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The article focuses on digital discourses related to Helsinki, Espoo and Vantaa, the three biggest municipalities in Finland’s capital region. The data consist of texts from the discussion forum of Suomi24 that was analysed to find out how forum users produce socio-spatial distinctions by categorizing some groups as ‘others’ thus differentiating in-groups and out-groups. The analysis used methods of comprised corpus assisted discourse studies (CADS), including collocation analysis. The results show that discourses related both to native and non-native Helsinkians and to those living in the capital region in contrast to those living elsewhere in Finland are common and the juxtapositions between various groups are repeatedly constructed. peerReviewed

Health care workers (HCW) at otorhinolaryngological departments have an increased risk of contracting COVID-19, due to aerosol-inducing diagnostic and surgical procedures in the airways. The ongoing exposure to physical and psychological stressors could impact the mental health of HCW.To investigate the impact on mental health in an otorhinolaryngological department during the COVID-19 pandemic.Cross-sectional questionnaire study, assessing symptoms of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-10). Physicians, nurses, and secretaries were included at a tertiary department of otorhinolaryngology in the Capital Region of Denmark during the COVID-19 lockdown in spring 2020.Positive screenings for stress reactions were found in 22% for depressive symptoms and 15.5% anxiety. 27% feared becoming infected, 47% feared infecting their families in relation to work. 27% felt others were distancing from them, and 38% isolated themselves from others because of their work. Women had an odds ratio of 9.18 (CI 1.49-179) for depressive stress reactions.HCW were primarily concerned with transmitting COVID-19 to their relatives. Secondarily, there was a concern about becoming infected despite feeling adequately protected by personal protective equipment. Women were at higher risk of more severe depressive symptoms when corrected for professions.

BackgroundCitizen responder programmes dispatch volunteer citizens to initiate resuscitation in nearby out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) before the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) arrival. Little is known about the interaction between citizen responders and EMS personnel during the resuscitation attempt. In the Capital Region of Denmark, emergency physicians are dispatched to all suspected OHCAs. The aim of this study was to evaluate how emergency physicians perceived the collaboration with citizen responders during resuscitation attempts.MethodThis cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire. It included all 65 emergency physicians at Copenhagen EMS between June 9 and December 13, 2019 (catchment area 1.8 million). The questionnaire examined how emergency physicians perceived the interaction with citizen responders at the scene of OHCA (use of citizen responders before and after EMS arrival, citizen responders’ skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and challenges in this setting).ResultsThe response rate was 87.7% (57/65). Nearly all emergency physicians (93.0%) had interacted with a citizen responder at least once. Of those 92.5%(n = 49) considered it relevant to activate citizen responders to OHCA resuscitation, and 67.9%(n = 36) reported the collaboration as helpful. When citizen responders arrived before EMS, 75.5%(n = 40) of the physicians continued to use citizen responders to assist with CPR or to carry equipment. Most (84.9%,n = 45) stated that citizen responders had the necessary skills to perform CPR. Challenges in the collaboration were described by 20.7%(n = 11) of the emergency physicians and included citizen responders being mistaken for relatives, time-consuming communication, or crowding problems during resuscitation.ConclusionEmergency physicians perceived the collaboration with citizen responders as valuable, not only for delivery of CPR, but were also considered an extra helpful resource providing non-CPR related tasks such as directing the EMS to the arrest location, carrying equipment and taking care of relatives.

To study antibiotic prescriptions among 0- to 4-year-old children before and after implementing a quality project on prudent prescribing of antibiotics in primary healthcare in the capital region of Iceland. An observational, descriptive, retrospective study using quantitative methodology. Primary healthcare in the Reykjavik area with a total population of approximately 220,000. A total of 6420 children 0–4 years of age presenting at the primary healthcare centres in the metropolitan area over three years from 2016 to 2018. Reduction of antibiotic prescriptions and change in antibiotic profile. Data on antibiotic prescriptions for children 0–4 years of age was obtained from the medical records. Out-of-hours prescriptions were not included in the database. The number of prescriptions during the study period ranged from 263.6 to 289.6 prescriptions/1000 inhabitants/year. A reduction of 9% in the total number of prescriptions between 2017–2018 was observed. More than half of all prescriptions were for otitis media, followed by pneumonia and skin infections. Amoxicillin accounted for over half of all prescriptions, increasing between 2016 and 2018 by 51.3%. During this period, the prescribing of co-amoxiclav and macrolides decreased by 52.3% and 40.7%, respectively. These changes were significant in all cases, p The results show an overall decrease in antibiotic prescribing concurrent with a change in the choice of antibiotics prescribed and in line with the recommendations presented in the prescribing guidelines implemented by the Primary Healthcare of the Capital Area, and consistent with the project’s goals.Key pointsA substantial proportion of antibiotic prescribing can be considered inappropriate and the antibiotic prescription rate is highest in Iceland of the Nordic countries.After implementing guidance on the treatment of common infections together with feedback on antibiotic prescribing, a decrease in the total number of prescriptions accompanied by a shift in the antibiotic profile was observed. A substantial proportion of antibiotic prescribing can be considered inappropriate and the antibiotic prescription rate is highest in Iceland of the Nordic countries. After implementing guidance on the treatment of common infections together with feedback on antibiotic prescribing, a decrease in the total number of prescriptions accompanied by a shift in the antibiotic profile was observed.

There is an urgent need to reduce emissions from the aviation sector. Although awareness of climate change is growing, few are willing to alter their flight behaviour. Through a qualitative analysis of interview materials collected from Reykjavik Capital Region residents, this study explores how globally affluent, highly mobile young urbanites justify their international travel by plane, despite their climate change awareness, and if they are willing to change their behaviour. Six themes of justifications to continue air travel were identified; shifting responsibility, compensatory behaviours, lack of knowledge or awareness, lack of other options, benefits outweighing impacts, and carbon offsetting. Their use differed depending on respondents’ level of climate change awareness and willingness to reduce air travel, but willingness to reduce travel did not differ between awareness level scores. None were willing to quit flying regardless of their level of awareness. Compared with previous literature, we found a greater emphasis placed on the benefits of air travel. We suggest policy uptake for both individual and collective realms, such as kerosene tax and mandatory carbon offsetting, as shifting responsibility can delay action regardless of the way in which it is shifted, and reductions in these realms can only happen in concert. Other sources of well-being should be emphasized and the social norm around frequent travel actively challenged. Knowledge on the specific climate impacts of flights should be better communicated to the public and put into perspective with the global fair share of emissions and steep mitigation curves to keep warming below 1.5°.

Background In order to reduce the incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) at general wards, medical emergency teams (MET) were implemented in the Capital Region of Denmark in 2012 as the efferent part of a track and trigger system. The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) system became the afferent part. This study aims at investigating the incidence of IHCA at general wards before and after the implementation of the NEWS system. Material and methods We included patients at least 18 years old with IHCA at general wards in our hospital in the periods of 2006 to 2011 (pre-EWS group) and 2013 to 2018 (post-EWS group). Data was obtained from a local database and the National In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry (DANARREST). We calculated incidence rate ratios (IRR) for IHCA at general wards with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Odds ratios (OR) for return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and 30-day survival were also calculated with 95% CI. Results A total of 444 IHCA occurred before the implementation of NEWS at general wards while 494 IHCA happened afterwards. The incidence rate of IHCA at general wards was 1.13 IHCA per 1000 admissions in the pre-EWS group (2006–2011) and 1.11 IHCA per 1000 admissions in the post-EWS group (2013–2018). The IRR between the two groups was 0.98 (95% CI [0.86;1.11], p = 0.71). The implementation did not affect the chance of ROSC with a crude OR of 1.14 (95% CI [0.88;1.47], p = 0.32) nor did it change the 30-day survival with a crude OR 1.30 (95% CI [0.96;1.75], p = 0.09). Conclusion Implementation of the EWS system at our hospital did not decrease the incidence rate of in-hospital cardiac arrest at general wards.

Education will be more meaningful if it is in accordance with children's talents and development. If talents can be recognized from an early age, it will be easier for children to reach the gates of success. This study aims to discuss educational dance programs that facilitate the identification of early childhood dance talents. This study used a qualitative method with data collection through observation, interviews, video documents, and reflection journals. The study was conducted on fifteen students aged 5-6 years in a kindergarten in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. Findings of the study show that educational dance activity programs can make it easier for teachers and parents to identify early childhood dance talents. The audio-visual activities in the process of exploring dance movements make it easier for teachers and parents to identify early childhood dance talents compared to other movement stimuli. New approach to identify children's dance talents that can be used as a guide by teachers and parents in identifying and developing children's dance talents from an early age.

In this article, we study the association between mental health problems in adolescence and early adulthood and later receipt of social assistance in the capital region of Finland. Using register d...

To keep and maintain the values of Betawi community cultural arts and environment, the Regional Government of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta felt the need to realize the Betawi Cultural Village, namely through the Governor’s Decree Special Capital Region of Jakarta No. 92 of 2000, concerning Environmental Arrangement of Betawi Cultural Village in Srengseng Sawah Village, Jagakarsa District, South Jakarta Municipality. Several types of tourism potential developed in the Betawi Cultural Village covering an area of approximately 165 hectares are cultural tourism, agro tourism and water tourism, given the presence of Setu Babakan and also Setu Mangga Bolong in the area. Agro tourism itself is a form of tourism activity that utilizes agriculture (agro) as a tourist attraction. The attraction and uniqueness of agro tourism in the Betawi Cultural Village, the plantation location is not in a special area, but is in the yard of the Betawi Cultural Village Setu Babakan and in the yards of residents' houses. To prioritize Betawi nuances in yards and various other green open spaces, it is necessary to arrange plants that are capable of depicting the faces of the yards, gardens and green open spaces of the Betawi people in the past. It is necessary to investigate the types of plants commonly used by the Betawi people in the past, as well as their composition and cropping patterns, as well as data collection on the latest conditions in the Betawi Cultural Village. The comparison between the two will be the basis of reference for establishing the concept of planting as an effort to preserve culture and plants so that their existence can still be enjoyed by the current community and in the future.

Introduction Non-vitamin K-antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) have become first choice oral anticoagulant (OAC) with decreasing use of vitamin K antagonists (VKA), partly due to lower risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Aim: to identify trends in sale of OACs and relate them to trends in OAC-related ICH (OAC-ICH). Patients and methods Study was based on the population in the Capital Region of Denmark (1.8 million inhabitants). We identified all patients admitted with a non-traumatic OAC-ICH in 2010–2017 and ascertained diagnosis and drug use through medical charts. We used information available in the public domain on sale of defined daily doses (DDD) of OAC in the Capital Region of Denmark. Results 453 patients with OAC-ICH out of a total of 2877 ICH-events were identified. From 2010 to 2017 sale of NOAC rose from 0.1 to 11.8 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day (p Discussion In Denmark, the population on OACs has increased; resulting from increased use of NOACs. Parallel to this development, the proportion of OAC-ICH overall has increased based on an increasing trend in NOAC-related ICH. Conclusion Our findings document a need for further research on prevention and treatment of this complication.

The initial public offerings (IPOs) of Uber and Lyft in 2019 marked a milestone for the decade-old ridesourcing. As we start to embrace ridesourcing in our daily life, we also rearrange our daily travel amongst different modes of transportation. As the fundamental decisions in travel behavior, car ownership and car travel should be re-examined in the advent of shared mobility. In this paper, we applied a vehicle choice model that factors in ridesourcing frequency to understand the decisions about (1) how many cars an individual would declare as the primary driver of, and (2) the annual vehicle miles traveled (VMT) for all cars he or she drive. We used a subsample of the latest 2017 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data that focus on the Capital region (Washington, D.C. – Maryland – Virginia) as our study area. We applied a weighted regression analysis following the NHTS survey design and derived population-representative results on both decisions. In addition, we calculated the driving cost for each household vehicle based on the latest fuel economy data and incorporated driving cost into the car travel model. The results suggest that ridesourcing is associated with a smaller chance of an individual being the primary driver of a car. However, the elasticity indicates that ridesourcing usage has a small impact on the number of primarily driven cars. Furthermore, ridesourcing has no significant impact on the annual VMT, either. Driving cost, on the other hand, still plays the key role in determining driving distances.

The article considers the problems of spatial organization of research in our country. The unevenness of the territorial distribution of objects of science is noted, which has intensified in recent years in the process of a fall in the average economic growth rate by 5 times compared with the key objectives of Strategy 2020. The prospects of developing a zone of scientific research, which forms the core of the country's socio-economic development, are revealed. Based on multivariate regression analysis, cities are identified that can become the leading scientific centers of this zone. In the western part of the country, their population should exceed 700 thousand inhabitants, in the eastern part - 500 thousand inhabitants. The positive changes that will result from the construction of new research and educational centers in the Kuzbass, Nizhny Novgorod, Tyumen and Belgorod regions, in the Perm Territory (in accordance with the national project "Science") are evaluated. The capital region is analyzed, which includes the country's largest group system of populated areas. The conditions of the placement of objects of science in the core of the group system and its peripheral zone are characterized. The unification of the units of the National Space Center, created in Fili, is under consideration. It is expected that it will provide increased efficiency in production, design and research. Relocation of a group of Moscow institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences in connection with the arbitrary withdrawal of their land plots is considered. This is due to the interests of market structures and the insufficient interest of the Ministry of Education and Science in creating conditions conducive to the productive work of scientists. A proposal is being put forward for developing a sectoral scheme for the territorial planning of research activities for the Capital Region.

With a new stage in the development of the Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy, which began after the year 2014, and the increased interest of a wide range of researchers in the history of architecture of the country's main exhibition complex, specifically in evolution of the architectural and planning composition of the pavilions, their architectural images are of particular importance. The article discusses the changes in the perception of the Russian Far East in the context of the Soviet culture of the 1920-s - early 1950-s, drawing on the versions of the Far Eastern pavilions at the major national exhibitions in Moscow of 1923, 1937, 1939, and 1954. On the basis of archival documents, publications in periodicals, projects, and photographs, the features of the architectural composition of the pavilions, the genesis of their forms, and architectural image are investigated. The special atmosphere of the national exhibitions held in Moscow was generated not only by the need to demonstrate economic achievements but also to represent easily readable cultural codes that formed the national image of the country. The transformation of the image of the Far East through the architecture of its pavilions was one of such cultural messages that influenced the formation of a regional architectural school as well. In this context, the example of a pavilion, representing a complex and the most remote from the capital region, seems especially interesting from the point of view of the changes that have occurred both in the region itself and in its perception by architects and artists working on the image of the Far Eastern pavilion for the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition, Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy, and previous exhibitions.

This study estimates factors of importance for the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions generated by travellers flying for different reasons based on representative Austrian micro data for the period 2014–2016. The annual average number of flights taken by adults vary between 0.1 (visiting friends) and 0.8 (going on holiday), and the amount of CO2e emissions generated by each return flight is approximately 1100 kg. This leads to a total of 6 million tonnes CO2e emissions per year. Results of the Pseudo Poisson Maximum Likelihood estimations reveal that the amount of CO2e emissions created is related to socio-demographic, locational and seasonal factors, although mainly for the largest group of travellers: the holiday makers. In this group, individuals with university degrees, young persons (16–24 years) and capital city residents generate the largest amounts of emissions, as opposed to persons with children and large households. Residents of the capital region each quarter cause 64 kg more CO2e emissions than inhabitants of rural areas, persons with university degrees create 74 kg larger emissions than those without degrees and young adults instigate 90 kg more emissions than middle-aged persons. CO2e emissions of holiday flights are highest in the first quarter of the year. The importance of education is also pronounced for CO2e emissions related to business travel, as is gender.

In life, there is also death, every day the number of people who are born in the world continues to increase followed by the death of a person. The death rate in DKI Jakarta in early 2020 was 3,072 reports and then there was a significant increase in February as many as 5,792 reports. Public Cemetery is an area of land provided for funeral purposes for any person regardless of religion and class. The City Parks and Forests Service of the Provincial Government of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta is a Regional Work Unit in charge of Forestry, Landscaping, and Cemeteries in the DKI Jakarta Regional Work Scope. The amount of time and energy needed in the funeral process for a corpse in DKI Jakarta Province starts from registering the body, selecting the location to the heir to obtain an IPTM from the PTSP. While the burial process must be carried out quickly, especially in certain conditions, such as during the pandemic, where the bodies must be buried immediately and the limited burial ground available. This recommendation system aims to simplify the process of registering bodies, selecting the cemetery, selecting plots, and managing tombs. By using the SAW method in the selection of cemeteries and grave plots, it will optimize burial plots by selecting the best alternative based on predetermined criteria so that it will reduce TPU cases of fullness or unavailability of grave plots.

BACKGROUND: To curb future antibiotic resistance it is important to monitor and investigate current prescription patterns of antibiotics.OBJECTIVES: To examine trends in antibiotic prescription to children aged 0-6 years old and the association with socioeconomic status of municipalities in the Capital region of Denmark between 2009 and 2018.METHODS: This is a register-based study combining data on antibiotic treatments from 2009 to 2018, inhabitant-data and socioeconomic municipality scores. Subjects were children aged 0-6 years, residing in the Capital Region of Denmark. The study quantifies the use of antibiotics as number of antibiotic treatments/1000 inhabitants/year (TIY), inhabitants defined as children aged 0-6. Socioeconomic status of the municipalities is evaluated by a score from 3 to 12.RESULTS: The average TIY of the municipalities decreased from 741.2 [95%CI 689.3-793.2] in 2009 to 348.9 [329.4-368.4] in 2018. The difference between the highest and lowest prescribing municipalities was reduced from 648.3 TIY in 2009-212.5 TIY in 2018. The average increase in TIY per unit increase in socioeconomic municipality score changed from 20.05 [7.69-31.06] in 2009 to -4.58 [-16.02-5.60] in 2018, representing a decreasing association between socioeconomic municipality score and use of antibiotic in the respective municipalities.CONCLUSION: The trend in antibiotic prescription to children aged 0-6 years old decreased substantially in all the investigated municipalities in the 10-year study period. Local differences in prescription rates declined towards a more uniform prescription pattern across municipalities and association with socioeconomic status of the municipalities was reduced.

Homelessness presents a long-standing social problem for nearly every community across the world. A key goal of homelessness service provision is to reduce the number of individuals who experience repeated episodes of homelessness. The goal of this work is to determine the feasibility of an automated recommendation system designed to carefully match individuals to homelessness service facilities when they first experience homelessness. Specifically, machine learning methods are used to recommend the exact service facility that a homeless individual can benefit from among other numerous homeless-serving organizations in the Capital Region of New York, based on individual time-variant (e.g., monthly income, age) and time-invariant (e.g., race, sex) features. The data used in the study span a total of 38, 800 individuals seeking federally funded homelessness assistance from 2005 through 2019. The best performing method achieves an accuracy of 81.5%.

Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) (2009) estimates that 450 million people worldwide experience mental disorders, about 10% of adults experience mental disorders and 25% of the population is estimated to experience mental disorders at a certain age during their life. This age usually occurs in young adults between the ages of 18-21 years. Other data from the National Institute of Mental Health shows that the rate of mental disorders reaches 13% of the disease as a whole and is expected to grow to 25% in 2030. The highest prevalence of mental disorders in Indonesia is in the province of the Special Capital Region (DKI) Jakarta (24, 3%), followed by Nagroe Aceh Darussalam (18.5%), West Sumatra (17.7%), NTB (10.9%), South Sumatra (9.2%), and Central Java (6.8%). while based on data Basic Health Research (2007). It shows that the national prevalence of mental disorders reaches 5.6% of the population, four to five people are suffering from mental illnesses. Based on these data, Indonesia's annual data that experience mental disorders is always increasing (MOH (2008). The increase in the proportion of mental disorders in the data obtained in Riskesdas 2018 is quite significant compared to Riskesdas in 2013, increasing from 1.7% to 7% of Indonesia's population (Riskesdas, 2018). In our country, there are approximately 2,400,000 children with mental disorders.