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Key to orders 1A All three pairs of abdominal appendages two-segmented, with a terminal vesicle and five setae...... Eosentomata 1B Abdominal appendages I two-segmented with a terminal vesicle and three to four setae; those on abdominal segment II and III two-segmented, with a terminal vesicle and three to four setae, or uni-segmented, without vesicle and with one to three setae......................................................................................................................... 2 2A Median setae present on meso- and metanotum................................................................................ Acerentomata 2B Median setae absent on meso- and metanotum.................................................................................... Sinentomata

Acerentulus tortii sp. nov. Figures 1���18, Tables 1, 2 Type material. Holotype female from soil collected under Abies cephalonica 650 m a.s.l., near Stropones (38�� 36��� N, 23�� 54��� E), Euboea Island, Central Greece, 30th April 1987, coll. B. Hauser; 8 male and 30 female paratypes, same locality as holotype. Other material examined. Five pre-imagos, 4 maturus juniors, 2 larvae II. The holotype and most of the paratypes are deposited in the Geneva Natural History Museum, Switzerland (MHNG registry number of the series: Ir-87/26). Two paratypes (1 male, 1 female) are deposited in the collection of Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell���Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV) of Genoa University. Description. Female and male dimensions significantly different only in body length (Mann-Whitney U = 28, z = -2.0333, p sd4, sd5 and l3 short and thin; seta d6 absent (Fig. 1). Frontal pore fp present, anterior to level of pseudoculi (Fig. 1). Pseudoculus almost circular, diameter 10 �� 1 ��m (9���12, n = 24), longitudinally divided (Fig. 2); PR = 13.4 �� 1.1 (11.5���16, n = 23). Proximal part of the maxillary gland canal (Fig. 3) 32 �� 3 ��m long (27���37, n = 22), with tripartite posterior dilation, CF = 4.3 �� 0.3 (3.7���4.9, n = 21). Maxillary palpus with two seta-like sensilla (Fig. 4). Labial palpus with apical tuft of setae and long, slender sensillum (Fig. 5). Foretarsus length 117 �� 4 ��m (110���125, n = 23), claw 31 �� 2 ��m (28���35, n = 22), without inner tooth or outer flap; TR = 3.9 �� 0.3 (3.4���4.4, n = 22); empodium length 5 �� 1 ��m (4���6, n = 18), EU = 0.15 �� 0.02 (0.13���0.18, n = 18); S-shaped seta slightly longer than claw, length 33 �� 2 ��m (30���36, n = 8). Sensillum t1 claviform, BS = 0.35 �� 0.02 (0.30���0.39, n = 23); t2 thin, t3 shaped like a willow leaf. Sensillum a passing the base of d; b passing the base of ��3; c shorter than b, just reaching ��3; d short, not reaching e; e slightly passing the base of g; f slightly closer to e than to g, apices of both f and g not reaching the base of claw; f longer than g. Sensillum a' broad and distal to t1, short, not reaching base of b'; b' thin and slightly passing base of c'; c' thin, its apex not reaching base of claw. Ventral seta ��1 shorter than interior seta ��4; ��4 situated proximally to c���; ��-setae all rather short (Figs. 6, 7). Foretarsal pore present near sensillum c (Fig. 6). Middle tarsus length 50 �� 3 ��m (44���57, n = 21), claw length 21 �� 3 ��m (15���26, n = 21). Hind tarsus length 59 �� 3 ��m (52���67, n = 21), claw length 22 �� 2 ��m (range: 17���26; n = 21). Inner margin of middle and hind tarsus coxae with pointed tooth. Thoracic tergite I with two pairs of setae (Table 1). Thoracic tergites II���III (Fig. 8) each with two pairs of dorsal anterior setae (A2, A4); setae P2a nearer to P3 than to P2. Seta P5 very short. Length ratio of setae P1: P2 on pronotum 1:2.64 (2.17���3.46, n = 23) on mesonotum 1:1.26 (1.11���1.52, n = 21). Tergite I with three pairs of anterior setae (A1, A2, A5) with seta A5 very short; setae P1a, P3a, P4a and P5 absent. Tergites II���V each with three pairs of anterior setae (A1, A2, A5); setae P1a and P3a absent. Tergites VI���VII (Fig. 9) with 4 pairs of anterior setae (A1, A2, A4, A5); P1a and P3a absent on tergite VI. Tergite VIII with 3 pairs of anterior setae (A2, A4, A5); P1a absent. Tergites IX and X with 12 setae; tergites XI and XII with 6 and 9 setae, respectively (Fig. 10). Prosternum, mesosternum and metasternum formulas typically 4+4/6, 5+2/4 and 7+2/4, respectively (Figs. 11, 12); seta M of meso- and metasternum bordered by lightly granulated area (Fig. 12). Sternites I���VII with 3 anterior setae (Fig. 13); sternite VIII with 4 anterior setae and 2 posterior setae; sternites IX���XI with 4 setae; sternite XII with 6 setae (Fig. 14). On thoracic tergites II���III sl pores present; al pore present only on tergite II (Fig. 8, Table 2). Psm pores present on abdominal tergites I���VIII; al on tergites II���VII; psl on VI and VII (Fig. 9). Thoracic sternites and abdominal sternites I���III without pores. Sternites IV and V with spsm pores near the base of P1 (Fig. 13). Sternite VI with two groups of spsm pores (1���3) symmetrically placed anterior to P1. Sternite VII with spm pore near its hind margin, between P1 setae (Fig. 13). Pores in some specimens flanked by 2 or three small teeth (Fig. 13). Connecting lines on anterolateral corners of sternites IV���VI absent. Abdominal appendages II and III each with three setae (Fig. 15). Granular latero-dorsal area on tergite VI elongated, roughly rectangular (Fig. 9). Striate band on Abd. VIII well developed, with distinct striae (Figs. 10, 14); comb with about 1 0���12 regular teeth (Fig. 16). Nearly continuous row of minute granules just posterior to the striate band (Figs. 10, 14). Male squama genitalis with 5 + 5 setae (Fig. 17). Female squama genitalis with tripartite acrostylus (Fig. 18). Variability. One adult with asymmetrical presence of long P2a seta on tergite VII. Pre-imago. Length of body 1002 �� 71 ��m (941���1104, n = 4); head length 125 �� 7 ��m (118���133, n = 4); foretarsus length 97 �� 4 ��m (93���102, n = 5); TR = 3.4 �� 0.2 3.3���3.6, n = 5); BS = 0.36 �� 0.03 (0.32���0.41, n = 5). Chaetotaxy (Table I) and porotaxy (Table II) identical to those of adults. Maturus junior. Length of body 834 �� 88 ��m (744���931, n = 4); head length 117 �� 6 ��m (111���125, n = 4); foretarsus length 91 �� 5 ��m (85���96; n = 4); TR = 3.6 �� 0.2 (3.4���3.8, n = 4); BS = 0.34 �� 0.01 (0.33���0.35, n = 4). Chaetotaxy (Table I) differing from that of adults in absence of seta A4 on tergite VI; setae 1a and 2a absent on tergite X; seta P2 absent on thoracic sternite I; seta 2 absent on sternite XI. Larva II. Length of body 517, 596 ��m; head length 96, 104 ��m; foretarsus length 71 ��m; TR = 3.1, 3.6; BS = 0.37, 0.39. Anterior setal rows absent on Abd. I���VII (Table I). Etymology. This species is dedicated to our friend and master Dr. Carlo Torti. 1 Following Galli & Capurro (2013). Diagnosis and discussion. Acerentulus tortii sp. nov. belongs to the A. cunhai species group (Nosek, 1973), members of which have a short foretarsal sensillum a not reaching seta ��3, and sensilla b and c subequal in length. A key to species belonging to this group was given by Shrubovych et al. (2014). In the new species foretarsal sensillum b is slightly longer than c; d and e are short; apices of f, g and c' do not reach the base of the claw; a' is broad, short, not reaching base of b'; b' and c' are thin. The connecting line on sternites IV���VI is absent. Pores are absent on the meso- and metasternum and on sternites I���III; symmetrical groups of spsm pores are present on sternite VI. The female squama genitalis has tripartite acrostylus. In the key of Shrubovych et al. (2014) A. tortii sp. nov. will trace to A. christensoni (Ewing, 1940). Acerentulus christensoni has a very long foretarsal sensillum b, much longer than c and reaching seta ��4, and long sensillum f reaching the base of the claw. Acerentulus tortii n. sp. is also quite similar to A. rafalskii Szeptycki, 1979, which differs from the new species in having foretarsal sensilla b and c subequal (both passing ��3), sensillum d long and reaching f, e long (widely passing g), a��� very short (barely reaching t2), the presence of an asymmetrical spsm pore on sternite III (1 + 0), shorter foretarsus (79���82 ��m vs 110���125 ��m), comb VIII with 8���9 teeth and male squama genitalis with 6 + 6 setae. The chaetotaxy of the new species also is similar to that of A. cunhai Cond��, 1950, A. sexspinatus Womersley, 1936, A. keikoae keikoae Imadat��, 1988 and A. kermadecensis Ramsay & Tuxen, 1978. This last species differs from A. tortii in having an elongated pseudoculus with an additional structure at the end of the lever, 6 setae on sternite XI, foretarsal sensillum b more proximal than c, and d long, passing base of e. In A. keikoae keikoae setal numbers on sternites VII and XI are 3/9 (Pc present) and 6, respectively, differing from those of the new species; foretarsal sensillum a��� is long and reaches b���; and c��� is long (passing base of claw). A. sexspinatus is bigger than A. tortii n. sp. (body length 1725 ��m, head 160 ��m, foretarsus 130 ��m) and is characterized by a particularly short claw (TR = 6); sternite XI bearing 6 setae; foretarsal sensillum a��� long, passing b���; and c��� long (reaching base of claw). A. cunhai differs from the new species in porotaxy: the meso- and metasternum have an sc pore, sternite I has an asymmetrical spsm pore (1 + 0) and sternite VII bears an asymmetrical pore near P1. The foretarsal sensillum a of A. cunhai is short, barely reaching base of d; d is long, passing f; and the female squama genitalis is bipartite., Published as part of Galli, Loris, Capurro, Matteo, Lionetti, Giuseppe & Zinni, Matteo, 2017, Acerentulus tortii sp. nov. from Greece (Protura: Acerentomidae), pp. 437-443 in Zootaxa 4232 (3) on pages 437-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4232.3.12, http://zenodo.org/record/312106, {"references":["Galli, L. & Capurro, M. (2013) Acerentulus shrubovychae sp. nov. from Italy (Protura: Acerentomidae). Zootaxa, 3609 (4), 431 - 436.","Nosek, J. (1973) The European Protura. Their taxonomy, ecology and distribution with keys for determination. Museum D'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, 345 pp."]}

Podolinella ruseki (Nosek, 1967), n. comb. Figures 23���39, Tables 3, 4 Acerentulus ruseki Nosek, 1967:78; 1973:197 Material examined. Holotype female from a Pinus nigra plantation in Frauenstein bei M��dling, Austria, July 1960, coll. G. Haybach. Paratype specimens no longer available. Other examined material: 2 males, 17 females, 2 pre-imagos, 3 maturus juniors and 3 larvae II from a traditional vineyard in Vernazza (Cinque Terre National Park), 44.136085�� N, 9.686286�� E, northwestern Italy, 25 February 2014, coll. G. Lionetti; 1 male, 1 female from an holm oak wood near Rio Loaga (Lerca, Genoa Province) 15 November 1995, coll. G. Gardini. These specimens deposited in the collection of Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell���Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV) of the Genoa University. Redescription. Body length 1024 �� 32 ��m (range: 963���1097; n = 19). Head 109 �� 5 ��m long in dorsal view (range 94���116; n = 19); head setae short; setae sd4 and sd5 present, seta d6 absent (Fig. 23). Single frontal pore anterior to the level of the pseudoculi. Rostrum very short. Pseudoculus almost circular, diameter 7 ��m (range: 6���8; n = 19), longitudinally divided (Fig. 24); PR = 15.3 (range 13.1���18.3, n = 19). Maxillary gland with a globular calyx and a distinct ���sock-shaped��� posterior dilation (Fig. 25), the proximal part 20 ��m long (range: 19���22; n = 19), CF = 5.4 (range: 4.8���6.0; n = 19). Maxillary palpus with thin, pointed sensilla (Fig. 26). Labial palpus with three setae and large ovoid sensillum (Fig. 27). Foretarsus length 66 ��m (range: 63���68; n = 19), claw 21 ��m (range: 18���23; n = 16), without inner tooth, TR = 3.2 (range 2.7���3.6; n = 16); empodium length 6 ��m (range: 5���7, n = 16), EU = 0.28 (range 0.24���0.38, n = 16); S-shaped seta as long as claw, 21 ��m (range: 20���23; n = 16). Sensillum t1 claviform, BS = 0.48 (range 0.41���0.51, n = 19); t2 thin, t3 large, leaf-like, subequal in length to t1. Sensillum a short, not reaching base of d; sensillum b broad and very long, surpassing the base of claw; c reaching the base of d; sensilla e, f and g reaching the empodium, f nearer to e than to g. Sensillum a��� broad, sword shaped, reaching the base of b���; c' rather long and thin, its apex reaching the base of claw. Ventral seta �� 1 slightly shorter than interior seta �� 4; �� 4 situated nearer to c��� than to b��� (Figs. 28���29). Foretarsal pore present near the base of sensillum c (Fig. 28). Middle tarsus length 26 ��m (range: 22���28; n = 16); claw length 15 ��m (range: 13���16; n = 15). Hind tarsus length 30 ��m (range: 27���33; n = 15); claw length 16 ��m (range: 13���18; n = 15). Thoracic tergite I (Fig. 30) with two pairs of setae (ratio setae 1: 2 = 1.54:1; range 1.33���1.75; n = 19) (Table 3). Thoracic tergites II and III (Fig. 30) each with two pairs of anterior setae (A2, A4); seta P1a very short; seta P2a short, present on mesonotum, nearer to P3 than to P2, absent on metanotum. Seta P5 very short. Length ratio of setae P1: P2 on mesonotum as 1:1.5 (range 1.3���1.6, n = 19). Tergite I with three pairs of anterior setae (A1, A2, A5); seta A5 very short; seta P3 short; setae P1a, P3a, P4a and P5 absent. Tergites II���V each with three pairs of anterior setae (A1, A2, A5); setae P1a and P3a absent (Table 3). Seta A4 present on tergite VI. Seta P 3 in urotergites II���VI anterior to line P2���P4. Tergite VII (Fig. 31) with 3 pairs of anterior setae (A2, A4, A5); P3a present. Tergite VIII (Fig. 32) with 3 pairs of anterior setae (A2, A4, A5); P1a absent. Setae P2a on tergites V���VII very short, close to P2. Tergites IX and X with 12 setae; tergites XI and XII with 4 and 9 setae, respectively (Fig. 32). Prosternum (Fig. 33) formula 2 + 4 / 6 (A1 + M1, 2 / P1, P2, P3), mesosternum and metasternum (Fig. 34) formulas 5 + 2 / 4 and 7 + 2 /4, respectively. Sternites I���VII with 3 anterior setae (Fig. 35); sternites VIII���XI with 4 setae; sternite XII typically with 6 setae (Fig. 36). Thoracic tergites II and III with sl pores (Table 4). Tergites I���VIII with psm pores; al pores on tergites II���VII; psl pores on tergites VI���VII (Fig. 31). Tergite XII with ac pore (Fig. 32). Thoracic sternites and abdominal sternites I���IV without pores. Sternites V���VII each with asymmetrical spsm pore near the base of seta P1; sal pores on sternites V and VI (Fig. 35); sternite XII with sal pores (Fig. 36). Connecting lines on anterolateral corners of sternites IV���VI absent. Abdominal appendages II and III with long subapical seta and very short apical median seta. Striate band on Abd. VIII complete, with distinct striae (Figs. 32, 36); comb with 9���12 small and nearly regular teeth (Fig. 37). Irregular row of minute granules just posterior to striate band. Penis with 5 + 5 setae (Fig. 38). Female squama genitalis distinctly tripartite with pointed acrostylus (Fig. 39). Chaetotaxic variation infrequent; symmetrical and asymmetrical absence of seta P2a on thoracic tergite II (one adult in both cases); asymmetrical absence of seta A4 on tergite VI (one adult); asymmetrical absence of seta A1 on tergite V (one adult); symmetrical and asymmetrical absence of seta 1 on tergite IX (one adult in both cases); asymmetrical presence of a long seta between P2 and P3 on sternite VI (one adult); presence of only 3 setae on sternite IX. On holotype seta P2a on metanotum nearer to seta P3 than to P2. Imago and Pre-imago Maturus Junior Larva II Formula Complementary Setae Formula Complementary Setae Dorsal *Seta P2a present only in the holotype. Pre-imago. Length of body 889, 895 ��m (n = 2), head 97, 100 ��m, foretarsus length 62, 64 ��m, TR = 3.4, 3.5, BS = 0.48, 0.52. Chaetotaxy and porotaxy identical to those of adults (Tables 3, 4). Maturus junior. Length of body 752 �� 17 ��m (range: 742���771; n = 3), head 90 �� 6 ��m (range: 84���96; n = 3), foretarsus length 55 �� 4 ��m (range: 52���60; n = 3), TR = 3.3, BS = 0.51���0.57. Chaetotaxy (Table 3) differing from that of adults in absence of seta A4 on tergite VI, absence of setae 1a and 2a on tergite X, absence of setae on sternite XI. Larva II. Length of body 666 �� 21 ��m (range: 643���683; n = 3), head 80 �� 6 ��m (range: 73���83; n = 3), foretarsus length 48 �� 1.5 ��m (range: 47���50; n = 3), TR = 2.8���3.6. Chaetotaxy is shown in Table I. Distribution. Previously known only from the type locality in Austria. The new material was collected in two different localities from Liguria, northwestern Italy, and represents the first record of the species and genus in the Italian fauna. Diagnosis and discussion. Podolinella ruseki n. comb. has a number of characters in common with other genera of Acerentomidae in subfamily Berberentulinae, especially Gracilentulus Tuxen, 1963, Podolinella Szeptycki, 1995, Tuxenidia Nosek & Cvijović, 1969 and Vindobonella Szeptycki & Christian, 2001. These characters include the mesonotum and metanotum with 4 anterior setae (A2 and A4), sternites I���VII with three anterior setae, seta P 3 in urotergites II���VI anterior to line P2���P4, abdominal legs II and III with two setae, striate band on abdominal segment VIII complete, labial palp without tuft, seta P2a on mesonotum and metanotum (if present) nearer to P3 than to P2, maxillary gland with large, nearly semiglobular calyx and foretarsus with sensillum b���. It differs from all the genera above in the shape of the labial palp sensillum (ovoid) and in the position of sensillum d on foretarsus (rather distal, nearer to e than to c), but seems to have more affinities with Podolinella and Gracilentulus. It shares with Gracilentulus the presence of a post-pseudocular seta (sd4), but Gracilentulus has A2 setae on thoracic sternite I and typically a short knob-like foretarsal sensillum t3 (G. sarmaticus Shrubovych & Szeptycki, 2008 has a large t3 subequal in length to t1). It also shares with G. sarmaticus a long sensillum b. We place A. ruseki in genus Podolinella, with which it shares the presence of only two setae on abdominal appendages, the shape and relative length of maxillary gland, the shape and length of foretarsal sensillum b, the sensilliform and leaf-like shape of foretarsal sensilla t2 and t3 respectively, the absence of seta A2 on thoracic sternite I and the developed striate band with distinct parallel-sided striae. Podolinella podolica shares with P. ruseki the absence of seta d6 on the head, but lacks sd4 seta, has shorter main setae on the nota and differs from P. ruseki for chaetotaxy of tergites VII���VIII and sternites II���III., Published as part of Galli, Loris, Capurro, Matteo, Costa, Fabio, Sar��, Gabriele Di Stadio Antonio & Zinni, Matteo, 2016, Redescription of two European species of Acerentomidae (Protura) belonging to the Italian fauna, pp. 303-315 in Zootaxa 4154 (3) on pages 310-312, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4154.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/272168, {"references":["Nosek, J. (1967) The new species of Protura from Central Europe. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichischer Entomologen, 19, 76 - 88.","Szeptycki, A. (1995) Podolinella podolica gen. nov. et sp. nov. from the Western Ukraine. Genus, 6, 151 - 161.","Nosek, J. & Cvijovic, M. (1969) Tuxenidia balcanica a new genus and species of Protura. Revue d'Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol, 6, 563 - 566.","Szeptycki, A. & Christian, E. (2001) Vindobonella leopoldina gen. n., sp. n. from Austria (Protura: Acerentomidae s. l.). European Journal of Entomology, 98, 249 - 255. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.14411 / eje. 2001.041","Shrubovych, J. & Szeptycki, A. (2008) Gracilentulus sarmaticus sp. nov. from Southeast Ukraine (Protura: Acerentomidae, Berberentulinae). Zootaxa, 1898, 34 - 40."]}

Galli, Loris, Capurro, Matteo, Costa, Fabio, Sarà, Gabriele Di Stadio Antonio, Zinni, Matteo (2016): Redescription of two European species of Acerentomidae (Protura) belonging to the Italian fauna. Zootaxa 4154 (3): 303-315, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4154.3.5

Acerentulus apuliacus Rusek & Stumpp, 1988 Figs. 1���22, Tables 1, 2 Acerentulus apuliacus Rusek & Stumpp, 1988:153 Material examined. Type specimens not available. Examined material: 4 males, 19 females, 4 pre-imagos, 13 maturus juniors and 2 larvae II from litter (feuilles mortes) collected west of Rionero in Vulture (Potenza Province, Basilicata, Southern Italy), 600 m elev., 25 August 1983, coll. S. Vit; 1 male and 1 female collected from litter at the base of a maple (Liti��re /pied pourri d���Acer) in Vieste (Foggia province, Apulia, Southern Italy). These specimens deposited in the collection of Geneva Natural History Museum. Redescription. Body length 1149 �� 125 ��m (range: 904���1366; n = 23). Head 135 �� 13 ��m long (range 119���182; n = 24); setae sd4 and sd5 present, seta d6 (Rusek et al. 2012) absent (Fig. 1). Rostral setae r1 and r2 nearly 10 ��m long, labral seta lb 1.5 times longer than rostral setae (Fig. 2). Single frontal pore anterior to level of pseudoculi (Fig. 3). Rostrum very short. Pseudoculus slightly elliptic, 9 ��m long (range: 8���11; n = 24), longitudinally divided (Fig. 4); PR = 14.6 (range 12.2���18.2, n = 23). Proximal part of maxillary gland long and terminally dilated (Fig. 5), length 26 ��m (range: 22���32; n = 23), CF = 5.2 (range: 4.3���6.3; n = 22). Maxillary palpus with slender setaceous sensilla (Fig. 6). Labial palpus with distinctly thickened sensillum (Fig. 7). Foretarsus length 88 �� 3 ��m (range: 78���92; n = 22), claw 24 ��m (range: 22���26; n = 18), without inner tooth, TR = 3.6 (range 3.4���4.0; n = 18); empodium length 5 ��m (range: 4���6, n = 10), EU = 0.19 (range 0.16���0.24, n = 10); S-shaped seta longer than claw, 28 ��m (range: 25���32; n = 10). Sensillum t1 claviform, BS = 0.35 (range 0.27���0.42, n = 22); t2 thin, t3 proximally dilated. Sensillum a long, distinctly broadened basally, passing base of seta ��3; sensilla b���g slender, long; b, c and d of equal length; sensilla b and c reaching the base of e, sensillum d reaching the base of f, sensilla e and f almost of equal length, not reaching the empodium, sensillum g passing the base of claw, f nearer to e than to g (Fig. 8). Sensillum a��� broad, barely reaching the base of b���, b��� and c��� almost of equal length and thin, the apex of c��� reaching the empodium (Fig. 9). Ventral seta ��1 very short, barely reaching the base of ��2; ��4 situated more proximally than sensillum c���. Foretarsal pores present near the bases of sensilla c and g (Fig. 8). Middle tarsus length 37 ��m (range: 34���39; n = 20); claw length 17 ��m (range: 14���19; n = 20). Hind tarsus length 41 ��m (range: 39���44; n = 20); claw length 17 ��m (range: 14���20; n = 18). Thoracic tergite I (Fig. 10) with two pairs of setae (ratio of setae 1: 2 = 2.77:1; range 2.18���4.00; n = 16) (Table 1). Thoracic tergites II and III (Fig. 10) each with two pairs of anterior setae (A2, A4); setae P1a and P2a very short; seta P2a nearer to P3 than to P2. Seta P5 very short. Length ratio of setae P1: P2 on mesonotum as 1:1.31 (range 1.15���1.43, n = 18). Tergites I���V each with three pairs of anterior setae (A1, A2, A5); tergites II���V lacking setae P1a and P3a. Seta A4 present on tergites VI���VII. Seta P3 on urotergites II���VI anterior to line P2���P4 (Fig. 11). Tergite VIII (Fig. 12) with 3 pairs of anterior setae (A2, A4, A5); P1a absent. Tergites IX and X with 12 setae; tergites XI and XII with 6 and 9 setae, respectively (Fig. 10, Table 1). Prosternum (Fig. 14) formula 4 + 4 / 6, mesosternum and metasternum (Fig. 15) formulae typically 5 + 2 / 4 and 7 + 2 /4, respectively. Sternites I���VII with 3 anterior setae (Figs. 16���17); sternites VIII���X with 4 setae; sternites XI and XII with 6 setae (Fig. 18). Thoracic tergites II and III (Table 2) with sl pores; al pores on mesonotum. Tergites I���VIII with psm pores, on tergite VIII opening between two small pointed teeth; al pores on tergites II���VII; psl pores on tergites VI���VII (Fig. 11). Tergite XII with ac pore (see Galli & Capurro, 2013, Fig. 12). Thoracic sternites and abdominal sternites I���II without pores. Sternite III with an asymmetrical spsm pore near the base of a seta P1a (10 adults); in four adults such pore is nearly medial, in three adults two symmetrical spsm pores present. Sternites IV���VI with symmetrical spsm pore near the base of seta P1 (Fig. 16); spm pore far from posterior margin on sternite VII (Fig. 17); sternite XII with sal pores (see Shrubovych, 2014��� Fig. 18). Imago and Pre-imago Maturus Junior Larva II Formula Complementary Setae Formula Complementary Setae Dorsal Connecting lines on anterolateral corners of sternites IV���VI absent. Pleural pectines weakly developed (Fig. 19). Abdominal appendages II and III with long subapical seta and two setae, one lateral-apical and the other median-apical; comb VIII with 8���9 long teeth (Fig. 13). Penis with 6 + 6 setae (Fig. 20). Female squama genitalis with three spines on each acrostylus (Figs. 21���22). Chaetotaxic variation infrequent; asymmetrical shift of seta P1 towards P2 on abdominal tergite I (one adult); symmetrical absence of seta A4 on tergite VI (one maturus junior); symmetrical absence of seta A1 on tergite VII (one maturus junior); presence of seta Ac rather than setae A1 (formula 7/16) on tergite VII (one adult); symmetrical absence of seta A4 on tergite VI (one maturus junior); absence of seta Pc (formula 3/4) on sternite III (two adults ��� this arrangement may be the chaetotaxy of the holotype ��� see Rusek & Stumpp 1988); presence of seta Ac rather than setae A1 (formula 3/2) on sternite VIII (one adult); sternite XI with only two setae (one maturus junior). Pre-imago. Length of body 967 ��m (range 797���1130; n = 4), head 113 ��m (range 105���121; n = 4), foretarsus length 75 ��m (range 70���79; n = 4), TR = 3.0���4.1, BS = 0.34���0.43. Chaetotaxy (Table III) identical to that of adults. Maturus junior. Length of body 973 �� 123 ��m (range: 787���1121; n = 12), head 114 �� 11 ��m (range: 98���138; n = 11), foretarsus length 73 �� 6 ��m (range: 63���88; n = 12), TR = 3.5���4.2, BS = 0.23���0.55. Chaetotaxy (Table III) differing from that of adults in presence of seta Pc instead of setae P1 on tergite VIII. Larva II. Two specimens: length of body 800 ��m, head 91 and 98 ��m, foretarsus length 58 ��m, TR = 3.4. Chaetotaxy is shown in Table III. Distribution. Southern Italy: previously known only from the type locality in Apulia (a beech forest on N slope in Bosco Sfilzi, 10 km south of Vico del Gargano, Foggia province). The new material (see above) was collected in another locality of Foggia province (Apulia) and in Basilicata. Diagnosis and discussion. Due to the long foretarsal sensillum a and to sensilla b and c having the same length, A. apuliacus belongs to the confinis group of Acerentulus. A key to the species of this group can be found in Shrubovych et al. (2012). Rusek & Stumpp (1988) considered A. apuliacus to be related to A. exiguus Cond��, 1944, differing from it in the presence of seta A1 on tergite VII, thickened foretarsal sensillum a (slender in A. exiguus), equal lengths of sensilla b and c (the former being shorter in A. exiguus) and the number of spines on the acrostyli (three in A. apuliacus and two in A. exiguus). A more recently described species from France, Acerentulus charrieri Shrubovych, Schneider & D���Haese, 2012, is close to A. apuliacus. Both species have 8 anterior and 16 posterior setae on Tergite VIII (including seta P1a and lacking P3a) and they share a similar general morphology of foretarsus (position and relative sizes of sensilla). Acerentulus charrieri differs from A. apuliacus in having a significantly longer foretarsus (125���130 ��m), slender foretarsal sensilla a and a���, sensillum b longer than c and distal position of seta ��4., Published as part of Galli, Loris, Capurro, Matteo, Costa, Fabio, Sar��, Gabriele Di Stadio Antonio & Zinni, Matteo, 2016, Redescription of two European species of Acerentomidae (Protura) belonging to the Italian fauna, pp. 303-315 in Zootaxa 4154 (3) on pages 304-309, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4154.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/272168, {"references":["Rusek, J. & Stumpp, J. (1988) A new Acerentulus species from Southeast Italy (Protura: Acerentomidae). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 85, 153 - 158.","Rusek, J., Shrubovych, J. & Szeptycki, A. (2012) Head porotaxy and chaetotaxy of order Acerentomata (Protura). Zootaxa, 3262, 54 - 61.","Galli, L. & Capurro, M. (2013) Acerentulus shrubovychae sp. nov. from Italy (Protura: Acerentomidae). Zootaxa, 3609 (4), 431 - 436. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3609.4.5"]}

Acerentulus shrubovychae sp. nov. Figures 1 ���20, Tables 1, 2 Type material. Holotype male from a mixed forest of Testa d���Alpe, Valle della Serra (1165 m elev.), 43 �� 55 ���N 7 �� 34 ���E, Rocchetta Nervina, Ligurian Alps, northwestern Italy, August 2009, coll. Matteo Capurro; 4 male, 17 female, 5 pre-imago, 3 maturus junior paratypes from the same locality as the holotype, August and October 2009. Type specimens are deposited in the Genoa Natural History Civic Museum (MSNG). Diagnosis. Foretarsal sensillum a reaching the base of d, b and c subequal in length, e short slightly surpassing the base of g, f slightly nearer to e than to g, apices of both f and g surpassing base of tarsus, f longer than g, c' long and thin, its apex surpassing base of tarsus. Tergites II���V with 8 anterior setae (A 1, A 2, A 4 and A 5) and missing setae P 1 a, P 3 and P 3 a; A 1 and P 1 a absent on tergite VII. Connecting line on sternites IV���VI only barely visible in few specimens or generally absent. Pores absent on meso- and metasternum and sternite I; asymmetrically situated pore on sternites II and III; groups of pores on sternite VI. Female squama genitalis with long pointed acrostylus. Description. Body length of males 1211 �� 77 ��m (range: 1120���1310; n = 5), female length 1326 �� 39 ��m (range: 1260���1390; n = 8). Head of male 119 ��m long in dorsal view (113���125; n = 2), that of female 124 ��m long in dorsal view (range: 121���129; n = 3); setae sd 4 and sd 5 present, seta d 6 (Rusek et al. 2012) absent (Figs. 1.A��� 1.B). Single median pore anterior to the level of the pseudoculi (Fig. 1.A��� 1.B). Rostrum protruded. Pseudoculus almost circular, diameter 9.0 ��m (range: 8.5���10; n = 12), longitudinally divided (Fig. 2); PR = 12.1 (range 10.6���13.4, n = 5). Canal of maxillary gland simple (Fig. 3), the proximal part 25 ��m long in males (range: 22.0��� 27.5; n = 5) and 27.5 ��m long in females (range: 25���31; n = 8), with distinct tripartite posterior dilation, CF = 4.5. Maxillary palpus with two sensilla, both seta-like (Fig. 4). Labial palpus with apical tuft of setae and slender sensillum (Fig. 5). Foretarsus length 91.4 ��m (range: 87���99; n = 13), claw 24.5 ��m (range: 22���28; n = 11), without inner tooth or outer flap, TR = 3.7 (range 3.3 ���4.0; n = 1); empodium length 6.9 ��m (range: 6���9, n = 9), EU = 0.28 (range 0.22���0.35, n = 9); S-shaped seta as long as claw, 24.3 ��m (range: 22���27; n = 9). Sensillum t 1 claviform, BS = 0.35 (range 0.34���0.37, n = 13); t 2 thin, t 3 shaped like a willow leaf. Sensillum a reaching base of d; sensillum b long, subequal to c in length, base at same level as that of c; apices of b and c reaching base of �� 3, b and c close to each other; tip of sensillum d between bases of e and f; e slightly surpassing the base of g; base of sensillum f slightly closer to e than to g, apices of f and g reaching base of claw; f longer than g. Sensillum a' broad and distal to t 1, short, not reaching base of t 2; b' thin, just reaching base of c'; c' thin, its apex reaching base of claw. Ventral seta �� 1 and interior seta �� 4 subequal; �� 4 situated proximally to c��� (Figs. 6���7). Foretarsal pores present near sensillum c and between g and t 3 (Fig. 6). Middle tarsus length 35.3 ��m (range: 35���36; n = 3) in males and 36.5 ��m (range: 35���38; n = 6) in females; claw length 17.6 ��m (range: 16���19; n = 9). Hind tarsus length 39.7 ��m (range: 39���40; n = 3) in males and 41.8 ��m (range: 39���44; n = 6) in females; claw length 19.2 ��m (range: 17���21; n = 9). Single glands originating in femora visible in middle and hind legs. Chaetotaxy given in Table 1. Thoracic tergite I with two pairs of setae. Thoracic tergites II���III (Fig. 8) each with two pairs of dorsal anterior setae (A 2, A 4); setae P 2 a nearer to P 3 than to P 2. Seta P 5 very short. Length ratio of setae P 1: P 2 on mesonotum as 1: 1.3 (range 1.2���1.5, n = 12). Tergite I with three pairs of anterior setae (A 1, A 2, A 5); seta A 5 very short; setae P 1 a, P 3 a, P 4 a and P 5 absent. Tergites II���VI each with four pairs of anterior setae (A 1, A 2, A 4, A 5), with seta A 4 posterior to the others; setae P 1 a and P 3 a absent, seta P 4 a nearer to P 5 than to P 4. Setae P 3 absent on tergites II���V. Setae P 3 on tergite VI anterior to the posterior row. Tergite VII (Fig. 10) with 3 pairs of anterior setae (A 2, A 4, A 5); P 3 a present. Tergite VIII with 3 pairs of anterior setae (A 1, A 4, A 5); P 1 a present, P 4 and P 4 a absent. Setae P 2 a on tergites VI���VIII very short, close to P 2. Tergites IX and X with 12 setae; tergites XI and XII with 6 and 9 setae, respectively (Fig. 12). Mesosternum formula typically 5 + 2 / 4 (Ac, A 2, A 3 + M / P 2, P 3) (Fig. 9). Sternites I���VII with 3 anterior setae (Fig. 11); sternite VIII with 4 anterior setae and 2 posterior setae; sternites IX���X with 4 setae; sternites XI���XII with 6 setae (Fig. 13). Setae A 2 on sternites II���III very short. Chaetotaxic variability: presence of a third asymmetrical seta on thoracic tergite I (one adult); asymmetrical absence of seta P 1 on tergite I (one adult); asymmetrical presence of a doubled seta A 2 on tergite II (one adult); one P 1 seta on tergite V shifted forward and laterally with respect to P 1 a (one adult); asymmetrical absence of seta A 2 on tergite VII (one pre-imago); asymmetrical absence of seta P 3 a on tergite VII (one maturus junior); presence of a P0 seta on tergite VIII instead of setae M 1 (formula: 6 / 15) (two adults); absence of seta Mc on tergite VIII (formula: 6 / 14) (one maturus junior); asymmetrical presence of a supernumerary posterior seta medial to P 1 on tergite VIII (one adult); presence of a supernumerary asymmetrical seta between A 2 and P 1 a on sternite I (one adult); asymmetrical presence of a supernumerary anterior seta externally to A 2 (one adult); asymmetrical absence of seta A 2 on sternite IV (one pre-imago); asymmetrical absence of seta P 1 on sternite IV (two adults); asymmetrical absence of seta P 3 on sternite IV (one adult); asymmetrical absence of seta P 1 a on sternites V and VI (one adult each); one P 1 seta shifted externally to P 1 a and a bit away from the hind margin on sternite V (one adult); presence of a supernumerary asymmetrical seta between Ac and A 2 on sternite VI (one adult); asymmetrical presence of seta A 3 on sternite VI (one adult); presence of an A0 seta on sternite VIII rather than an A 1 pair (formula: 3 / 2) (one adult). Porotaxy given in Table 2. Thoracic sternites without pores. Sternites II and III with an asymmetrical psm pore between Pc and P 1 a. Sternite VI with two groups of psm pores (1���3) symmetrically placed anterior to P 1. Sternite VII with a posterocentral pore (pc) near its hind margin, between P 1 setae. Connecting lines on anterolateral corners of sternites IV���VI weakly visible in few specimens or absent. Abdominal appendages II and III each with three setae (Fig. 14). Granular latero-dorsal area on tergite VI with a ���milk bottle��� shape (Fig. 11). Striate band on Abd. VIII well developed, with distinct striae (Figs. 12���13); comb with about 10���12 slender teeth (Fig. 15). Irregular row of minute granules just posterior to the striate band. Male squama genitalis with 6 + 6 setae (Fig. 16). Female squama genitalis with long, pointed acrostylus (Fig. 17). FIGURES 10���20. Acerentulus shrubovychae sp. nov. 10) Tergites VI���VII. 11) Sternites VI���VII. 12) Tergites VIII���XII. 13) Sternites VIII���XII. 14) Abdominal appendage II. 15) Comb on abdominal tergite VIII. 16) Male squama genitalis. 17) female squama genitalis. 18) Preimago squama genitalis. 19) Foretarsus of maturus junior, exterior view. 20) Foretarsus of maturus junior, interior view. Arrows indicate pores. Figs. 10 ���14, 16: holotype; Figs. 15, 17��� 20: paratypes. Imago Pre-imago Maturus Junior Pre-imago. Length of body 1027 ��m (range: 960���1065; n = 5), foretarsus length 77 ��m (range: 74���79; n = 4), TR = 3.8 ���4.0, BS = 0.32���0.38. Squama genitalis short, with 6 + 6 setae, as shown in Fig. 18. Chaetotaxy (Table I) and porotaxy (Table II) identical to those of adults. Maturus junior. Length of body 1023 �� 67 ��m (range: 980���1100; n = 3), foretarsus (Figs. 19���20) length 70 �� 4.6 ��m (range: 66���75; n = 3), TR = 3.1���3.4. Chaetotaxy (Table I) differing from that of adults in absence of seta P 3 on tergite VI, presence of a single Mc seta on tergite VIII, absence of setae P 1 a and P 2 a on tergite X, absence of setae 1 and 3 on sternite XI. Porotaxy (Table II) same as in adults. Ethymology. This species is dedicated to Dr. Julia Shrubovych. Remarks. Acerentulus shrubovychae sp. nov. is similar to A. gisini Cond��, 1952 in the chaetotaxy, but in A. gisini foretarsal sensillum a is longer (reaching seta �� 3) and the female squama genitalis is tripartite. The maxillary gland of the new species and the chaetotaxy are similar to those of A. alpinus Gisin, 1945, but foretarsal sensilla a and a��� are longer in A. alpinus. The porotaxy of A. shrubovychae sp. nov. differs from that of other Acerentulus spp. for which the porotaxy has been described. *we suggest the denomination ���anterocentral��� ac and ���anterolateral��� al for these pores, respectively., Published as part of Galli, Loris & Capurro, Matteo, 2013, Acerentulus shrubovychae sp. nov. from Italy (Protura: Acerentomidae), pp. 431-436 in Zootaxa 3609 (4) on pages 431-436, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3609.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/221492