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Regarding alleviating urban traffic pressure and conserving environmental energy, it is essential to utilize the redundant capacity of urban rail transit during non-peak hours for passenger-freight collaborative transportation. In order to achieve the "dual carbon" goals in urban rail transit, a study has been conducted on the coordinated transportation of passengers and goods, which can adapt to the evolving carbon emission policies. A method for calculating the waiting time that allows passengers to queue for a second time has been proposed by studying the queue of passengers. A multiobjective optimization model for urban rail transit passenger-freight collaborative transportation has been constructed, with the objectives of minimizing carbon emissions and passenger waiting time, considering constraints such as carbon emission policy, train operation safety, passenger and freight loading balance, and train formation scheme. An improved nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) has been designed to deal with the complexity of solving the multiobjective model. The algorithm utilizes the filtering function of the constraint conditions during the initial population generation process, effectively balancing the relationship between the filtering and time consumption of the NSGA-II algorithm. Taking the Wuxi Metro Line 3 as an example for analysis, the results show that: ① Although the average passenger waiting time increases by about 0.53 minutes in this method, the carbon emissions of the trains decrease by approximately 21.3%. Meanwhile, the average seating rate of the optimized solution is 5%~15% higher than the traditional transportation scheme used by Wuxi Metro Line 3. The superiority of urban rail transportation for passenger-freight collaborative transportation has been verified. ② With the mandatory control of carbon emission control, the passengerfreight collaborative optimization scheme is not affected by different carbon emission limits. Under the carbon tax policy, transportation schemes are less affected by different carbon tax levels. Transportation schemes remain consistent under the different limits of carbon trading policies. The proposed model and algorithm provide decision-making support for urban rail transit operators to optimize transportation plans under different carbon emission policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major goal of the "14th Five-Year Plan" phase is to promote the green transformation of industrial enterprises to address the 'dual carbon' challenge. Utilizing the China Industrial Enterprises Database and the Polluting Enterprises Database, this paper calculates the carbon emissions of Chinese industrial enterprises from 2001 to 2010 at the micro level. It presents an analysis of the heterogeneity of carbon emission efficiency (TPI) in industrial enterprises, as well as the factors influencing corporate TPI. This study finds that enterprises within a subdivided industry exhibit heterogeneous levels of TPI, with carbon emissions largely affected by the structure of energy consumption. The researchers suggest accelerating the transition of industrial enterprises to green technology and argue that carbon emission policies should shift from controlling direct total targets to strengthening market-oriented policy tools. Carbon reduction targets should be more stringent for enterprises with lower TPI, considering the heterogeneity among enterprises. To meet the challenges of emission reduction, industrial enterprises are encouraged to actively reform their energy consumption structure. Government policies should aim to reduce clean energy costs and encourage the use of clean energy by industrial enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major goal of the “14th Five-Year Plan” phase is to promote the green transformation of industrial enterprises to address the ‘dual carbon’ challenge. Utilizing the China Industrial Enterprises Database and the Polluting Enterprises Database, this paper calculates the carbon emissions of Chinese industrial enterprises from 2001 to 2010 at the micro level. It presents an analysis of the heterogeneity of carbon emission efficiency (TPI) in industrial enterprises, as well as the factors influencing corporate TPI. This study finds that enterprises within a subdivided industry exhibit heterogeneous levels of TPI, with carbon emissions largely affected by the structure of energy consumption. The researchers suggest accelerating the transition of industrial enterprises to green technology and argue that carbon emission policies should shift from controlling direct total targets to strengthening market-oriented policy tools. Carbon reduction targets should be more stringent for enterprises with lower TPI, considering the heterogeneity among enterprises. To meet the challenges of emission reduction, industrial enterprises are encouraged to actively reform their energy consumption structure. Government policies should aim to reduce clean energy costs and encourage the use of clean energy by industrial enterprises.

During the transportation of aquatic products, living states of the aquatic products and carbon emission of the carriers are respectively the concerns of the carrier enterprises and the government. Drivers adds virtual living states of aquatic products to the real driving environments through augmented reality technology to help themselves control oxygen contents and temperatures, and choose distribution routes. Furthermore, the effectiveness of carbon emission policy is investigated by simulating the impact of the policy on the distribution operations. In the simulation, the carriers take the minimization of overall costs of the distribution operations as the objective. In order to meet the requirements of carbon emission policies, factors of customer demands, road lengths and road congestion are used to determine the distribution. The simulation is implemented based on genetic algorithm: total costs are used as fitness values, and distribution sequences are encoded into chromosomes. And the carbon emission price is introduced as a operating parameter. Through running the simulation, we obtained the overall costs, carbon emission amounts and carbon emission costs. And a linear equation are fitted on the output data passed the reliability test. Based on the linear equation, it is concluded that the increase of the carbon emission price is helpful in reducing carbon emission amount, but it would greatly increase the operation costs of the carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon emission policy aims to restrict carbon emissions from energy-intensive companies. It encourages target companies to take green innovation but brings fulfillment pressure. Policy prospects for a low-carbon economy are widely discussed in current studies while insufficient attention has been paid to the effect of the policy on the operating activities of target companies. Using the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2020, this paper explores the effect of carbon emission policy on the financial performance of target companies. The main empirical results prove the significant positive effect of the policy on the financial performance of target companies and reject the interference of earnings management and survivor bias. Further analysis indicates that target companies significantly reduce the selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses and non-operating expenses. The trade of carbon quotas between target companies is allowed and it is regarded as non-operating activity. Results of non-operating revenues and expenses prove that target companies tend to actively reduce carbon emissions but the action does not exceed the policy expectation. The increasing efficiency of asset utilization represents that target companies have taken relevant measures to deal with overcapacity. This paper confirms the positive policy responses of target companies. Policy implications are proposed from the perspective of coverage expansion and market incentive mechanisms to realize the full potential of target companies for carbon emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Carbon tax has significant implications for electricity pricing and market behavior. • Access to renewable energy mitigates the negative price impacts of a carbon tax. • Interregional connectivity can play a significant role in the event of a carbon tax. • Electricity markets pricing and behavior reverts when carbon tax is abolished. Internationally, there is increasing emphasis on climate change, this study contributes by examining the impact of carbon tax on wholesale electricity pricing and market behaviour. Empirical results using a natural experiment from Australia's carbon pricing mechanism (CPM) indicate that wholesale electricity costs increase between 22.1% to 68.0% across connected regions after controlling for relevant factors. The significant difference in price impacts can be attributed to the distinct fuel mix for electricity generation across states and the capacity to import renewable hydroelectricity. Market behavioural shift from coal to other energy sources during the CPM regime is reversed after the abolition of carbon tax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With an increasing demand for green and environmentally friendly products, configuring a customized product from modular product design to satisfy both individualized customer requirements and environment restrictions has become a vital task for mass customization. In this paper, we addressed a module-based product configuration problem under carbon emission regulation, i.e., carbon cap-and-trade schema. The configuration problem under carbon cap-and-trade schema was formulated as a mixed-integer programming problem. Due to the NP-hard characteristics of the model, a genetic algorithm was employed to solve the configuration problems under carbon cap-and-trade. Experiments were carried out to analyze the effects of carbon emissions on product configuration decisions and carbon purchasing decisions. As a result, the range for carbon emission cap is suggested for both manufacturers and government agency, which provides the decision supporting for both customized and low-carbon production and green manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]