO ,MODELOS DE SIMULACION ,EXPERIMENTACION - Abstract
The concentration, distribution and fractionation of metals in a metal spiked soils were studied using a Multi-Species-Soil-System (MSx3), a terrestrial microcosms that allows a combined assessment of the chemical fate and effects on terrestrial organisms. Samples of a natural soil were spiked with a mixture of the metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn and placed on the top of soil columns simulating the heavy metal concentration due to an agricultural organic amendment (manure, sewage sludge) equivalent to 2, 5 and 10 times the original background of soil metal concentration. After 21 days exposure, metal mobility was assessed using three complementary approaches: the metal concentrations at four depths in the soil profiles (I, II, III and IV), the metal fractionation in the top soil and the percent metal detected in leachates. The upper soil profile had the highest metal concentration for the majority of the metals. For Cd, Mn and Co highest concentrations were in the bottom profile. Maximum metal mobility in leachates was for Cd (24.67%) >Co (3.65%) >Mn (3.18%) >Zn (0.55%) > and Cu (0.012%). Nickel and Cr percentages were ,0.1%. Lead mobility from soil to water was 0.004% and 0.008% for the lowest and highest treatments, respectively., En un suelo control fortificado con una mezcla de metales (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn), se ha estudiado la concentración, distribución y fraccionamiento de metales utilizando un microcosmos terrestre, Multi-Species-Soil-System (MSx3), que permite conocer el destino y los efectos de contaminantes sobre los organismos del suelo. Se fortificaron muestras de un suelo control con la mezcla de metales mencionada y se colocaron en la parte superior de las columnas de suelo, simulando el contenido de metales pesados que contiene una enmienda agraria, con residuos orgánicos (composts de residuos sólidos urbanos, lodos de depuradora), equivalente a 2, 5 y 10 veces la concentración basal de metales en el suelo control utilizado. Después de 21 días de exposición, se determinó la movilidad de los metales usando tres aproximaciones complementarias: la concentración de metales en los cuatro perfiles en que la columna de suelo fue dividida (I, II, III y IV), el fraccionamiento secuencial en el perfil superior del suelo y el porcentaje de metales que llega a los lixiviados. El perfil superior mostró, para la mayoría de los metales considerados, las concentraciones más altas, mientras que las concentraciones más elevadas de Cd, Mn y Co aparecieron en el perfil más profundo. En los lixiviados procedentes de las columnas tratadas con la mayor dosis de metales (10x) se detectaron Cd (24,67%) >Co (3,65%) > Mn (3,18%) ,> Zn (0,55%) > Cu (0,012%); sin embargo los valores Ni y Cr en estos mismos lixiviados fueron 0,1% se encontraron para Co en cualquiera de los lixiviados, tratados o control. La movilidad del Pb fue 0,004% y 0,008% para las dosis más baja y más alta respectivamente.
- Published
- 2009
34. Scientific bases for the development of water quality objectives in Spain. Ecotoxicological criteria
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Fernández, C., Carbonell, G., and Tarazona, J. V.
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Spain ,Water pollution ,Waste disposal ,Water quality ,Water analysis ,Ecology ,Toxicology ,AQUACULTURE ,ESPAÑA ,POLUCION DEL AGUA ,ELIMINACION DE DESECHOS ,CALIDAD DEL AGUA ,ANALISIS DE AGUA ,ECOLOGIA ,TOXICOLOGIA - Abstract
Water Directive Framework (2000/60/CE) deals with the pollution caused by dangerous substances being discharged into the aquatic environment. In accordance with this directive, prevention and control of pollution may be enforced by means of limiting discharges or having water quality objectives (WQOs). The directive is a framework directive, which has to be followed by implementation directives in order to be effective. This study describes the methodology, based on the application of a deterministic model, for the development of WQOs. Following this procedure, national water quality criteria for 7 metals, 15 organic compounds, ammonia, nitrites and fluoride were developed. Finally, WQOs dependant of water hardness were established, between 1 and 10 micro g L-1 for Cu and Pb and between 10 and 100 micro g L-1 for Ni and Zn. Other WQOs of metals like Sn, Cr and Se ranged from 1 to 10 micro g L-1 taking into account the metal oxidation level. WQO for ammonia was established between 0.25 and 10 mg N L-1 depending on the pH. WQO dependant of chloride concentration was established for nitrites, finding a linear relation for waters with chloride concentrations higher than 10 mg L-1. For organic compounds, WQOs for several pesticides (atrazine, simazine, molinate, terbuthylazine and metolachor, La Directiva Marco del Agua (2000/60/CE) regula la polución causada por la descarga al medio ambiente de sustancias peligrosas. El objetivo de esta directiva está claramente relacionado con la prevención y control de la polución y puede conseguirse estableciendo valores límite y/o objetivos de calidad del agua (OCAs) que se aplicarán en relación con cada vertido específico. En este estudio se describe una metodología, basada en un modelo determinístico, para la deducción de estos objetivos de calidad del agua. Siguiendo el procedimiento descrito se desarrollaron los criterios de calidad de agua nacionales para 7 metales, 15 compuestos orgánicos, amoníaco, nitritos y fluoruros. Finalmente, se establecieron OCAs relacionados con la dureza del agua para el Cu y Pb (entre 1 y 10 micro g L-1), y para el Ni y Zn (entre 1 y 10 micro g L-1). Los OCAs para otros metales como el Sn, Cr y Se se establecieron entre 1 y 10 micro g L-1 teniendo en cuenta el estado de oxidación. Para el amoníaco el OCA es dependiente del pH del agua y se estableció entre 0,25 y 10 mg N L-1 y para los nitritos en función de la concentración de cloruros mediante una relación lineal. En el caso de los compuestos orgánicos se calcularon OCAs para varios pesticidas (atrazina, simazina, molinato, terbutilazina y metolaclor
- Published
- 2004
35. Remediation trials for hydrocarbon-contaminated sludge from a soil washing process Evaluation of bioremediation technologies
- Author
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Fernández, M. Dolores [0000-0003-2287-9506], Pérez-Pastor, Rosa María [0000-0002-2918-8508], García Frutos, F. J., Pérez-Pastor, Rosa María, Escolano, O., Rubio, Agustín, Gimeno, Ana, Fernández, M. Dolores, Carbonell, G., Perucha, C., Laguna, Jaime, Fernández, M. Dolores [0000-0003-2287-9506], Pérez-Pastor, Rosa María [0000-0002-2918-8508], García Frutos, F. J., Pérez-Pastor, Rosa María, Escolano, O., Rubio, Agustín, Gimeno, Ana, Fernández, M. Dolores, Carbonell, G., Perucha, C., and Laguna, Jaime
- Abstract
The usual fate of highly contaminated fine products (silt-clay fractions) from soil washing plants is disposal in a dump or thermal destruction (organic contaminants), with consequent environmental impacts. Alternative treatments for these fractions with the aim of on-site reuse are needed. Therefore, the feasibility of two technologies, slurry bioremediation and landfarming, has been studied for the treatment of sludge samples with a total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content of 2243. mg/kg collected from a soil washing plant. The treatability studies were performed at the laboratory and pilot-real scales. The bioslurry assays yielded a TPH reduction efficiency of 57% and 65% in 28 days at the laboratory and pilot scale, respectively. In the landfarming assays, a TPH reduction of 85% in six months was obtained at laboratory scale and 42% in three months for the bioremediation performed in the full-scale. The efficiency of these processes was evaluated by ecotoxicity assessments. The toxic effects in the initial sludge sample were very low for most measured parameters. After the remediation treatments, a decrease in toxic effects was observed in earthworm survival and in carbon mineralisation. The results showed the applicability of two well known bioremediation technologies on these residues, this being a novelty. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
- Published
- 2012
36. Remediation trials for hydrocarbon-contaminated sludge from a soil washing process: evaluation of bioremediation technologies
- Author
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García Frutos, F. J., Pérez, R., Escolano, O., Rubio, A., Gimeno García, Ana, Fernández, M. D., Carbonell, G., Perucha, C., Laguna, J., García Frutos, F. J., Pérez, R., Escolano, O., Rubio, A., Gimeno García, Ana, Fernández, M. D., Carbonell, G., Perucha, C., and Laguna, J.
- Abstract
The usual fate of highly contaminated fine products (silt-clay fractions) from soil washing plants is disposal in a dump or thermal destruction (organic contaminants), with consequent environmental impacts. Alternative treatments for these fractions with the aim of on-site reuse are needed. Therefore, the feasibility of two technologies, slurry bioremediation and landfarming, has been studied for the treatment of sludge samples with a total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content of 2243 mg/kg collected from a soil washing plant. The treatability studies were performed at the laboratory and pilot-real scales. The bioslurry assays yielded a TPH reduction efficiency of 57% and 65% in 28 days at the laboratory and pilot scale, respectively. In the landfarming assays, a TPH reduction of 85% in six months was obtained at laboratory scale and 42% in three months for the bioremediation performed in the full-scale. The efficiency of these processes was evaluated by ecotoxicity assessments. The toxic effects in the initial sludge sample were very low for most measured parameters. After the remediation treatments, a decrease in toxic effects was observed in earthworm survival and in carbon mineralisation. The results showed the applicability of two well known bioremediation technologies on these residues, this being a novelty
- Published
- 2011
37. Effects of municipal solid waste compost and mineral fertilizer amendments on soil properties and heavy metals distribution in maize plants (Zea mays L.)
- Author
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Delgado Arroyo, Maria del Mar [0000-0003-0278-4956], Carbonell, G., Miralles de Imperial, R., Torrijos Garrido, Manuel, Delgado Arroyo, Maria del Mar, Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio, Delgado Arroyo, Maria del Mar [0000-0003-0278-4956], Carbonell, G., Miralles de Imperial, R., Torrijos Garrido, Manuel, Delgado Arroyo, Maria del Mar, and Rodríguez Martín, José Antonio
- Abstract
Soil amendments based on crop nutrient requirements are considered a beneficial management practice. A greenhouse experiment with maize seeds (Zea mays L.) was conducted to assess the inputs of metals to agricultural land from soil amendments. Maize seeds were exposed to a municipal solid waste (MSW) compost (50Mgha-1) and NPK fertilizer (33g plant-1) amendments considering N plant requirement until the harvesting stage with the following objectives (1) determine the accumulation of total and available metals in soil and (2) know the uptake and ability of translocation of metals from roots to different plant parts, and their effect on biomass production. The results showed that MSW compost increased Cu, Pb and Zn in soil, while NPK fertilizer increased Cd and Ni, but decreased Hg concentration in soil. The root system acted as a barrier for Cr, Ni, Pb and Hg, so metal uptake and translocation were lower in aerial plant parts. Biomass production was significantly enhanced in both MSW and NPK fertilizer-amended soils (17%), but also provoked slight increases of metals and their bioavailability in soil. The highest metal concentrations were observed in roots, but there were no significant differences between plants growing in amended soil and the control soil. Important differences were found for aerial plant parts as regards metal accumulation, whereas metal levels in grains were negligible in all the treatments. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
- Published
- 2011
38. Correlation between physicochemical and ecotoxicological approaches to estimate landfill leachates toxicity
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Pablos, María Victoria [0000-0003-2955-5846], Pablos, María Victoria, Martini, F., Fernández, Carlos, Babín, M. del Mar, Herraez, I., Miranda, Francisco Javier, Martínez, Jesús Antonio, Carbonell, G., San-Segundo, Laura, García-Hortigüela, Pilar, Tarazona, J. V., Pablos, María Victoria [0000-0003-2955-5846], Pablos, María Victoria, Martini, F., Fernández, Carlos, Babín, M. del Mar, Herraez, I., Miranda, Francisco Javier, Martínez, Jesús Antonio, Carbonell, G., San-Segundo, Laura, García-Hortigüela, Pilar, and Tarazona, J. V.
- Abstract
Leachates from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills may contain a huge diversity of contaminants; these wastewaters should be considered as potentially hazardous complex mixtures, representing a potential environmental risk for surface and groundwater. Current MSW landfill wastes regulatory approaches deem exclusively on the physicochemical characterization and does not contemplate the ecotoxicological assessment of landfill leachates. However, the presence of highly toxic substances in consumer products requires reconsideration on the need of more specific ecotoxicological assessments. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of different MSW landfill leachates using a battery of toxicity tests including acute toxicity tests with Daphnia magna and the anuran Xenopus laevis and the in vitro toxicity test with the fish cell line RTG-2. The additional objective was to study the possible correlation between physicochemical properties and the toxicity results obtained for untreated landfill leachates. The results showed that the proposed test battery was effective for the ecotoxicological characterization of MSW landfill leachates. A moderate to strong correlation between the measured physicochemical parameters and the calculated toxicity units was detected for all toxicity assays. Correlation factors of 0.85, 0.86 and 0.55 for Daphnia, Xenopus and RTG-2 tests, respectively, were found. The discriminant analysis showed that certain physicochemical parameters could be used for an initial categorization of the potential aquatic acute toxicity of leachates; this finding may facilitate leachates management as the physicochemical characterization is currently the most common or even only monitoring method employed in a large majority of landfills. Ammonia, alkalinity and chemical oxygen demand (COD), together with chloride, allowed a proper categorization of leachates toxicity for up to 75% of tested samples, with a small percentage of false negatives. © 2011
- Published
- 2011
39. Environmental risk assessment of ivermectin A case study
- Author
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Liebig, M., Alonso, Álvaro, Blübaum-Gronau, E., Boxall, A. B. A., Brinke, M., Carbonell, G., Egeler, H., Fenner, K., Fernández, Carlos, Fink, G., Garric, Jean, Halling-Sørensen, B., Knacker, T., Krogh, K. A., Küster, Anette, Dirk, Löffler, Pope, L., Prasse, C., Römbke, J., Rönnefahrt, I., Schneider, Manuel K., Schweitzer, N., Tarazona, J. V., Ternes, T. A., Traunspurger, Walter, Wehrhan, A., Duis, Karen, Porcel, Miguel A., Liebig, M., Alonso, Álvaro, Blübaum-Gronau, E., Boxall, A. B. A., Brinke, M., Carbonell, G., Egeler, H., Fenner, K., Fernández, Carlos, Fink, G., Garric, Jean, Halling-Sørensen, B., Knacker, T., Krogh, K. A., Küster, Anette, Dirk, Löffler, Pope, L., Prasse, C., Römbke, J., Rönnefahrt, I., Schneider, Manuel K., Schweitzer, N., Tarazona, J. V., Ternes, T. A., Traunspurger, Walter, Wehrhan, A., Duis, Karen, and Porcel, Miguel A.
- Abstract
The veterinary parasiticide ivermectin was selected as a case study compound within the project ERAPharm (Environmental Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals). Based on experimental data generated within ERAPharm and additional literature data, an environmental risk assessment (ERA) was performed mainly according to international and European guidelines. For the environmental compartments surface water, sediment, and dung, a risk was indicated at all levels of the tiered assessment approach. Only for soil was no risk indicated after the lower tier assessment. However, the use of effects data from additional 2-species and multispecies studies resulted in a risk indication for collembolans. Although previously performed ERAs for ivermectin revealed no concern for the aquatic compartment, and transient effects on dung-insect populations were not considered as relevant, the present ERA clearly demonstrates unacceptable risks for all investigated environmental compartments and hence suggests the necessity of reassessing ivermectin-containing products. Based on this case study, several gaps in the existing guidelines for ERA of pharmaceuticals were shown and improvements have been suggested. The action limit at the start of the ERA, for example, is not protective for substances such as ivermectin when used on intensively reared animals. Furthermore, initial predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of ivermectin in soil were estimated to be lower than refined PECs, indicating that the currently used tiered approach for exposure assessment is not appropriate for substances with potential for accumulation in soil. In addition, guidance is lacking for the assessment of effects at higher tiers of the ERA, e.g.;for field studies or a tiered effects assessment in the dung compartment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2010;6567587. © 2010 SETAC.
- Published
- 2010
40. Occurrence of pharmaceutically active compounds in surface waters of the Henares-Jarama-Tajo river system (Madrid, Spain) and a potential risk characterization
- Author
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Fernández, Carlos, González Doncel, Miguel, Pro González, Francisco José, Carbonell, G., Tarazona, J. V., Fernández, Carlos, González Doncel, Miguel, Pro González, Francisco José, Carbonell, G., and Tarazona, J. V.
- Abstract
The Henares-Jarama-Tajo river system is the largest drainage basin in the Province of Madrid, Spain. This area is characterized by the presence of intensive urban and industrial activities influenced by a continental Mediterranean climate with rainfalls presenting substantial fluctuations along the different seasons. This research aimed to monitor seasonal variations in concentrations of 22 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in this river system and to establish the potential risk of sublethal effects on aquatic organisms. A total of 10 sampling sites were selected along the river system with samples collected in each of the four seasons during a year-round schedule. Most of the PhACs detected were present in sampling sites downstream in the vicinity of the most populated cities (i.e. Madrid, Guadalajara and Alcalá de Henares). Only two PhACs, fluoxetine and paraxantine, were detected in all sites regardless of the season, and showed median (± interquartile range) concentrations of 21.4 (± 31.2) ng L- 1 and 8.5 (± 5.3) ng L- 1, respectively. Other PhACs were detected with a frequency > 80% and included, caffeine, diphenylhydantoin, hydrochlorotiazide, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, atenolol, naproxen, carbamazepine and propanolol. Seasonal variations were observed with the highest concentrations in December and the lowest in September. By combining measured environmental concentrations with toxicity data (either publicly available or obtained experimentally in our laboratory), and by calculating an Maximum Risk Index (MaxRI) that each combination of PhACs should have for non exceeding the risk threshold, a high potential for long-term risk (MaxRI < 10) was estimated for most of the sampling sites and sampling dates. This research allowed the characterization of the potential risk for each of the PhACs to exert sublethal effects on aquatic organisms using acute screening methods, justifying the need for chronic data in order to refi
- Published
- 2010
41. Sewage sludge applied to agricultural soil Ecotoxicological effects on representative soil organisms
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Carbonell, G., Pro González, Francisco José, Gómez, N., Babín, M. del Mar, Fernández, Carlos, Alonso Prados, Elena, Tarazona, J. V., Carbonell, G., Pro González, Francisco José, Gómez, N., Babín, M. del Mar, Fernández, Carlos, Alonso Prados, Elena, and Tarazona, J. V.
- Abstract
Application of sewage sludge to agricultural lands is a current practice in EU. European legislation permits its use when concentrations of metals in soil do not increase above the maximum permissible limits. In order to assess the fate and the effects on representative soil organisms of sewage sludge amendments on agricultural lands, a soil microcosm (multi-species soil system-MS 3) experiment was performed. The MS 3 columns were filled with spiked soil at three different doses 30, 60 and 120 t ha-1 fresh wt. Seed plants (Triticum aestivum, Vicia sativa and Brassica rapa) and earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were introduced into the systems. After a 21-d exposure period, a statistically significant increase for Cd, Cu, Zn and Hg concentrations was found for the soils treated with the highest application rate. Dose-related increase was observed for nickel concentrations in leachates. Plants and earthworm metal body burden offer much more information than metal concentrations and help to understand the potential for metal accumulation. Bioaccumulation factor (BAFplant-soil) presented a different behavior among species and large differences for BAFearthworm-soil, from control or sewage-amended soil, for Cd and Hg were found. B. rapa seed germination was reduced. Statistically significant decrease in fresh biomass was observed for T. aestivum and V. sativa at the highest application rate, whereas B. rapa biomass decreased at any application rate. Enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) as well as respiration rate on soil microorganisms were enlarged.
- Published
- 2009
42. Bioaccumulation assessment via an adapted multi-species soil system (MS·3) and its application using cadmium
- Author
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Alonso Prados, Elena, González Núñez, Manuel, Carbonell, G., Fernández, Carlos, Tarazona, J. V., Alonso Prados, Elena, González Núñez, Manuel, Carbonell, G., Fernández, Carlos, and Tarazona, J. V.
- Abstract
This paper presents an experimental design for quantifying the transfer of chemicals at low trophic levels of terrestrial ecosystems. The soil microcosms, MS·3foodchain (food chain multi-specie soil system) covered the transfer from soil to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and from soil to plant (Triticum aestivum), then to phytophagus (Rhopalosiphum padi) and finally predator (Chrysoperla carnea) species. Cadmium was used as model pollutant. Cadmium accumulation in foliar invertebrates was related to the species biology. A significant transfer of this metal through the minimized food chain was found for all species, but not a biomagnification in the predator species. Results pointed out the relevance of foliar invertebrates and their trophic relationships as additional exposure routes for assessing secondary poisoning in predators. Hence, MS·3foodchain, could be applied for terrestrial environmental risk assessment when potential bioaccumulation could be expected. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2009
43. Use of a novel battery of bioassays for the biological characterisation of hazardous wastes
- Author
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Navas Antón, José María [0000-0002-7644-8499], Pablos, María Victoria [0000-0003-2955-5846], Pablos, María Victoria, Fernández, Carlos, Babín, M. del Mar, Martini, F., García-Hortigüela, Pilar, Tarazona, J. V., Navas Antón, José María, Carbonell, G., Navas Antón, José María [0000-0002-7644-8499], Pablos, María Victoria [0000-0003-2955-5846], Pablos, María Victoria, Fernández, Carlos, Babín, M. del Mar, Martini, F., García-Hortigüela, Pilar, Tarazona, J. V., Navas Antón, José María, and Carbonell, G.
- Abstract
Four toxicity bioassays were used for the biological characterisation of nine hazardous wastes and extracts. This evaluation included conventional and novel bioassays, and combined in vivo and in vitro tests in order to facilitate the effect characterisation. This test battery incorporated different relevant taxonomic groups for the aquatic compartment and covered several ecotoxicological endpoints. The toxicity bioassays used for this characterisation were the acute immobilisation daphnia test, an acute toxicity test with larvae of Xenopus laevis, an in vitro test with the fish cell line RTG-2 comprising endpoints for cellular defence and viability, and finally the DR-CALUX® assay to detect dioxin-like compounds. The aim of this study is to contribute to the development of a cost-effective battery of toxicity tests for the acute screening of hazardous and toxic wastes for the aquatic compartment. For this objective, the correlations between toxicity data derived from all bioassay were studied using a multivariate analysis, including the Principal Component Analysis. The results showed that Daphnia and Xenopus were effective assays to detect toxicity and they could be incorporated to a screening test battery. On the other hand, the toxicity results with the in vitro test RTG-2 showed that this test could be a good alternative to in vivo tests, demonstrating an acceptable sensitivity for toxicity detection and contributing other advantages as reducing assays cost and animal testing. Finally DR-CALUX® test implemented the tests-batteries in the screening of hazardous wastes when there is a suspicious that dioxin-like compounds are presented in the samples. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2009
44. Mercury and lead hepatic content in shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) and gannet (Morus bassanus) from the Galician coast (Spain)
- Author
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Soler, Francisco [0000-0002-4925-1092], Carbonell, G., Fernández-Torija, Carlos, López-Beceiro, Ana, Fidalgo, Luis Eusebio, Hernández Moreno, David, Soler, Francisco, Pérez-López, Marcos, Soler, Francisco [0000-0002-4925-1092], Carbonell, G., Fernández-Torija, Carlos, López-Beceiro, Ana, Fidalgo, Luis Eusebio, Hernández Moreno, David, Soler, Francisco, and Pérez-López, Marcos
- Abstract
At the present work, heavy metal (Hg and Pb) concentrations in hepatic tissue from two seabird species (shag, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, and gannet, Morus bassanus) have been analyzed, by using collected animals which died or were dying along the Galician coast (NW Spain). The considered animals were divided in two groups, considering if they had been affected or not by the oil spill caused by the "Prestige" in November 2002, and in order to determine if such spill had modified the heavy metal content of such seabird species. After sample wet digestion, heavy metal content was determined using anodic stripping voltammetry (Pb) and direct mercury analyzer (DMA) (Hg). When considering inter-specific differences for total Hg, hepatic concentrations from shag samples (mean 4.2-7.6 ppm) were higher than those from gannet (mean 1.6-1.8 ppm), with a maximum value reaching up to 20 ppm (wet weight), corresponding to an animal affected by the oil spill. With regards to Pb content, results were different, with slightly higher levels from gannet samples than those from shag, but never exceeding 0.01 ppm (wet weight). When considering both established groups (affected or not by the "Prestige" accident), it could be established that the oil spill did not affect on a statistically significant manner the levels of both metallic contaminants on the hepatic tissue of the considered animals.
- Published
- 2007
45. Assessing the influence of biota on metal mobility in a multi-species soil system (MS·3)
- Author
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Alonso Prados, Elena, Fernández, Carlos, Najera, Isaac, Pro González, Francisco José, Tarazona, J. V., Carbonell, G., Alonso Prados, Elena, Fernández, Carlos, Najera, Isaac, Pro González, Francisco José, Tarazona, J. V., and Carbonell, G.
- Abstract
Multi-species soil systems (MS·3) are homogeneous soil columns that allow a combined assessment of chemical fate and effects on representative soil organisms. Theoretically, the presence of organisms can modify the movement of chemicals in the soil core. This influence was studied for copper and cadmium comparing the results on MS·3 with earthworms and two plant species versus soil columns without organisms. Metals were applied on the top of the soil at three doses low (3.4 g Cu/ha + 1.7 g Cd/ha), medium (8.5 g Cu/ha + 4.3 g Cd/ha) and high (17 g Cu/ha + 8.5 g Cd/ha). Three organic compounds (pentachlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol and chlorpyrifos) were applied. Toxicity and metal levels in biota followed dose-response relationships. Results showed higher metal concentrations in the depth layers of MS·3 than in the soil columns. The effect was higher for the lower dose, where organisms were less affected, than at the higher doses, where very severe toxicity was observed, confirming the role of organisms in the enhanced mobility. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Published
- 2006
46. Effects of sulfachlorpyridazine in MS·3-arable land A multispecies soil system for assessing the environmental fate and effects of veterinary medicines
- Author
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Boleas, S., Alonso, Carmen, Pro González, Francisco José, Babín, M. del Mar, Fernández, Carlos, Carbonell, G., Tarazona, J. V., Boleas, S., Alonso, Carmen, Pro González, Francisco José, Babín, M. del Mar, Fernández, Carlos, Carbonell, G., and Tarazona, J. V.
- Abstract
A multispecies soil system (MS·3) has been used to evaluate the ecological effects of veterinary pharmaceuticals in soil as a result of routine agricultural practices. Different experimental conditions were tested and the variation of the different parameters was evaluated for a final design. A protocol for the MS·3-arable land is presented here. Emergence of seedlings, plant elongation and biomass, earthworm mortality, and soil microbial enzymatic activities have been selected as toxicological endpoints for soil organisms. Toxicity tests were conducted with the leachate on aquatic organisms (in vitro fish cell lines, daphnids, and algae). The system was used for assessing the effects of the antimicrobial sulfachlorpyridazine that was tested in triplicate at concentrations of 0.01, 1, and 100 mg/kg. The chemical was mixed uniformly with a 20-cm depth soil column to resemble the distribution of manure within arable soil. Reversible and nonreversible effects on soil enzymatic activities were observed at 1 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Earthworms were not affected. Significant reduction of plant elongation and biomass was observed at the highest concentration. Degradation and leaching contributed to the dissipation of sulfachlorpyridazine from the soil column. The undiluted leachate was highly toxic to Daphnia magna. The parent chemical was assumed responsible for the leachate toxicity although the role of mobile metabolites could not be excluded fully. No significant effects were observed for green algae Chlorella vulgaris and for the rainbow trout established cell lines RTG-2 (rainbow trout gonads) and RTL-W1 (rainbow trout liver). The MS·3 system offers a cost-effective experimental approach to measure simultaneously fate and effects of chemicals on a realistic soil system under controlled laboratory conditions. The advantages of using MS·3-effect endpoints are discussed. © 2005 SETAC.
- Published
- 2005
47. Toxicity of the antimicrobial oxytetracycline to soil organisms in a multi-species-soil system (MS·3) and influence of manure co-addition
- Author
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Boleas, S., Alonso, Carmen, Pro González, Francisco José, Fernández, Carlos, Carbonell, G., Tarazona, J. V., Boleas, S., Alonso, Carmen, Pro González, Francisco José, Fernández, Carlos, Carbonell, G., and Tarazona, J. V.
- Abstract
The effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) on soil organisms have been studied using a multi-species-soil system (MS·3). Oxytetracycline concentrations of 0.01 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg soil were added to the 20 cm top arable soil layer, with and without horse/cow manure (0.15 g organic N/kg soil) co-addition. No mortality was observed for Eisenia foetida S. but significant effects on soil microbial enzymatic activities (phosphatase, dehydrogenase) were observed. The effects on soil microorganism were observed earlier but then recovered in systems with manure co-addition. More important, OTC related plant inhibition was observed in the manured but not in the non-manured systems. Oxytetracycline reached 0.19 and 1.85 mg/l in the leachate of the soil spiked with 1 and 100 mg OTC/kg, respectively and 0.05 and 1.14 mg/l for the same OTC concentrations in the manured systems. The results confirm that manure can modify both the fate and the effects of OTC and that the multi-species-soil systems can reproduce the conditions for a realistic effect estimation of veterinary medicines. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2005
48. Re-reply to Notes on the models of cadmium kinetics
- Author
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García Gómez, Concepción, Carbonell, G., Tarazona, J. V., García Gómez, Concepción, Carbonell, G., and Tarazona, J. V.
- Published
- 2005
49. Virulence properties of a peptide hemolysin produced by Enterococcus faecalis
- Author
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Furumura, M. T., primary, Figueirêdo, P. M. S., additional, Carbonell, G. V., additional, Darini, A. L., additional, Bomfim, Maria Rosa Quaresma, additional, Turri, Rosimary de Jesus Gomes, additional, Moraes, Francyelle Costa, additional, Andrade, Cristina Monteiro de, additional, Mendes, Hermínio Benitez Rabello, additional, Neto, Valério Monteiro, additional, and Yano, T., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Modelling the absorption and desorption of cadmium on paper pulp using kinetic approaches
- Author
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García Gómez, Concepción, Carbonell, G., Tarazona, J. V., García Gómez, Concepción, Carbonell, G., and Tarazona, J. V.
- Abstract
The presence of toxic metals on paper pulp and the migration of these metals to food from the food package is receiving significant attention. The final exposure levels for consumers depend on two main processes. First the potential of metals to bind paper pulp during manufacture. Second, the metal potential to migrate from paper to food during storage and use. Binding and unbinding processes are modelled for cadmium kinetics through kinetic approaches. The cadmium concentration in paper pulp is estimated from the cadmium concentration in the water-pulp liquor during manufacture, the temperature, and contact time. Two food simulants have been employed for desorption studies, water and acetic solution (3%, w/w). As expected, under acidic conditions desorption is total and rapid (close to 100% desorption reached in a few minutes). However, the desorption of cadmium into the neutral food simulant depends on the initial cadmium concentration in the paper pulp, temperature and contact time. Surface response curves for each combination are presented. Temperature did not affect cadmium binding, but played a significant role for the desorption processes into the neutral food simulant. The proposed equations offer a good fitting of the experimental values, with p<0.001 and residuals within a factor of 3 for over 99% of the measured data. These models allow estimations of the expected exposure levels in consumers, on the basis of manufacture and use conditions. Linking the expected exposure with toxicity thresholds, such as the admissible daily intake (ADI), would allow a scientific assessment of the maximum acceptable cadmium levels in water-pulp liquors during manufacture and in the final paper pulp on the basic of the use patterns of each food packaging material. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2004
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