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CRISPR technology offers the opportunity for partnership between biotechnology and organic agriculture to the mitigation of food insecurity, which may be one of the few ways to truly sustainable agriculture. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-15T15:05:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Capalbo-Become-sustainable-2022.pdf: 739431 bytes, checksum: 79e4c4e1c6e3ff5362c2a57ddfd39490 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Growth hormone (GH), in addition to promote linear growth during childhood, exerts a key role in several processes of substrate metabolism. Adults with untreated GH deficiency and adolescents who discontinued GH therapy at completion of growth, exhibit a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors such as impaired cardiac performance, alteration in body proportion with increased visceral fat, dyslipidemia and hypertension, that could place them at higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity. Although studies on adolescents and children are still scarce, there is evidence that early markers of cardiovascular disease can be already detected in untreated children with GH deficiency and that, as in adults, GH replacement therapy exerts a beneficial role on metabolic alterations. Untreated GH deficiency in childhood and adolescence seems to be associated with reduced cardiac size and impaired cardiac function, dyslipidemia, abnormalities in body composition and in peripheral inflammatory markers. GH replacement therapy exerts a beneficial effects on most of these alterations. Aim of this review is to summarize the current findings on the effects of GH deficiency and GH treatment on early cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents.

Resumen: El Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner, 1911) (Bt) es una bacteria que contiene endotoxinas con acción insecticida para varias especies. A pesar de la conocida inocuidad de la utilización de Bt y otros bioplaguicidas utilizados en la lucha contra las plagas, ha habido algunos informes acerca de las infecciones y los efectos adversos sobre los organismos no blanco, entre estos, especies acuáticas. En este estudio, se evaluó los efectos derivados de la exposición a la cepa 344 del Bt (Bt344) en algunos organismos de diferentes niveles tróficos de la cadena alimentaria acuática. Los organismos de prueba estuvieron expuestos a concentraciones correspondientes a más de 1.000 veces la tasa de aplicación efectiva para controlar el gusano cogollero del maíz (Spodoptera frugiperda). El Bt344 no alteró los patrones de crecimiento de las algas Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Una tasa de mortalidad significativa equivalente a 8,9%, pero menor que el límite aceptable para el control (10%), se registró para el pez Hyphessobrycon scholzei. Sin embargo, la exposición al agente biológico disminuyó la supervivencia de Daphnia similis en 44,8%, en comparación con el control. Esto sugiere un riesgo para algunas especies acuáticas de invertebrados.

RESUMO: A tecnologia do DNA recombinante abriu, juntamente com um horizonte ilimitado de possibilidades de inovações, polêmicas que não podem ser ignoradas ou resolvidas por meio de uma difusão linear de informações. Ações multidisciplinares e multi-institucionais têm sido implementadas, com sucesso, em diversos países, para estabelecer novas formas de comunicação entre peritos e leigos. Isso permite identificar possíveis restrições e benefícios nas trajetórias tecnológicas, e assim entender e negociar eventuais conflitos. No Brasil, esse tipo de abordagem não tem recebido atenção significativa. A metodologia Problem Formulation and Options Assessment (PFOA), articulada no contexto do projeto internacional Genetically Modified Organisms - Environmental Risk Assessment (GMO-ERA), e sintonizada com as novas tendências de envolvimento dos diversos setores de interesse (stakeholders) ligados a uma tecnologia, propõe integrar na análise de risco as perspectivas ambiental, social, econômica e ética. A equipe de implementação de uma experiência piloto do PFOA foi formada pelo grupo do GMOERA - ligado ao Projeto Rede de Biossegurança (BioSeg), da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), pelo Instituto de Pesquisa em Riscos e Sustentabilidade, da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Iris-UFSC), e pelo Centro de Gestão de Estudos Estratégicos do Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia (CGEE/MCT). O caso utilizado como modelo foi o feijão geneticamente modificado resistente ao mosaico-dourado, que vem sendo desenvolvido pela Embrapa. O piloto, financiado pelo CGEE/MCT, contou com a participação de diversos stakeholders. Dentre as conclusões, recomenda-se o uso de sistemas de informação não unidirecionados, mais transparentes e abertos, baseados em uma ciência rigorosa, para subsidiar as instâncias científicas e políticas nas tomadas de decisão. abstract: Recombinant DNA technology, together with an unlimited horizon of possibilities of innovation, triggered a discussion, among stakeholders, that cannot be ignored or solved through a linear difusion of information. Multidisciplinary and multi-institutional actions are being successfully adopted in several countries to establish new communication strategies between specialists and stakeholders. These strategies allow the identification of possible constraints and benefits of a technology during its development and, consequently, understanding and negotiation of conflicts. In Brazil this approach is not being used yet. The Problem Formulation and Options Assessment (PFOA) methodology was proposed by the Genetically Modified Organisms - Environmental Risk Assessment (GMO-ERA) project, aligned with the new trend of involving stakeholders in the risk assessment of a new technology. PFOA integrates the environmental, social, economic and ethical perspectives into the risk assessment of a technology. PFOA's pilot experience was conducted by a group formed by the GMO-ERA team associated with the Biosafety Network (BioSeg) project of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), by the Institute of Research in Risk and Sustainability from the Federal University of Santa Catarina (Iris-UFSC) and by the Center for Strategic Management and Studies in Science, Technology and Innovation of the Ministry of Science and Technology (CGEE/ MCT). The case study was a genetically modified bean resistant to the golden mosaic disease, which is being developed by Embrapa. This pilot was funded by CGEE/MCT and gathered representatives of several stakeholders. It could be concluded that the use of non-directed, transparent, open and science-based communication approaches is of great value for scientific and political decision making instances.

RESUMEN: Se realizó la caracterización de nueve cepas cubanas de Bacillus thuringiensis según la morfología del cristal, la determinación del patrón de proteínas Cry y la actividad biológica frente a los insectos lepidópteros Spodoptera frugiperda y Anticarsia gemmatalis. Se observó la típica morfología bipiramidal en todas las cepas, y además la presencia de inclusiones cúbicas. El patrón de proteínas Cry obtenido correspondió con el de la cepa estándar internacional de B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki cepa HD1, en el que se observan dos bandas bien definidas correspondientes a la proteína Cry 1 (130 kDa) y Cry 2 (70 kDa). En la evaluación de la actividad biológica las cepas LBT 4 y LBT 7 causaron el 100% de mortalidad frente a S. frugiperda, mientras que las LBT 4, LBT 7, LBT 13 y LBT 47 provocaron el 100% de mortalidad para A. gemmatalis. abstract: This study describes the characterization of nine Cuban Bacillus thuringiensis strains based on crystal morphology, SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis (PAGE) and insecticidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda and Anticarsia gemmatalis. Ultrastructural analysis of parasporal bodies of the nine strains showed the typical bipyramidal crystal and cubic inclusion partially embedded in the middle of the bipyramidal crystal. The PAGE analysis showed two bands of 130 kDa and 70 kDa belongs to Cry 1 and Cry 2 protein present to HD1 standard strains B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki. The strains LBT 4 and LBT 7 analyzed in this report showed potential as biological insecticide against S. frugiperda and LBT 4, LBT 7, LBT13 and LBT47 strains showed 100% of mortality to Anticarsia gemmatalis.

Under the umbrella of the International Organisation of Biological Control (IOBC), an international working group of public sector scientists entitled on Transgenic Organisms in Integrated Pest Management and Biological Control has been organized. The group will develop scientific principles and detailed scientific guidelines for biosafety testing of transgenic crops. The key elements of this project are: (1) An international initiative including expert scientists from leading research institutions in developed and developing countries; (2) coordination of the development and implementation of the guidelines as a dynamic process, which will include scientific and technical capacity building and communication among scientists and between scientists and policy makers; (3) rapid serial publication of sections of the guidelines as they are completed; and (4) rapid and timely revision of previously published sections. The guidelines will be constructed on a case-by-case basis and will have no regulatory legitimacy themselves. Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T00:10:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CapalboBrazil6377.pdf: 78816 bytes, checksum: 92443267ca790c0875b82a95d3ca13a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-28

Made available in DSpace on 2019-07-18T00:43:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CapalboEffect.pdf: 174522 bytes, checksum: b67d624e03ab87387b95167ce3613f61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998

Brazil is internationally known for its activities in mass production and use of biocontrol agents. Batch studies on Bacillus thuringiensis fermentation were initiated in 1970, at the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) to explore the feasibility of producing endotoxin preparations, using cheap liquid by-products as fermentation substrates. The culture media composition, its price, and their influence on the final cost were studied for mini-and pilot-scale production. The results obtained generated two industrial patents on the fermentation process, using sugar cane molasses and corn steep liquor as sources of nutrients. Besides these studies, others such as rheological characteristics of many culture media and the culture broths, the influence of aeration and agitation levels on growth and sporulation, the continuos technique affecting growth and sporulation rate, the effects of different ways of drying on the viability of the spores and the potency of the insecticide obtained, as well as the solid state fermentation were developed. These studies were done as Master and Ph.D. theses, and some results were published from 1971 to 1996. Made available in DSpace on 2020-08-06T11:10:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moraes-bacillus3689.pdf: 852060 bytes, checksum: 565db079e1ed7add39f19a0b4df432d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998

Assessing the potential environmental effects of biopesticides is an important part of its development and registration process. In Brazil little attention has been given to this approach, but now with the new approved rules for biopesticides registration that issue will be increasingly considered (COSAVE, 1997). Among the potential safety issues related to the use of microorganisms for pest control pathogenicity and toxicity effects on non-target beneficial organisms are the main concern (OECD, 1995; USEPA, 1989; Cook et al, 1996). In addition to that potential hazards there are those posed by microbial contaminants and by sybstances used in the formulation of biopesticides (e.g. stickers, carriers, spreaders, UV protectors) (Burges, 1981). Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki is a biopesticide widely applied to control lepidopteran pests (Navon, 1993). In Brazil it is specially applied in reforestation areas (Zanuncio, 1993), and there are little published information about its safety, and when it exists it is usually of restrict access. Lambert & Peferoen 1992 discussed about the use and mode of action of Bt in pest control, although almost nothing is known about its ecology and its role in nature. They showed the necessity of evaluating the relationship between the pathogens utilized in microbial pest control and their natural enemies; that will be another stage of the research in environmental impact assessment. Trichogramma pretiosum, a beneficial hymenopteran used in large scale for controlling lepidopteran pests in Brazil, is easy to rear in laboratory (Parra, 1996 and 1997) and occurs naturally under field conditions in different crops. Therefore it is a good representative of the agriculturally important wasps family Trichogrammatidae that could be used as a biological indicator of potential hazards of pesticides. This study refers to the evaluation of the effect of a formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) on the parasitism capacity and adult emergence of the nontarget hymenoptera T. pretiosum. The main goal was to develop and validate protocols for evaluating adverse effects of biopesticides on nontarget egg parasite insects. Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-18T18:26:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SaEffects.pdf: 3381866 bytes, checksum: 8e479f5eeda0aa8fb3583e744c74c31a (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998

A concessão de registro comercial de produtos fitossanitários contendo agentes microbianos de controle de pragas (AMCs), os biopesticidas, pelos órgãos federais registrantes esta sujeita a previa apresentação de dados que indiquem conclusivamente que o produto, quando usado de acordo com as prescrições, não causará efeitos significativamente adversos a seres humanos ou ao ambiente. Esta avaliação dos riscos potenciais de um AMC e parte importante tanto no processo de desenvolvimento do produto como na sua regulamentação (registro comercial). Esse processo é necessário para assegurar que o agente microbiano a ser utilizado ofereça riscos mínimos ao ambiente e aos organismos não-visados. No Brasil, os documentos básicos relativos ao registro de produtos fitossanitários contendo AMCs são regulamentações do Ministério da Agricultura - MA, Lei n.7.802, de 11/7/89 e Decreto n.98.816, de 11/1/90 (Brasil, 1995) e do Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis - IBAMA (Portaria 131 de 3/11/97) (Brasil, 1997), esta ultima especifica para o registro de biopesticidas para uso em florestas e ecossistemas hídricos. No âmbito da região do Cone Sul também existe uma regulamentação harmonizada entre Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Paraguai e Uruguai, a ser implementada na região a partir de janeiro de 1998 (COSAVE, 1997), bastante semelhante aquela aprovada pelo IBAMA, uma vez que a proposta aprovada no Cone Sul foi apresentada pelo Brasil. Como forma de defesa do ambiente e dos consumidores, compete aos órgãos públicos estabelecer os critérios para a avaliação de riscos, dentro de normas especificas, compatíveis com os padrões internacionais que regulamentam o mesmo assunto. Estas normas devem levar em consideração as características especificas dos produtos biológicos quanto a composição, forma de ação e comportamento no ambiente. Os testes de segurança geralmente exigidos incluem uma avaliação toxicológica em mamíferos e uma ecotoxicologica sobre organismos benéficos não-visados do ambiente, além de uma identificação completa do microrganismo e seu processamento e componentes da formulação. Esse documento abordará apenas o processo de avaliação ecotoxicologica de biopesticidas sobre organismos benéficos não-visados.

Agro-industrial residues and by-products available in southeastern Brazil were used as ingridients for low-cost culture media for liquid fermentation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. Highest spore yield was obtained with a medium containing cheese whey, soya bean milk and molasses (WSM). Crystals and spores were produced in all media and potency of the final product was highest for nutrient broth + yeast extract medium (NBY). There was no correlation between the number of spores in the fermented media and the potency of the preparations. Considering all three factors, the potencies, costs and yields of the final products, lowest relative cost was obtained with BMM medium (Bombyx mori pupae + molasses). NBY and WSM had intermediate relative cost aproximately nine times higher than BMM. The cost analysis suggests that BMM medium should be preferred for local production of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki in comparison to other media tested. The results also demonstrate the importance of considering yields, cost and potency of the B. thuringiensis preparations in selecting the production medium. Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T22:45:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1997AP41CapalboProduction3376.PDF: 160296 bytes, checksum: 31930915e79f6a7a8a453af702c2dc12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998-03-30

Foi avaliada a produção de esporos in vitro de 43 combinações de subprodutos agroindustriais (soro de queijo de leite bovino, farinha de pupas de bicho-da-seda, proteína de soja, levedura de cana). Todos os meios de cultura testados mostraram ser viáveis para produção de Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner, e a concentracao de esporos obtida nesse meio de cultura variou de 10 elevado a 6 ate 10 elevado a 9 esporos/ml. Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T22:45:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1997AP040CapalboSelecao3331.PDF: 91774 bytes, checksum: bf17205e8747c8faf8cb2a113e763637 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997-09-25

Several factors make the local production of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) highly appropriate for pest control in developing nations. Bt can be cheaply produced on a wide variety of low cost, organic substrates. Local production results in considerable savings in hard currency which otherwise would be spent on importation of chemical and biological insecticides. The use of Bt in Brazil has been limited in comparison with chemical insecticides. Although Bt is imported, some Brazilian researchers have been working on its development and production. Fermentation processes (submerged and semi-solid) were applied, using by-products from agro-industries. As the semi-solid fermentation process demonstrated to be interesting for Bt endotoxins production, it could be adopted for small scale local production. Although promising results had been achieved, national products have been registered due to the absence of a specific legislation for biological control products. Effective actions are being developed in order to solve this gap. Regardless of the biocontrol agents being considered atoxic and harmless to the environment, information related to direct and indirect effects of microbials are still insufficient in many cases. The risk analysis of the use of microbial control agents is of upmost importance nowadays, and is also discussed. Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T23:00:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1995AP008CapalboBacillus2889.PDF: 150200 bytes, checksum: d5c76f019becc177ec119df1c502dc0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995-04-20

Quatro residuos da agroindustria foram testados em seis combinacoes diferentes, como meios de cultura liquidos, na obtencao de esporos de Bacillus thuringiensis. Os resultados obtidos indicaram a viabilidade de utilizacao dos residuos testados, sendo concluido que a combinacao equilibrada de fontes de nitrogenio e sais minerais, associada a presenca de pequenas quantidades de carboidratos e essencial na obtencao de elevados rendimentos em esporos bacterianos. O acompanhamento da fermentacao atraves de analises de pH e absorbancia do meio, mostrou correlacao com o desenvolvimento bacteriano, indicando esses parametros como eficientes na deteccao das etapas fermentativas. Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-31T02:05:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Capalbo-Obtencao-bioinseticida-1991.pdf: 1248642 bytes, checksum: bfd796bf66e635efde0a700cb9ba0145 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1991