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OBJECTIVES. A pencil in the urinary bladder is an unusual problem for urologists. We present a case in a 44-year-old female with an eyeliner pencil self-introduced into the urethra. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The patient was referred to us with a recent history of "ingestion of foreign body". The clinical presentation, radiologic data, and treatment were reported. results. The patient had a pencil placed sideways in the urinary bladder, with focal perforation of the left wall. A cystoscopy was performed and the pencil was removed at the same time by using grasping forceps and hydraulic overdistention of the urinary bladder . CONCLUSIONS. Bladder is the most common location of foreign bodies of the urogenital tract, almost always due to self-insertion into the urethra for the purpose of masturbation or as a result of non-inhibited or altered behavior due to psychiatric diseases, or to the influence of drugs. Most patients were too ashamed to admit they had inserted or applied any object and usually presented when a complication had occurred such as difficulty in voiding, hematuria, pain or swelling, extravasations or abscess formation. The treatment can be endoscopic, and it depends on the type of the foreign object and the operator's skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the work is to describe an original technique of posterior musculofascial reconstruction (PMFR) during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP)., Methods: From January 2015 to June 2016, 121 consecutives patients underwent RARP and were submitted to a novel technique of PMFR, using a single 3/0 barbed bidirectional (Filblock®, Assut Europe) suture. The first step of this new technique of PMFR, is to approximate the posterior layer of Denonvilliers fascia (DF) to the posterior part of the sphincteric apparatus. Then, the second step consists in the anastomosis of the posterior blabber neck edge with the posterior urethra edge. We realize the completion of anastomosis clockwise from 7 to 12 o'clock and anticlockwise from 5 to 12 o'clock., Results: No leakage of anastomosis was observed and the catheter was removed in the 5th day after surgery. After catheter removal, the urinary recovery of early continence at 3 days was 45% and at 7 days was 75%, while the urinary continence recovery at 1 month was 88% and at 3 months was 94%., Conclusions: In our experience this novel approach results feasible in all patient, without extending the operation time and gives a good safety in terms of reduction of bleeding and leakage with shorter urinary continence recovery's time. The aim of the combination of the PMFR and the vesicourethral anastomosis with one bidirectional barbed suture is to have all the advantages of both techniques plus the stability of a single running suture.

Background: To report the perioperative and early functional outcomes of patients undergoing Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with totally intracorporeal urinary diversion performed by a single surgeon after a modified modular training., Methods: The surgeon (A.P.) attained a 30-days modified modular training at a referring Center mentored by a worldwide-recognized robotic surgeon (P.W.). The training program consisted of: 1) e-learning based on 10 hours of theoretical lessons made by the mentor; 2) video-session concerning the different steps of the procedure, 3) step-by-step in vivo modular training. Demographics, intraoperative data and post-operative complications were recorded for each patient., Results: Twenty-four consecutive patients were prospectively evaluated. Median age was 68.5 years (IQR 59-75). Thirteen (54.2%) and 11 (45.8%) patients received RARC with orthotopic neobladder (ONB) and ileal conduit (IC), respectively. Overall mean (±SD) operative time was 392 (± 34.8) minutes. The median number of lymph node retrieved was 30 (IQR 24-42), the mean intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL) was 403 mL (±60) with average hospitalization of 7.8 days (±2.2). All procedures were completed successfully without open conversion. A statistically significant difference in terms of overall operative time (OT) and urinary diversion operative time (UDOT) was found in favor of IC group compared to ONB group (P=0.002). Overall complication rate was 33%, 7 out of 9 (88%) were graded as minor (Clavien 1-2). Two (22%) major complications (Clavien 3-5) occurred solely on ONB group., Conclusions: Robot-assisted radical cystectomy with totally intracorporeal urinary diversion is a challenging procedure with a steep learning curve. An adequate modular training with an experienced mentor and a skilled robotic team could be essential to reach these optimal results. Further studies investigating the impact of modular learning curve and a dedicated menthorship on operative and functional outcomes after RARC are needed.

A retroperitoneal metastasis from malignant melanoma is an uncommon event and mostly secondary to a primary lesion of the posterior trunk. We report on a 38-year-old patient with malignant melanoma of the anterior trunk who presented a symptomatic metastatic mass of the left renal hilum not originating from the retroperitoneal lymph nodes of the renal hilum, surrounding and infiltrating the renal pelvis, treated with left nephrectomy, complete mass excision and regional lymph node dissection. The patient later developed also brain metastases and is now undergoing immunotherapy.

Non muscle invasive bladder cancer, given its high tendency to recur, coupled with an ever-present possibility to progress to potentially life-threatening muscle-invasive disease, remains a challenging clinical problem. Optimal management begins with early detection and accurate risk assessment through careful attention to clinical and histology features. Prevention of recurrence requires the sequential application of tools to completely remove all visible disease, avert reimplantation during surgical resection, ablate microscopic foci and prevent the emergence of new primary tumors amidst a field of carcinogen-exposed urothelium. Previously standard adjunctive intravesical chemo-immunotherapies are obtaining new vitality as optimization strategies, while new drugs and rational drug combinations provide the potential for improved efficacy with reduced toxicity. Novel therapeutic modalities under investigation include activation of the host immune system and enhancement of the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents. New technological advances such as microwave chemothermotherapy offer further hope for better outcomes even for disease previously refractory to conservative measures. While much of this research is in the preclinical phase, the encouraging results of many of the studies discussed here suggest that testing in human trials should follow in the coming years. Yet despite these advances, aggressive surgical management involving bladder removal continues to be an indispensable life-saving maneuver that must be considered in all high-risk cases that fail to promptly respond to other measures. Although great strides continue to be made each year in the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer considerably more work needs to be done in order to improve the lives of our patients with this disease.