40 results on '"Capacocha"'
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2. La capacocha del cerro Esmeralda. Relaciones textiles, identitarias e ideológicas en torno al culto de Huantajaya.
- Author
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Bachraty, Dagmar and Nautré, Caroline
- Abstract
Copyright of Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino is the property of Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Ajuares de la nobleza en contextos de Capacocha: collares, tupus y colgantes de las Doncellas del Ampato y Llullaillaco
- Author
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Dagmar Bachraty and Caroline Nautré
- Subjects
Capacocha ,Llullaillaco ,tupus ,Ampato ,doncellas ,pendants ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The objective of this article is a comparative and functional analysis of the necklace that accompanies the clothing of the Maiden of Llullaillaco and the miniature pendants that hung from the two metallic tupus that close the acsu of the Maiden of Ampato. This multidisciplinary approach makes it possible to establish the importance of the ritual practices associated with the spheres of political and social power linked to these Capacochas. It also highlights how the materiality with which these objects were made could be related to the sacralization of its bearer, her protection, and social status.
- Published
- 2023
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4. The Incas
- Author
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Cox, Gerry R., Thompson, Neil, Cox, Gerry R., and Thompson, Neil
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Use of LA-ICP-MS to evaluate mercury exposure or diagenesis in Inca and non-Inca mummies from northern Chile.
- Author
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Arriaza, Bernardo, Amarasiriwardena, Dulasiri, Starkings, Jet, and Ogalde, Juan Pablo
- Abstract
We tested the hair of seven mummies housed at the Museo Regional de Iquique, northern Chile, to investigate evidence of mercury exposure in the Atacama Desert. Five mummies represent local inhumations and two came from a special burial known as capacocha, at Cerro Esmeralda, Iquique, northern Chile. The capacocha was a ritual of vital importance to both religious and political affairs wherein specially chosen children of both sexes were sacrificed throughout the Inca state. The cause of death of the two victims is unknown. Toxic cinnabar pigment has been found in the garments of the two Cerro Esmeralda sacrificed capacocha mummies. Using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), we evaluated if LA-ICP-MS was useful to discriminate between biogenic exposure and diagenesis of mercury. The capacochas inhumations’ hair presented a median level of 11.8 µg/g Hg vs.0.68 µg/g Hg found in non-capacocha mummies. We discuss these elevated levels of mercury in capacocha samples studied across and longitudinal sections of hair strands to elucidate possible endogenous consumption or perimortem contamination. We conclude that Cerro Esmeralda victims were subject to both external contamination and endogenous accumulation due to chronic Hg poisoning during the months-long capacocha ritual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Inca human sacrifices from the Ampato and Pichu Pichu volcanoes, Peru: new results from a bio-anthropological analysis.
- Author
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Socha, Dagmara M., Reinhard, Johan, and Perea, Ruddy Chávez
- Abstract
One of the most important rituals in the Inca Empire was the capacocha. It required the most prestigious sacrificial offering of male and female children and young women who were characterized by their beauty and purity. The aim of this paper is to present the results of a bio-anthropological analysis of the remains of five individuals sacrificed on the summits of Ampato and Pichu Pichu during this ritual. Various methods (bone analysis and radiography) were applied in the investigation due to the diverse states of preservation of the remains. Four individuals were in the same age category: 6–7 years old. The individual Pichu Pichu #2 was sacrificed at age 3.5 years, which makes him the youngest capacocha sacrifice currently known. Results show proper development of the victims’ bodies, the presence of stress markers related to the early childhood period, and, in the case of the Ampato boy, malformation of the cervical vertebrae. The studies of the Pichu Pichu and Ampato sacrifices confirm their widespread origins, privileged position, and high social status. They show that the victims were well-nourished and had proper body growth compared to juveniles from the lower social strata in different cemeteries in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Inca Human Sacrifices on Misti Volcano (Peru).
- Author
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Socha, Dagmara M., Reinhard, Johan, and Chávez Perea, Ruddy
- Subjects
- *
ARCHAEOLOGICAL expeditions , *CERAMICS , *HUMAN sacrifice , *INTERMENT - Abstract
One of the most impressive examples of an Inca capacocha ceremony was discovered during an archaeological expedition to the summit of Misti volcano in 1998. The offerings at the site included several human sacrifices, along with fine ceramics and figurines made from gold, silver, and Spondylus sp. shell. One of the two burials appeared to contain the bones of males and the other of females. The sex was established based on the contents of the graves, because the fragile skeletal material had been badly affected by volcanic activity and exact identification was difficult to make in situ. To limit the risk of damage, the bones were excavated together with the surrounding soil and transported in frozen blocks to the Museo Santuarios Andinos of Universidad Católica de Santa María in Arequipa. This material was the object of a bioarchaeological investigation in February and March 2018. The results revealed that at least eight individuals had been buried in the graves. The findings have increased our understanding of the age categories and physical condition of the individuals chosen to be sacrificed during the capacocha ritual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Placas zumbadoras y sogas sibilantes asociadas a las capacochacuna del volcán Llullaillaco
- Author
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Margarita E. Gentile
- Subjects
incas ,capacocha ,machacuay ,instrumentos musicales ,History (General) and history of Europe ,History (General) ,D1-2009 - Abstract
El tema de este ensayo son las placas zumbadoras y las sogas sibilantes que acompasaron la ceremonia de fundación de la alianza y oráculo capacocha hacia y en la cima del volcán Llullaillaco (6739 msnm, provincia de Salta, República Argentina). Cruzando datos de arqueología incaica, documentación colonial y registro etnográfico, regreso al tema del amaru como uno de los emblemas incaicos porque una prenda del vestuario de las mujeres de la comitiva –el tejido tubular al que están sujetas las placas– representa otro ofidio de la familia de las boas: el machacuay. Sus silbos los reproducían los hombres haciendo girar rápidamente las sogas que llevaban consigo y con las que ya habían participado de otra ceremonia en el Cusco. La voz humana debió agregar los relatos pautados por estos sonidos. Con placas, tejido tubular, sogas y relatos se actualizaban, sonora y visualmente, la Historia de los medios empleados por el Inca para poner bajo el gobierno del Cusco al otro no-cusqueño sin confrontar bélicamente.
- Published
- 2018
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9. Stable isotope analysis of the Inca mummy from Nevado de Chuscha (Salta, Argentina)*.
- Author
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Killian Galván, V. A., Tessone, A., Valenzuela, L. O., Sharp, Z. D., and Panarello, H. O.
- Subjects
- *
STABLE isotope analysis , *STABLE isotopes , *FOOD composition , *FOOD diaries , *MUMMIES - Abstract
This paper presents the carbon (13C/12C), nitrogen (15N/14N), oxygen (18O/16O), hydrogen (2H/1H) and sulfur (34S/32S) stable isotope values measured in the hair of a female individual from north‐western Argentina. The analysis of segments of this tissue allows for the recording of the diet and migratory changes with a short time resolution. The sample is from a mummified young female individual discovered in Chuscha mount, Salta province. It was found at more than 5000 masl, in a mountain sanctuary of the Inca expansion (capacochas). The paper discusses the paleodiet and mobility patterns of this individual in the period before her death, focusing on the isotopic variations in a limited time scale. The results indicate that the individual moved from a different region to the place where she was sacrificed. Furthermore, in the last year the individual was alive, a shift in the isotopic composition of the food consumed is detected: a variation in the importance of C4 over C3 resources is evident. The results are compared with the isotopic estimations for other children and young people recovered in archaeological contexts associated with capacochas to infer variability in the geographical trajectories covered during their last months of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. ¿DE TRANSICIONES Y PACHACUTIS?: UN PEQUEÑO DISEÑO EN VESTIMENTAS DE FIGURITAS DE CEREMONIAS DE ALTURA.
- Author
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CERECEDA, VERÓNICA
- Abstract
Copyright of Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino is the property of Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Análisis distribucional de las estatuillas incaicas encontradas en el volcán Llullaillaco
- Author
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Pablo Mignone
- Subjects
Inca ,statistics ,capacocha ,Llullaillaco ,distribution ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
We conducted a study of the distribution of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic inca figurines found in the tombs of three human bodies, at 6715 meters above sea level in the Llullaillaco (Salta-Argentina) volcano. These offerings were buried in an Inca ritual known as capacocha, by which were sealed and maintained partnerships between aboriginal communities and the state. The results of our study show a differential distribution between the bodies and anthropomorphic figurines, forming groups segregated without spatial relationship. This corroborates the ethnohistorical and archaeological information about the importance of figurines offered on many occasions without accompanying human remains. Finally, the distribution raises uncertainties as to the sequence of deposition of the offerings of the Llullaillaco volcano, suggesting the synchronicity of burials or a relatively short time between them.
- Published
- 2017
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12. PLACAS ZUMBADORAS Y SOGAS SIBILANTES ASOCIADAS A LAS CAPACOCHACUNA DEL VOLCÁN LLULLAILLACO.
- Author
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Gentile, Margarita E.
- Abstract
The theme of this essay is the bullroarers and the sibilant ropes that accompanied the ceremony of founding the capacocha alliance and oracle to and on the top of the Llullaillaco volcano (6739 masl, province of Salta, Argentina). Crossing data of Inca archaeology, colonial documentation and ethnographic record, I return to the theme of boas as one of the Inca emblems because a garment of the women's dress of the entourage - the tubular tissue to which the bullroarers are attached - represents another ophidian from the same family: the machacuay. Their whistles were reproduced by the men, making the ropes that they carried with them and with which they had already participated in another ceremony in Cusco. The human voice had to add the stories guided by these sounds. With plates, tubular fabric, ropes and stories updated, sound and visually, the History of the means used by the Inca to put under the Cusco government the other non- Cusqueño without confronting war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Vestimenta de mujeres en la nobleza Inca. Ajuar textil en el enterratorio del Cerro Esmeralda y sus relaciones con los textiles en miniatura de estatuillas.
- Author
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Soledad Hoces de la Guardia Ch. and Ana María Rojas Z.
- Subjects
Inca textiles ,female clothing ,capacocha ,acsu ,lliclla ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 - Abstract
The Museo Regional de Iquique, Chile, holds a patrimony of extraordinary value consisting of offerings preserved from an Inca capacocha ceremony. The ceremony, an extremely important Inca ritual carried out throughout Tawantinsuyu took place approximately between the years 1399 and 1475 AC. in cerro Esmeralda near this city. This 1976-discovery revealed two female bodies and a group of more than seventy-seven artifacts, which include a majority of textiles (70%).The Esmeralda site, unlike others found primarily in high-altitude mountain regions was discovered at a low altitude (905 m.a.s.l.). The bodies of the women were wearing exactly the same garments that the clothed miniature figurines that were found in several of the capacocha burials from other sites in the Andes. Recent preparation of these materials for their display in the museum have allowed us to record their details and initiate comparative studies among Inca women’s garments that have been preserved both in real scale and their miniature similes. This work presents the progress made in the study that considers material, technical and formal aspects of the textiles in relation to composition, color and iconography that follow the strict patterns that have appeared to have been established by the Inca State.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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14. Hair and Sacrifice in the Andean World, as deduced by biomolecular approaches
- Author
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Andrew Wilson
- Subjects
Archaeology ,hair ,Inca ,Andean ,sacrifice ,Capacocha ,ceremony ,Llullaillaco Maiden ,Cuzco ,ritual ,bioarchaeology ,coca ,CC1-960 - Abstract
An individual’s first haircut is considered to be a major milestone in many world cultures and religions even today. It is interesting to note therefore that children placed as Inca child sacrifices in shrines on a number of the principal mountains in the Andes were found with many offerings, including small bags made of animal intestines containing cut human hair. The exceptional preservation of these young individuals offers huge potential for us to gain insight into the ritual process, given that most have remained in permafrost conditions since they were left on the mountain as part of the state-sanctioned Capacocha ceremony practised by the Inca.
- Published
- 2016
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15. MINIATURAS ZOOMORFAS DEL VOLCÁN LLULLAILLACO Y CONTRASTE ENTRE RÉGIMEN ESTATAL Y VIDA COMUNITARIA EN LA CAPACOCHA ZOOMORPHIC MINIATURES OF THE LLULLAILLACO VOLCANO AND THE CONTRAST BETWEEN THE STATE REGIMEN AND COMMUNITY LIFE IN THE CAPACOCHA RITUAL
- Author
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Pablo Mignone
- Subjects
Llullaillaco ,fertilidad ,mullu ,metal ,capacocha ,pastoreo ,fertility ,herding ,History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ,AZ20-999 ,Social Sciences ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 - Abstract
En este escrito se expone una clasificación de 15 miniaturas zoomorfas inkas de metal y Spondylus, basada en formas y técnicas de manufactura desarrollando también una interpretación del significado de materiales, de asociaciones cardinales y de objetos del contexto funerario recuperado en 1999 de la cima del volcán Llullaillaco (6.739 msnm, Provincia de Salta, Argentina). Se busca aportar a la arqueología de montaña con una perspectiva de inclusión de contenidos mentales extra-políticos, basándose en la premisa de que el ritual remite, en primera instancia, a la práctica cotidiana que resulta de las condiciones sociales y materiales de existencia. Identificando ese sustrato primigenio, se intenta cambiar el eje de atención desde la predominancia cusqueña hacia el interés por la vida vernácula y sus prácticas dentro de lo que tradicionalmente se considera un ritual de exclusiva injerencia estatal en el marco de una "férrea" e intransigente dominación política.This paper presents a classification of 15 zoomorphic Inka figurines made of metal and Spondylus, based on the forms and techniques used in their manufacture, followed by an interpretation of the significance of the materials used, their orientation and association with funerary objects recovered on the summit of Llullaillaco Volcano (6739 ma.s.l. Salta Province, Argentina) in 1999. The paper is intended to contribute to mountain archaeology by examining the extra-political mental content of the artifacts, based on the premise that the ritual refers to the social and material conditions of existence, expressed in daily life. By identifying this primary underlayer, we seek to shift the central focus of mountain archaeology from the Cusco Empire to the vernacular sphere and its practices, expressed in a ritual under the exclusive purview of the State and its unyielding political domination.
- Published
- 2009
16. La Capacocha como ritual político. Negociaciones en torno al poder entre Cuzco y los curacas
- Author
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Annette Schroedl
- Subjects
Inca ,curacas ,Capacocha ,ritual ,consolidation of power ,political relations ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
The aim of this article is to study the function of political rituals in the Inca state through the analysis of the Capacocha ritual cycle. The public ceremonies of the Inca state religion created a scene where political relations between the sovereign and his subordinates (i.e. the relations between the Inca state and the peoples that had been conquered and incorporated into the Inca realm) were being negotiated, thus contributing to the consolidation of power that Cuzco exercised upon the Andean peoples. Furthermore, the Inca rituals paid special attention to the establishment of relations with the local elites, mainly with the curacas, and to the reaffirmation of the ties that united the Andean peoples with the Inca state. The article will focus on this relation between state power and local authorities in the Inca realm.
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- 2008
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17. Los Incas en el Collasuyu: Notas sobre alianzas prehispánicas en el área andina argentina
- Author
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Gentile Lafaille, Margarita E. and Gentile Lafaille, Margarita E.
- Abstract
The purpose of this essay is to return to the subject of the Incas in Collasuyu, in the southeast sector of Tahuantinsuyu, through approaches to the study of the capacocha, the founding ceremony of an alliance validated by an oracle that could be consulted from Cusco. We will see through four cases two of their types: agreement between the Inca and his allies, and agreement between regional leaders allied with each other. Archeology showed the form of these agreements, and Ethnohistory provided microsequences of the performance of the ceremony, ranks of its participants, the markers of Inca filiation, etc., El propósito de este ensayo es retomar el tema de los Incas en el Collasuyu, sector sudeste del Tahuantinsuyu, mediante aproximaciones al estudio de la capacocha, ceremonia fundacional de una alianza validada por un oráculo que podía ser consultado desde el Cusco. Veremos a través de cuatro casos dos de sus tipos: acuerdo entre el Inca y sus aliados, y acuerdo entre jefes regionales aliados entre sí. La Arqueología mostró la forma de estos acuerdos, y la Etnohistoria aportó microsecuencias de la realización de la ceremonia, rangos de sus participantes, los marcadores de la filiación incaica, etcétera.
- Published
- 2021
18. Peregrinaciones y procesiones rituales en los Andes
- Author
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María Rostworowski
- Subjects
rituals ,capacocha ,pilgrimages ,prehispanic rites ,modern rites ,History of Civilization ,CB3-482 - Abstract
Pilgrimages and ritual processions in the Andes. In the Andes, pilgrimages have a long history: several ethnohistorical documents confirm that this kind of ritual existed long before the Conquest. For their part, certain present-day pilgrimages, beyond the veneration of the Virgin or of a Christ, display shared and disturbing coincidences with ancient rituals. In a different context, prehispanic sacrificial rites, known as capacocha, involved considerable displacements of the participants. They were of two kinds: the Inca ones, which culminated in the sacrifice of young and handsome children; the coastal ones, which required the use of human or animal blood.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Stable isotope analysis of the Inca mummy from Nevado de Chuscha (Salta, Argentina)*
- Author
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L. O. Valenzuela, Zachary D. Sharp, V. A. Killian Galván, Hector Osvaldo Panarello, and Augusto Tessone
- Subjects
STABLE ISOTOPE ,purl.org/becyt/ford/6 [https] ,Archeology ,History ,Geography ,CAPACOCHA ,PALEODIET ,MOBILITY ,Stable isotope ratio ,HAIR ,purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1 [https] ,Archaeology ,Isotope analysis - Abstract
This paper presents the carbon (13C/12C), nitrogen (15N/14N), oxygen (18O/16O), hydrogen (2H/1H) and sulfur (34S/32S) stable isotope values measured in the hair of a female individual from north-western Argentina. The analysis of segments of this tissue allows for the recording of the diet and migratory changes with a short time resolution. The sample is from a mummified young female individual discovered in Chuscha mount, Salta province. It was found at more than 5000 masl, in a mountain sanctuary of the Inca expansion (capacochas). The paper discusses the paleodiet and mobility patterns of this individual in the period before her death, focusing on the isotopic variations in a limited time scale. The results indicate that the individual moved from a different region to the place where she was sacrificed. Furthermore, in the last year the individual was alive, a shift in the isotopic composition of the food consumed is detected: a variation in the importance of C4 over C3 resources is evident. The results are compared with the isotopic estimations for other children and young people recovered in archaeological contexts associated with capacochas to infer variability in the geographical trajectories covered during their last months of life. Fil: Killian Galván, Violeta Anahí. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario Tilcara; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Tessone, Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; Argentina Fil: Valenzuela, Luciano Oscar. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Arqueología. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana (Sede Quequén); Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Sharp, Z. D.. Universidad de Nuevo México.; Estados Unidos Fil: Panarello, Hector Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; Argentina
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Chiqui: etnohistoria de una creencia andina en el noroeste argentino
- Author
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Margarita E. Gentile
- Subjects
ethnohistory ,Northwest Argentine ,capacocha ,nicknames ,volcanoes ,parrots ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Chiqui was the bad luck; the belief and the ceremonies related to its propitiation were recorded in the Argentine northwestern region by the mid 19th Century and at the beginning of the 20th Century. This essay shows the different dangerous and unlucky situations, chiqui; the ways to obtain the benefits of the bad luck; its representations, the spreading of this belief throughout different landscapes and its Andean deeprootedness, presumably related to weather phenomena such as “El Niño”.
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- 2001
- Full Text
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21. Peregrination and Rituality in the Southern Provinces
- Author
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Mignone, Pablo, Alconini, Sonia, book editor, and Covey, Alan, book editor
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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22. Conclusions: sacred geographies and imperial expansion
- Author
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Alconini, Sonia, Covey, Alan, Alconini, Sonia, book editor, and Covey, Alan, book editor
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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23. Relaciones y estrategias de expansión Inca en el Noroeste argentino: marcadores gráficos e indicadores materiales en las quebradas altas del Valle Calchaquí
- Author
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Verónica Isabel Williams and María Cecilia Castellanos
- Subjects
Archeology ,purl.org/becyt/ford/6 [https] ,biology ,CAMPOS AGRICOLAS ,anexión territorial inca ,campos agrícolas ,biology.organism_classification ,VALLE CALCHAQUI ,Capacocha ,Valle Calchaquí ,Geography ,Regional development ,Anthropology ,ANEXION TERRITORIAL INCA ,marcadores gráficos ,purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1 [https] ,Humanities ,MARCADORES GRAFICOS ,Pukara - Abstract
Para el Valle Calchaquí medio, en el noroeste de Argentina, se ha postulado la implementación de diferentes estrategias de apropiación del paisaje por parte del Estado inca, las cuales variaron según las condiciones locales, ambientales y demográficas. Una de las estrategias apunta a una modalidad directa consistente en la intervención en infraestructura agrícola en sectores sin evidencia de asentamientos locales tanto habitacionales como defensivos del tipo pukara, muy populares en el área de estudio para el período de Desarrollos Regionales (PDR) o período Intermedio Tardío (PIT), que podrían haberse convertido en verdaderos enclaves productivos; y otra, de corte más simbólico, sugiere la apropiación estatal de lugares con historia previa, donde los pukaras, funcionaron como hitos territoriales, asociados a una forma de habitar el espacio entramando múltiples prácticas y actuando como referentes de memoria colectiva. En este artículo discutimos la posibilidad del despliegue de estrategias y ceremonias rituales como expresión de la demarcación territorial y anexión a la política Inca en áreas agrícolas de valles y quebradas altas del Calchaquí, tomando en cuenta el concepto de Capacocha. It has been suggested that, depending on local, environmental, and demographic conditions, the Inca state implemented diverse strategies of landscape appropriation in the middle Calchaqui Valley, Northwest Argentina..One of the direct strategies consisted in the intervention of agricultural infrastructure in areas with no evidence of either local habitational or pukarastyle defensive settlements, which were very popular in the study area during the Regional Development Period (RDP) or Late Intermediate Period (LIP) and which could have become true Inca productive enclaves. Another strategy, of a more symbolic character, suggests that the Inca state appropriated places with a previous history, and that the pukaras acted as territorial milestones associated to a way of occupying the space, interweaving numerous practices and acting as referents of collective memory. In this article, we discuss the possibility that the strategies and ritual ceremonies were used as an expression of the territorial demarcation and annexation to the Inca policy in agricultural areas of the valleys and high gorges of Calchaqui, taking into account the concept of Capacocha. Fil: Williams, Veronica Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto de las Culturas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de las Culturas; Argentina Fil: Castellanos, María Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto de las Culturas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de las Culturas; Argentina
- Published
- 2020
24. Relaciones y estrategias de expansión Inca en el Noroeste argentino: marcadores gráficos e indicadores materiales en las quebradas altas del Valle Calchaquí
- Author
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Williams, Verónica Isabel and Castellanos, María Cecilia
- Subjects
Anexión territorial inca ,Campos agrícolas ,Marcadores gráficos ,Inca territorial annexation ,Capacocha ,Calchaquí Valley ,Graphic markers ,Valle Calchaquí ,Agricultural fields - Abstract
Fil: Williams, Verónica Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de las Culturas; Argentina Fil: Castellanos, María Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de las Culturas; Argentina Para el Valle Calchaquí medio, en el noroeste de Argentina, se ha postulado la implementación de diferentes estrategias de apropiación del paisaje por parte del Estado inca, las cuales variaron según las condiciones locales, ambientales y demográficas. Una de las estrategias apunta a una modalidad directa consistente en la intervención en infraestructura agrícola en sectores sin evidencia de asentamientos locales tanto habitacionales como defensivos del tipo pukara, muy populares en el área de estudio para el período de Desarrollos Regionales (PDR) o período Intermedio Tardío (PIT), que podrían haberse convertido en verdaderos enclaves productivos; y otra, de corte más simbólico, sugiere la apropiación estatal de lugares con historia previa, donde los pukaras, funcionaron como hitos territoriales, asociados a una forma de habitar el espacio entramando múltiples prácticas y actuando como referentes de memoria colectiva. En este artículo discutimos la posibilidad del despliegue de estrategias y ceremonias rituales como expresión de la demarcación territorial y anexión a la política Inca en áreas agrícolas de valles y quebradas altas del Calchaquí, tomando en cuenta el concepto de Capacocha. It has been suggested that, depending on local, environmental, and demographic conditions, the Inca state implemented diverse strategies of landscape appropriation in the middle Calchaqui Valley, Northwest Argentina..One of the direct strategies consisted in the intervention of agricultural infrastructure in areas with no evidence of either local habitational or pukarastyle defensive settlements, which were very popular in the study area during the Regional Development Period (RDP) or Late Intermediate Period (LIP) and which could have become true Inca productive enclaves. Another strategy, of a more symbolic character, suggests that the Inca state appropriated places with a previous history, and that the pukaras acted as territorial milestones associated to a way of occupying the space, interweaving numerous practices and acting as referents of collective memory. In this article, we discuss the possibility that the strategies and ritual ceremonies were used as an expression of the territorial demarcation and annexation to the Inca policy in agricultural areas of the valleys and high gorges of Calchaqui, taking into account the concept of Capacocha. Williams, V. I. y Castellanos, M. C. (2020). Relaciones y estrategias de expansión Inca en el Noroeste argentino: marcadores gráficos e indicadores materiales en las quebradas altas del Valle Calchaquí. Chungará (Arica), 52(3), 445-460.
- Published
- 2020
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25. LOS CAMINOS CEREMONIALES EN LOS APUS DEL TAWANTINSUYU
- Author
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Christian Vitry
- Subjects
caminos ceremoniales ,Archeology ,Geography ,Anthropology ,Montañas sagradas ,apus ,capacocha ,Humanities ,arqueología de alta montaña ,Archaeological evidence - Abstract
espanolResumen: En el proceso de expansion territorial de los Incas, los sistemas viales jugaron un rol estructural fundamental, llegando a conformar -a traves de la infraestructura edilicia- una suerte de continuidad espacial desde la capital del Tawantinsuyu hasta las lejanas periferias. Los vastos paisajes cordilleranos, con sus altas montanas, lejos de ser considerados como obstaculos o lugares inaccesibles, fueron la morada de deidades, conformando una territorialidad simbolica e ideologica con una fuerte presencia material y cultural en los paisajes. Hasta el presente se tiene conocimiento de poco mas de doscientas montanas con evidencias arqueologicas en los Andes y cordilleras vecinas, en quince de estas montanas se realizaron ofrendas humanas y en muchas de ellas se registraron caminos ceremoniales que conducen a lo alto de los picos. En otras oportunidades hicimos referencia a los caminos del nevado de Chani y el volcan Llullaillaco. En la presente investigacion daremos a conocer un amplio listado de montanas que poseen caminos, intentando establecer algunos indicadores arqueologicos y espaciales de estas particulares vias que fueron desarrolladas en unos de los ambientes mas extremos del mundo. EnglishAbstract: During the process of territorial expansion of the Incas, the road systems played an essential structural role by shaping a type of spatial continuity through built infrastructure, which started in the capital of Tawantinsuyu and spread to distant peripheries. Far from being considered as obstacles or inaccessible places, the vast Andean landscapes and their high mountains were the abode of deities, which shaped a symbolic and ideological territoriality with strong material and cultural presence in the landscapes. So far, a little more than two hundred mountains with archaeological evidence have been studied in the Andes and other neighboring mountain ranges. On fifteen of these mountains human offerings were made, and in many of them, ceremonial roads leading to the top of the peaks have been surveyed. We have previously referred to the paths of Mount Chani and the Llullaillaco volcano. Here, we present an extensive list of mountains with roads in an attempt to establish some archaeological and spatial indicators of these particular paths, built in some of the most extreme environments in the world.
- Published
- 2020
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26. Bullroarers and Sibilant Ropes Associated to the Capacochacuna of the Volcano Llullaillaco
- Author
-
Margarita E. Gentile
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,History ,Incas ,lcsh:History (General) and history of Europe ,Emblem ,media_common.quotation_subject ,machacuay ,musical instruments ,instrumentos musicales ,lcsh:History (General) ,Colonialism ,Ceremony ,lcsh:D1-2009 ,incas ,Alliance ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,lcsh:D ,Ethnography ,Ethnology ,capacocha ,Theme (narrative) ,media_common - Abstract
The theme of this essay is the bullroarers and the sibilant ropes that accompanied the ceremony of founding the capacocha alliance and oracle to and on the top of the Llullaillaco volcano (6739 masl, province of Salta, Argentina).Crossing data of Inca archaeology, colonial documentation and ethnographic record, I return to the theme of boas as one of the Inca emblems because a garment of the women's dress of the entourage – the tubular tissue to which the bullroarers are attached – represents another ophidian from the same family: the machacuay.Their whistles were reproduced by the men, making the ropes that they carried with them and with which they had already participated in another ceremony in Cusco. The human voice had to add the stories guided by these sounds. With plates, tubular fabric, ropes and stories updated, sound and visually, the History of the means used by the Inca to put under the Cusco government the other non-Cusqueño without confronting war. El tema de este ensayo son las placas zumbadoras y las sogas sibilantes que acompasaron la ceremonia de fundación de la alianza y oráculo capacocha hacia y en la cima del volcán Llullaillaco (6739 msnm, provincia de Salta, República Argentina).Cruzando datos de arqueología incaica, documentación colonial y registro etnográfico, regreso al tema del amaru como uno de los emblemas incaicos porque una prenda del vestuario de las mujeres de la comitiva –el tejido tubular al que están sujetas las placas– representa otro ofidio de la familia de las boas: el machacuay. Sus silbos los reproducían los hombres haciendo girar rápidamente las sogas que llevaban consigo y con las que ya habían participado de otra ceremonia en el Cusco. La voz humana debió agregar los relatos pautados por estos sonidos.Con placas, tejido tubular, sogas y relatos se actualizaban, sonora y visualmente, la Historia de los medios empleados por el Inca para poner bajo el gobierno del Cusco al otro no-cusqueño sin confrontar bélicamente.
- Published
- 2018
27. The variable roads to sacrifice: Isotopic investigations of human remains from Chotuna-Huaca de los Sacrificios, Lambayeque, Peru.
- Author
-
Turner, Bethany L., Klaus, Haagen D., Livengood, Sarah V., Brown, Leslie E., Saldaña, Fausto, and Wester, Carlos
- Subjects
- *
OXYGEN isotopes , *ARCHAEOLOGY , *KERATIN , *HUMAN sacrifice , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL human remains - Abstract
ABSTRACT This study investigates two key variables-residential context and subsistence-among sacrificial victims dating to the Late Horizon (A.D. 1450-1532) in the Huaca de los Sacrificios at the Chotuna-Chornancap Archaeological Complex in north coastal Peru. We investigate whether aspects of sacrifice in this distant coastal province mirrored that found in Inca heartland contexts such as the capacocha, or remained more typical of coastal sacrificial traditions. Stable carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotope values were characterized in bone carbonate, bone collagen, and hair keratin to estimate geographic residence during the decade before death and diet in the decade, versus months, before death. Bone δ18Ocarbonate values have a mean (±SD) of 26.8 ± 1.1%, bone δ13Ccarbonate values −6.7 ± 1.7%, and bone δ13Ccollagen values 11.8 ± 1.3%; bone δ15Ncollagen values have a mean of 11.5 ± 1.3%. Combined hair δ13Ckeratin values have a mean of −12.8 ± 1.6%, and hair δ15Nkeratin values 10.8 ± 1.3%. In contrast to contemporaneous coastal and highland contexts, we are unable to identify immigrants among the sacrificed individuals or changes in diet that indicate provisioning with a standardized diet leading up to death. Instead, results suggest that victims were local to the area, but consumed moderately variable diets consistent with local subsistence patterns. These findings suggest a distinct pattern of human sacrifice in the Late Horizon and underscore the regional and temporal variation in sacrificial practices in the central Andes. Am J Phys Anthropol 151:22-37, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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28. Investigating a child sacrifice event from the Inca heartland
- Author
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Andrushko, Valerie A., Buzon, Michele R., Gibaja, Arminda M., McEwan, Gordon F., Simonetti, Antonio, and Creaser, Robert A.
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN sacrifice , *INCA art , *VALLEYS , *RITES & ceremonies , *IMPERIALISM , *ARCHAEOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract: Human sacrifice in the Inca Empire at times took the form of the capacocha, a sacrificial rite involving the most beautiful children in the empire. In this study, we investigate a possible capacocha at the pre-Columbian site of Choquepukio in the Cuzco Valley of Peru. During excavations at Choquepukio in 2004, seven children (aged 3–12 years) were discovered buried together; accompanying them was an elaborate assemblage of high status artifacts similar to those from other recent archaeological finds that are believed to be capacocha sacrifices. Since colonial documents indicate that capacocha children were selected from diverse regions of the empire, we initiated a radiogenic strontium isotope analysis to determine the origins of the children found at Choquepukio. Our analysis showed that, indeed, two children in the assemblage had non-local origins. When considered together, the osteological, archaeological, and isotopic evidence suggest that a capacocha event occurred at Choquepukio, representing the only lower-elevation capacocha to have been found in the Cuzco region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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29. MINIATURAS ZOOMORFAS DEL VOLCÁN LLULLAILLACO Y CONTRASTE ENTRE RÉGIMEN ESTATAL Y VIDA COMUNITARIA EN LA CAPACOCHA.
- Author
-
MIGNONE, PABLO
- Published
- 2009
30. Placas zumbadoras y sogas sibilantes asociadas a las capacochacuna del volcán Llullaillaco
- Author
-
Gentile Lafaille, Margarita E. and Gentile Lafaille, Margarita E.
- Abstract
The theme of this essay is the bullroarers and the sibilant ropes that accompanied the ceremony of founding the capacocha alliance and oracle to and on the top of the Llullaillaco volcano (6739 masl, province of Salta, Argentina).Crossing data of Inca archaeology, colonial documentation and ethnographic record, I return to the theme of boas as one of the Inca emblems because a garment of the women’s dress of the entourage – the tubular tissue to which the bullroarers are attached – represents another ophidian from the same family: the machacuay.Their whistles were reproduced by the men, making the ropes that they carried with them and with which they had already participated in another ceremony in Cusco. The human voice had to add the stories guided by these sounds. With plates, tubular fabric, ropes and stories updated, sound and visually, the History of the means used by the Inca to put under the Cusco government the other non-Cusqueño without confronting war., El tema de este ensayo son las placas zumbadoras y las sogas sibilantes que acompasaron la ceremonia de fundación de la alianza y oráculo capacocha hacia y en la cima del volcán Llullaillaco (6739 msnm, provincia de Salta, República Argentina).Cruzando datos de arqueología incaica, documentación colonial y registro etnográfico, regreso al tema del amaru como uno de los emblemas incaicos porque una prenda del vestuario de las mujeres de la comitiva –el tejido tubular al que están sujetas las placas– representa otro ofidio de la familia de las boas: el machacuay. Sus silbos los reproducían los hombres haciendo girar rápidamente las sogas que llevaban consigo y con las que ya habían participado de otra ceremonia en el Cusco. La voz humana debió agregar los relatos pautados por estos sonidos.Con placas, tejido tubular, sogas y relatos se actualizaban, sonora y visualmente, la Historia de los medios empleados por el Inca para poner bajo el gobierno del Cusco al otro no-cusqueño sin confrontar bélicamente.
- Published
- 2018
31. Distributional analysis of the Inca statuettes found in Llullaillaco volcano
- Author
-
Pablo Mignone
- Subjects
purl.org/becyt/ford/6 [https] ,lcsh:Latin America. Spanish America ,lcsh:F1201-3799 ,distribución ,statistique ,estadística ,statistics ,distribution ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Inca ,lcsh:H1-99 ,purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1 [https] ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,capacocha ,Llullaillaco ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Hemos realizado, en esta ocasión, un estudio distribucional de las estatuillas antropomorfas y zoomorfas incaicas que fueron encontradas a 6715 msnm en el volcán Llullaillaco (Salta-Argentina) junto a tres cuerpos humanos. Estas ofrendas fueron enterradas en el marco de un ritual incaico conocido como capacocha, por el cual se sellaban y mantenían las alianzas entre las comunidades aborígenes y el Estado. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una distribución diferencial entre los cuerpos y las figurillas antropomorfas, formando grupos segregados sin relación espacial. Esto corroboraría arqueológicamente la información etnohistórica acerca de la importancia sui generis de las estatuillas ofrecidas, en muchas ocasiones sin acompañamiento de restos humanos. Finalmente, la distribución nos plantea incógnitas en cuanto a la secuencia de depositación de las ofrendas de capacocha del volcán Llullaillaco, sugiriendo la sincronía de los entierros o un relativo corto tiempo entre los mismos. Nous avons réalisé, pour cette occasion, une analyse distributionnelle des statuettes anthropomorphes et zoomorphes incas, mise au jour à 6715 mètres d’altitude dans le volcan Llullaillaco (Salta-Argentine) avec trois corps humains. Ces offrandes ont été enterrées dans le cadre d’un rituel inca connu comme capacocha, par lequel étaient scellées et maintenues les alliances entre les communautés aborigènes et l’État. Les résultats obtenus montrent une distribution différentielle entre les corps et les figurines anthropomorphes, formant des groupes ségrégués sans relation spatiale. Ceci corroborerait sur le plan archéologique l’information ethnohistorique qui souligne l’importance sui generis des statuettes offertes à de nombreuses occasions sans accompagnement de restes humains. Enfin, la distribution laisse subsister des doutes quant à la séquence de dépôt des offrandes de capacocha du volcan Llullaillaco, suggérant la synchronie des enterrements ou un temps relativement court entre ces derniers. We conducted a study of the distribution of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic inca figurines found in the tombs of three human bodies, at 6715 meters above sea level in the Llullaillaco (Salta-Argentina) volcano. These offerings were buried in an Inca ritual known as capacocha, by which were sealed and maintained partnerships between aboriginal communities and the state. The results of our study show a differential distribution between the bodies and anthropomorphic figurines, forming groups segregated without spatial relationship. This corroborates the ethnohistorical and archaeological information about the importance of figurines offered on many occasions without accompanying human remains. Finally, the distribution raises uncertainties as to the sequence of deposition of the offerings of the Llullaillaco volcano, suggesting the synchronicity of burials or a relatively short time between them. Fil: Mignone Gambetta, Pablo Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Humanidades. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades; Argentina
- Published
- 2018
32. Vestimenta de mujeres en la nobleza Inca. Ajuar textil en el enterratorio del Cerro Esmeralda y sus relaciones con los textiles en miniatura de estatuillas
- Author
-
Hoces de la Guardia Ch., Soledad and Rojas Z., Ana María
- Subjects
lcsh:Latin America. Spanish America ,lcsh:GN1-890 ,lcsh:F1201-3799 ,lcsh:Anthropology ,Inca textiles ,lliclla ,GN1-890 ,F1201-3799 ,vêtements féminins ,acsu ,Anthropology ,vestimenta femenina ,textiles inca ,capacocha ,Latin America. Spanish America ,female clothing - Abstract
El Museo Regional de Iquique en Chile es depositario del ajuar de ofrenda de una ceremonia de capacocha llevada a cabo aproximadamente entre los años 1.399 y 1.475 d.C. en el cerro Esmeralda, cercano a esta ciudad. Este sitio de sacrificio humano tiene como rasgo particular su ubicación, 905 metros de altitud sobre la costa.El hallazgo realizado en 1976, develó dos cuerpos femeninos y un conjunto de setenta y siete piezas, 70% de las cuales son textiles. Los cuerpos vestían prendas que son referentes exactos de la indumentaria femenina miniatura que portan las estandarizadas figurillas presentes en numerosos enterratorios de altura en los Andes. Este texto expone los avances realizados en este estudio comparativo que considera aspectos materiales, técnicos y formales en relación a su composición, color e iconografía, los cuales responden a estrictos patrones normados por el Estado Inca. The Museo Regional de Iquique, Chile, holds a patrimony of extraordinary value consisting of offerings preserved from an Inca capacocha ceremony. The ceremony, an extremely important Inca ritual carried out throughout Tawantinsuyu took place approximately between the years 1399 and 1475 AC. in cerro Esmeralda near this city. This 1976-discovery revealed two female bodies and a group of more than seventy-seven artifacts, which include a majority of textiles (70%).The Esmeralda site, unlike others found primarily in high-altitude mountain regions was discovered at a low altitude (905 m.a.s.l.). The bodies of the women were wearing exactly the same garments that the clothed miniature figurines that were found in several of the capacocha burials from other sites in the Andes. Recent preparation of these materials for their display in the museum have allowed us to record their details and initiate comparative studies among Inca women’s garments that have been preserved both in real scale and their miniature similes. This work presents the progress made in the study that considers material, technical and formal aspects of the textiles in relation to composition, color and iconography that follow the strict patterns that have appeared to have been established by the Inca State. Le Musée Régional d’Iquique, Chili, est dépositaire d’un patrimoine d’une valeur extraordinaire, les objets offerts lors d’une cérémonie de capacocha, un rituel de grande importance pour le Tawantinsuyu réalisé approximativement entre les années 1399 et 1475 ap. J-C. sur la colline Esmeralda proche de cette ville. Sa découverte effectuée en 1976 a révélé deux corps féminins et un ensemble de plus de soixante-dix-sept pièces dont 70% sont des textiles.Le site d’Esmeralda, contrairement à d’autres trouvés surtout dans des régions montagneuses de haute altitude, a été découvert à seulement 905 mètres au-dessus de la mer. Les corps des sacrifiées étaient accompagnés de vêtements féminins qui font référence à ceux portés par les statuettes standardisées trouvées trouvées sur de nombreux autres sites de capacocha dans la Cordillère des Andes.Les travaux réalisés récemment en vue de leur exposition nous ont permis de relever de nombreux détails et de comparer ces vêtements inca féminins de taille humaine avec les exemples miniatures. L’article présente les résultats de cette étude qui considère les aspects matériels, techniques et formels des textiles du point de vue de leur composition, couleurs et iconographie qui suivent des normes strictes probablement établies par l’état inca.
- Published
- 2016
33. La Capacocha
- Author
-
Pierre Duviols
- Subjects
capacocha ,sacrificio humano ,tawantinsuyu ,History of Civilization ,CB3-482 ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 - Abstract
Los manuales o tratados sobre civilización incaca no mencionan generalmente los ritos de capacocha, quizá porque no existe sobre este tema ninguna monografía que haya recogido los datos dispersos en las fuentes etnohistóricas. Sin embargo vale la pena examinar detenidamente esta cuestión. Uno se da cuenta de que la capacocha fue una de las ceremonias más solemnes de la vida incaica y en la que intervenían el mayor número de individuos de todo el "imperio". Todavía 89 años después de la Conquista, poblaciones muy alejadas del Cusco conservaban la memoria de lo que había sido. Además, la reconstitución de los hechos hasta donde podemos llevarla -y el análisis- de su funcionamiento y fines, convence de que nos encontramos ante una de las instituciones más originales del Tawantinsuyu, especialmente significativa en cuanto a los mecanismos de reciprocidad política, social y económica puestos en juego y que, por lo tanto, nos ayuda a entender mejor aquellos mecanismos.
- Published
- 1976
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34. Dimensión sociopolítica y religiosa de la capacocha del cerro Aconcagua
- Author
-
Gentile Lafaille, Margarita E.
- Subjects
Tahuantinsuyu ,Ceremonial garments ,Chinchaysuyu ,Chile ,Collasuyu ,Capacocha ,Ritual roads ,Aconcagua ,capacocha ,chemin rituel ,Chili ,tenue cérémonielle ,ropa ceremonial ,camino ritual ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
In a secondary mountain range of the Aconcagua Mt., a group of mountain-climbers found an interment possessing the attributes of a capacocha. In this essay some of the elements composing it namely thesmall metal and mullu figures with their garments, drawing on colonial documentsand archaeological data, are studied and commented upon. Among the subjects considered the following : the presence of Huayna Capac in Chile, the coalition between Chinchaysuyu and Collasuyu under the Inca empire, the ritual roads, the oracle and the survival of the memories of the ancient god Con., Dimension socio-politique et religieuse de la capacocha de l'Aconcagua Sur un contrefort de l'Aconcagua un groupe d'andinistes a trouvé une sépulture ayant les caractéristiques d'une capacocha. Dans cet essai nous étudierons et commenterons quelques éléments qui la composent, spécialement des petites figures en métal et mullu avec leurs tenues, en prenant comme référence les informations coloniales et les données de l'archéologie. Parmi les sujets traités nous trouverons : la présence de Huayna Capac au Chili, l'alliance entre Chinchaysuyu et Collasuyu sous la domination inca, les chemins rituels, l'oracle et le maintien du souvenir de l'ancien dieu Con., En un contrafuerte del cerro Aconcagua, un grupo de andinistas encontró un entierro que reúne las condiciones que lo definen como una capacocha. En este ensayo se estudian y comentan algunos de los elementos que la componen -especialmente las figuritas de metal y mullu con sus atuendos- tomando como referencia las noticias coloniales y los datos arqueológicos. Entre los temas tratados tenemos: la presencia de Huayna Capac en Chile; la alianza entre Chinchaysuyu y Collasuyu bajo el dominio incaico; los caminos rituales; el oráculo; y la supervivencia del recuerdo del antiguo dios Con., Gentile Lafaille Margarita E. Dimensión sociopolítica y religiosa de la capacocha del cerro Aconcagua. In: Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Études Andines, tome 25, N°1, 1996. pp. 43-90.
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
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35. Hail the Conquering Gods: Ritual Sacrifice of Children in Inca Society
- Author
-
Faux, Jennifer L
- Subjects
Child Sacrifice ,Power ,Sacred Places ,Capacocha - Abstract
The focus of this paper is to evaluate the Capacocha (also referred to as capac hucha) or child sacrifices in Inca society. This paper begins by evaluating the Capacocha ceremony as practiced by the Inca. By addressing how children played a role in past rituals, the paper centralizes its focus on ritual sacrifice, a subject that has warranted numerous debates by archaeologists. The Capacocha children are sacrificial victims found in summits of the Andes. Their nearly perfectly preserved bodies yield valuable information regarding the health, diet, and birth place of Incan children. In determining these specific elements, archaeologists can theorize the status and ethnicity of the sacrificial victims. Archaeologists discovered the overall diet and health of the sacrificial victims was exceptional, leading them to infer that the majority of the victims were high-status children. However, there was great variability regarding the ethnicity of the Capacocha child victims, permitting to hypothesize the use of these children as political and economic pawns for the Inca king. Then, remains of these children offer archaeologists a glimpse at ritual sacrifice in Inca society as a performed ritual practiced for solidifying the Inca king’s political and economic power.
- Published
- 2012
36. La cosmovisión religiosa andina y el rito de la Capacocha
- Author
-
Martín Rubio, María Del Carmen
- Subjects
offerings ,ritual ,ofrendas ,cult ,grave goods ,theocracy ,culto ,Capacocha ,teocracia ,ajuar funerario - Abstract
Following recent discoveries of offerings from small children age into snow-covered mountains of Peru, Chile and Argentina, decided to intensify the research on the motivations, behavioral patterns and ritual practices that accompanied this form human sacrifices to Andean deities. We base our studies on the release of a number of archaeologists and writers, especially Betanzos, who narrates in detail how these children were «buried alive by all the places where the Inca had a thousand children and four thousand girls and five years. « He describes «the girl Cachua Tanta», we give a detailed analysis «Ampato’s mummy ‘Juanita’,» «The mummies of Salta, the women and children companions in death, and finally identifies the survival of the ancestral worship of the Apus., A raíz de los recientes descubrimientos de ofrendas de niños y niñas de escasa edad en las altas cumbres nevadas del Perú, Chile y Argentina, decidí profundizar las investigaciones acerca de las motivaciones, patrones de comportamiento y las prácticas rituales que acompañaron a esta forma de sacrificios humanos a las deidades andinas. Basamos nuestros estudios en la versión de una serie de arqueólogos y cronistas, especialmente Betanzos, quien narra con lujo de detalles, cómo estos niños eran «enterrados vivos por todos los lugares, donde había estado el inca, mil niños y mil niñas de cuatro y cinco años». Se describe a «la niña de Tanta Cachua», hacemos un detenido análisis de «la momia de Ampato: ‘Juanita’», «Las momias de Salta», la mujeres y niños acompañantes en la muerte, y por último, se señala la supervivencia del ancestral culto a los Apus.
- Published
- 2009
37. MINIATURAS ZOOMORFAS DEL VOLCÁN LLULLAILLACO Y CONTRASTE ENTRE RÉGIMEN ESTATAL Y VIDA COMUNITARIA EN LA CAPACOCHA
- Author
-
Pablo Mignone
- Subjects
mullu ,metal ,capacocha ,fertilidad ,pastoreo ,Llullaillaco - Abstract
En este escrito se expone una clasificación de 15 miniaturas zoomorfas inkas de metal y Spondylus, basada en formas y técnicas de manufactura desarrollando también una interpretación del significado de materiales, de asociaciones cardinales y de objetos del contexto funerario recuperado en 1999 de la cima del volcán Llullaillaco (6.739 msnm, Provincia de Salta, Argentina). Se busca aportar a la arqueología de montaña con una perspectiva de inclusión de contenidos mentales extra-políticos, basándose en la premisa de que el ritual remite, en primera instancia, a la práctica cotidiana que resulta de las condiciones sociales y materiales de existencia. Identificando ese sustrato primigenio, se intenta cambiar el eje de atención desde la predominancia cusqueña hacia el interés por la vida vernácula y sus prácticas dentro de lo que tradicionalmente se considera un ritual de exclusiva injerencia estatal en el marco de una "férrea" e intransigente dominación política.
- Published
- 2009
38. LA CAPACOCHA DEL NEVADO DE CHAÑI UNA APROXIMACION PRELIMINAR DESDE LA ARQUEOLOGIA
- Author
-
María Constanza Ceruti
- Subjects
Archeology ,Highland shrines ,ceremonial architecture ,Anthropology ,Santuario de altura ,arquitectura ceremonial ,Capacocha - Abstract
El Nevado de Chañi (5.896 m.s.n.m.) se encuentra situado en la Cordillera Oriental andina, entre las provincias de Salta y Jujuy, al Norte del actual territorio argentino. En 1905, en el marco de una campaña militar, se recuperó de las alturas del Chañi una momia infantil con ajuar textil, que fuera ulteriormente entregada al Museo Etnográfico de Buenos Aires. Las campañas de prospección realizadas por la autora en el Nevado de Chañi en Octubre de 1996 y Diciembre de 1997 permitieron el relevamiento de la arquitectura del santuario de la cumbre, estaciones intermedias y campamento-base de dicho complejo ceremonial de altura; así como la recolección en superficie de materiales cerámicos y óseos, de abundantes fragmentos de madera de leña y cardón. Se ha procurado de este modo obtener datos que permitan inferir estrategias de utilización ritual y logística de la montaña, para comprender en mayor profundidad el contexto en el que fuera realizada la ceremonia incaica de ofrenda y sacrificio de la Capacocha The Nevado de Chañi (5896 meters above sea level) is located in the eastern Andean Cordillera, between the Provinces of Salta and Jujuy, to the north of Argentine territory. In 1905, amidst a military campaign, an infant mummy with a textile wrapping was recovered from the heights of Nevado de Chañi and delivered to the Ethnographic Museum of Buenos Aires. The prospect campaigns, carried out by the author in the Nevado de Chañi in October of 1996 and December of 1997, permitted the discovery of the sanctuary architecture of the peak, intermediary stations and a base camp of said ceremonial complex as well as the surface collection of ceramic and bone materials, wood chip fragments and charcoal. Since, it has been attempted to obtain data that permit the inference of ritual use strategies and logistics of the mountains in times of Incan dominance in order to more fully understand the context in which the ceremony at Capacocha was performed
- Published
- 2001
39. Chiqui: etnohistoria de una creencia andina en el noroeste argentino
- Author
-
Gentile, Margarita and Gentile, Margarita
- Abstract
CHIQUI : ETHNOHISTOIRE DUNE CROYANCE ANDINE DU NORD-OUEST DE LARGENTINE. Chiqui, cest la malchance la documentation sur cette croyance et les cérémonies liées à sa propitiation se trouvent dans le nord-ouest argentin au milieu du XIXème siècle et au début du XX. Dans cet article nous voulons montrer la variété des situations qui comportent du danger, de la malchance, chiqui les façons dattirer la malchance ses représentations létude de la croyance dans certains endroits et son enracinement profond dans la tradition andine, probablement lié aux événements climatiques El Niño. Chiqui era la suerte adversa la creencia y las ceremonias relacionadas con su propiciación se documentaron en el noroeste argentino a mediados del siglo XIX y a principios del siglo XX. En este ensayo se muestran la variedad de situaciones peligrosas, desgraciadas, chiqui las formas de congraciar la suerte adversa sus representaciones la dispersión de la creencia a lo largo y ancho de diversos paisajes y su honda raigambre andina, presumiblemente relacionada con eventos climáticos tipo El Niño. CHIQUI: ETHNOHISTORY OF AN ANDEAN BELIEF OF THE NORTHWEST OF ARGENTINE. Chiqui was the bad luck the belief and the ceremonies related to its propitiation were recorded in the Argentine northwestern region by the mid 19th Century and at the beginning of the 20th Century. This essay shows the different dangerous and unlucky situations, chiqui the ways to obtain the benefits of the bad luck its representations, the spreading of this belief throughout different landscapes and its Andean deeprootedness, presumably related to weather phenomena such as El Niño.
- Published
- 2001
40. La Capacocha: Mecanismo y función del sacrificio humano, su proyección geométrica, su papel en la política integracionista y en la economía redistributiva del Tawantinsuyu
- Author
-
Duviols, Pierre and Duviols, Pierre
- Abstract
Los manuales o tratados sobre civilización incaca no mencionan generalmente los ritos de capacocha, quizá porque no existe sobre este tema ninguna monografía que haya recogido los datos dispersos en las fuentes etnohistóricas. Sin embargo vale la pena examinar detenidamente esta cuestión. Uno se da cuenta de que la capacocha fue una de las ceremonias más solemnes de la vida incaica y en la que intervenían el mayor número de individuos de todo el "imperio". Todavía 89 años después de la Conquista, poblaciones muy alejadas del Cusco conservaban la memoria de lo que había sido. Además, la reconstitución de los hechos hasta donde podemos llevarla -y el análisis- de su funcionamiento y fines, convence de que nos encontramos ante una de las instituciones más originales del Tawantinsuyu, especialmente significativa en cuanto a los mecanismos de reciprocidad política, social y económica puestos en juego y que, por lo tanto, nos ayuda a entender mejor aquellos mecanismos.
- Published
- 1976
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