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3. Effect of hypocapnia/alkalosis on the fluid filtration rate in isolated and perfused rabbit lungs

Author

Urich, Daniela, Trejo, Humberto, Pezzulo, Alejandro, Caraballo, Juan Carlos, Gutiérrez, Jeydith, Castro, Ignacio, and Sánchez-de León, Roberto

Subjects
edema pulmonar, conejos, Hypocapnia, papaverine, alkalosis, rabbit, Hipocapnia, hydrocortisone, alcalosis, fenoterol, hidrocortisona, papaverina, lung edema
Abstract

La hipocapnia/alcalosis es una situación que se presenta como consecuencia de diversas patologías pulmonares o metabólicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si el aumento de la tasa de filtración de liquido (TFL) que ocurre bajo estas circunstancias, está determinado por la hipocapnia, la alcalosis o la suma de ambas. Se realizaron 7 grupos (n=36), utilizando pulmones aislados de conejos. Grupo 1: Control (PCO2 6%, pH: 7,35-7,45); Grupo 2 (n=6): Hipocapnia/Alcalosis (CO2 1%, pH: 7,9); Grupo 3 (n=6): Hipocapnia/Normo-pH (CO2 1% pH 7,35-7,45), Grupo 4 (n=6) Normocapnia/Alcalosis (CO2 6%, pH: 7,9). En los grupos 5, 6 y 7 (n=4), todos bajo condición de Normocapnia/Alcalosis se añadió fenoterol, papaverina, e hidrocortisona respectivamente. La TFL y la presión de arteria pulmonar (Pap) fueron considerablemente mayores en el grupo 2 que en el control (TFL:1,92g/min ± 0,6 vs 0,0g/min ± 0,006), observándose una marcada influencia del pH, al comparar el grupo 3 y el grupo 4 (TFL: 0,02g/min ± 0,009 vs 2,3g/min ± 0,9) y (Pap: 13,5 cmH2O ± 1,4 vs 90 cmH2O ± 15). Se observó una disminución del efecto en los grupos 5 y 6 (papaverina e hidrocortisona) y su abolición total con fenoterol (grupo 7) (TFL: 0,001 ± 0,0003 g/min y Pap: 14 ± 0,8 cmH2O). El edema pulmonar inducido por Hipocapnia/Alcalosis es consecuencia principalmente de la alcalosis y no de la hipocapnia. Dicho efecto podría ser debido a un daño inflamatorio a nivel del parénquima y a la vasoconstricción causada por la alcalosis. Hypocapnia/alkalosis is a consequence of several lung and metabolic pathologies. The aim of this study was to determine whether the increase of fluid filtration rate (FFR) that occurs during Hypocapnia/alkalosis circumstances is determined by hypocapnia, alkalosis or both. 7 groups were formed (N=36) using isolated rabbit lungs. Group 1: Control (PCO2 6%, pH: 7.35-7.45); Group 2 (n=6): Hypocapnia/Alkalosis (CO2 1%, pH: 7.9); Group 3 (n=6): Hypocapnia/Normo-pH (CO2 1% pH 7.35-7.45), Group 4 (n=6) Normocapnia/Alcalosis (CO2 6%, pH: 7.9). Fenoterol, papaverine and hydrocortisone were added to Groups 5, 6 and 7 (n=4) respectively, all under Normocapnia/Alkalosis. FFR and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (Pap) were considerably higher in group 2 than in control (FFR:1.92g/min ± 0.6 vs 0.0g/min ± 0.006). A strong influence exerted by pH was observed when Group 3 and group 4 were compared (FFR: 0.02g/min ± 0.009 vs 2.3g/min ± 0.9) and (Pap: 13.5 cmH2O ± 1.4 vs 90 cmH2O ± 15). A reduced effect was observed in groups 5 and 6 (papaverine and hydrocorisone) and a totally abolished effect was observed in group 7 (fenoterol) (FFR: 0.001 ± 0.0003 mL/min and Pap: 14±0.8 cmH2O). Pulmonary edema induced by Hypocapnia/alkalosis is a consequence of alkalosis and not of hypocapnia. This effect could be due to inflammatory damage in the lung parenchyma and alkalosis-mediated vasoconstriction.

Published
2008

5. Iron oxide nanoparticles induce Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth, induce biofilm formation, and inhibit antimicrobial peptide function

Author

Borcherding, Jennifer, primary, Baltrusaitis, Jonas, additional, Chen, Haihan, additional, Stebounova, Larissa, additional, Wu, Chia-Ming, additional, Rubasinghege, Gayan, additional, Mudunkotuwa, Imali A., additional, Caraballo, Juan Carlos, additional, Zabner, Joseph, additional, Grassian, Vicki H., additional, and Comellas, Alejandro P., additional

Published
2014
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8. Iron oxide nanoparticles induce Pseudomonas aeruginosagrowth, induce biofilm formation, and inhibit antimicrobial peptide functionElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: ESI contains a detailed description of particle synthesis and sources and a schematic diagram of the antimicrobial peptide assay. See DOI: 10.1039/c3en00029j

Author

Borcherding, Jennifer, Baltrusaitis, Jonas, Chen, Haihan, Stebounova, Larissa, Wu, Chia-Ming, Rubasinghege, Gayan, Mudunkotuwa, Imali A., Caraballo, Juan Carlos, Zabner, Joseph, Grassian, Vicki H., and Comellas, Alejandro P.

Abstract

Given the increased use of iron-containing nanoparticles in a number of applications, it is important to understand any effects that iron-containing nanoparticles can have on the environment and human health. Since iron concentrations are extremely low in body fluids, there is potential that iron-containing nanoparticles may influence the ability of bacteria to scavenge iron for growth, affect virulence and inhibit antimicrobial peptide (AMP) function. In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA01) and AMPs were exposed to iron oxide nanoparticles, hematite (α-Fe2O3), of different sizes ranging from 2 to 540 nm (2 ± 1, 43 ± 6, 85 ± 25 and 540 ± 90 nm) in diameter. Here we show that the greatest effect on bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and AMP function impairment is found when exposed to the smallest particles. These results are attributed in large part to enhanced dissolution observed for the smallest particles and an increase in the amount of bioavailable iron. Furthermore, AMP function can be additionally impaired by adsorption onto nanoparticle surfaces. In particular, lysozyme readily adsorbs onto the nanoparticle surface which can lead to loss of peptide activity. Thus, this current study shows that co-exposure of nanoparticles and known pathogens can impact host innate immunity. Therefore, it is important that future studies be designed to further understand these types of impacts.

Published
2014
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9. [Effect of hypocapnia/alkalosis on the fluid filtration rate in isolated and perfused rabbit lungs].

Author

Urich D, Trejo H, Pezzulo A, Caraballo JC, Gutiérrez J, Castro I, and Sánchez-de León R

Subjects
Adrenergic beta-Agonists pharmacology, Alkalosis complications, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Blood Pressure drug effects, Fenoterol pharmacology, Fluid Shifts drug effects, Hydrocortisone pharmacology, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Hypocapnia complications, Lung blood supply, Lung drug effects, Papaverine pharmacology, Perfusion, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Edema etiology, Rabbits, Vasoconstriction drug effects, Vasoconstriction physiology, Vasodilator Agents pharmacology, Alkalosis physiopathology, Fluid Shifts physiology, Hypocapnia physiopathology, Lung physiopathology, Pulmonary Edema physiopathology
Abstract

Hypocapnia/alkalosis is a consequence of several lung and metabolic pathologies. The aim of this study was to determine whether the increase of fluid filtration rate (FFR) that occurs during Hypocapnia/alkalosis circumstances is determined by hypocapnia, alkalosis or both. 7 groups were formed (N=36) using isolated rabbit lungs. Group 1: Control (PCO2 6%, pH: 7.35-7.45); Group 2 (n=6): Hypocapnia/Alkalosis (CO2 1%, pH: 7.9); Group 3 (n=6): Hypocapnia/Normo-pH (CO2 1% pH 7.35-7.45), Group 4 (n=6) Normocapnia/Alcalosis (CO2 6%, pH: 7.9). Fenoterol, papaverine and hydrocortisone were added to Groups 5, 6 and 7 (n=4) respectively, all under Normocapnia/Alkalosis. FFR and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (Pap) were considerably higher in group 2 than in control (FFR: 1.92g/min +/- 0.6 vs 0.0 g/min +/- 0.006). A strong influence exerted by pH was observed when Group 3 and group 4 were compared (FFR: 0.02 g/min +/- 0.009 vs 2.3 g/min +/- 0.9) and (Pap: 13.5 cmH2O +/- 1.4 vs 90 cmH2O +/- 15). A reduced effect was observed in groups 5 and 6 (papaverine and hydrocorisone) and a totally abolished effect was observed in group 7 (fenoterol) (FFR: 0.001 +/- 0.0003 mL/min and Pap: 14 +/- 0.8 cmH2O). Pulmonary edema induced by Hypocapnia/alkalosis is a consequence of alkalosis and not of hypocapnia. This effect could be due to inflammatory damage in the lung parenchyma and alkalosis-mediated vasoconstriction.

Published
2008

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