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Geochemical mapping is the base of knowledge needed to determine the critical contents of potential toxic elements and the potentially hazardous regions on the planet. This work presents maps of baseline values of chemical elements in the soils of Sal Island (Cape Verde) and the assessment of their ecological and human health risks. According to the results, Ba, Co, Ni, and V baseline values are above the international guidelines for agricultural and residential proposed uses. Arsenic in the soil overlying the Ancient Eruptive Complex shows a high potential ecological risk factor. It is not clear if high As contents in soils have a geogenic or anthropogenic source. Hazard indexes (HI) were calculated for children and adults. For children, HI is higher than 1 for Co, Cr, and Mn, indicating potential non-carcinogenic risk. These elements are present in high content in soils covering Quaternary sediments, the Monte Grande-Pedra Lume Formation, and the Ancient Eruptive Complex, inducing belief in a geogenic source. For the other elements and for adults, there is no potential non-carcinogenic risk. Cancer risk (CR) was calculated for As, Cd, Cr, and Ni exposures for adults and children, and the results are mainly lower than the carcinogenic target risk value, indicating no cancer risk. Only in a few soil samples are CR results slightly higher than the carcinogenic target risk of 1 × 10−4 2 × 10−6 for adults exposed to Cr by inhalation. It is important to emphasize that these results of the health risk associated with exposure are likely to overestimate the bioavailable fractions of the elements in the soil once it is used as aqua regia instead of physiological fluids to digest the soil. However, since measured concentrations of potential toxic elements in soil reveal that they can be harmful to both the environment and human health, regional activities such as agriculture or water exploitation must be controlled by competent authorities. These conclusions highlight the insights and the applicability of soil geochemistry surveys for future policy progress, which are particularly relevant in developing countries like the Cape Verde archipelago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing energy production through renewable sources is a challenge for islands. This paper investigates the potential of hydropower as a renewable energy source for islands in the Macaronesia region, which includes the Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, and Cape Verde. Ecological transition towards renewable energy sources is crucial for these islands due to their current dependence on imported fossil fuels and their remoteness. The methodology used in this paper combines a SWOT analysis with a review of relevant literature. The SWOT analysis evaluates the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats associated with hydropower development on each island. The results show that each island has unique characteristics that influence its hydropower potential. The Azores has existing mini-hydropower plants and opportunities for pumped storage systems due to its rainfall and volcanic features. Madeira also utilizes hydropower, including the world's first underground pumped storage plant (UPHS) in Socorridos. However, limitations exist due to the mountainous terrain and competition for water resources. The Canary Islands showcase the success story of El Hierro Island, which significantly increased renewable energy penetration through a wind farm and pumped storage hydropower system. The topography and lack of rainfall on Cape Verde make the development of hydropower a significant challenge and, as a result, the focus has shifted to wind power. The study concludes that hydropower can play a significant role in the ecological transition of these islands. However, careful planning and consideration of environmental factors are necessary to maximize the benefits and minimize the potential drawbacks. The paper emphasizes the importance of islandspecific assessments and exploring opportunities for pumped storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spanish Journal of Comparative Education / Revista Española de Educación Comparada is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rumours, hearsay and gossip are a constitutive part of societies and play a fundamental role in coercing, controlling and disciplining individuals in the search for social cohesion. They tend to emerge at times of social tension and civilisational conflict, in order to provide answers and solutions to the resulting events. In this sense, the aim of this article is to understand the role of rumours produced and shared by Cape Verdean shopkeepers about the presence of Chinese immigrants in the country. To do this, I analyse two ethnographic and commercial contexts that are deeply marked by the presence of Cape Verdean women and competition from the Chinese commercial diaspora: the transnational trade in industrialised products in Mindelo, on the island of São Vicente, and the production and sale of "genuine" Cape Verdean handicrafts in the souvenir market on the island of Santiago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central objective of the present study is to contextualize youths' perception of neighborhood safety from a youth-centered perspective of native born and immigrant youth living in a police-defined 'hot spot' neighborhood in Boston, U.S.A. Using the concept of street efficacy and lifestyles-routine activities theories, focus groups were conducted with teens, and photovoice was used to elaborate on perceptions. Youth described neighborhood offenders, capable guardians, and steps they took to reduce themselves as targets, consistent with lifestyles-routine activities theories. Results showed that although youth were aware of violence and victimization in their neighborhood, they displayed high street efficacy, or confidence, in the way they discussed their daily routines and navigated their lives. Youth generally felt they had the power to stay safe, but there were cultural dimensions to safety. Youth also described a nuanced relationship with police depending on situational context as well as personal and vicarious experiences. Study findings point to the need to address system-level barriers to safety, improve relationships among residents, youth, and police and to further investigate the cultural dimensions of youth perceptions of neighborhood safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism has become an essential activity for the economies of developing island destinations. Few studies have focused on the influence of community attachment and personal benefits on residents' perceptions of impacts and support for tourism in these areas. Moreover, many previous studies have yielded ambivalent results on the role of community attachment. In the present study, based on social exchange theory, we tested a theoretical model that analyses these aspects in a socioeconomic context such as the Cape Verde archipelago with a strong impact of emigration, where community attachment or the personal benefits produced by tourism can help explain the level of residents' support. Quantitative research was carried out through a survey of residents and 518 valid responses were obtained. The model was tested using structural equations with PLS. The results suggest that personal benefits influence both directly and indirectly, through perceptions of tourism impacts, and residents' support for tourism. It is also found that community attachment influences residents' perceptions of tourism impacts. Theoretical and practical implications of the results obtained are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small island developing states (SIDSs) traditionally face a set of challenges like the weak and highly fragile economic configuration, environmental issues, and a traditional dependence on a few economic activities forcing them to open the economy to the exterior. Therefore, their development model, like in Cape Verde, depends on migration, remittances, dependence on aid, tourism, and state employment. The current research offers an insight into the nature of Cape Verde’s economy as a SIDS economy and the degree to which the country has been relying on tourism receipts, external remittances from migrations, aid programs, and government services. Understanding Cape Verde’s development model is important to clarify the challenges the country faces and its development needs to gather a long-term resilience and to understand if it is changing from a MIRAB (Migrations, Remittances, Aid, and Bureaucracy) model into another one.

Some of the most CO 2 -rich magmas on Earth are erupted by intraplate ocean island volcanoes. Here, we characterise olivine-hosted melt inclusions from recent (<10 ky) basanitic tephra erupted by Fogo, the only active volcano of the Cape Verde Archipelago in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. We determine H 2 O, S, Cl, F in glassy melt inclusions and recalculate the total (glass + shrinkage bubbles) CO 2 budget by three independent methodologies. We find that the Fogo parental basanite, entrapped as melt inclusion in forsterite-rich (Fo 80-85) olivines, contains up to ∼2.1 wt% CO 2 , 3–47 % of which is partitioned in the shrinkage bubbles. This CO 2 content is among the highest ever measured in melt inclusions in OIBs. In combination with ∼2 wt% H 2 O content, our data constrain an entrapment pressure range for the most CO 2 -rich melt inclusion of 648–1430 MPa, with a most conservative estimate at 773–1020 MPa. Our results therefore suggest the parental Fogo melt is stored in the lithospheric mantle at minimum depths of ∼27 to ∼36 km, and then injected into a vertically stacked magma ponding system. Overall, our results corroborate previous indications for a CO 2 -rich nature of alkaline ocean island volcanism. We propose that the Fogo basanitic melt forms by low degrees of melting (F = 0.06–0.07) of a carbon-enriched mantle source, containing up to 355–414 ppm C. If global OIB melts are dominantly as carbon-rich as our Fogo results suggest, then OIB volcanism may cumulatively outgas as high as ∼16–21 Tg of carbon yearly, hence substantially contributing to the global deep carbon cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A group of ten formerly uninhabited islands off the coast of Senegal, Cape Verde was established as a slave colony by the Portuguese in the 1500s and has been struggling to construct a cohesive cultural identity since winning independence from Portugal in 1975. That postcolonial struggle is, in many ways, a linguistic one. This article shows how Cape Verdeans confronted the language of their oppressors through the hybrid “forked tongue” of Kriolu, a “secret language” that subverted and resisted Portuguese in the struggle for independence in the twentieth century. However, because Cape Verdeans are primarily a hybrid people with a hybrid language, the island nation continues to experience a crisis of identity as it grapples with accepting or rejecting both its African and European roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small island developing states (SIDSs) traditionally face a set of challenges like the weak and highly fragile economic configuration, environmental issues, and a traditional dependence on a few economic activities forcing them to open the economy to the exterior. Therefore, their development model, like in Cape Verde, depends on migration, remittances, dependence on aid, tourism, and state employment. The current research offers an insight into the nature of Cape Verde's economy as a SIDS economy and the degree to which the country has been relying on tourism receipts, external remittances from migrations, aid programs, and government services. Understanding Cape Verde's development model is important to clarify the challenges the country faces and its development needs to gather a long-term resilience and to understand if it is changing from a MIRAB (Migrations, Remittances, Aid, and Bureaucracy) model into another one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how being a small island jurisdiction affects actors in the journalism sector. The media is often referred to as the fourth estate, an institution inherently important for democracy. By scrutinizing politicians, journalists have the possibility to reveal transgressions and provide the public insight into how powerholders are performing as state officials. With this knowledge, the public can make informed decisions as to who will earn their vote in coming elections. This article studies the space for manoeuvre of investigative journalism in a small island state where the interconnectedness of people - journalists, sources, and powerholders - is a fact. It does so by studying the case of Cape Verde, a small island nation with 560 000 residents. Interviews with 12 Cape Verdian journalists from a range of the most important media outlets in the country, reveal that although freedom of expression and freedom of the press are constitutionally guaranteed, there are substantial practical limitations of free journalism. Respondents tell of widespread self-censorship, underfunding, and political interference as aspects that limit the possibility of conducting their work in a manner that would make them the watchdog institution that most of them aspire to and wish they could be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Jurídica Portucalense is the property of Revista Juridica Portucalense and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although a relatively small player in the global arena of international student migration/mobility (ISM), Portugal hosts an increasing number of international students, the vast majority of whom are from its former colonies. This paper shifts the debate on ISM away from the Anglophone world by examining the future mobility intentions and outcomes of students and graduates from Angola and Cape Verde who are or were enrolled in Portuguese universities. Based on 85 interviews with 49 participants, we explore their decision‐making processes about the location of their future careers—back in their home country, in Portugal, or elsewhere. We pay particular attention to how their thinking about their future lives—and where they want to be—changes during the course of their study in Portugal. A close reading of the participants' narratives enables the construction of a fourfold typology of their sociospatial trajectories (fulfilled and envisaged) and the reasons behind them. We label them: (i) maximisers; (ii) dreamers; (iii) globally mobile; and (iv) runners. These categories are not mutually exclusive and, for any given individual, can change over time, demonstrating the complexity of international students' plans and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer ranks as the third most common female cancer in Cape Verde and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the country. While Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, which started in 2021, is anticipated to significantly reduce disease incidence, cervical screening remains crucial for non-vaccinated women. We retrospectively reviewed gynecologic cytology exams and HPV tests performed in Cape Verde between 2017 and April 2023 and processed at IMP Diagnostics. For this study, we considered 13035 women with cytology examinations performed and, 2013 of these, also with an HPV molecular test. Cytology diagnostics comprised 83 % NILM cases; 12 % ASC-US; 2.7 % LSIL; 1.2 % ASC-H; 0.5 % HSIL and 0.1 % SCC. In 505 (25.1 %) high-risk HPV infection was detected. Prevalence of HPV infection varied with age, peaking at young ages - ≤24 years old (55.5 %) and 25-35-year-old women (31.5 %) - and the lowest after 66 years old (9.7 %). Herein we present a comprehensive study regarding Cape Verde's cervical cytology and HPV distribution, aiming to provide a snapshot of the country's cervical cytology results and HPV distribution in recent years. Moreover, these data may contribute to establish a baseline to assess, in the future, the vaccination impact in the country.

Geochemical mapping is the base of knowledge needed to determine the critical contents of potential toxic elements and the potentially hazardous regions on the planet. This work presents maps of baseline values of chemical elements in the soils of Sal Island (Cape Verde) and the assessment of their ecological and human health risks. According to the results, Ba, Co, Ni, and V baseline values are above the international guidelines for agricultural and residential proposed uses. Arsenic in the soil overlying the Ancient Eruptive Complex shows a high potential ecological risk factor. It is not clear if high As contents in soils have a geogenic or anthropogenic source. Hazard indexes (HI) were calculated for children and adults. For children, HI is higher than 1 for Co, Cr, and Mn, indicating potential non-carcinogenic risk. These elements are present in high content in soils covering Quaternary sediments, the Monte Grande-Pedra Lume Formation, and the Ancient Eruptive Complex, inducing belief in a geogenic source. For the other elements and for adults, there is no potential non-carcinogenic risk. Cancer risk (CR) was calculated for As, Cd, Cr, and Ni exposures for adults and children, and the results are mainly lower than the carcinogenic target risk value, indicating no cancer risk. Only in a few soil samples are CR results slightly higher than the carcinogenic target risk of 1 × 10−4 2 × 10−6 for adults exposed to Cr by inhalation. It is important to emphasize that these results of the health risk associated with exposure are likely to overestimate the bioavailable fractions of the elements in the soil once it is used as aqua regia instead of physiological fluids to digest the soil. However, since measured concentrations of potential toxic elements in soil reveal that they can be harmful to both the environment and human health, regional activities such as agriculture or water exploitation must be controlled by competent authorities. These conclusions highlight the insights and the applicability of soil geochemistry surveys for future policy progress, which are particularly relevant in developing countries like the Cape Verde archipelago.

There are no scientific data available on the occurrence of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) cluster in definitive hosts (domestic dogs), intermediate hosts (domestic livestock) nor humans in Cape Verde. In this pilot study, environmental dog fecal samples (n = 369) were collected around food markets, official slaughterhouses, as well as home and small business slaughter spots in 8 of the 9 inhabited islands from the Cape Verde archipelago, between June 2021 and March 2022. Additionally, during the same period, 40 cysts and tissue lesions were opportunistically collected from 5 islands, from locally slaughtered cattle (n = 7), goats (n = 2), sheep (n = 1) and pigs (n = 26). Genetic characterization by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the 12S rRNA gene confirmed the presence of E. granulosus s.l. in fecal and tissue material. In total, 17 cyst samples from Santiago (n = 9), Sal (n = 7) and São Vicente (n = 1) and 8 G6/G7-positive dog fecal samples from Santiago (n = 4) and Sal (n = 4) were identified as E. granulosus s.l. G7 by sequence analysis (nad2, nad5 and nad1 genes). This study discloses the transmission of E. granulosus s.l. G7, in pig, cattle and dog in Cape Verde.

The main objective of the present study is to observe the influence of English on the Cape Verdean language, taking into account the historical events and the linguistic contacts between the languages in question. It is intended to observe how Anglicisms have been introduced in different contexts, especially in recent times, therefore, without forgetting the British and American influence in Cape Verde in past cen-turies and its impact on the lexicon. The semantic fields covered include, among others, new technologies, sports and music (rap kriol). The present descriptive research is based mainly on digital sources, such as social networks, online press, dictionaries available online and song texts. In conclusion, the analysis carried out proves the constant presence of Anglicisms in Cape Verdean reality, as well as their flow related to the emergence of new phenomena that need to be named.

Abstract Background Wolbachia pipientis is an endosymbiont bacterium that induces cytoplasmic incompatibility and inhibits arboviral replication in mosquitoes. This study aimed to assess Wolbachia prevalence and genetic diversity in different mosquito species from Cape Verde. Methods Mosquitoes were collected on six islands of Cape Verde and identified to species using morphological keys and PCR-based assays. Wolbachia was detected by amplifying a fragment of the surface protein gene (wsp). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed with five housekeeping genes (coxA, gatB, ftsZ, hcpA, and fbpA) and the wsp hypervariable region (HVR) for strain identification. Identification of wPip groups (wPip-I to wPip-V) was performed using PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay on the ankyrin domain gene pk1. Results Nine mosquito species were collected, including the major vectors Aedes aegypti, Anopheles arabiensis, Culex pipiens sensu stricto, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Wolbachia was only detected in Cx. pipiens s.s. (100% prevalence), Cx. quinquefasciatus (98.3%), Cx. pipiens/quinquefasciatus hybrids (100%), and Culex tigripes (100%). Based on the results of MLST and wsp hypervariable region typing, Wolbachia from the Cx. pipiens complex was assigned to sequence type 9, wPip clade, and supergroup B. PCR/RFLP analysis revealed three wPip groups in Cape Verde, namely wPip-II, wPip-III, and wPip-IV. wPip-IV was the most prevalent, while wPip-II and wPip-III were found only on Maio and Fogo islands. Wolbachia detected in Cx. tigripes belongs to supergroup B, with no attributed MLST profile, indicating a new strain of Wolbachia in this mosquito species. Conclusions A high prevalence and diversity of Wolbachia was found in species from the Cx. pipiens complex. This diversity may be related to the mosquito's colonization history on the Cape Verde islands. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to detect Wolbachia in Cx. tigripes, which may provide an additional opportunity for biocontrol initiatives. Graphical Abstract

Copyright of Paradigma is the property of Universidad Pedagogica Experimental Libertador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Linhas is the property of Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The São Vicente carnival is a symbol of the island’s identity and, at the same time, a field that evokes and intersects several identity referents, with Brazil being the main one. This article revisits the long history of discourses and representations about the identitarian relation between Cape Verde and Brazil, through the case of the São Vicente carnival. Based on archival and ethnographic research, the article presents several Brazilian cultural influences that over time marked the island’s carnival and discusses this supposed relation, proposing the mirror metaphor to better illustrate this unilateral identification and identity demand.