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ObjectiveTo evaluate the extent to which the inter-institutional, inter-disciplinary mobilisation of data and skills in the Farr Institute contributed to establishing the emerging field of data science for health in the UK.Design and outcome measuresWe evaluated evidence of six domains characterising a new field of science:defining central scientific challenges,demonstrating how the central challenges might be solved,creating novel interactions among groups of scientists,training new types of experts,re-organising universities,demonstrating impacts in society.We carried out citation, network and time trend analyses of publications, and a narrative review of infrastructure, methods and tools.SettingFour UK centres in London, North England, Scotland and Wales (23 university partners), 2013-2018.Results1. The Farr Institute helped define a central scientific challenge publishing a research corpus, demonstrating insights from electronic health record (EHR) and administrative data at each stage of the translational cycle in 593 papers with at least one Farr Institute author affiliation on PubMed. 2. The Farr Institute offered some demonstrations of how these scientific challenges might be solved: it established the first four ISO27001 certified trusted research environments in the UK, and approved more than 1000 research users, published on 102 unique EHR and administrative data sources, although there was no clear evidence of an increase in novel, sustained record linkages. The Farr Institute established open platforms for the EHR phenotyping algorithms and validations (>70 diseases, CALIBER). Sample sizes showed some evidence of increase but remained less than 10% of the UK population in primary care-hospital care linked studies. 3.The Farr Institute created novel interactions among researchers: the co-author publication network expanded from 944 unique co-authors (based on 67 publications in the first 30 months) to 3839 unique co-authors (545 papers in the final 30 months). 4. Training expanded substantially with 3 new masters courses, training >400 people at masters, short-course and leadership level and 48 PhD students. 5. Universities reorganised with 4/5 Centres established 27 new faculty (tenured) positions, 3 new university institutes. 6. Emerging evidence of impacts included: > 3200 citations for the 10 most cited papers and Farr research informed eight practice-changing clinical guidelines and policies relevant to the health of millions of UK citizens.ConclusionThe Farr Institute played a major role in establishing and growing the field of data science for health in the UK, with some initial evidence of benefits for health and healthcare. The Farr Institute has now expanded into Health Data Research (HDR) UK but key challenges remain including, how to network such activities internationally.

Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related disorders (CVRDs) are the leading causes of adult death worldwide, and substantial inequalities in care of patients with CVRDs exist between countries of high income and countries of low and middle income. Based on current trends, the UN Sustainable Development Goal to reduce premature mortality due to CVRDs by a third by 2030 will be challenging for many countries of low and middle income. We did systematic literature reviews of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness to identify priority interventions. We summarise the key findings and present a costed essential package of interventions to reduce risk of and manage CVRDs. On a population level, we recommend tobacco taxation, bans on trans fats, and compulsory reduction of salt in manufactured food products. We suggest primary health services be strengthened through the establishment of locally endorsed guidelines and ensured availability of essential medications. The policy interventions and health service delivery package we suggest could serve as the cornerstone for the management of CVRDs, and afford substantial financial risk protection for vulnerable households. We estimate that full implementation of the essential package would cost an additional US$21 per person in the average low-income country and $24 in the average lower-middle-income country. The essential package we describe could be a starting place for low-income and middle-income countries developing universal health coverage packages. Interventions could be rolled out as disease burden demands and budgets allow. Our outlined interventions provide a pathway for countries attempting to convert the UN Sustainable Development Goal commitments into tangible action.

Tobacco, alcohol and foods that are high in fat, salt and sugar generate much of the global burden of noncommunicable diseases. We therefore need a better understanding of how these products are promoted. The promotion of tobacco products through sporting events has largely disappeared over the last two decades, but advertising and sponsorship continues by companies selling alcohol, unhealthy food and sugar-sweetened beverage. The sponsorship of sporting events such as the Olympic Games, the men's FIFA World Cup and the men's European Football Championships in 2016, has received some attention in recent years in the public health literature. Meanwhile, British football and the English Premier League have become global events with which transnational companies are keen to be associated, to promote their brands to international markets. Despite its reach, the English Premier League marketing and sponsorship portfolio has received very little scrutiny from public health advocates. We call for policy-makers and the public health community to formulate an approach to the sponsorship of sporting events, one that accounts for public health concerns. Le tabac, l'alcool et les aliments riches en graisse, en sel et en sucre generent la plus large partie de la charge mondiale des maladies non transmissibles. Il est donc necessaire de mieux comprendre la maniere dont ces produits sont promus. La promotion des produits du tabac dans le cadre d'evenements sportifs a largement disparu au cours des vingt dernieres annees, mais la publicite et le sponsoring par des entreprises qui vendent de l'alcool, des produits alimentaires peu sains et des boissons sucrees sont encore d'actualite. Depuis quelques annees, la litterature sur la sante publique commence a porter son attention sur le sponsoring d'evenements sportifs, tels que les Jeux olympiques, la Coupe du monde masculine de la FIFA ou encore le Championnat d'Europe de football masculin de 2016. Mais dans le meme temps, le football britannique et la Premier League anglaise sont devenus des evenements mondiaux auxquels les multinationales aiment etre associees pour promouvoir leurs marques aupres de marches internationaux. Malgre leur portee, le marketing et le sponsoring de la Premier League anglaise semblent negliges par les defenseurs de la sante publique. Nous appelons les decideurs politiques et la communaute de sante publique a elaborer une approche pour le sponsoring d'evenements sportifs qui reponde aux enjeux de sante publique. El tabaco, el alcohol y los alimentos que son ricos en grasa, como la sal y el azucar, generan gran parte de la carga mundial de enfermedades no contagiosas. Por tanto, necesitamos una mejor comprension de la forma en que se promueven estos productos. La promocion de los productos del tabaco a traves de eventos deportivos ha desaparecido en gran medida en las ultimas dos decadas, pero la publicidad y el patrocinio continuan por parte de las empresas que venden alcohol, alimentos poco saludables y bebidas azucaradas. El patrocinio de eventos deportivos como los Juegos Olimpicos, la Copa Mundial de la FIFA masculina y el Campeonato de Futbol Europeo del 2016 ha recibido cierta atencion en los ultimos anos en la bibliografia sobre salud publica. Mientras tanto, el futbol britanico y la Premier League inglesa se han convertido en eventos globales con los que las empresas transnacionales estan dispuestas a asociarse, para promocionar sus marcas ante los mercados internacionales. A pesar de su alcance, la cartera de comercializacion y patrocinio de la Premier League inglesa apenas han sido objeto de escrutinio por parte de los defensores de la salud publica. Pedimos a los responsables de la formulacion de politicas y a la comunidad de la salud publica que formulen un enfoque para el patrocinio de eventos deportivos, que tenga en cuenta estas preocupaciones sobre la salud publica., Introduction Noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, cancers and type 2 diabetes, cause an estimated 41 million deaths per year globally, of which 15 million occur between the ages [...]

Objective To systematically review published studies of interventions to reduce people's intake of dietary trans-fatty acids (TFAs). Methods We searched online databases (CIN AHL, the CRD Wider Public Health database, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Ovid[R], MEDLINE[R], Science Citation Index and Scopus) for studies evaluating TFA interventions between 1986 and 2017. Absolute decrease in TFA consumption (g/day) was the main outcome measure. We excluded studies reporting only on the TFA content in food products without a link to intake. We included trials, observational studies, meta-analyses and modelling studies. We conducted a narrative synthesis to interpret the data, grouping studies on a continuum ranging from interventions targeting individuals to population-wide, structural changes. Results After screening 1084 candidate papers, we included 23 papers: 12 empirical and 11 modelling studies. Multiple interventions in Denmark achieved a reduction in TFA consumption from 4.5 g/day in 1976 to 1.5 g/day in 1995 and then virtual elimination after legislation banning TFAs in manufactured food in 2004. Elsewhere, regulations mandating reformulation of food reduced TFA content by about 2.4 g/ day. Worksite interventions achieved reductions averaging 1.2 g/day. Food labelling and individual dietary counselling both showed reductions of around 0.8 g/day. Conclusion Multicomponent interventions including legislation to eliminate TFAs from food products were the most effective strategy. Reformulation of food products and other multicomponent interventions also achieved useful reductions in TFA intake. By contrast, interventions targeted at individuals consistently achieved smaller reductions. Future prevention strategies should consider this effectiveness hierarchy to achieve the largest reductions in TFA consumption. Objectif Effectuer une revue systematique des etudes publiees portant sur des interventions qui visent a reduire la consommation par les individus d'acides gras trans alimentaires. Methodes Nous avons recherche dans des bases de donnees en ligne-(CINAHL, The CRD Wider Public Health database, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Ovid[R], MEDLINE[R], Science Citation Index et Scopus) des etudes evaluant les interventions relatives aux acides gras trans entre 1986 et 2017. Le principal critere d'evaluation etait la baisse absolue de la consommation d'acides gras trans (g/ jour). Nous avons exclu les etudes mentionnant uniquement la teneur en acides gras trans dans les produits alimentaires sans etablir de lien avec leur consommation. Nous avons inclus des essais, des etudes observationnelles, des meta-analyses et des etudes de modelisation. Nous avons realise une synthese descriptive afin d'interpreter les donnees en regroupant les etudes selon un continuum allant des interventions ciblant des individus a des changements structurels au niveau de la population. Resultats Apres avoir examine 1084 etudes, nous en avons selectionne 23:12 etudes empiriques et 11 etudes de modelisation. Au Danemark, de multiples interventions ont permis de faire passer la consommation d'acides gras trans de 4,5 g/jour en 1976 a 1,5 g/jour en 1995, jusqu'a une elimination virtuelle suite a l'adoption d'une loi en 2004 interdisant les acides gras trans dans les produits alimentaires industriels. Dans d'autres pays, des reglementations imposant une reformulation des aliments ont reduit la teneur en acides gras trans d'environ 2,4 g/jour. Des interventions sur les lieux de travail ont induit des baisses de 1,2 g/jour en moyenne. L'etiquetage des produits alimentaires et la fourniture de conseils dietetiques individualises ont quant a eux entraine des diminutions d'environ 0,8 g/jour. Conclusion La strategie la plus efficace consistait en des interventions a plusieurs composantes incluant une loi destinee a eliminer les acides gras trans des produits alimentaires. La reformulation des produits alimentaires et d'autres interventions a plusieurs composantes ont egalement permis de reduire efficacement la consommation d'acides gras trans. En revanche, les baisses induites par les interventions ciblant des individus etaient systematiquement moins importantes. Cette hierarchie de l'efficacite doit etre prise en compte dans les futures strategies de prevention afin de reduire au maximum la consommation d'acides gras trans. Objetivo Revisar de forma sistematica los estudios publicados sobre intervenciones para reducir la ingesta de acidos grasos trans (TFA, por sus siglas en ingles) en la dieta. Metodologia En bases de datos en linea (CINAHL, la base de datos de salud publica mas amplia del CRD, la base de datos Cochrane sobre revisiones sistematicas, Ovid[R], MEDLINE[R], Science Citation Index y Scopus), se buscaron estudios que evaluasen las intervenciones deTFA entre 1986 y 2017. El descenso absoluto del consumo deTFA (g/dia) fue la principal medida como resultado. Se excluyeron los estudios que informan solo sobre el contenido deTFA en los productos alimenticios sin relacionarlos con la ingesta. Se incluyeron ensayos, estudios observacionales, metanalisis y estudios de modelacion. Se llevo a cabo una sintesis narrativa para interpretar los datos, agrupando los estudios en un continuo que va desde las intervenciones dirigidas a personas hasta los cambios estructurales en toda la poblacion. Resultados Despues de examinar 1084 documentos candidatos, se incluyeron 23 articulos: 12 estudios empiricos y 11 de modelacion. Las multiples intervenciones en Dinamarca lograron una reduccion en el consumo de TFA de 4,5 g/dia en 1976 a 1,5 g/dia en 1995 y posteriormente la eliminacion virtual tras la legislacion de 2004 que prohibio los TFA en los alimentos manufacturados. En otros lugares, las regulaciones que obligan a la reformulacion de los alimentos redujeron el contenido deTFA en unos 2,4 g/dia. Las intervenciones en el lugar de trabajo consiguieron reducciones con un promedio de 1,2 g/dia. El etiquetado de los alimentos y el asesoramiento alimenticio individual mostraron reducciones de alrededor de 0,8 g/dia. Conclusion Las intervenciones de componentes multiples, incluida la legislacion para eliminar los TFA de los productos alimenticios, fueron la estrategia mas efectiva. La reformulacion de los productos alimenticios y otras intervenciones de componentes multiples tambien lograron reducciones utiles en la ingesta deTFA. Por el contrario, las intervenciones dirigidas a personas lograron sistematicamente reducciones mas pequenas. Las futuras estrategias de prevencion deberian tener en cuenta esta jerarquia de efectividad para conseguir la mayor reduccion posible en el consumo de TFA., Introduction Over two-thirds of the global burden of disability and death is attributable to noncommunicable diseases. Diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, common cancers, dementia, diabetes and respiratory disorders kill over [...]